CN101542086B - 内燃机的排气净化装置 - Google Patents
内燃机的排气净化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101542086B CN101542086B CN2008800004575A CN200880000457A CN101542086B CN 101542086 B CN101542086 B CN 101542086B CN 2008800004575 A CN2008800004575 A CN 2008800004575A CN 200880000457 A CN200880000457 A CN 200880000457A CN 101542086 B CN101542086 B CN 101542086B
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- fuel
- catalyzer
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- occlusion
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 192
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 23
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- RZCJYMOBWVJQGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthyloxyacetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(OCC(=O)O)=CC=C21 RZCJYMOBWVJQGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 231100001143 noxa Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101100310662 Homo sapiens SOX21 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102100030247 Transcription factor SOX-21 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical group [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 Nitrate ion Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明在内燃机中的内燃机排气通路内配置有SOx捕集催化剂(12)、NOx吸藏催化剂(14)和燃料添加阀15。在为了从NOx吸藏催化剂(14)放出NOx而使流入到NOx吸藏催化剂(14)中的排气的空燃比为理论空燃比或浓时，向燃烧室(2)内供给追加的燃料，同时由燃料添加阀(15)添加燃料。此时，向燃烧室(2)内追加的燃料量被控制以使得在不从SOx捕集催化剂(12)放出SOx的范围内从燃烧室(2)排出的排气的空燃比变为最小。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及内燃机的排气净化装置。
背景技术
已公知下述的内燃机：在内燃机排气通路内配置在流入的排气(废气)的空燃比为稀薄时吸藏排气中所含有的NOx，在流入的排气的空燃比变为理论空燃比或浓时放出所吸藏的NOx的NOx吸藏催化剂，并在NOx吸藏催化剂上游的内燃机排气通路内配置燃料添加阀，例如在应该将NOx吸藏催化剂升温时，组合使用向燃烧室内供给追加的燃料、由燃料添加阀添加燃料等几种升温手段以使得NOx吸藏催化剂最适当地升温(参照日本特开2003-120392号公报)。
然而，在为了使NOx从NOx吸藏催化剂中放出而使流入到NOx吸藏催化剂中的排气的空燃比为浓的场合，通过向燃烧室内供给追加的燃料使排气的空燃比为浓的情况，与通过由燃料添加阀添加燃料来使排气的空燃比为浓的情况相比，排气总体的氧浓度降低，因此NOx可从NOx净化催化剂中良好地放出并被还原。因此，为了使NOx从NOx净化催化剂中放出，优选利用被供给到燃烧室内的追加的燃料来使排气的空燃比减小。
