CN105527478A - Passive electronic voltage transformer - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于电子式电压互感器的技术领域，具体涉及一种无源电子式电压互感器。The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic voltage transformers, in particular to a passive electronic voltage transformer.
背景技术Background technique
随着国家坚强智能电网的提出，智能变电站已经正式走进电力系统，为电力事业提供服务。其中电压互感器是电力系统中进行电能计量和继电保护的基本测量设备之一，其准确度及可靠性与电力系统的安全、可靠、经济运行密切相关。随着输配电网朝着高电压、大容量方向发展，电力系统在监测、控制及保护等方面的自动化和智能化要求的不断提高，电子式电压互感器有效克服了传统电磁式电压互感器的缺点，具有体积小、重量轻、造价低、暂态性能好、无铁磁谐振、无磁饱和现象、优良的绝缘性能等优点，可以适应电力系统数字化、智能化和网络化的需要。With the proposal of the national strong smart grid, smart substations have officially entered the power system to provide services for the power industry. Among them, the voltage transformer is one of the basic measurement equipment for electric energy measurement and relay protection in the power system, and its accuracy and reliability are closely related to the safe, reliable and economical operation of the power system. With the development of the transmission and distribution network towards high voltage and large capacity, the automation and intelligence requirements of the power system in terms of monitoring, control and protection continue to increase, and the electronic voltage transformer effectively overcomes the limitations of the traditional electromagnetic voltage transformer. Disadvantages, it has the advantages of small size, light weight, low cost, good transient performance, no ferromagnetic resonance, no magnetic saturation phenomenon, excellent insulation performance, etc., and can adapt to the needs of digitalization, intelligence and networking of power systems.
根据传感元件的传感机理，电子式电压互感器可分为光学电压互感器、电阻分压电压互感器和电容分压电压互感器三类。随着智能电网建设的推进，在电子式电压互感器产业化进程中发现，光学电压互感器的传感元件稳定性较差，温度、外磁场、感应灵敏度、可靠性及成本等问题均制约着该类互感器的实用化发展。采用分压原理的的电子式电压互感器一次侧与二次回路之间缺乏有效的电气隔离，同时，电容分压的电子式电压互感器存在电荷滞留造成的暂态问题；电阻分压的电子式电压互感器存在分压电阻值易受外界温度影响及应用电压等级不高等问题。According to the sensing mechanism of the sensing element, electronic voltage transformers can be divided into three types: optical voltage transformers, resistance-dividing voltage transformers and capacitor-dividing voltage transformers. With the advancement of smart grid construction, it is found in the industrialization process of electronic voltage transformers that the sensing elements of optical voltage transformers have poor stability, and problems such as temperature, external magnetic field, induction sensitivity, reliability and cost all restrict The practical development of this type of transformer. Electronic voltage transformers using the principle of voltage division lack effective electrical isolation between the primary side and the secondary circuit. At the same time, electronic voltage transformers with capacitive voltage division have transient problems caused by charge retention; There are problems such as the voltage dividing resistance value is easily affected by the external temperature and the application voltage level is not high.
因此，亟需研制一种新型电子式电压互感器，以降低制造成本和提高电网的稳定性。Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of electronic voltage transformer to reduce manufacturing costs and improve the stability of the power grid.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种新型无源电子式电压互感器，能有效克服现有电子式电压互感器的缺陷，高压侧无需供电，不存在磁饱和问题，并且具有成本低、响应速度快、测量线性度好、测量动态范围宽、测量精度高、暂态性能好、可靠性高和稳定性好等优点。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a new type of passive electronic voltage transformer, which can effectively overcome the defects of existing electronic voltage transformers. The high-voltage side does not need power supply, there is no magnetic saturation problem, and it has low cost, high response It has the advantages of fast speed, good measurement linearity, wide measurement dynamic range, high measurement accuracy, good transient performance, high reliability and good stability.
