CN101540020B - Three-dimensional line-selection method for road - Google Patents
Three-dimensional line-selection method for road Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A three-dimensional line-selection method for a road comprises the following steps of (1) obtaining a DEM and a high-resolution image of a region where the line passes through; 2) carrying out planar initial alignment; 3) carrying out three-dimensional transverse and longitudinal alignment; and 4) carrying out stereoscopic model alignment and determining the final line. Compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effects that the method can realistically simulate different visions of left and right human eyes by a 3D stereoscopic display equipment during the line-selection process, is more intuitionistic and stereoscopic for watching line selection, refines the arrangements of bridge, tunnel, slide slope, pitch, and the like in the landform, closely combines the road line selection with real three-dimensional landscape, and obtains the line earthwork amount and the engineering cost immediately, thus being beneficial for adjustment after the initial line changes and comparison of a plurality of initial lines, and determining whether the final line is the really economic and reasonable line or not. The method can not only be used for road line selection, but also can be used for line optimization to the traditional method, thus saving the investment of the whole road.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to route selection, especially relate to a kind of three-dimensional line-selection method for road.
Background technology
Existing three-dimensional line-selection method for road comprises interrelated data in the Collection and analysis circuit zone, is confirming whole routing line after just fixed a plurality of optional routes, the field exploring on the large scale topographical map.This route selection method wastes time and energy, and can't see stereo-picture on the spot, depends on route selection personnel's practical experience and technical merit to a great extent, is not suitable for the engineering that the duration is relatively tight, have relatively high expectations.Especially adopt this two-dimension method route selection choosing position, can not coordinate mutually, can not combine closely with actual state such as geologic hazard with the actual landform landforms; Because sampling spot is few; Calculating at quantity of earth work can't guarantee precision at all, and can't draw route earth volume and construction costs at once, is unfavorable for just deciding the adjustment after route selection changes; Be unfavorable for a plurality of route selection comparisons of just deciding, be difficult to the route of confirming that whole routing line is real economical rationality.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is the defective that remedies above-mentioned prior art; Propose a kind of based on digital elevation model (Digital Elevation Model; Be abbreviated as DEM) and high-resolution satellite image, and the three-dimensional line-selection method for road of realizing by the 3D stereoscopic display device.
Technical matters of the present invention solves through following technical scheme.
The characteristics of this three-dimensional line-selection method for road are: may further comprise the steps:
1) obtains DEM and the high resolution image figure of route through the zone;
2) carry out the preliminary alignment in plane;
3) carry out the flat vertical alignment of three-dimensional;
4) carry out the stereoscopic model alignment, confirm whole routing line.
Technical matters of the present invention solves through following further technical scheme.
Said step 1) is obtained DEM and high resolution image figure, and following substep is arranged:
1-1) obtain the DEM of route, obtain the mode of DEM, comprise photogrammetry, topomap digitizing method and ground survey method through the zone;
1-2) obtain high resolution image figure, comprise the remote sensing image of the sensor shooting that remote sensing image that sensor that satellite carries takes and aircraft or balloon carry.
Said step 2) carry out the preliminary alignment in plane, following substep arranged:
2-1) high resolution image figure is transformed to orthophotoquad;
2-2) carry out the preliminary alignment in plane;
2-3) piecemeal is handled DEM, and large-scale terrain is carried out the mapping of texture piecemeal;
2-4) cutting terrain mesh.
Said step 3) is carried out the flat vertical alignment of three-dimensional, and following substep is arranged:
3-1) adopt virtual reality technology to create and demonstration dimensional topography model;
3-2) confirm based on three-dimensional road longitudinal gradient;
3-3) dynamically adjust the route horizontal and vertical alignment;
3-4) seamless stack realistic terrain and three-dimensional highway model.