另一方面，在NOx吸藏催化剂的上游配置能够捕获排气中所含有的SOx的SOx捕集催化剂的场合，可利用该SOx捕集催化剂阻止SOx流入到NOx吸藏催化剂中。在使用这样的SOx捕集催化剂的场合，必须极力避免从SOx捕集催化剂中放出SOx，但存在根据流入到SOx捕集催化剂中的排气的空燃比有时放出SOx的危险性。该场合，与NOx吸藏催化剂同样，即使是SOx捕集催化剂，在追加的燃料被供给到燃烧室内的情况下，与燃料由燃料添加阀添加的情况相比，SOx更容易被放出。
因此，为了同时地实现确保从NOx吸藏催化剂良好地放出NOx的作用和阻止从SOx捕集催化剂中放出SOx，优选向燃烧室内供给追加的燃料，同时由燃料添加阀添加燃料的不足部分，以使得在不从SOx捕集催化剂放出SOx的范围内从燃烧室排出的排气的空燃比变为最小。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供能够阻止SOx从SOx捕集催化剂中放出，同时可使NOx从NOx吸藏催化剂中良好地放出的内燃机的排气净化装置。
根据本发明，提供一种内燃机的排气净化装置，所述内燃机在内燃机排气通路内配置有能够捕获排气中所含有的SOx的SOx捕集催化剂，在SOx捕集催化剂下游的排气通路内配置有在流入的排气的空燃比为稀薄时吸藏排气中所含有的NOx，在流入的排气的空燃比变为理论空燃比或浓时放出所吸藏的NOx的NOx吸藏催化剂，在该内燃机中，在NOx吸藏催化剂上游的内燃机排气通路内配置用于添加燃料的燃料添加阀，在为了从NOx吸藏催化剂中放出NOx而使流入到NOx吸藏催化剂中的排气的空燃比为理论空燃比或浓时，向燃烧室内供给所追加的燃料，同时由燃料添加阀添加燃料，此时向燃烧室内追加的燃料量和由燃料添加阀添加的燃料量被控制以使得在不从SOx捕集催化剂放出SOx的范围内从燃料室排出的排气的空燃比变为最小。
附图说明
图1是压缩点火式内燃机的整体图；图2是NOx吸藏催化剂的催化剂载体的表面部分的剖面图；图3是SOx捕集催化剂的基体的表面部分的剖面图；图4是表示追加燃料和添加燃料的供给例的图；图5是表示从燃烧室排出的排气的目标空燃比等的图；图6是用于进行排气净化处理的流程图；图7是表示吸藏NOx量NOXA的图等的图；图8是表示压缩点火式内燃机的另一实施例的整体图；图9是表示从燃烧室排出的排气的目标空燃比的图；图10是表示从燃烧室排出的排气的目标空燃比等的图。
具体实施方式
图1表示压缩点火式内燃机的整体图。
参照图1，图中符号分别表示如下：1-内燃机主体、2-各气缸的燃烧室、3-用于向各燃烧室内分别喷射燃料的电子控制式燃料喷射阀、4-吸气岐管、5-排气岐管。吸气岐管4通过吸气导管6与排气涡轮增压器7的压缩机7a的出口连接，压缩机7a的入口通过吸入空气量检测器8与空气滤清器9连接。在吸气导管6内配置有由步进电动机驱动的节气门10，而且在吸气导管6周围配置有用于将在吸气导管6内流动的吸入空气冷却的冷却装置11。在图1表示的实施例中，内燃机冷却水被导入到冷却装置11内，吸入空气被内燃机冷却水冷却。
另一方面，排气岐管5与排气涡轮增压器7的排气涡轮7b的入口连接，排气涡轮7b的出口与SOx捕集催化剂12的入口连接。另外，SOx捕集催化剂12的出口通过排气管13与NOx吸藏催化剂14连接。在排气岐管5内配置有用于向在排气岐管5内流动的排气中添加燃料的燃料添加阀15。
排气岐管5和吸气岐管4通过排气再循环(以下称为EGR)通路16相互连接，在EGR通路16内配置有电子控制式EGR控制阀17。并且在EGR通路16周围配置有用于将在EGR通路16内流动的EGR气体冷却的冷却装置18。在图1表示的实施例中，内燃机冷却水被导入到冷却装置18内，EGR气体被内燃机冷却水冷却。另外，各燃料喷射阀3通过燃料供给管19与共轨((Common Rail))20连接。燃料由电子控制式的喷出量可变的燃料泵21向该共轨20内供给，供给到共轨20内的燃料，经由各燃料供给管19供给到燃料喷射阀3。
电子控制单元30包括数字计算机，具有由双向性总线31相互连接的ROM(只读存储器)32、RAM(随机存储器)33、CPU(微处理器)34，输入端口35和输出端口36。在SOx捕集催化剂12上安装有用于检测SOx捕集催化剂12的温度的温度传感器22，该温度传感器22的输出信号通过对应的AD转换器37输入到输入端口35中。另外，在油门踏板40上连接有发生与油门踏板40的踏进量L成比例的输出电压的负荷传感器41，负荷传感器41的输出电压通过对应的AD转换器37输入至输入端口35。此外，在输入端口35上连接有每当曲轴旋转例如15°就发生输出脉冲的曲轴转角传感器42。另一方面，输出端口36通过对应的驱动电路38与燃料喷射阀3、节气门10的驱动用步进电动机、燃料添加阀15、EGR控制阀17和燃料泵21连接。
