CN101556861A - Piezoelectric ceramic voltage dividing electronic potential transformer - Google Patents
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- CN101556861A CN101556861A CNA200810180545XA CN200810180545A CN101556861A CN 101556861 A CN101556861 A CN 101556861A CN A200810180545X A CNA200810180545X A CN A200810180545XA CN 200810180545 A CN200810180545 A CN 200810180545A CN 101556861 A CN101556861 A CN 101556861A
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Abstract
A high voltage potential transformer based on technologies of piezoelectric ceramics and reflective fiber optic displacement sensors is characterized by taking high-power piezoelectric ceramics as a voltage dividing assembly to be connected with a slice-type piezoelectric ceramic in series, obtaining information of primary voltage by converse piezoelectric effect of the slice-type piezoelectric ceramic, and measuring a dependent variable generated by the converse piezoelectric effect with a reflective fiber optic displacement sensor, thus completing measurement of the primary voltage. The non-contact measurement realizes passivity of the potential transformer and solves an insulation problem of the high voltage potential transformer. The high voltage potential transformer has good transient characteristics and linearity and stable temperature characteristics and causes no ferroresonance fault danger, and the product has simple insulation structure, small volume and light weight, thus greatly reducing power loss and manufacturing cost of the potential transformer at the same voltage class and achieving the aim of energy saving and exhaust emission reduction in the field of manufacturing primary equipment of the electric power system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to piezoelectric ceramic new technology and the reflective optical fiber displacement sensor technology application achievements in the power system voltage fields of measurement, the piezoelectric ceramic divided voltage instrument transformer of being released is a kind of new-style electronic high voltage potential transformer.
Background technology
Voltage transformer is used very extensive in electric power system, is one of equipment of power plant, transformer station's indispensability, and it is used for the measurement and the conversion of various electric pressures, and the equipment of reliable analog quantity or data message is provided as to the normal operation of electrical network and fault the time.
At present, the voltage transformer in the electric power system mainly contain several classes:
The first kind is an electromagnetic potential transformer, and its advantage is: the principle maturation, certainty of measurement and transient response characteristic are better.But the voltage transformer in high pressure and superhigh pressure grade needs a large amount of insulating material to solve the insulation and the insulation against ground problem of former secondary winding, when especially adopting the transformer oil insulation, will cause the high voltage potential transformer volume big, the operation maintenance complexity, the failure rate height becomes link the weakest in the safe operation of power system.In addition because the nonlinear characteristic of iron core is easy to generate ferro resonance, cause and measure inaccurate and cause burning and exploding of voltage transformer, cause the major accident in the operation of power networks.Therefore at high pressure or the superhigh pressure electromagnetic potential transformer that do not adopt in service as far as possible.
Second class is the capacitive divided voltage instrument transformer, and it carries out dividing potential drop with one group of power capacitor, and in the end an electric capacity place middle piezoelectricity magnetic-type voltage transformer in parallel comes picked up signal, reflects primary voltage with this.Its advantage is: can the double as hf channel when being contained on the circuit in conjunction with capacitor.But this class voltage transformer transient response characteristic is relatively poor; when system breaks down; because the magnetic saturation of nonlinear inductance; capacitor and middle piezoelectricity magnetic-type voltage transformer constitute a LC series resonant tank; in this loop, produce big electric current and overvoltage; this all has very big harm to voltage transformer and secondary circuit; in addition; residual voltage can appear in voltage transformer open-delta winding; might cause the protective relaying device misoperation; this safety and stability to system is very disadvantageous, and this voltage transformer does not fundamentally solve passiveization of voltage transformer problem.
The 3rd class is the photoelectric type instrument transformer, and its feature is: no saturated, and high accuracy, the linearity is good, and volume is little, and is in light weight, and reliability, fail safe are high.The high voltage part equipotential of collector unit of photo-electricity mutual-inductor (comprising the current/voltage progress of disease and signal processing etc.) and power equipment; connect between the high-low pressure and all use optical fiber; with the progress of disease of primary current voltage is the small voltage signal; be converted to digital quantity on the spot, use for equipment such as protection, measurement and monitoring by Optical Fiber Transmission.But what the photoelectric type instrument transformer that is based on Faraday effect can't be avoided optical fiber induces the linear birefrigence problem, temperature stability and anti-interference compare relatively poor, thereby, at present difficult to external environment condition and manufacture process requirement to form industrialization product than higher, apply widely.