Said step 4) is carried out the stereoscopic model alignment, confirms whole routing line, and following substep is arranged:
4-1) according to 3-4-4 step by step) highway, the relief model set up; Adopt the VRML interaction technique to get into the viewpoint of every kilometer pile No.; Through the rationality that the 3D display device is checked flat vertical combination, adjustment viewpoint height is watched design and environmental relation; As find unreasonable part, adjust planar line position or gradient incline at once;
4-2) through 3D display device multi angle view bridge, tunnel the actual situation that combines with landform, the bridge tunnel pile No. of confirming is done further accurately adjustment, along route working direction flight roaming, check whether all fronts side slope setting is reasonable;
4-3), get into highway 3 D stereo view true to nature, in highway 3 D stereo view, further regulate the line position through transversal section simulation, driving stimulation, sighting distance detection, environmental landscape coordination mode by 3D display device simulation human eye right and left eyes different visual;
4-4) adopt the plane to overlook, the high-altitude is got a bird's eye view, the visual simulation formal check route selection scheme of low-latitude flying, road traveling; If find that in simulation there is better scheme the planar line position; Just select another planar line position, return step 2) carry out the plane alignment, reselect accurate line position;
4-5) immediate updating quantities is completely checked the variation of each adjusted construction costs, up to definite best route scheme.
Said step 1) can be obtained the DEM of route through the zone fast through photogrammetry, topomap digitizing method and three kinds of modes of ground survey method, is used for route selection; Do not use DEM in the existing route selection process, and only utilize digital terrain figure.Realize the stack application of high resolution image figure and digital terrain figure, can be in the alignment process of plane true to naturely see landform and landforms; Existing is direct alignment on digital terrain figure, can't see the landform chromatic image.
Said step 2) DEM is carried out piecemeal and handle, the orthophotoquad after correcting is carried out the mapping of texture piecemeal by the piecemeal general layout of DEM, can reduce data operation quantity and reach more than 10 times, show the large-scale terrain purpose to reach quick simulation.Adopt boundary line calculating, summit leash law,, realized that the model of dimensional topography is finally set up according to outer boundary line clipping terrain mesh; Existing application to terrain visualization is not carried out cutting efficiently by the border of route trend, causes data redundancy, and display efficiency is lower in real time, can not be used for the highway three-dimensional line-selection of large-scale terrain.
Said step 3) adopts virtual reality technology to create and shows the dimensional topography model, and simulation human eye displaying principle more truly shows the dimensional topography environment, so that realize three-dimensional alignment; Existing route selection can't be accomplished three dimensional stress.Adopt three-dimensional flat vertical routing method to carry out interactive mode and draw the slope, can intuitively see the spatial relationship of design lines and landform, can accurately select the suitable sloping line that draws, avoid situation is not on the spot understood and the error that occurs, reach and accurately draw slope, the purpose in shortening cycle; Existing route selection all is in the plane, to draw the slope, and is directly perceived inadequately, can't combine closely with peripheral landform, view.Dynamically adjustment route horizontal and vertical alignment obtains quantity of earth work through DEM in real time in the process of route selection, is beneficial to the optimum repeatedly adjustment of route, make variant projects of location more economically, more reasonable; Existing route selection can only be after scheme be all confirmed, ability calculated route quantity of earth work, and intercycle is very long, under the situation that requires the deadline weak point, tends to ignore a lot of useful project settings.Use the method for seamless stack realistic terrain and three-dimensional highway model, can realize that highway model and relief block three-dimensional integrated, set up accurate highway, relief model; Existing highway three-dimensional model can only be used for driving stimulation, is not used for route selection and combine closely with large-scale terrain.
Said step 4) is a stereoscopic model alignment process; Can simulate by the route selection personnel through the 3D display device and get into highway 3 D stereo view true to nature, refine to the adjustment of itinerary side slope, gutter, the method variation of adjustment; Let the route selection personnel find the problem that route exists in the route selection process more easily; Can let the route selection personnel obtain abundanter, information intuitively, and accurately accomplish the route route selection, accurate highway model, dimensional topography are carried out route selection through the stereo display mode; Need to solve highway modeling, stereo display in real time, model optimization, the mutual technical matters of scene, this is that prior art can't be accomplished.