首先，对图1所示的NOx吸藏催化剂14进行说明。在该NOx吸藏催化剂14的基体上担载有例如包含氧化铝的催化剂载体，图2图解示出该催化剂载体45的表面部分的剖面。如图2所示，在该催化剂载体45的表面上分散地担载有贵金属催化剂46，而且在催化剂载体45的表面上形成有NOx吸收剂47的层。
在本发明的实施例中，作为贵金属催化剂46可使用铂(Pt)，作为构成NOx吸收剂47的成分，可使用例如选自钾(K)、钠(Na)、铯(Cs)之类的碱金属、钡(Ba)、钙(Ca)之类的碱土类、镧(Ca)、钇(Y)之类的稀土类中的至少一种。
当将供给到内燃机吸气通路、燃烧室2和NOx吸藏催化剂14上游的排气通路内的空气与燃料(烃)的比称为排气的空燃比时，NOx吸收剂47发挥在排气的空燃比为稀薄时吸收NOx，当排气中的氧浓度降低时放出所吸收的NOx的吸收放出NOx的作用。
即，以使用钡(Ba)作为构成NOx吸收剂47的成分的情况为例进行说明。在排气的空燃比为稀薄时，即排气中的氧浓度高时，排气中含有的NO如图2所示在铂(Pt)46上被氧化变成NO2，接着被吸收到NOx吸收剂47内，一边与氧化钡(BaO)结合一边以硝酸离子(NO3 -)的形式扩散到NOx吸收剂47内。这样NOx就被吸收到NOx吸收剂47内。只要排气中的氧浓度高，就可在铂(Pt)46的表面生成NO2，只要NOx吸收剂47的吸收NOx能力不饱和，NO2就被吸收到NOx吸收剂47内生成硝酸离子(NO3 -)。
与此相对，当而使排气的空燃比为浓或理论空燃比时，排气中的氧浓度降低，因此反应向反向(NO3 -→NO2)进行，这样NOx吸收剂47内的硝酸离子(NO3 -)就以NO2的形式从NOx吸收剂47中放出。接着，所放出的NOx被排气中含有的未燃HC、CO还原。
这样，排气的空燃比为稀薄时，即在稀薄空燃比下进行燃烧时，排气中的NOx被吸收到NOx吸收剂47内，然而，在稀薄空燃比下的燃烧继续进行时，在该期间NOx吸收剂47的吸收NOx能力饱和，这样就不能够利用NOx吸收剂47吸收NOx。因此，在本发明的实施例中，在NOx吸收剂47的吸收能力饱和之前通过向燃烧室2内供给所追加的燃料，同时由燃料添加阀15添加燃料而使排气的空燃比暂时为浓，由此使NOx从NOx吸收剂47中放出。
然而，排气中含有SOx即SO2，当该SO2流入到NOx吸藏催化剂14中时，该SO2在铂(Pt)46上被氧化变成SO3。接着，该SO3被吸收到NOx吸收剂47内，一边与氧化钡(BaO)结合一边以硫酸离子(SO4 2-)的形式扩散到NOx吸收剂47内，生成稳定的硫酸盐BaSO4。然而，NOx吸收剂47具有强的碱性，因此该硫酸盐BaSO4稳定而难以分解，当使排气的空燃比只为浓时，硫酸盐BaSO4不分解而原样地残留下来。因此，在NOx吸收剂47内随着时间的经过硫酸盐BaSO4增多，这样一来，随着时间的经过NOx吸收剂47可吸收的NOx量降低。
然而，该场合下，在使NOx吸藏催化剂14的温度上升到600℃以上的SOx放出温度的状态下，使流入到NOx吸藏催化剂14中的排气的空燃比为浓时，SOx从NOx吸收剂47中放出。但是该场合下，从NOx吸收剂47中只放出很少量的SOx。因此，为了使全部的所吸收的SOx从NOx吸收剂47中放出，必须长时间地使空燃比为浓，这样一来就存在需要大量的燃料或还原剂的问题。
因此，在本发明中，在NOx吸藏催化剂14的上游配置SOx捕集催化剂12，利用该SOx捕集催化剂12捕获排气中含有的SOx，由此不使SOx流入到NOx吸藏催化剂14中。接着对该SOx捕集催化剂12进行说明。
该SOx捕集催化剂12例如包含蜂窝结构的整体催化剂，具有在SOx捕集催化剂12的轴线方向笔直地延伸的多个排气流通孔。图3图解示出该SOx捕集催化剂12的基体50的表面部分的剖面。如图3所示，在基体50的表面上形成有涂层51，在该涂层51的表面上分散保持有贵金属催化剂52。
在本发明的实施例中，作为贵金属催化剂52可使用铂，作为构成涂层51的成分可使用例如选自钾(K)、钠(Na)、铯(Cs)之类的碱金属、钡(Ba)、钙(Ca)之类的碱土类、镧(La)、钇(Y)之类的稀土类中的至少一种。即，SOx捕集催化剂12的涂层51呈强碱性。
