CN101540020A - Three-dimensional line-selection method for road - Google Patents
Three-dimensional line-selection method for road Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A three-dimensional line-selection method for a road comprises the following steps of (1) obtaining a DEM and a high-resolution image of a region where the line passes through; 2) carrying out planar initial alignment; 3) carrying out three-dimensional transverse and longitudinal alignment; and 4) carrying out stereoscopic model alignment and determining the final line. Compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effects that the method can realistically simulate different visions of left and right human eyes by a 3D stereoscopic display equipment during the line-selection process, is more intuitionistic and stereoscopic for watching line selection, refines the arrangements of bridge, tunnel, slide slope, pitch, and the like in the landform, closely combines the road line selection with real three-dimensional landscape, and obtains the line earthwork amount and the engineering cost immediately, thus being beneficial for adjustment after the initial line changes and comparison of a plurality of initial lines, and determining whether the final line is the really economic and reasonable line or not. The method can not only be used for road line selection, but also can be used for line optimization to the traditional method, thus saving the investment of the whole road.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to route selection, especially relate to a kind of three-dimensional line-selection method for road.
Background technology
Existing three-dimensional line-selection method for road comprises interrelated data in the Collection and analysis circuit zone, is determining whole routing line after just fixed a plurality of optional routes, the field exploring on the large scale topographical map.This route selection method wastes time and energy, and can't see stereo-picture on the spot, depends on route selection personnel's practical experience and technical merit to a great extent, is not suitable for the engineering that the duration is relatively tight, have relatively high expectations.Especially adopt this two-dimension method route selection bit selecting, can not coordinate mutually with the actual landform landforms, can not combine closely with actual states such as geologic hazards, because sampling spot is few, calculating at quantity of earth work can't guarantee precision at all, and can't draw route earth volume and construction costs at once, is unfavorable for the first adjustment of deciding after route selection changes, be unfavorable for a plurality of route selection comparisons of just deciding, be difficult to the route of determining that whole routing line is real economical rationality.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is the defective that remedies above-mentioned prior art, propose a kind of based on digital elevation model (Digital Elevation Model, be abbreviated as DEM) and high-resolution satellite image, and the three-dimensional line-selection method for road of realizing by the 3D stereoscopic display device.
Technical matters of the present invention is solved by the following technical programs.
The characteristics of this three-dimensional line-selection method for road are: may further comprise the steps:
1) obtains DEM and the high resolution image figure of route through the zone;
2) carry out the preliminary alignment in plane;
3) carry out the flat vertical alignment of three-dimensional;
4) carry out the stereoscopic model alignment, determine whole routing line.
Technical matters of the present invention is solved by following further technical scheme.
Described step 1) is obtained DEM and high resolution image figure, and following substep is arranged:
1-1) obtain the DEM of route, obtain the mode of DEM, comprise photogrammetry, topomap digitizing method and ground survey method through the zone;
1-2) obtain high resolution image figure, comprise the remote sensing image of the sensor shooting that remote sensing image that sensor that satellite carries takes and aircraft or balloon carry.
Described step 2) carry out the preliminary alignment in plane, following substep arranged:
2-1) high resolution image figure is transformed to orthophotoquad;
2-2) carry out the preliminary alignment in plane;
2-3) piecemeal is handled DEM, and large-scale terrain is carried out the mapping of texture piecemeal;
2-4) cutting terrain mesh.
Described step 3) is carried out the flat vertical alignment of three-dimensional, and following substep is arranged:
3-1) adopt virtual reality technology to create and demonstration dimensional topography model;
3-2) determine based on three-dimensional road longitudinal gradient;
3-3) dynamically adjust the route horizontal and vertical alignment;
3-4) seamless stack realistic terrain and three-dimensional highway model.
Described step 4) is carried out the stereoscopic model alignment, determines whole routing line, and following substep is arranged:
4-1) according to 3-4-4 step by step) highway, the relief model set up, adopt the VRML interaction technique to enter the viewpoint of every kilometer pile No., check the rationality of flat vertical combination by the 3D display device, adjust the viewpoint height, watch design and environmental relation, as find unreasonable part, adjust planar line position or gradient incline at once;
4-2) by 3D display device multi angle view bridge, tunnel the actual situation that combines with landform, the bridge tunnel pile No. of determining done further accurately adjust, along route working direction flight roaming, check whether all fronts side slope setting is reasonable;
4-3), enter highway 3 D stereo view true to nature, in highway 3 D stereo view, further regulate the line position by transversal section simulation, driving stimulation, sighting distance detection, environmental landscape coordination mode by the different vision of 3D display device simulation human eye right and left eyes;
4-4) adopt the plane to overlook, the high-altitude is got a bird's eye view, the visual simulation formal check route selection scheme of low-latitude flying, road traveling, if find that in simulation there is better scheme the planar line position, just select another planar line position, return step 2) carry out the plane alignment, reselect accurate line position;
4-5) immediate updating quantities is completely checked the variation of each adjusted construction costs, up to definite best route scheme.