为了实现这一目的，本发明采取的技术方案是：In order to realize this object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
一种无源电子式电压互感器，包括电容分压器、全光纤电流互感器和数据处理单元；通过采用全光纤电流互感器测量电容分压器的泄露电流间接进行电压的检测；A passive electronic voltage transformer, including a capacitive voltage divider, an all-fiber optic current transformer and a data processing unit; the voltage is detected indirectly by using the all-fiber optic current transformer to measure the leakage current of the capacitive voltage divider;
一、电容分压器包括高压端子、上盖、金属膨胀器、绝缘伞裙、绝缘套筒、高压电容、低压电容、绝缘介质、第一信号输出端子、接地端子、底盖、第二信号输出端子、底座；1. Capacitive voltage divider includes high voltage terminal, upper cover, metal expander, insulating shed, insulating sleeve, high voltage capacitor, low voltage capacitor, insulating medium, first signal output terminal, ground terminal, bottom cover, second signal output terminal, base;
高压端子通过焊接的方式固定在上盖的正上方，用于施加高电压；绝缘套筒内部设置固定在上盖正下方的金属膨胀器，并连接有高压电容和低压电容，低压电容的输出端通过金属铜丝从第一信号输出端子穿出，并缠绕N匝在电流传感环圈的外壳上，金属铜丝的另一端连接至接地端子上，并安装在底座上；绝缘套筒的下端设有底盖，底盖安装在底座上，内部充满绝缘介质；外绝缘的绝缘伞裙采用高温硫化型硅橡胶制成，在绝缘套筒外用模具高温压制而成，以保证电容分压器的绝缘性能；The high-voltage terminal is fixed directly above the upper cover by welding to apply high voltage; the metal expander fixed directly below the upper cover is arranged inside the insulating sleeve, and is connected with a high-voltage capacitor and a low-voltage capacitor, and the output terminal of the low-voltage capacitor Pass through the first signal output terminal through the metal copper wire, and wind N turns on the shell of the current sensing ring, the other end of the metal copper wire is connected to the ground terminal and installed on the base; the lower end of the insulating sleeve There is a bottom cover, which is installed on the base, and the inside is filled with insulating medium; the outer insulating insulating shed is made of high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber, which is pressed with a mold at high temperature outside the insulating sleeve to ensure the stability of the capacitor voltage divider. Insulation properties;
二、全光纤电流互感器包括电流传感环圈、保偏光缆和电气单元；2. The all-fiber optic current transformer includes a current sensing ring, a polarization maintaining optical cable and an electrical unit;
电流传感环圈由依次连接的λ/4光纤波片、传感光纤、反射镜三部分组成；所述电流传感环圈用来敏感穿过其中的电流周围形成的闭合磁场，在两束偏振光间形成相位差；The current sensing loop is composed of three parts: a λ/4 optical fiber wave plate, a sensing fiber, and a mirror connected in sequence; the current sensing loop is used to sense the closed magnetic field formed around the current passing through it. A phase difference is formed between polarized light;
电气单元包括光源、耦合器、起偏器、相位调制器、光电探测器、数字闭环信号处理单元；光源的尾纤以0°熔接耦合器的输入端，耦合器的两个输出端分别连接光电探测器和起偏器的输入端，相位调制器的输入端以45°对轴熔接起偏器的输出端；保偏光缆的两端分别以0°熔接相位调制器的输出端和以45°对轴熔接λ/4光纤波片；The electrical unit includes a light source, a coupler, a polarizer, a phase modulator, a photodetector, and a digital closed-loop signal processing unit; the pigtail of the light source is fused to the input end of the coupler at 0°, and the two output ends of the coupler are respectively connected to the photoelectric The input end of the detector and the polarizer, the input end of the phase modulator are welded to the output end of the polarizer at 45° to the axis; On-axis fusion splicing λ/4 fiber optic wave plate;
光电探测器连接至数字闭环信号处理单元的输入端，数字闭环信号处理单元的一个输出端与相位调制器构成数字闭环，对输出信号进行处理，解调出被测电流；数字闭环信号处理单元的另一输出端连接至数据处理单元，解调出被测电压，通过保偏光缆从第二信号输出端子将电压信息输出给外接终端设备。The photodetector is connected to the input end of the digital closed-loop signal processing unit, and an output end of the digital closed-loop signal processing unit forms a digital closed loop with a phase modulator, which processes the output signal and demodulates the measured current; the digital closed-loop signal processing unit The other output terminal is connected to the data processing unit to demodulate the measured voltage, and output the voltage information from the second signal output terminal to the external terminal equipment through the polarization maintaining optical cable.