Purpose of the present invention proposes a kind of ferro resonance hidden danger that do not exist exactly, and transient characterisitics are good, adopts optical fiber transmission signal, and insulation system is simple, and the low-power consumption type passive electronic voltage transformer of energy extensive use.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is by adopting three kinds of new technologies to realize: high-power piezoelectric ceramic new technology, piezoelectric ceramic inverse piezoelectric effect new technology, reflective optical fiber displacement sensor new technology.
Adopt the high voltage potential transformer of piezoelectric ceramic new technology and reflective optical fiber displacement sensor technology, it once and the coupling between the secondary be not by traditional Faraday electromagnetic induction principle, but realize that by the high dielectric strength of piezoelectric ceramic and inverse piezoelectric effect electric energy arrives the conversion of mechanical energy, and adopt the non-contact measuring technology of reflective optical fiber displacement sensor to realize passiveization of voltage transformer.
High voltage potential transformer according to employing piezoelectric ceramic new technology provided by the invention and reflective optical fiber displacement sensor technology, dividing potential drop assembly based on the piezoelectric ceramic formation, connect into as a whole by dividing potential drop assembly splicing ear, be cast into the shape of insulating sleeve by silicon rubber, to be concatenated into the afterbody of piezoelectric ceramic dividing potential drop assembly and the dividing potential drop part that piezoelectric element constitutes voltage transformer jointly with the sheet type piezoelectric ceramic piece of prescription, the fibre-optical probe of reflective optical fiber displacement sensor is approximately about 2mm apart from this sheet type piezoelectric ceramic piece, be fixed on the earth terminal with screw, be connected with ground wire, record the sheet type piezoelectric ceramic piece because the vibratory output that the voltage effect produces, thereby obtained the information of primary voltage, be sent to the A/D converting unit, signal finally outputs to the low pressure merge cells of digital transformer substation, so just finish the overall process of high voltage measuring, also realized passiveization of voltage transformer.
The high-power piezoelectric ceramic that dividing potential drop assembly that above-mentioned piezoelectric ceramic constitutes and sheet type piezoelectric ceramic all adopt same prescription is realized the high-tension linear compression functions that divides.
The high voltage potential transformer of above-mentioned employing piezoelectric ceramic new technology and reflective optical fiber displacement sensor technology, the sheet type piezoelectric ceramic piece thickness that adopts is about 0.5mm, the vibratory output that non-contact measurement by reflective optical fiber displacement sensor produces the inverse piezoelectric effect of this plate sheet type piezoelectric ceramic piece is converted to the converted quantity of corresponding light intensity, comes the size and Orientation of reflecting voltage by intensity information.
The high voltage potential transformer light intensity signal of above-mentioned employing piezoelectric ceramic new technology and reflective optical fiber displacement sensor technology transmits by optical fiber, secondary side at voltage transformer is converted to the signal of telecommunication, carry out the digital information of the A/D conversion back output voltage of surveying, send in the merge cells of digital transformer substation, finish all processes of voltage transformer conversion of signals.