In sum, the beneficial effect of the present invention and prior art contrast is:
The inventive method can be passed through the different visions of 3D stereoscopic display device realistic simulation people right and left eyes in the route selection process; Watch the route addressing more directly perceived, three-dimensionally; And refine to the layings in landform such as bridge, tunnel, side slope, gutter, and route selection and true three-dimension view are on the spot combined closely, draw route earth volume and construction costs at once; Decide adjustment and a plurality of first route selection comparison of deciding after route selection changes at the beginning of being beneficial to, confirm that whole routing line is the route of real economical rationality.The inventive method not only can be used for route selection, and can be used for route selection optimization is carried out in the route selection of adopting classic method, to save the investment of whole piece highway.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is the process flow diagram of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Contrast accompanying drawing below and combine embodiment that the present invention is further described.
A kind of three-dimensional line-selection method that is used for certain section highway may further comprise the steps:
Step 1) is obtained route through region D EM and high resolution image figure, and following substep is arranged:
1-1) obtain the DEM of route, obtain the mode of DEM, comprise photogrammetry, topomap digitizing method and ground survey method through the zone;
Said photogrammetry is to be data source with aviation or spacer remote sensing image, utilizes the remote sensing stereogram, adopts photogrammetric method to set up the space relief model, measures intensive digital elevation data, sets up DEM; The photogrammetric apparatus of image data comprises the stereoscopic plotter of having self-recording unit, stereocomparator, the planicomp of having self-recording unit, and digital Photogrammetric System;
Said topomap digitizing method be with engineer's scale greater than 1: 1 ten thousand country in the recent period topomap be data source; Therefrom measure the altitude figures of intermediate density ground point set; Set up DEM, concrete acquisition method comprises manual acquisition method, manual tracking digitizer acquisition method, scanning collection method;
Said ground survey method is used to set up the DEM in the zone of large scale among a small circle, is to utilize measuring equipment to measure the three elements of terrain object point: direction, distance and the discrepancy in elevation, draw the three-dimensional coordinate of impact point, and be stored as the raw data of setting up DEM; Said measuring equipment comprises GPS, full site type electronic tachometer (Electronic Total Station), and distance-measuring theodolite;
1-2) obtain high resolution image figure, comprise the remote sensing image of the sensor shooting that remote sensing image that sensor that satellite carries takes and aircraft or balloon carry;
The resolution of said remote sensing image and remote sensing image is at least 1m, and wherein the satellite remote sensing picture comprises that resolution is the IKONOS satellite image of 1m, the QuickBird satellite image that resolution is 0.61m.
2) carry out the preliminary alignment in plane, following substep arranged:
2-1) high resolution image figure is transformed to orthophotoquad, carries out accurate registration with terrain data after the conversion, scope, border that area that satellite photo shows and terrain data are represented are consistent;
2-2) carry out the preliminary alignment in plane; Digital terrain figure and orthophotoquad are superposed to the plane topomap at same coordinate-system, on the topomap of plane, according to the highway geometry trend, adjustment route horizontal alignment, the i.e. preliminary alignment in plane; Comprise visual location relation, tentatively confirm horizontal alignment, obtain the curve element of plane route and pursue a stake coordinate according to highway and true environment on the topomap of plane;
Said true environment comprises river, village, highway, level line, elevation;
Said orthophotoquad is the remote sensing image with orthogonal projection character, is through the image after several how correction, can directly be used for image interpretation, measurement and thematic charting;
2-3) piecemeal is handled DEM, and large-scale terrain is carried out the mapping of texture piecemeal, comprises step by step following:
2-3-1) according to step 2-2) the preliminary alignment in plane obtain confirm the route trend scope by a stake coordinate data, be principle to cover the route trend scope and to avoid data overlapping as far as possible, piecemeal is handled DEM, and representes the 3 D belt landform with the seamless spliced DEM of polylith;
Said seamless spliced, refer to that DEM exists with the rectangular blocks of different sizes, closely connect at three dimensions, do not have overlappingly between each piece, there is not the slit yet;
2-3-2) orthophotoquad is carried out the mapping of texture piecemeal by the piecemeal general layout of DEM;
Said texture piecemeal mapping is that the apex coordinate of every orthography after cutting apart, image resolution, image length, picture traverse and dem data are set up one-to-one relationship with bulk striograph dividing processing;
2-4) cutting terrain mesh, the scope cutting terrain mesh according to the preliminary alignment in plane comprises step by step following:
2-4-1) according to step 2-2) the preliminary alignment in plane obtain by the stake coordinate data; Calculating is by the external edge boundary line of cutting landform, and said external edge boundary line comprises the set of route right side boundary point, starting point route normal, the terminal point route normal of the outline line that the route left border point of the outline line that expression right wing line center line spreads is to the left gathered, expression right wing line center line spreads to the right;
2-4-2) will be step by step 2-4-1) in beyond the border the data point screening outside, select first one by one to last piece dem data;
2-4-3) adopt the summit leash law to judge and select reasonable frontier point;
Said summit leash law is the precision according to the DEM graticule mesh, selects the coordinate on four summits of formation rectangle, judges whether screened outside the boundary line at 4, if 4 are all screened outside the boundary line, then its inner a large amount of dem data points are just no longer done the border judgement;
2-4-4) point that is not screened in the every dem data is carried out the three dimensions network forming, formation has along the relief block of route trend attribute, and model is used for three-dimensional flat vertical alignment.