再者，排气中含有的SOx即SO2如图3所示在铂(Pt)52上被氧化，接着被捕获到涂层51内。即SO2以硫酸离子(SO4 2-)的形式扩散到涂层51内，形成硫酸盐。再者，如上所述涂层51呈强碱性，因此如图3所示排气中含有的SO2的一部分直接被捕获到涂层51内。
图3中，涂层51内的浓淡表示被捕获的SOx的浓度。由图3可知，涂层51内的SOx浓度，在涂层51的表面附近最高，随着向内部深入逐渐变低。涂层51的表面附近的SOx浓度增高时，涂层51的表面的碱性减弱，SOx的捕获能力减弱。在此，将排气中含有的SOx之中被SOx捕集催化剂12捕获的SOx的比例称为SOx捕集率时，若涂层51的表面的碱性减弱则与之相伴SOx捕集率会降低。在本发明的实施例中，在SOx捕集率低于预先设定的捕集率时，在排气的空燃比为稀薄的状态下进行使SOx捕集催化剂12的温度上升的升温控制，由此使SOx捕集率恢复。
即，当在排气的空燃比为稀薄的状态下使SOx捕集催化剂12的温度上升时，集中地存在于涂层51内的表面附近的SOx向涂层51的内部扩散使得涂层51内的SOx浓度变得均匀。即，在涂层51内生成的硝酸盐由集中在涂层51的表面附近的不稳定的状态，变成遍及涂层51内的整体均匀分散的稳定的状态。当存在于涂层51内的表面附近的SOx向涂层51的内部扩散时，涂层51的表面附近的SOx浓度降低，这样一来当SOx捕集催化剂12的升温控制完成时SOx捕集率就得到恢复。
再者，如上所述，在本发明的实施例中，在应该从NOx吸藏催化剂14中放出NOx时，向燃烧室2内供给所追加的燃料，同时由燃料添加阀15添加燃料。该场合下，供给到燃烧室2内的所追加的燃料与氧激烈地反应而消耗氧，因此若追加的燃料被供给到燃烧室2内，则从燃烧室2内排出的排气中的氧浓度，在排气整体范围内降低。与此相对，由燃料添加阀15添加的燃料，并不是全部的燃料立即与排气中含有的氧反应而被消耗，因此与向燃烧室2内追加燃料相比，该添加燃料使排气整体的氧浓度降低的作用较弱。
另一方面，若排气整体的氧浓度降低，则NOx可从NOx吸藏催化剂14中良好地放出。因此如果从由NOx吸藏催化剂14放出NOx的方面来看，优选通过向燃烧室2内供给所追加的燃料来使流入到NOx吸藏催化剂14中的排气的空燃比为浓。然而，只通过这样地向燃烧室2内供给所追加的燃料来使流入到NOx吸藏催化剂14中的排气的空燃比为浓时，存在SOx从SOx捕集催化剂12中放出的危险性。
然而，为了使NOx从NOx吸藏催化剂14中良好地放出，优选利用被供给到燃烧室2内的追加燃料来尽可能地减小流入到NOx吸藏催化剂14中的排气的空燃比。因此，在本发明中，在为了从NOx吸藏催化剂14中放出NOx而使流入到NOx吸藏催化剂14中的排气的空燃比为浓时，向燃烧室2内追加的燃料量被控制，以使得在不从SOx捕集催化剂12中放出SOx的范围内从燃烧室2排出的排气的空燃比变为最小。而且，还原此时从NOx吸藏催化剂14中放出的NOx所需要的燃料的不足部分，由燃料添加阀15添加。
图4(A)、(B)表示代表性的向燃烧室2内追加燃料和由燃料添加阀15添加燃料的供给例。图4(A)表示通过向燃烧室2内追加燃料而使从燃烧室2排出的排气的空燃比为浓的情况。在成为该浓空燃比的排气到达燃料添加阀15时，由燃料添加阀15添加燃料，通过该添加燃料，而使排气的空燃比更浓。
另一方面，图4(B)表示从燃烧室2排出的排气的空燃比降低到理论空燃比附近的稀薄空燃比的情况。在该情况下，与图4(A)所示的情况相比，添加燃料的量被增大，通过供给添加燃料，而使排气的空燃比为浓。
图5(A)表示：如图1所示在SOx捕集催化剂12的上游配置有燃料添加阀15的场合的控制NOx放出时的来自燃烧室2的排气的目标空燃比与SOx捕集催化剂12的SOx捕获量的关系。再者，该排气的目标空燃比，为在不从SOx捕集催化剂12放出SOx的范围内最小的排气的空燃比，追加的燃料被供给到燃烧室2内，以使得在控制NOx放出时从燃烧室2排出的排气的空燃比达到该目标空燃比。
由图5(A)可知，在SOx捕获量少时目标空燃比稍浓。即，SOx捕获量少时，即使从燃烧室2排出的排气的空燃比稍浓，SOx也不从SOx捕集催化剂12中放出。另一方面，SOx捕获量增大时，SOx容易从SOx捕集催化剂12中放出，另外，SOx捕集催化剂12的床温变高时，SOx容易从SOx捕集催化剂12中放出。
因此在本发明的实施例中，SOx捕集催化剂12的SOx捕获量越多，目标空燃比越被增大，并且，SOx捕集催化剂12的温度越高，目标空燃比越被增大。