The advantage of the high voltage potential transformer of above-mentioned employing piezoelectric ceramic new technology and reflective optical fiber displacement sensor technology is: volume is little, and is in light weight, and antijamming capability is strong, the equipment fault hidden danger that does not exist ferro resonance to cause; To insulation system require fairly simplely, precision satisfies the requirement of electric energy metrical and protection control, the dynamic stability performance is good, can operation steady in a long-term, belong to a kind of new-style electronic voltage transformer product.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1: piezo ceramic element explosion views
Fig. 2: sheet type piezoelectric ceramic inverse piezoelectric effect characteristic schematic diagram
Fig. 3: the high voltage potential transformer measuring principle figure that adopts the piezoelectric ceramic new technology
Fig. 4: the voltage-current characteristic of high-power piezoelectric ceramic dividing potential drop assembly
Fig. 5: the voltage-current characteristic of sheet type piezoelectric ceramic piece
Fig. 6: sheet type piezoelectric ceramic voltage-dependent variable output characteristic
Fig. 7: the frequency-output characteristic of sheet type piezoelectric ceramic piece
Fig. 8: the voltage transformer input-output characteristic figure that adopts the piezoelectric ceramic new technology
Fig. 9: voltage transformer outward appearance and profile
1. high-power piezoelectric ceramic sheet 2. epoxy resin embeddings 3. high-power piezoelectric ceramic dividing potential drop assembly profiles
4. voltage terminal 5. silicon rubber insulation sleeve pipes 6. dividing potential drop assembly splicing ears
7. sheet type piezoelectric ceramic piece 8. fibre-optical probes 9. reflective displacement transducers
10. base 11. earth terminals of voltage transformer
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with above-mentioned each accompanying drawing, describe the present invention in detail.
Referring to Fig. 1, dividing potential drop assembly 3 described in the present invention is compressed by 1-4 column type high-power piezoelectric ceramic sheet 1 and forms, each high-power piezoelectric ceramic sheet thickness is identical, and the thickness of the dividing potential drop assembly of composition has determined the ability of the industrial frequency withstand voltage and the anti-thunderbolt interference voltage of dividing potential drop assembly.
The electronic device that the piezoelectric ceramic piece power consumption is extremely low, dielectric loss is approximately about 0.2%, along with the variation of voltage magnitude, as long as primary circuit can provide the electric current that is not more than 1mA, piezoelectric ceramic is the energy operate as normal just, and the active loss when extrapolating the piezoelectric ceramic piece operate as normal thus is not more than 0.3W.If the AC current control by the dividing potential drop assembly below 2mA, voltage transformer with rated voltage 110kV is an example, the active power loss of dividing potential drop assembly is approximately 0.44W, low like this power loss is very favourable to insulation, the heat dissipation design of dividing potential drop assembly, thereby also will guarantee the operation reliably and with long-term of dividing potential drop assembly.
Compare with the JDZ type electromagnetic potential transformer of routine, the rated load when accuracy is 1 grade, power factor and active loss are compared as follows:
The piezoelectric ceramic dielectric strength of special material is approximately 3000V/mm, and the electric field strength that thermal breakdown takes place can reach 10
4V/mm, take place electrical breakdown electric field strength can reach 10
510
6V/mm, thermal coefficient of expansion are 10
-6(1/ opens).Therefore, the dividing potential drop assembly that adopts high-power piezoelectric ceramic to form has advantages such as volume is little, insulation processing is simple, power consumption is little, and breakdown characteristics is strong.
The dividing potential drop assembly 3 of the high voltage potential transformer among the present invention is concatenated into afterbody, during nearly 50-100V alternating voltage, inserts the piezoelectric ceramic piece 7 (thickness is greatly about about 0.5mm) of sheet type.Utilize the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric ceramic, the variable quantity of the amplitude of alternating voltage, direction is converted into the dependent variable of piezoelectric ceramic, this is the key link that electric energy is converted into mechanical energy.Referring to Fig. 2, sheet type piezoelectric ceramic 7 is subjected to voltage
Do the time spent, according to its contrary piezoelectricity function, can produce displacement Δ S accordingly, the size and Orientation of Δ S has reflected
Big or small direction.
Prove through great deal of experiment data: in certain range of strain, piezoelectric ceramic strain phasor is directly proportional with the electric field strength phasor, has the good linearity.
The frequency characteristic of thin slice piezoelectric ceramic is relevant with the big or small thickness of thin slice, if select correct, transient characterisitics that then can complete reflecting voltage.In addition, piezoelectric ceramic piece can be converted to constant dependent variable to the direct voltage amount, therefore can solve the measurement problem of DC component in the transient process, thereby properly solve the magnetic saturation problem of electromagnetic potential transformer.