3) carry out the flat vertical alignment of three-dimensional, confirm to comprise following substep based on three-dimensional road longitudinal gradient:
3-1) adopt virtual reality technology to create and demonstration dimensional topography model, comprise step by step following:
3-1-1) adopt virtual reality technology to set up relief block and the route areal model that cuts;
Said virtual reality is meant the artificial world that is generated by computing machine, and in the said artificial world, the people can use the natural way operand, and is interactive with object;
Said natural way is voice and human action;
Said human action comprises head rotation, eye movement and gesture;
Said virtual reality adopts three-dimensional equipment or sensing equipment and VRML to accomplish interactive operation;
3-1-2) adopt VRML to realize highway geometry roaming real-time, interactive, and 2-D data and three-dimensional mutual;
3-1-3) adopt the stereo display driving of 3D display device and VRML to combine, show real dimensional topography in real time, realize that stereoscopic vision shows, forms the sight angle pictures different at people's right and left eyes;
Said 3D display device comprises three-dimensional goggles with color filter, helmet-type 3D display and 3D projector equipment.
3-2) confirm to comprise step by step following based on three-dimensional road longitudinal gradient:
3-2-1) from dem data, obtain route center line ground elevation, be used for auxiliary vertical section and draw the slope and watch the situation of drawing sloping line and above-ground route to intersect;
3-2-2) show the DEM model of stack high resolution image through the real time implementation of 3D display device, step by step 3-2-1) the route center line ground elevation that obtains, show reference when being used to draw the slope at the DEM model surface with the line segment mode of being close to the face of land and distributing;
3-2-3) the three-dimensional flat vertical alignment of beginning is taked visual way, horizontal alignment, longitudinal gradient, the vertical curve of adjustment highway geometry on 3-D view; Begin from the starting point of route; Show the 3-D view of each kilometer pile No. successively, draw the slope, adjustment knick point and longitudinal gradient, vertical curve numerical value through alternant way; Draw in the sloping process through drawing the vertical range of sloping line and ground elevation line, directly inquiry is filled out and is dug height;
3-2-4) draw the slope to the terminal point of route, represent the grade line that forms with data file, drawn path vertical curve figure adjusts the position of unreasonable knick point at three dimensions with reference to drawing;
3-2-5) behind adjustment knick point and the longitudinal gradient; Get into the route 3-D view through the 3D display device, adjustment viewpoint height, simulation examine on the spot; Confirm route plane, longitudinal gradient and structure pile No. along the line, said structure along the line comprises bridge, tunnel, separation viaduct;
3-2-6) calculate construction costs based on DEM in real time, comprise earthwork, every section earthwork, every kilometer earthwork completely, the joining of highway model and relief block all adopts hyperbolic paraboloid interpolation method difference, fills out with the stereoscopic model processing and digs area.
3-3) dynamically adjust the route horizontal and vertical alignment, comprise step by step following:
3-3-1) the irrational horizontal alignment of continuation adjustment on 3-D view, and corresponding adjustment route plane, longitudinal gradient comprise structure pile No. along the line;
3-3-2) according to the horizontal and vertical alignment of route, analyze every kilometer earthwork, the excessive highway section of earthwork is optimized in adjustment, and is more reasonable up to route plan;
3-3-3) for route plane existing problems, change greatlyyer, perhaps draw and need reselect the route plane behind the slope, repeating step 2) carry out the preliminary alignment in plane.