另外，在控制NOx放出时，若目标空燃比变大，则来自燃料添加阀15的燃料添加量被增大，以使得流入到NOx吸藏催化剂14中的排气的空燃比变为浓。因此，如图5所示，随着SOx捕集催化剂12的SOx捕获量增大，添加燃料量相对于追加燃料量与添加燃料量之和的比例被增大。
图6表示排气净化处理过程。
参照图6，首先在步骤100中算出每单位时间由NOx吸藏催化剂14吸藏的NOx量NOXA。该NOx量NOXA作为要求扭矩TQ和内燃机旋转数N的函数以图7(A)所示的图的形式预先存储在ROM32内。接着在步骤101中，该NOXA被加算成被NOx吸藏催化剂14吸藏的NOx量∑NOX，由此可算出被NOx吸藏催化剂14吸藏的NOx量∑NOX。接着在步骤102中算出每单位时间由SOx捕集催化剂12捕获的SOx量SOXA。该SOx量SOXA也作为要求扭矩TQ和内燃机旋转数N的函数以如图7(B)所示的图的形式预先存储在ROM 32内。接着，在步骤103中该SOXA被加算成被NOx吸藏催化剂14捕获的SOx量∑SOX。
接着，在步骤104中判别吸藏NOx量∑NOX是否超过了容许值NX，在∑NOX＞NX时进入步骤105，基于SOx捕获量∑SOX、和由温度传感器22检测出的SOx捕集催化剂12的温度，由图5(A)所示的关系算出目标空燃比。接着，在步骤106中，算出使排气的空燃比达到该目标空燃比所需要的向燃烧室2内的追加燃料量。接着，在步骤107中，算出得到预先设定的浓空燃比所需的来自燃料添加阀15的燃料添加量。接着在步骤108中，进行追加燃料和添加燃料的供给处理，即进行使流入到NOx吸藏催化剂14中的排气的空燃比暂时由稀薄转换成浓的浓处理，∑NOX被净化。
图8表示压缩点火式内燃机的另一实施例。在该实施例中，燃料添加阀15配置于SOx捕集催化剂12与NOx吸藏催化剂14之间。该实施例，与图1所示的实施例不同，由燃料添加阀15添加的燃料只供给到NOx吸藏催化剂14中，不供给到SOx捕集催化剂12中。因此在该实施例中，在控制NOx放出时从燃烧室2排出的排气的空燃比与流入到SOx捕集催化剂中的排气的空燃比相同。
图9表示如图8所示那样在SOx捕集催化剂12的下游配置有燃料添加阀15的情况的控制NOx放出时的来自燃烧室2的排气的目标空燃比与SOx捕集催化剂12的SOx捕获量的关系。再者，在该实施例中，也使排气的目标空燃比为在不从SOx捕集催化剂12放出SOx的范围内最小的排气的空燃比。
由图9可知，该实施例中，在SOx捕获量少时也使目标空燃比为稍浓。但是在该实施例中，由于由燃料添加阀15添加的燃料并不供给到SOx捕集催化剂12中，因此此时的目标空燃比与图5(A)所示的情况相比为更浓侧。另外，此时该实施例中，SOx捕集催化剂12的SOx捕获量越多，目标空燃比越被增大，另外，SOx捕集催化剂12的温度越高，目标空燃比越被增大。
另一方面，SOx捕集催化剂12，只要流入到SOx捕集催化剂12中的排气的空燃比为浓就不会放出SOx。因此，在该实施例中，在SOx捕获量增大时，目标空燃比维持为稍稀薄的恒定空燃比。
接着对控制NOx放出时的SOx捕集催化剂12的捕获SOx作用进行说明。控制NOx放出时若捕获SOx的能力降低，则排气中所含的SOx直接通过SOx捕集催化剂12，这样一来SOx就流入到NOx吸藏催化剂14中。
因此，为了在控制NOx放出时SOx不流入NOx吸藏催化剂14中，除了需阻止SOx从SOx捕集催化剂12放出以外，还需要阻止SOx捕集催化剂12的捕获SOx能力降低。
图10(A)表示得到预先设定的容许水平以上，例如95％以上的SOx捕获率所需的排气中的氧浓度与SOx捕集催化剂12的SOx捕获量的关系。SOx捕获量少时，即使排气中基本上不存在氧，排气中的SOx也被SOx捕集催化剂12捕获。然而当SOx捕获量变多时，SOx捕集催化剂12的表面的碱性变弱，因此若排气中不存在氧，则SOx不被SOx捕集催化剂12捕获。
因此，如图10(A)所示，SOx捕获量越增大，所需的氧浓度越高。另外，SOx捕集催化剂12的床温越上升，SOx越难以被SOx捕集催化剂12捕获，因此如图10(A)所示，SOx捕集催化剂12的床温越高，得到容许水平以上的SOx捕获率所需的氧浓度越增大。
因此，在图8所示的内燃机中，在要使控制NOx放出时的SOx捕获率维持在容许水平以上的场合，从燃烧室2排出的排气中的氧浓度被控制以使得流入到SOx捕集催化剂12中的排气中的氧浓度变为图10(A)所示的氧浓度。