Adopt the capacitance of the high voltage potential transformer primary circuit after the new dividing potential drop of piezoelectric ceramic smaller, and do not have the electromagnetic coupled loop, thereby fundamentally avoid the ferro resonance problem that occurs in the power system operation, guarantee the voltage transformer reliability of operation.
Be compared as follows with the equivalent ground capacitance and the inductance value of traditional capacitance divided voltage instrument transformer when rated voltage 110kV and the 220kV:
The piezoelectric ceramic piece both end voltage and the primary voltage of sheet type satisfy following linear relationship:
Wherein: U
yBe sheet type piezoelectric ceramic piece 7 both end voltage, U
1Be primary voltage, Z
cBe the total impedance of piezoelectric element 3, Z
yImpedance for the piezoelectric ceramic piece of sheet type.
The dividing potential drop assembly 3 of primary circuit and the piezoelectric ceramic piece 7 of sheet type all adopt the piezoceramic material of same prescription, therefore can think the impedance characteristic that dividing potential drop assembly 3 and sheet type piezoelectric ceramic piece 7 have identical characteristics, it will guarantee that the primary circuit is in different electric pressures, have the stable linearity under the different ambient temperatures, and guaranteed the temperature stability of voltage transformer.Actual measurement provides the voltage-current characteristic (seeing Fig. 4,5) of high-power piezoelectric ceramic dividing potential drop assembly 3 and sheet type piezoelectric ceramic 7.As long as select the suitable operating voltage range of element, the linearity of primary circuit voltage dividing potential drop just can satisfy required precision.In addition, experiment showed, that the frequency characteristic of the piezoelectric ceramic piece 7 of sheet type needs only selection rationally, frequency characteristic also will satisfy the (see figure 7) that requires of power system measuring.
This by after the dividing potential drop assembly dividing potential drop, adopt the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric ceramic, finally the high voltage phasor is converted to pari passu the method for little vibration phasor, be a kind of new exploration and breakthrough from the principle of measuring to the traditional electrical magnetic measurement.
Except adopting the new technology of piezoelectric ceramic, the present invention also is incorporated into reflective optical fiber displacement sensor in the middle of the voltage measurement of electric power system first.Reflective optical fiber displacement sensor is that a kind of principle is simple, flexible design, and stable performance, cheap, the photoelectric measuring device that antijamming capability is strong.The present invention is by the non-contact measurement of its fibre-optical probe, the dependent variable of sheet type piezoelectric ceramic 7 is converted into the variable quantity (reflective optical fiber displacement sensor characterizes variation of light intensity with voltage form, sees Fig. 6) of the luminous intensity size that is directly proportional with the amplitude size.Expression formula is as follows:
U
o＝kU
y (2)
U wherein
oBe the output of reflective optical fiber displacement sensor, U
yBe the piezoelectric ceramic piece both end voltage of sheet type, k is a proportionality coefficient.
Can draw the output and the primary voltage U of reflective optical fiber displacement sensor by (1), (2)
1Relation:
Displacement-output voltage characteristic curve according to reflective optical fiber displacement sensor 9 is provided can reach several nano measurement precision in the scarp slope district.For the vibration displacement in piezoelectric ceramic piece ± 1.0mm scope, can finish high-precision identification.Experiment shows that the output of reflective optical fiber displacement sensor 9 can correctly respond the vibrational waveform of sheet type piezoelectric ceramic piece 7, thereby reflects the voltage waveform of primary voltage indirectly fast, has good certainty of measurement (see figure 8).