3-4) seamless stack realistic terrain and three-dimensional highway model comprise step by step following:
3-4-1) constitute complete closure fold line earlier, be directed against each section closure fold line again landform cutting piecemeal again;
3-4-2) concern the stack high-resolution satellite image by coordinate Mapping to the piecemeal landform;
3-4-3) in three dimensions, draw the highway model; Said highway model comprises roadbed, road surface, side slope, gutter, graticule, railing, greenbelt, earth shoulder, the hard shoulder that reveals, and its left and right sides gutter, side slope and relief block combine together on three dimensions;
3-4-4) stack bridge, tunnel, grade separation model and vehicle, sign board, trees, cloud model are set, set up highway, relief model according to bridge, tunnel, grade separation.
4) carry out the stereoscopic model alignment; Adjust the highway stereoscopic model that comprises route transversal section entity at three dimensions with the three-dimensional visible mode, and then the adjustment route plan, confirm whole routing line; Said stereoscopic model comprises highway model, relief block, comprises following substep:
4-1) according to 3-4-4 step by step) highway, the relief model set up; Adopt the VRML interaction technique to get into the viewpoint of every kilometer pile No.; Through the rationality that the 3D display device is checked flat vertical combination, adjustment viewpoint height is watched design and environmental relation; As find unreasonable part, adjust planar line position or gradient incline at once;
4-2) through 3D display device multi angle view bridge, tunnel the actual situation that combines with landform, the bridge tunnel pile No. of confirming is done further accurately adjustment, along route working direction flight roaming, check whether all fronts side slope setting is reasonable;
4-3), get into highway 3 D stereo view true to nature, in highway 3 D stereo view, further regulate the line position through transversal section simulation, driving stimulation, sighting distance detection, environmental landscape coordination mode by 3D display device simulation human eye right and left eyes different visual;
4-4) adopt the plane to overlook, the high-altitude is got a bird's eye view, the visual simulation formal check route selection scheme of low-latitude flying, road traveling; If find that in simulation there is better scheme the planar line position; Just select another planar line position, return step 2) carry out the plane alignment, reselect accurate line position;
4-5) immediate updating quantities is completely checked the variation of each adjusted construction costs, up to definite best route scheme.
Above content is to combine concrete preferred implementation to the further explain that the present invention did, and can not assert that practical implementation of the present invention is confined to these explanations.Those of ordinary skill for technical field under the present invention; Under the prerequisite that does not break away from the present invention's design, make some alternative or obvious modification that are equal to; And performance or purposes are identical, then should be regarded as belonging to the protection domain that the present invention is confirmed by claims of being submitted to.
Claims (1)
1. three-dimensional line-selection method for road is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
1) obtains DEM and the high resolution image figure of route through the zone;
Said step 1) has following substep:
1-1) obtain the DEM of route through the zone;
1-2) obtain high resolution image figure, comprise the remote sensing image of the sensor shooting that remote sensing image that sensor that satellite carries takes and aircraft or balloon carry;
2) carry out the preliminary alignment in plane;
Said step 2) following substep is arranged:
2-1) high resolution image figure is transformed to orthophotoquad, carries out accurate registration with terrain data after the conversion, scope, border that area that satellite photo shows and terrain data are represented are consistent;
2-2) digital terrain figure and orthophotoquad are superposed to the plane topomap at same coordinate-system; On the topomap of plane; According to the highway geometry trend, adjustment route horizontal alignment is according to the visual location relation of highway and true environment on the topomap of plane; Preliminary definite horizontal alignment obtains the curve element of plane route and pursues a stake coordinate;
2-3) confirming the route trend scope according to what obtain by the stake coordinate data, is principle to cover the route trend scope and to avoid data overlapping as far as possible, and piecemeal is handled DEM, and representes the 3 D belt landform with the seamless spliced DEM of polylith;
2-4) orthophotoquad is carried out the mapping of texture piecemeal by the piecemeal general layout of DEM;
