CN101549362A - Small-scale magnesium alloy bar pipe hot extrusion shaping mold - Google Patents
Small-scale magnesium alloy bar pipe hot extrusion shaping mold Download PDFInfo
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- CN101549362A CN101549362A CNA2009101038147A CN200910103814A CN101549362A CN 101549362 A CN101549362 A CN 101549362A CN A2009101038147 A CNA2009101038147 A CN A2009101038147A CN 200910103814 A CN200910103814 A CN 200910103814A CN 101549362 A CN101549362 A CN 101549362A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a small-scale magnesium alloy bar pipe hot extrusion shaping mold, including an upper and a lower die holders, a squeezing barrel, a male die, a concave die and the like, wherein, the squeezing barrel adopts a two-layer pre-stress composite structure opened with thermometer holes, a thermal insulation sleeve is provided outside the barrel, the concave die is fixed on the lower die holder by the conjunction of a squeezing barrel, the squeezing barrel, the thermal insulation sleeve and the concave die are fastened by the upper and lower die holders; the male die directly contacts the inner wall of the squeezing barrel in transition conjunction, the upper end of the pressing stem is provided with a spacing press head to ensure that the male die is not directly pressed on the concave die. The invention can produce a variety of specifications for small-size magnesium alloy rod pipes by a simple die change, which has features of high material utilization, uniform blank deformation, small extruding force, high products dimensional precision and surface accuracy. The invention also advantages of simple mold structure, easy operation, low cost, long life and so on.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the hot-pressed technology of magnesium alloy, be specially a kind of small-scale magnesium alloy bar pipe hot extrusion shaping mold, be used for magnesium alloy hot extrusion manufacture field.
Background technology
Magnesium alloy has that specific strength and specific stiffness height, damping vibration attenuation are good, electromagnetic shielding and capability of resistance to radiation is strong, easily machining, easy series of advantages such as recoverys, has important use value and wide application prospect in fields such as automobile, electronics, electrical equipment, traffic, space flight, aviation and national defense and military industry.But the magnesium alloy slip system is few under the normal temperature, the plastic deformation difficulty, and most of products obtain by casting, have that crystal grain is thick, mechanical property is relatively poor, easily produce shortcoming such as defective, have limited Application of Magnesium greatly.Magnesium alloy ingot can effectively be improved the microstructure of magnesium alloy after by forging, extruding, plastic deformation processing such as rolling, eliminate casting flaw, improve the mechanical property of alloy.
Compare with rolling with forging, by the method for hot extrusion cast magnesium alloy is carried out deformation processing and have stronger three-dimensional compressive stress state, help bringing into play its maximum plasticity; Product size precision height, surface quality is good; Flexible and convenient operation, product variety is many, specification is many, becomes one of technology that is most widely used in the magnesium alloy plastic working moulding.Usually magnesium alloy seamless pipe or bar hot extrusion are to carry out on the horizontal extruder of tape punching device or not tape punching device, need large-scale extrusion equipment and temperature regulating device, and die size is big, complex structure, and forming process is many, the production cost height.For the extruding of diameter less than the small-scale magnesium alloy bar pipe of 10mm, also there are problems such as extruding force is big, production efficiency is low, the tube wall thickness difference is big, existing horizontal extruder can not well adapt to the production of small-scale magnesium alloy bar pipe, the especially production of high accuracy Mg alloy thin wall tubule.
Summary of the invention
At the prior art above shortcomings, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of small-scale magnesium alloy bar pipe hot extrusion shaping mold, by simple die change, both can produce the small-scale magnesium alloy bar material of different size, also can produce high-precision small-scale magnesium alloy tubing.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of small-scale magnesium alloy bar pipe hot extrusion shaping mold, comprise upper bolster, die shoe, recipient, punch and die, it is characterized in that: described die is fixed on the die shoe by the recipient cooperation, die is provided with the die cavity concentric with recipient, and recipient and die are fastening by upper bolster and die shoe; Punch adopts interference fits directly to contact with the recipient inwall.