进一步的，如上所述的一种无源电子式电压互感器，其中电容分压器为以下两种分压器中的一种：串联电容分压器、同轴电容分压器。Further, the above-mentioned passive electronic voltage transformer, wherein the capacitive voltage divider is one of the following two types of voltage dividers: a series capacitive voltage divider and a coaxial capacitive voltage divider.
进一步的，如上所述的一种无源电子式电压互感器，其中电容分压器采用串联电容分压器时，在电流传感环圈的外壳上缠绕的金属铜丝的匝数N≥300。Further, a passive electronic voltage transformer as described above, wherein when the capacitive voltage divider adopts a series capacitive voltage divider, the number of turns of the metal copper wire wound on the shell of the current sensing ring is N≥300 .
进一步的，如上所述的一种无源电子式电压互感器，其中电容分压器采用同轴电容分压器时，在电流传感环圈的外壳上缠绕的金属铜丝的匝数N≥15000。Further, a passive electronic voltage transformer as described above, wherein when the capacitive voltage divider adopts a coaxial capacitive voltage divider, the number of turns of the metal copper wire wound on the shell of the current sensing ring is N≥ 15000.
进一步的，如上所述的一种无源电子式电压互感器，其中绝缘介质为以下两种材料中的一种：环氧树脂胶、SF6气体。Further, the above-mentioned passive electronic voltage transformer, wherein the insulating medium is one of the following two materials: epoxy resin glue, SF6 gas.
进一步的，如上所述的一种无源电子式电压互感器，其中绝缘介质采用环氧树脂胶时，环氧树脂胶的机械拉断强度大于60MPa，冲击强度大于5.5KJ/m2，介电常数大于2，体积电阻率大于3.00×1012Ω·m。Further, the above-mentioned passive electronic voltage transformer, wherein when the insulating medium is epoxy resin glue, the mechanical breaking strength of the epoxy resin glue is greater than 60MPa, the impact strength is greater than 5.5KJ/m 2 , and the dielectric The constant is greater than 2, and the volume resistivity is greater than 3.00×10 12 Ω·m.
进一步的，如上所述的一种无源电子式电压互感器，其中制备绝缘伞裙的高温硫化型硅橡胶性能指标满足如下要求：抗撕裂强度大于8kN·m-1，机械扯断强度大于4.5MPa，拉断伸长率大于200％，体积电阻率大于2.00×1011Ω·m，直流击穿强度大于45kV·mm-1，4.5级最大蚀损深度小于2.5mm。Furthermore, in the above-mentioned passive electronic voltage transformer, the performance index of the high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber used to prepare the insulating shed meets the following requirements: the tear resistance is greater than 8kN·m -1 , and the mechanical tearing strength is greater than 4.5MPa, the elongation at break is greater than 200%, the volume resistivity is greater than 2.00×10 11 Ω·m, the DC breakdown strength is greater than 45kV·mm -1 , and the maximum corrosion depth of grade 4.5 is less than 2.5mm.
进一步的，如上所述的一种无源电子式电压互感器，其中电流传感环圈的外壳采用非金属材料制作，材料的弯曲模数大于9000MPa，拉伸强度大于60MPa，弯曲强度大于80MPa，高温下尺寸稳定性小于0.3％。Further, a passive electronic voltage transformer as described above, wherein the outer shell of the current sensing ring is made of non-metallic material, the bending modulus of the material is greater than 9000MPa, the tensile strength is greater than 60MPa, and the bending strength is greater than 80MPa, Dimensional stability at high temperature is less than 0.3%.
进一步的，如上所述的一种无源电子式电压互感器，其中电流传感环圈的外壳采用以下两种材料中的一种：环氧树脂、酚醛树脂。Furthermore, in the above-mentioned passive electronic voltage transformer, the shell of the current sensing ring is made of one of the following two materials: epoxy resin and phenolic resin.