图10(B)表示如图8所示在SOx捕集催化剂12的下游配置有燃料添加阀15的情况的控制NOx放出时阻止从SOx捕集催化剂12放出SOx同时使SOx捕获率维持在容许水平以上时的从燃烧室2排出的排气的目标空燃比与SOx捕集催化剂12的SOx捕获量的关系。这样在控制NOx放出时阻止从SOx捕集催化剂12放出SOx同时使SOx捕获率维持在容许水平以上的情况下，如图10(B)所示，随着SOx捕获量增大，目标空燃比被增大。
Claims (7)
1.一种内燃机的排气净化装置，所述内燃机在内燃机排气通路内配置有能够捕获排气中所含有的SOx的SOx捕集催化剂，在SOx捕集催化剂下游的排气通路内配置有NOx吸藏催化剂，所述NOx吸藏催化剂在流入的排气的空燃比为稀薄时吸藏排气中所含有的NOx，在流入的排气的空燃比变为理论空燃比或浓时放出所吸藏的NOx，在该内燃机中，在NOx吸藏催化剂上游的内燃机排气通路内配置用于添加燃料的燃料添加阀，在为了从NOx吸藏催化剂中放出NOx而使流入到NOx吸藏催化剂中的排气的空燃比为理论空燃比或浓时，向燃烧室内供给追加的燃料，同时由该燃料添加阀添加燃料，此时向燃烧室内追加的燃料量和由燃料添加阀添加的燃料量被控制以使得在不从SOx捕集催化剂放出SOx的范围内从燃料室排出的排气的空燃比变为最小。
2.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机的排气净化装置，其中，在所述追加的燃料被供给时，SOx捕集催化剂的SOx捕获量越多，从燃烧室排出的排气的空燃比越被增大。
3.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机的排气净化装置，其中，在所述追加的燃料被供给时，SOx捕集催化剂的温度越高，从燃烧室排出的排气的空燃比越被增大。
4.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机的排气净化装置，其中，随着SOx捕集催化剂的SOx捕获量增大，使向燃烧室内追加的燃料量减少而使由燃料添加阀添加的燃料量增加，从而所述添加燃料量相对于追加燃料量与添加燃料量之和的比例越被增大。
5.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机的排气净化装置，其中，在应该从NOx吸藏催化剂放出NOx时，SOx捕集催化剂的SOx捕获量越多，从燃烧室排出的排气的空燃比越被增大，以使得得到预先设定的容许水平以上的SOx捕获率。
6.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机的排气净化装置，其中，所述燃料添加阀配置于SOx捕集催化剂上游的内燃机排气通路内。
7.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机的排气净化装置，其中，所述燃料添加阀配置于SOx捕集催化剂与NOx吸藏催化剂之间。
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| CN1334899A (zh) * | 1999-01-25 | 2002-02-06 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 内燃机的排气净化装置 |
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| JP3938136B2 (ja) | 2003-10-29 | 2007-06-27 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 圧縮着火式内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
| WO2005090760A1 (ja) * | 2004-03-24 | 2005-09-29 | Hitachi, Ltd. | 内燃機関の排ガス浄化装置、排ガス浄化方法、及び内燃機関用ｓ分捕捉材 |
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| JP2000234512A (ja) * | 1999-02-16 | 2000-08-29 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
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