Described recipient is made of recipient liner and recipient overcoat, both interference hot chargings cooperate, described recipient liner outside dimension is 1.5～1.8 times of internal diameter, and recipient overcoat outside dimension is 2.0～2.2 times of internal diameter, and the assembling magnitude of interference is 0.002～0.003 times of recipient liner external diameter.Be provided with muff at the recipient outer casing outer wall, muff, recipient overcoat and recipient liner are provided with the thermometer hole of the through die outer wall of perforation, are convenient to insert the variations in temperature that temperature measuring equipment is measured the die outer wall.
Push bar-shaped used for magnesium alloy punch and be made of one-body molded coaxial pressure ram and extrusion axis, for the resistance of reducing friction, the pressure ram diameter is slightly smaller than the extrusion axis diameter; Extrusion axis and recipient inwall interference fits adopt 25 ° of taper angle structures with the blank contact-making surface.
Extruded tubular used for magnesium alloy punch is made of one-body molded coaxial pressure ram, extrusion axis and extruding pin, extrusion axis is between pressure ram and extruding pin, pressure ram and extruding pin diameter are less than the extrusion axis diameter, extrusion axis and recipient inwall interference fits, extrusion axis adopts 25 ° of taper angles and arc transition with extruding pin binding site; The extruding pin gos deep in the concave die cavity, with concave die cavity looping extruded hole.Extruding pin diameter is 4～8mm, and is convenient in order to move back mould, and the employing tapering is 0.3 ° a tapered configuration.
Described pressure ram upper end is provided with the spacing pressure head that prevents that extrusion axis and die from directly contacting.Spacing being of a size of when punch directly contacts with die of pressure head is positioned at the outer pressure ram length of recipient, guarantees that punch directly is not pressed on the die in the extrusion process, not only reduces clout but also prevent to damage die.
The mould taper angle of going into of described die is 30 °, and it is the round-corner transition of 4～6mm that radius is adopted in die closing in place, and cavity dimension is 2～10mm, and the die monnolithic case is an inverted T shape.
Described die shoe is provided with round boss, and the recipient lower end is provided with the circular counter bore corresponding with round boss, and recipient tightly is enclosed within on the round boss by circular counter bore.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is:
1, adopting mould of the present invention can produce magnesium alloy rod or the external diameter that diameter is Φ 2～10mm smoothly is that 5～10mm, internal diameter are the magnesium alloy pipe of 4～8mm, production cost is low, the stock utilization height, and blank deformation is even, extruding force is little, and product size precision height, surface quality are good.
2, mould structure is simple, and is easy to use, with low cost, long service life.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1-extrusion magnesium alloy pipe mold structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2-used punch structure the schematic diagram of extrusion magnesium alloy bar of the present invention;
Fig. 3-die structural representation of the present invention;
The Mg alloy thin wall tubule that Fig. 4-employing mould of the present invention squeezes out (embodiment 1);
The magnesium alloy fine rod that Fig. 5-employing mould of the present invention squeezes out (embodiment 2).
Among the figure: the 1-upper bolster; 2-recipient liner; 3-recipient overcoat; The 4-muff; The 5-bolt; The 6-thermometer hole; The 7-die shoe; The spacing pressure head of 8-; The 9-pressure ram; The 10-extrusion axis; 11-pushes pin; The 12-die; The 13-die cavity; The 14-pod apertures.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
The mould that the present invention relates to mainly is made up of upper bolster 1, die shoe 7, punch, die 12, recipient 2,3 and muff 4 etc., referring to Fig. 1.Die 12 is fixed on the die shoe 7 by the recipient cooperation, make things convenient for die change, die 12 is provided with the die cavity 13 concentric with recipient, recipient 2,3 is fixed between upper bolster 1 and the die shoe 7, punch adopts interference fits directly to contact with the recipient endoporus, to guarantee the alignment of punch and recipient.