进一步的，如上所述的一种无源电子式电压互感器，其中金属铜丝的外表面涂覆绝缘材料，在电流传感环圈外表面进行紧密排列的多层缠绕，层与层之间用绝缘材料隔开。Further, a passive electronic voltage transformer as described above, wherein the outer surface of the metal copper wire is coated with insulating material, and the outer surface of the current sensing ring is wound with multiple layers closely arranged, and the layer between layers separated by insulating material.
本发明所述全光纤电流互感器是一种采用数字闭环信号处理方案的反射型的高精度全光纤电流互感器，它基于安培定律和法拉第效应原理进行电流检测，具有体积小、重量轻、优良的绝缘性能、抗电磁干扰能力强、成本相对较低、动态测量范围大、频率响应范围宽、灵敏度高和测量精度高等优点；在额定电流高于30A时，变比测量精度优于0.2％，相位误差优于10分。The all-fiber-optic current transformer described in the present invention is a reflective high-precision all-fiber-optic current transformer adopting a digital closed-loop signal processing scheme. Excellent insulation performance, strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability, relatively low cost, large dynamic measurement range, wide frequency response range, high sensitivity and high measurement accuracy; when the rated current is higher than 30A, the ratio measurement accuracy is better than 0.2%. The phase error is better than 10 points.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是无源电子式电压互感器原理示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a passive electronic voltage transformer;
图2是全光纤电流互感器原理示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of an all-fiber current transformer.
其中：1－高压端子，2－上盖，3－电容分压器，4－金属膨胀器，5－绝缘伞裙，6－绝缘套筒，7－高压电容，8－低压电容，9－绝缘介质，10－第一信号输出端子，11－全光纤电流互感器，12－金属铜丝，13－电流传感环圈，14－保偏光缆，15－电气单元，16－数据处理单元，17－接地端子，18－底盖，19－第二信号输出端子，20－底座，21－光源，22－耦合器，23－起偏器，24－相位调制器，25－λ/4光纤波片，26－传感光纤，27－反射镜，28－光电探测器，29－数字闭环信号处理单元。Among them: 1 - high voltage terminal, 2 - upper cover, 3 - capacitor voltage divider, 4 - metal expander, 5 - insulating shed, 6 - insulating sleeve, 7 - high voltage capacitor, 8 - low voltage capacitor, 9 - insulation Medium, 10-first signal output terminal, 11-full optical fiber current transformer, 12-metal copper wire, 13-current sensing ring, 14-polarization maintaining optical cable, 15-electrical unit, 16-data processing unit, 17 - Ground terminal, 18 - Bottom cover, 19 - Second signal output terminal, 20 - Base, 21 - Light source, 22 - Coupler, 23 - Polarizer, 24 - Phase modulator, 25 - λ/4 fiber optic wave plate , 26-sensing optical fiber, 27-reflector, 28-photoelectric detector, 29-digital closed-loop signal processing unit.
具体实施方式detailed description
本发明所述无源电子式电压互感器是利用全光纤电流互感器测量高低压间电容分压器的泄露电流来间接进行电压的检测。下面结合附图对本发明的实施例作进一步的说明。The passive electronic voltage transformer of the present invention utilizes an all-fiber optic current transformer to measure the leakage current of a capacitive voltage divider between high and low voltages to detect voltage indirectly. Embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，本发明一种无源电子式电压互感器，包括电容分压器3、全光纤电流互感器11和数据处理单元16；通过采用全光纤电流互感器11测量电容分压器3的泄露电流间接进行电压的检测；As shown in Figure 1, a kind of passive electronic voltage transformer of the present invention comprises capacitive voltage divider 3, all-fiber optic current transformer 11 and data processing unit 16; 3 leakage current for indirect voltage detection;
一、电容分压器3包括高压端子1、上盖2、金属膨胀器4、绝缘伞裙5、绝缘套筒6、高压电容7、低压电容8、绝缘介质9、第一信号输出端子10、接地端子17、底盖18、第二信号输出端子19、底座20；1. Capacitive voltage divider 3 includes high-voltage terminal 1, upper cover 2, metal expander 4, insulating shed 5, insulating sleeve 6, high-voltage capacitor 7, low-voltage capacitor 8, insulating medium 9, first signal output terminal 10, Ground terminal 17, bottom cover 18, second signal output terminal 19, base 20;