The same with high-power piezoelectric ceramic, the frequency characteristic of reflective optical fiber displacement sensor 9 is good, can reach the response frequency of 100kHz, therefore can correctly respond the waveform of transient process.DC component in the transient process also can be converted into the constant displacement of piezoelectric ceramic piece simultaneously, obtains being converted to the interior necessarily luminous flux of intensity of optical fiber after the correct response.At the secondary side of voltage transformer, luminous intensity is converted to the signal of telecommunication, carries out the digital information of the A/D conversion back output voltage of surveying, and sends at last in the merge cells of digital transformer substation, has finished all processes of voltage transformer conversion of signals.There is not any magnetic saturation problem in all measurement links, efficiently solve first and second electrical isolation problem of voltage transformer simultaneously yet, thereby really realize the passiveization measurement of voltage transformer.
The overall structure of the high voltage potential transformer of employing piezoelectric ceramic new technology and reflective optical fiber displacement sensor technology is referring to Fig. 9, based on dividing potential drop assembly 3, connect into as a whole by dividing potential drop assembly splicing ear 6, be cast into the shape of insulating sleeve 5 by silicon rubber, sheet type piezoelectric ceramic piece 7 afterbody piezoelectric ceramic dividing potential drop assemblies 3 serial connections constitute the dividing potential drop part of voltage transformer, fibre-optical probe 8 is approximately about 2mm apart from sheet type piezoelectric ceramic piece 7, be fixed on the earth terminal 11 with screw, be connected with ground wire.Above device all is fixed on the base 10 of voltage transformer, terminal reflective displacement transducer 9 and the A/D converting unit of connecting of optical-fibre channel, and signal finally outputs in the low pressure merge cells of digital transformer substation, has so just finished the overall process of high voltage measuring.
The high voltage potential transformer weight that finishes of encapsulation be the electromagnetic potential transformer of equal electric pressure or capacitive divided voltage instrument transformer 1/30 to 1/10 between, volume be about the electromagnetic potential transformer of equal electric pressure or capacitive divided voltage instrument transformer 1/4 to 1/2 between.
Theory and practice all shows, high voltage substation running environment belongs to highfield, high-intensity magnetic field, but the piezoelectric ceramic piece to voltage driven type can not produce interference, and highfield, high-intensity magnetic field can not produce any interference to the light intensity signal that optical-fibre channel is transmitted yet simultaneously.Compare with the optical voltage transformer (OVT) of Pockels electro optic effect, perplex certainty of measurement for a long time and be subjected to the problem that influences of ambient temperature to obtain properly settling.Digitlization, passiveization and the Optical Fiber Transmissionization of high-voltage mutual inductor have been realized from another approach.
Claims (5)
1. high voltage potential transformer that adopts piezoelectric ceramic new technology and reflective optical fiber displacement sensor technology, it once and the coupling between the secondary be not by traditional electromagnetic induction principle, but realize that by the high dielectric strength of piezoelectric ceramic and inverse piezoelectric effect electric energy is to the conversion of mechanical energy: the dividing potential drop assembly that constitutes based on piezoelectric ceramic, connect into as a whole by dividing potential drop assembly splicing ear, be cast into the shape of insulating sleeve by silicon rubber, to be concatenated into the afterbody of piezoelectric ceramic dividing potential drop assembly and the dividing potential drop part that piezoelectric element constitutes voltage transformer jointly with the sheet type piezoelectric ceramic piece of prescription, the fibre-optical probe of reflective optical fiber displacement sensor is approximately about 2mm apart from the sheet type piezoelectric ceramic piece, be fixed on the earth terminal with screw, be connected with ground wire, record the sheet type piezoelectric ceramic piece thus because the vibratory output that the voltage effect produces, obtained the information of primary voltage thus, be sent to the A/D converting unit, signal finally outputs to the low pressure merge cells of digital transformer substation, so just finish the overall process of high voltage measuring, also realized passiveization of voltage transformer.
2. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of adopt piezoelectric ceramic new technology and reflective optical fiber displacement sensor technology high voltage potential transformer, it is characterized in that:, realize high-tension minute compression functions with the dividing potential drop assembly of high-power piezoelectric ceramic as voltage transformer.