Recipient is made of recipient liner 2 and recipient overcoat 3, and two-layer interference hot charging cooperates, to improve intensity, economical with materials.Described die shoe is provided with round boss, and recipient overcoat lower end is provided with the circular counter bore corresponding with round boss, and the recipient overcoat tightly is enclosed within on the round boss by circular counter bore.The present invention is according to press tonnage, goods specification, definite recipient liner working diameter D such as the extrusion ratio scope that allows, recipient liner outer diameter D
1Meet D
1/ D=1.5～1.8, the ratio of recipient overcoat external diameter and internal diameter meets D
2/ D
1'=2.0～2.2, the magnitude of interference of recipient liner and recipient overcoat mating surface meets δ=D
1'-D
1=0.002D
1～0.003D
1
On recipient overcoat 3 outer walls, be arranged with spun-glass insulation cover 4, prevent that the cooling of extrusion process mould is too fast.In order to grasp the actual temperature of extrusion process die, so that adjusting extrusion speed, muff 4, recipient overcoat 3 and recipient liner 2 are provided with the thermometer hole 6 about the 3mm of through die outer wall of perforation, insert the variations in temperature that temperature measuring equipment (as the portable thermoelectric idol) is measured the die outer wall in real time in the thermometer hole.
The described punch of technical solution of the present invention adopts monolithic construction.The used punch of extruding small-scale magnesium alloy seamless pipe is made of one-body molded coaxial pressure ram 9, extrusion axis 10 and extruding pin 11 from top to bottom, see Fig. 1, pressure ram 9 and extruding pin 11 diameters are less than extrusion axis 10 diameters, extrusion axis 10 is positioned at recipient liner and recipient liner 2 inwall interference fits, forms annular moulding hole with it in the die cavity 13 that extruding pin 11 inserts on the die.This programme is simple in structure, is convenient to make, and can guarantee the alignment of plug and punch, avoids machine to add and assemble the tube wall thickness difference that causes misalignment of axe to cause increasing.Extrusion axis 10 adopts 25 ° of taper angles and arc transition with extruding pin 11 binding sites, not only can reduce clout, makes its distortion more even thereby can also make blank be subjected to bigger radial compression power.The extrusion axis front end directly contacts blank during extruding, saves the extruding pad, has so just shortened the punch height, can prevent that also blank from being extruded by counter.Extruding pin 11 diameters are 4～8mm, and are convenient in order to move back mould, axially adopt 0.3 ° tapering.More than design all helps to improve the precision of extruding small size tubing.
The used punch structure of extrusion magnesium alloy bar is more simple, it is made of one-body molded coaxial pressure ram 9 and extrusion axis 10 from top to bottom, pressure ram 9 diameters are less than extrusion axis 10 diameters, extrusion axis 10 is positioned at recipient liner and recipient liner 2 inwall interference fits, extrusion axis 10 lower ends adopt 25 ° of taper angles to handle, promptly lacked extruding pin part, seen Fig. 2 than the used punch of extrusion magnesium alloy seamless pipe.
Die 12 of the present invention adopts the individual layer overall structure.See Fig. 3, in order to be beneficial to metal flow, reduce extruding force, improve die life, the mould conicity angles alpha of going into of die adopts 30 °, it is the round-corner transition of 4～6mm that radius is adopted in die closing in place, and the calibrating strap length L is selected 1.8～2.2mm, and cavity dimension is Φ 5～10mm (effective) or Φ 2～10mm (rod is used).In order to reduce frictional resistance, die cavity lower guide discharge orifice 14 suitably amplifies 1～2mm.In order better to cooperate with recipient, reduce on the die shoe unit pressure and move back the mould die change convenient thereby enlarge loaded area, the die monnolithic case is designed to inverted T shape.
Mould provided by the invention can use on common vertical hydraulic press.Pressure ram 9 upper ends are provided with the spacing pressure head 8 that prevents that punch (extrusion axis) and die from directly contacting, and when blank in the recipient will squeeze, one of spacing pressure head 8 corrected and is stuck on the recipient, has both reduced clout, prevent that again punch from continuing to press down the damage die.After extruding is finished, unload lower limit pressure head 8 and die shoe 7, continue to depress punch, it is withdrawed from from the recipient lower end with die 12, clout.According to the specification requirement of the excellent pipe of extruding, punch and die by the extruding of tape swapping different size more pin can push the magnesium alloy bar pipe of plurality of specifications.
Punch of the present invention, die and recipient adopt 3Cr2W8V die steel material commonly used manufacturing, through oil quenching and repeatedly temper number reach 50～52HRC.In order to reduce the cost of mould, pressure head and up and down die holder etc. partly adopt common 45 steels to make.