顶端的高压端子1采用金属铝材料制作而成，用于施加一次高电压，通过金属焊接的方式固定在金属上盖2的正上方，用于施加高电压；绝缘套筒6内部设置固定在上盖2正下方的金属膨胀器4，并连接有高压电容7和低压电容8，低压电容8的输出端通过金属铜丝12从第一信号输出端子10穿出，并缠绕N匝在电流传感环圈13的外壳上，金属铜丝12的另一端连接至接地端子17上，并安装在底座20上；The high-voltage terminal 1 at the top is made of metal aluminum and is used to apply a high voltage. It is fixed directly above the metal upper cover 2 by metal welding for applying high voltage; the insulating sleeve 6 is fixed inside the upper The metal expander 4 directly under the cover 2 is connected with a high-voltage capacitor 7 and a low-voltage capacitor 8. The output terminal of the low-voltage capacitor 8 passes through the first signal output terminal 10 through a metal copper wire 12, and is wound N turns on the current sensing On the shell of the ring 13, the other end of the metal copper wire 12 is connected to the ground terminal 17 and installed on the base 20;
金属膨胀器4可以缓解温度变化引起高压电容7和低压电容8的电极间距离的变化，引起高压电容7和低压电容8的电容值的变化，使电容分压器3的分压比在高低温变化下发生变化，从而影响系统的测量精度。绝缘套筒6可以屏蔽外界电场，防止外界电场引起高压电容7和低压电容8值的变化，从而影响电容分压器3的测量精度。The metal expander 4 can alleviate the change of the distance between the electrodes of the high-voltage capacitor 7 and the low-voltage capacitor 8 caused by the temperature change, and cause the change of the capacitance value of the high-voltage capacitor 7 and the low-voltage capacitor 8, so that the voltage division ratio of the capacitor voltage divider 3 is between high and low temperature. Changes occur under changes, thereby affecting the measurement accuracy of the system. The insulating sleeve 6 can shield the external electric field and prevent the external electric field from causing changes in the values of the high-voltage capacitor 7 and the low-voltage capacitor 8 , thereby affecting the measurement accuracy of the capacitive voltage divider 3 .
绝缘套筒6的下端设有底盖18，底盖18安装在底座20上，内部充满绝缘介质9；在本具体实施例中，所述绝缘介质9既可以采用环氧树脂胶，也可以采用SF6气体，来保证绝缘套筒6内部的绝缘性能。所述环氧树脂罐封胶需要在常温下进行固化，具有粘度低、流动性好、有光泽、硬度高、良好的绝缘、抗压、粘结强度高等特点。环氧树脂罐封胶的机械拉断强度大于60MPa，冲击强度大于5.5KJ/m2，介电常数大于2，体积电阻率大于3.00×1012Ω·m。所述金属铜丝12的外表面涂覆绝缘材料，并在电流传感环圈13外表面进行紧密排列的多层缠绕，层与层之间用绝缘材料进行隔开，避免发生金属铜丝1之间的电磁干扰和短路现象，影响系统的测量精度及稳定性。The lower end of the insulating sleeve 6 is provided with a bottom cover 18, the bottom cover 18 is installed on the base 20, and the inside is filled with an insulating medium 9; in this specific embodiment, the insulating medium 9 can be either epoxy resin glue or SF6 gas, to ensure the insulation performance of the insulating sleeve 6 inside. The epoxy resin potting glue needs to be cured at room temperature, and has the characteristics of low viscosity, good fluidity, luster, high hardness, good insulation, compression resistance, and high bonding strength. The mechanical breaking strength of the epoxy resin potting glue is greater than 60MPa, the impact strength is greater than 5.5KJ/m 2 , the dielectric constant is greater than 2, and the volume resistivity is greater than 3.00×10 12 Ω·m. The outer surface of the metal copper wire 12 is coated with an insulating material, and the outer surface of the current sensing ring 13 is wound closely arranged in multiple layers, and the layers are separated by an insulating material to avoid the occurrence of metal copper wire 12. The electromagnetic interference and short circuit phenomenon between them will affect the measurement accuracy and stability of the system.