3. employing piezoelectric ceramic new technology as claimed in claim 1 and reflective optical fiber displacement sensor technology high voltage potential transformer, it is characterized in that: utilize the strain that inverse piezoelectric effect produced of the thin piezoelectric ceramic piece of a slice 0.5mm left and right thickness connect with the dividing potential drop assembly to obtain the information of tested voltage.
4. as claimed in claim 3 a kind of adopt piezoelectric ceramic new technology and reflective optical fiber displacement sensor technology high voltage potential transformer, it is characterized in that: adopt reflective optical fiber displacement sensor, the vibratory output that the inverse piezoelectric effect of sheet type piezoelectric ceramic piece is produced by non-contact measurement is converted to the converted quantity of corresponding light intensity, comes the size and Orientation of reflecting voltage by intensity information.
5. as claimed in claim 4 a kind of adopt piezoelectric ceramic new technology and reflective optical fiber displacement sensor technology high voltage potential transformer, it is characterized in that: light intensity signal transmits by optical fiber, secondary side at voltage transformer is converted to the signal of telecommunication, carry out the digital information of the A/D conversion back output voltage of surveying, send in the merge cells of digital transformer substation, finish all processes of voltage transformer conversion of signals.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102435822A (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2012-05-02 | 东南大学 | Piezoelectric ceramic-based electronic voltage mutual induction device |
| CN103534749A (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2014-01-22 | 布拉姆.范登布鲁克 | Device for measuring physical characteristics and/or changes in physical characteristics in a sheet material and a sheet adapted for use with such a device. |
| CN108169630A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-06-15 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of device and method of neutral point ungrounded electric network resonance on-line monitoring |
| CN111869025A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2020-10-30 | 西门子股份公司 | Device with a measuring transformer and a surge arrester |
| CN112684236A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-20 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Voltage transformer |
| CN112782464A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-05-11 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Voltage measuring device and method based on piezoelectric ceramic micro-deformation image detection |
| CN113419186A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-09-21 | 同济大学 | Lithium ion power battery internal parameter detection method based on inverse piezoelectric effect |
| CN113533977A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-10-22 | 同济大学 | Method for detecting internal reaction parameters of lithium ion power battery |
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| CN2365747Y (en) * | 1998-08-27 | 2000-02-23 | 湖南电力电瓷电器厂 | 220 (KV) combined optical power mutual inductor |
| CN2385346Y (en) * | 1999-08-18 | 2000-06-28 | 李依群 | Passive solid-state magnetic field sensor |
| CN2582130Y (en) * | 2002-10-29 | 2003-10-22 | 顺德特种变压器厂 | Active optical fibre current transformer |
| CN100410669C (en) * | 2004-05-14 | 2008-08-13 | 欧阳南尼 | Current measurement method, electronic type current transformer utilized, and new application of the current transformer |
| CN201100865Y (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2008-08-13 | 天津爱天光电子科技有限公司 | Small current low voltage optical grating sensor |
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2008
- 2008-12-01 CN CN200810180545XA patent/CN101556861B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN103534749A (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2014-01-22 | 布拉姆.范登布鲁克 | Device for measuring physical characteristics and/or changes in physical characteristics in a sheet material and a sheet adapted for use with such a device. |
| CN102435822A (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2012-05-02 | 东南大学 | Piezoelectric ceramic-based electronic voltage mutual induction device |
| CN108169630A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-06-15 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of device and method of neutral point ungrounded electric network resonance on-line monitoring |
| CN108169630B (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2023-10-20 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Device and method for on-line monitoring resonance of neutral point ungrounded power grid |
| CN111869025A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2020-10-30 | 西门子股份公司 | Device with a measuring transformer and a surge arrester |
| CN112684236A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-20 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Voltage transformer |
| CN112782464A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-05-11 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Voltage measuring device and method based on piezoelectric ceramic micro-deformation image detection |
| CN113419186A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-09-21 | 同济大学 | Lithium ion power battery internal parameter detection method based on inverse piezoelectric effect |
| CN113533977A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-10-22 | 同济大学 | Method for detecting internal reaction parameters of lithium ion power battery |
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|---|---|
| CN101556861B (en) | 2011-09-28 |
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