During work, recipient 2,3, muff 4 and die 12 are fastening by upper bolster 1, die shoe 7 usefulness bolts 5, install blank, punch successively above the die in the recipient, hydraulic press loads the pressure head that is enclosed within on the pressure ram, flow out the extruded hole that the plastic deformation of the stressed process of blank forms between punch and die, be shaped to magnesium alloy seamless pipe or magnesium alloy bar.
Below provide the specific embodiment of two preparations.
Embodiment 1 (present embodiment extruding external diameter is that 8mm, internal diameter are the Mg alloy thin wall tubule of 6mm)
Present embodiment mould therefor structure as shown in Figure 1, recipient liner 2 internal diameters are 20mm, extruding pin 11 diameters are 6mm, die 12 die cavity diameters are 8mm, mould extrusion process is as follows:
(1) adopting machined that magnesium alloy blank car is become external diameter is that 19.9mm, internal diameter are the hollow cylinder of 6.1mm, removes chip and burr, evenly applies lubricant at surfaces externally and internally; The clean back of punch, die 12 and recipient liner 2 inner wall cleanings is evenly applied lubricant.
(2) recipient liner 2 is fixed on die 12 on the die shoe 7 by cooperating, punch extruding pin 11 passes the endoporus of hollow blank, place recipient liner 2, extruding pin 11 front ends stretch into die 12 moulding hole certain depths, form an annular extrusion orifice with concave die cavity.Put muff 4 on the recipient overcoat 3, press upper bolster 1, with bolt 5 that mould is fastening.
(3) mold integral that blank will be housed places the heat-treatment furnace preheating, considers the heat radiation of mould, sets preheat temperature than the high 10-20 of extrusion temperature ℃, is incubated 1～2 hour.Fully take out mould after the preheating and place on the vertical hydraulic machine worktable, pressure ram 9 upper ends cover upper limit pressure head 8, the cushion block of die shoe 7 usefulness hollows is propped, and is convenient to extruded tube and draws.Thermocouple is put in thermometer hole 6 until probe contact die 12 outer walls, measure the temperature of die in real time.When temperature is reduced to design load, start hydraulic press, depress punch and be stuck on the recipient liner 2, stop extruding until pressure head 8.The die variations in temperature that records according to thermocouple in the extrusion process is adjusted extrusion speed in good time, is in the isothermal squeezed state to guarantee blank.
(4) unload lower limit pressure head 8 and die shoe 7, continue to press down punch, it is withdrawed from from recipient liner 2 lower ends with die 12, clout, cooling back extruded tube comes off from die 12 automatically, and the cleaning mould for future use.
Extruding force is less in the present embodiment extrusion process, and maximum extrusion pressure has only 156KN.The cup-shaped clout seldom, 1% of not enough blank.The Mg alloy thin wall tubule smooth surface that obtains, the tube wall thickness difference is less than 0.05mm, and its tubing material object is as shown in Figure 4.
Embodiment 2 (present embodiment extruding diameter is the magnesium alloy rod of 8mm)
Present embodiment mould therefor structure just changes punch among Fig. 1 into punch shown in Figure 2 and gets final product.The assembling of mould and extrusion process and embodiment 1 all fours, difference are blank is machined to the cylinder that diameter is 19.9mm, in the recipient of directly packing into behind the coating lubricant, press the punch extruding.
Extruding force is very little in the present embodiment extrusion process, and maximum extrusion pressure has only 98KN.The taper clout is about 2% of blank.The magnesium alloy fine rod smooth surface that obtains, it pushes excellent material object as shown in Figure 5.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of small-scale magnesium alloy bar pipe hot extrusion shaping mold, comprise upper bolster (1), die shoe (7), recipient (2,3), punch and die (12), it is characterized in that: described die (12) is fixed on the die shoe (7) by the recipient cooperation, die (12) is provided with the die cavity concentric with recipient (13), and recipient (2,3) and die (12) are fastening by upper bolster (1) and die shoe (7); Punch adopts interference fits directly to contact with the recipient inwall.
2, small-scale magnesium alloy bar pipe hot extrusion shaping mold according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described recipient is made of recipient liner (2) and recipient overcoat (3), both interference hot chargings cooperate, be provided with muff (4) at recipient overcoat (3) outer wall, muff (4), recipient overcoat (3) and recipient liner (2) are provided with the thermometer hole (6) of the through die outer wall of perforation, are convenient to insert the variations in temperature that temperature measuring equipment is measured the die outer wall.