外绝缘的绝缘伞裙5在绝缘套筒6外用模具高温压制而成，以保证电容分压器3的绝缘性能；本具体实施例中，所述外绝缘的绝缘伞裙5采用高温硫化型硅橡胶制成，硅橡胶的性能指标需要满足如下要求：抗撕裂强度大于8kN·m-1，机械扯断强度大于4.5MPa，拉断伸长率大于200％，体积电阻率大于2.00×1011Ω·m，直流击穿强度大于45kV·mm-1，4.5级最大蚀损深度小于2.5mm。The outer insulating insulating shed 5 is formed by high-temperature pressing with a mold outside the insulating sleeve 6 to ensure the insulation performance of the capacitor voltage divider 3; in this specific embodiment, the outer insulating insulating shed 5 is made of high-temperature vulcanized silicon Made of rubber, the performance indicators of silicone rubber need to meet the following requirements: tear strength greater than 8kN·m -1 , mechanical tear strength greater than 4.5MPa, elongation at break greater than 200%, volume resistivity greater than 2.00×10 11 Ω·m, the DC breakdown strength is greater than 45kV·mm -1 , and the maximum corrosion depth of grade 4.5 is less than 2.5mm.
二、全光纤电流互感器11包括电流传感环圈13、保偏光缆14和电气单元15；2. The all-fiber optic current transformer 11 includes a current sensing ring 13, a polarization maintaining optical cable 14 and an electrical unit 15;
如图2所示，电流传感环圈13由依次连接的λ/4光纤波片25、传感光纤26、反射镜27三部分组成；所述电流传感环圈13用来敏感穿过其中的电流周围形成的闭合磁场，在两束偏振光间形成相位差；As shown in Fig. 2, the current sensing loop 13 is composed of three parts: a λ/4 optical fiber wave plate 25, a sensing fiber 26, and a mirror 27 connected in sequence; the current sensing loop 13 is used to sensitively pass through the The closed magnetic field formed around the electric current forms a phase difference between the two beams of polarized light;
本具体实施例中，所述电流传感环圈13的外壳采用非金属材料制作，内部不含任何金属材质的器件，这样可以避免铁磁谐振和磁滞饱和现象。非金属材料即可以是环氧树脂，也可以是酚醛树脂，要保证材料的弯曲模数大于9000MPa，拉伸强度大于60MPa，弯曲强度大于80MPa，高温下尺寸稳定性小于0.3％。In this specific embodiment, the outer casing of the current sensing loop 13 is made of non-metallic materials, and does not contain any metal components inside, so as to avoid ferromagnetic resonance and hysteresis saturation. The non-metallic material can be epoxy resin or phenolic resin. It is necessary to ensure that the bending modulus of the material is greater than 9000MPa, the tensile strength is greater than 60MPa, the bending strength is greater than 80MPa, and the dimensional stability at high temperature is less than 0.3%.
电气单元15包括光源21、耦合器22、起偏器23、相位调制器24、光电探测器28、数字闭环信号处理单元29；光源21的尾纤以0°熔接耦合器22的输入端，耦合器22的两个输出端分别连接光电探测器28和起偏器23的输入端，相位调制器24的输入端以45°对轴熔接起偏器23的输出端；保偏光缆14的两端分别以0°熔接相位调制器24的输出端和以45°对轴熔接λ/4光纤波片25；The electrical unit 15 includes a light source 21, a coupler 22, a polarizer 23, a phase modulator 24, a photodetector 28, and a digital closed-loop signal processing unit 29; The two output ends of the device 22 are respectively connected to the input ends of the photodetector 28 and the polarizer 23, and the input end of the phase modulator 24 is welded to the output end of the polarizer 23 with 45° to the axis; the two ends of the polarization maintaining optical cable 14 The output end of the phase modulator 24 is fused at 0° and the λ/4 fiber wave plate 25 is fused axially at 45°;
光电探测器28连接至数字闭环信号处理单元29的输入端，数字闭环信号处理单元29的一个输出端与相位调制器24构成数字闭环，对输出信号进行处理，解调出被测电流；数字闭环信号处理单元29的另一输出端连接至数据处理单元16，解调出被测电压，通过保偏光缆14从第二信号输出端子19将电压信息输出给外接终端设备。The photodetector 28 is connected to the input end of the digital closed-loop signal processing unit 29, and an output end of the digital closed-loop signal processing unit 29 forms a digital closed loop with the phase modulator 24, processes the output signal, and demodulates the measured current; the digital closed loop The other output end of the signal processing unit 29 is connected to the data processing unit 16 to demodulate the measured voltage, and output the voltage information from the second signal output terminal 19 to an external terminal device through the polarization maintaining optical cable 14 .