2-5) according to a coordinate data of pursuing of obtaining; Calculating is by the external edge boundary line of cutting landform, and said external edge boundary line comprises the set of route right side boundary point, starting point route normal, the terminal point route normal of the outline line that the route left border point of the outline line that expression right wing line center line spreads is to the left gathered, expression right wing line center line spreads to the right;
2-6) with step 2-5) in beyond the border the data point screening outside, select first one by one to last piece dem data;
2-7) adopt the summit leash law to judge and select reasonable frontier point;
2-8) point that is not screened in the every dem data is carried out the three dimensions network forming, formation has along the relief block of route trend attribute, and model is used for three-dimensional flat vertical alignment;
3) carry out the flat vertical alignment of three-dimensional;
Said step 3) has following substep:
3-1) adopt virtual reality technology to set up relief block and the route areal model that cuts, adopt VRML to realize highway geometry roaming real-time, interactive and 2-D data and three-dimensional mutual;
3-2) adopt the stereo display driving of 3D display device and VRML to combine, show real dimensional topography in real time, realize that stereoscopic vision shows, forms the sight angle pictures different at people's right and left eyes;
3-3) through the DEM model of 3D display device real time implementation demonstration stack high resolution image, the route center line ground elevation that will from dem data, obtain shows with the line segment mode of being close to face of land distribution at the DEM model surface, reference when being used for three Wellas slope;
3-4) the three-dimensional flat vertical alignment of beginning is taked visual way on 3-D view, and horizontal alignment, longitudinal gradient, the vertical curve of adjustment highway geometry begin from the starting point of route, show the 3-D view of each kilometer pile No. successively, draw the slope through alternant way;
3-5) behind adjustment knick point and the longitudinal gradient, get into the route 3-D view through the 3D display device, adjustment viewpoint height, route plane, longitudinal gradient and structure pile No. along the line are confirmed in the simulation examine on the spot;
3-6) in the process of route selection, obtain quantity of earth work in real time, dynamically adjust the route horizontal and vertical alignment, specifically may further comprise the steps through DEM:
3-6-1) the irrational horizontal alignment of continuation adjustment on 3-D view, and corresponding adjustment route plane, longitudinal gradient comprise structure pile No. along the line;
3-6-2) according to the horizontal and vertical alignment of route, analyze every kilometer earthwork, the excessive highway section of earthwork is optimized in adjustment;
3-6-3) for route plane existing problems, change greatlyyer, perhaps draw and need reselect the route plane behind the slope, repeating step 2) carry out the preliminary alignment in plane;
3-7) to landform cutting piecemeal again, concern the stack high-resolution satellite image to the piecemeal landform by coordinate Mapping,
3-8) real-time rendering and show the highway model in three dimensions; Said highway model comprises roadbed, road surface, side slope, gutter, graticule, railing, greenbelt, earth shoulder, the hard shoulder that reveals; According to bridge, tunnel, grade separation stack bridge, tunnel, grade separation model and vehicle, sign board, trees, cloud model are set, set up highway, relief model;
4) carry out the stereoscopic model alignment;
Said step 4) has following substep:
Highway, the relief model 4-1) set up according to step 3); Adopt the VRML interaction technique to get into the viewpoint of every kilometer pile No.; Through the rationality that the 3D display device is checked flat vertical combination, adjustment viewpoint height is watched design and environmental relation; As find unreasonable part, adjust planar line position or gradient incline at once;
4-2) through 3D display device multi angle view bridge, tunnel the actual situation that combines with landform, the bridge tunnel pile No. of confirming is done further accurately adjustment, along route working direction flight roaming, check whether all fronts side slope setting is reasonable;
4-3), get into highway 3 D stereo view true to nature, in highway 3 D stereo view, further regulate the line position through transversal section simulation, driving stimulation, sighting distance detection, environmental landscape coordination mode by 3D display device simulation human eye right and left eyes different visual;
4-4) adopt the plane to overlook, the high-altitude is got a bird's eye view, the visual simulation formal check route selection scheme of low-latitude flying, road traveling; If find that in simulation there is better scheme the planar line position; Just select another planar line position, return step 2) carry out the preliminary alignment in plane, reselect accurate line position.
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