3, small-scale magnesium alloy bar pipe hot extrusion shaping mold according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described recipient liner (2) outside dimension is 1.5～1.8 times of internal diameter, recipient overcoat (3) outside dimension is 2.0～2.2 times of internal diameter, and the assembling magnitude of interference is 0.002～0.003 times of recipient liner external diameter.
4, according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described small-scale magnesium alloy bar pipe hot extrusion shaping molds, it is characterized in that: described punch is made of one-body molded coaxial pressure ram (9) and extrusion axis (10), and pressure ram (9) diameter is less than extrusion axis (10) diameter; Extrusion axis (10) and recipient inwall interference fits adopt 25 ° of taper angle structures with the blank contact-making surface.
5, according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described small-scale magnesium alloy bar pipe hot extrusion shaping molds, it is characterized in that: described punch is made of one-body molded coaxial pressure ram (9), extrusion axis (10) and extruding pin (11), pressure ram (9) and extruding pin (11) diameter are less than extrusion axis (10) diameter, extrusion axis and recipient inwall interference fits, extruding pin (11) gos deep in the concave die cavity (13), with concave die cavity (13) looping extruded hole.
6, small-scale magnesium alloy bar pipe hot extrusion shaping mold according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described extrusion axis (10) adopts 25 ° of taper angles and arc transition with extruding pin (11) binding site; Extruding pin (11) employing tapering is 0.3 ° a tapered configuration.
7, small-scale magnesium alloy bar pipe hot extrusion shaping mold according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described pressure ram (9) upper end is provided with the spacing pressure head (8) that prevents that extrusion axis (10) and die (12) from directly contacting.
8, small-scale magnesium alloy bar pipe hot extrusion shaping mold according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described pressure ram (9) upper end is provided with the spacing pressure head (8) that prevents that extrusion axis (10) and die (12) from directly contacting.
9, according to claim 6 or 7 or 8 described small-scale magnesium alloy bar pipe hot extrusion shaping molds, it is characterized in that: the mould taper angle of going into of described die (12) is 30 °, it is the round-corner transition of 4～6mm that radius is adopted in die closing in place, and the die monnolithic case is an inverted T shape.
10, small-scale magnesium alloy bar pipe hot extrusion shaping mold according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: described die shoe is provided with round boss, the recipient lower end is provided with the circular counter bore corresponding with round boss, and recipient tightly is enclosed within on the round boss by circular counter bore.
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| CN2009101038147A CN101549362B (en) | 2009-05-08 | 2009-05-08 | Small-scale magnesium alloy bar pipe hot extrusion shaping mold |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009101038147A CN101549362B (en) | 2009-05-08 | 2009-05-08 | Small-scale magnesium alloy bar pipe hot extrusion shaping mold |
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| CN101549362B CN101549362B (en) | 2011-02-02 |
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| CN102266873A (en) * | 2011-07-12 | 2011-12-07 | 北京工业大学 | Two-stage backward extrusion device and extrusion method for Mg-Gd-Er-Zr alloy |
| CN102427894A (en) * | 2009-05-19 | 2012-04-25 | Lkr轻金属能力中心兰斯霍芬有限责任公司 | Method for producing a small thin-walled tube from a magnesium alloy |
| CN102896465A (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2013-01-30 | 西南铝业（集团）有限责任公司 | Assembly method of extrusion container |
| CN107159737A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-09-15 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of extruder |
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| US9227235B2 (en) | 2009-05-19 | 2016-01-05 | Lkr Leichtmetallkompetenzzentrum Ranshofen Gmbh | Method for producing a small thin-walled tube from a magnesium alloy |
| CN102266873A (en) * | 2011-07-12 | 2011-12-07 | 北京工业大学 | Two-stage backward extrusion device and extrusion method for Mg-Gd-Er-Zr alloy |
| CN102896465A (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2013-01-30 | 西南铝业（集团）有限责任公司 | Assembly method of extrusion container |
| CN107262547A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-10-20 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of temperature intelligence controlling device of extruder Isothermal Extrusion |
| CN107159737A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-09-15 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of extruder |
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