本具体实施例中，电容分压器3可以是串联电容分压器，也可以是同轴电容分压器；针对上述两种电容分压器，通过控制缠绕金属铜丝的匝数N来确保电压的测量精度；如果采用串联电容分压器，泄露电流较大，可达100mA左右，只要保证铜丝的缠绕匝数在300匝以上，等效电流高于30A，即可满足电子式电压互感器0.2/5P的测量精度；如果采用同轴电容分压器，泄露电流较小，仅能达到2mA左右，因而可以通过增加铜丝的缠绕匝数，保证缠绕匝数多于15000匝，等效电流高于30A，即可满足电子式电压互感器0.2/5P的测量精度。In this specific embodiment, the capacitive voltage divider 3 can be a series capacitive voltage divider or a coaxial capacitive voltage divider; for the above two kinds of capacitive voltage dividers, it is ensured by controlling the number of turns N of the winding metal copper wire Voltage measurement accuracy; if a series capacitive voltage divider is used, the leakage current is large, up to about 100mA, as long as the number of winding turns of copper wire is more than 300 turns, and the equivalent current is higher than 30A, the electronic voltage mutual inductance can be satisfied. The measurement accuracy of the device is 0.2/5P; if a coaxial capacitor voltage divider is used, the leakage current is small and can only reach about 2mA, so the number of winding turns of the copper wire can be increased to ensure that the number of winding turns is more than 15000 turns, which is equivalent to The current is higher than 30A, which can meet the measurement accuracy of electronic voltage transformer 0.2/5P.
当在电容分压器3的高压端子1上施加一次电压U时，电容分压器3会产生泄漏电流I0，其关系可以表示为：When a primary voltage U is applied to the high-voltage terminal 1 of the capacitive voltage divider 3, the capacitive voltage divider 3 will generate a leakage current I 0 , and its relationship can be expressed as:
I0＝aU(4)I 0 =aU(4)
其中a为常数，与高压电容7和低压电容8有关。Where a is a constant, which is related to the high-voltage capacitor 7 and the low-voltage capacitor 8 .
通过多层紧密缠绕N匝金属铜丝12在电流传感环圈13的外壳上，这样通过电流传感环圈13的等效电流I可以表示为：By tightly winding N turns of metal copper wire 12 on the shell of the current sensing ring 13 through multiple layers, the equivalent current I passing through the current sensing ring 13 can be expressed as:
I＝NI0(5)I = NI 0 (5)
如果采用串联电容分压器，保证金属铜丝12的缠绕匝数N多于300匝；如果采用同轴电容分压器，保证金属铜丝12的缠绕匝数N多于15000匝。If a series capacitive voltage divider is used, ensure that the winding number N of the metal copper wire 12 is more than 300 turns; if a coaxial capacitor voltage divider is used, ensure that the winding number N of the metal copper wire 12 is more than 15000 turns.
由公示(4)和(5)可以得到：From the publicity (4) and (5), we can get:
由公式(6)可知，只要通过高精度全光纤电流互感器11测量出通过电流传感环圈13的等效电流I就可以得到被测一次电压U。具体方法是：全光纤电流互感器11的电流信息输出至数据处理单元16，通过积分运算便可解调出被测一次电压U，并通过光缆从第二信号输出端子19将电压信息输出给外接终端设备。It can be known from formula (6) that the measured primary voltage U can be obtained as long as the equivalent current I passing through the current sensing ring 13 is measured through the high-precision all-fiber-optic current transformer 11 . The specific method is: the current information of the all-optical current transformer 11 is output to the data processing unit 16, and the measured primary voltage U can be demodulated through the integral operation, and the voltage information is output from the second signal output terminal 19 to an external connection through an optical cable. Terminal Equipment.
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