Described step 1) can be obtained the DEM of route through the zone fast by photogrammetry, topomap digitizing method and three kinds of modes of ground survey method, is used for route selection; Do not use DEM in the existing route selection process, and only utilize digital terrain figure.Realize that the stack of high resolution image figure and digital terrain figure uses, can be in the alignment process of plane true to naturely see landform and landforms; Existing is direct alignment on digital terrain figure, can't see the landform chromatic image.
Described step 2) DEM is carried out piecemeal and handle, the orthophotoquad after correcting is carried out the mapping of texture piecemeal by the piecemeal general layout of DEM, can reduce data operation quantity and reach more than 10 times, show the large-scale terrain purpose to reach quick simulation.Adopt boundary line calculating, summit leash law,, realized that the model of dimensional topography is finally set up according to outer boundary line clipping terrain mesh; Existing application at terrain visualization is not carried out cutting efficiently by the border of route trend, causes data redundancy, and display efficiency is lower in real time, can not be used for the highway three-dimensional line-selection of large-scale terrain.
Described step 3) adopts virtual reality technology to create and shows the dimensional topography model, and simulation human eye displaying principle more truly shows the dimensional topography environment, so that realize three-dimensional alignment; Existing route selection can't be accomplished three dimensional stress.Adopt three-dimensional flat vertical routing method to carry out interactive mode and draw the slope, can intuitively see the spatial relationship of design lines and landform, can accurately select the suitable sloping line that draws, avoid situation is not on the spot understood and the error that occurs, reach and accurately draw slope, the purpose in shortening cycle; Existing route selection all is to draw the slope in the plane, and is directly perceived inadequately, can't combine closely with peripheral landform, view.Dynamically adjust the route horizontal and vertical alignment, in the process of route selection, obtain quantity of earth work in real time, be beneficial to the optimum repeatedly adjustment of route by DEM, make variant projects of location more economically, more reasonable; Existing route selection can only be after scheme be all determined, ability calculated route quantity of earth work, and intercycle is very long, under the situation that requires the deadline weak point, tends to ignore a lot of useful project settings.Use the method for seamless stack realistic terrain and three-dimensional highway model, can realize that highway model and relief block three-dimensional integrated, set up accurate highway, relief model; Existing highway three-dimensional model can only be used for driving stimulation, is not used for route selection and combine closely with large-scale terrain.
Described step 4) is a stereoscopic model alignment process, can enter highway 3 D stereo view true to nature by route selection personnel simulation by the 3D display device, refine to the route side slope, the adjustment of gutter, the method variation of adjusting, the easier problem that allows the route selection personnel find route existence in the route selection process, it is abundanter to allow the route selection personnel obtain, information intuitively, and accurately finish the route route selection, with accurate highway model, dimensional topography carries out route selection by the stereo display mode, need to solve the highway modeling, stereo display in real time, model optimization, the technical matters that scene is mutual, this is that prior art can't be accomplished.
In sum, the beneficial effect that is compared with the prior art of the present invention is:
The inventive method can be passed through the different visions of 3D stereoscopic display device realistic simulation people right and left eyes in the route selection process, watch the route addressing more directly perceived, three-dimensionally, and refine to the layings in landform such as bridge, tunnel, side slope, gutter, route selection and true three-dimension view are on the spot combined closely, at once draw route earth volume and construction costs, decide adjustment and a plurality of first route selection comparison of deciding after route selection changes at the beginning of being beneficial to, determine that whole routing line is the route of real economical rationality.The inventive method not only can be used for route selection, and can be used for route selection optimization is carried out in the route selection of adopting classic method, to save the investment of whole piece highway.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is the process flow diagram of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below the contrast accompanying drawing and in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further illustrated.
A kind of three-dimensional line-selection method that is used for certain section highway may further comprise the steps:
Step 1) is obtained route through region D EM and high resolution image figure, and following substep is arranged:
1-1) obtain the DEM of route, obtain the mode of DEM, comprise photogrammetry, topomap digitizing method and ground survey method through the zone;
Described photogrammetry is to be data source with aviation or spacer remote sensing image, utilizes the remote sensing stereogram, adopts photogrammetric method to set up the space relief model, measures intensive digital elevation data, sets up DEM; The photogrammetric apparatus of image data comprises the stereoscopic plotter of having self-recording unit, stereocomparator, the planicomp of having self-recording unit, and digital Photogrammetric System;
Described topomap digitizing method be with engineer's scale greater than 1: 1 ten thousand country in the recent period topomap be data source, therefrom measure the altitude figures of intermediate density ground point set, set up DEM, concrete acquisition method comprises manual acquisition method, manual tracking digitizer acquisition method, scanning collection method;
Described ground survey method is used to set up the DEM in large scale zone among a small circle, is to utilize measuring equipment to measure the three elements of terrain object point: direction, distance and the discrepancy in elevation, draw the three-dimensional coordinate of impact point, and be stored as the raw data of setting up DEM; Described measuring equipment comprises GPS, full site type electronic tachometer (Electronic Total Station), and distance-measuring theodolite;
1-2) obtain high resolution image figure, comprise the remote sensing image of the sensor shooting that remote sensing image that sensor that satellite carries takes and aircraft or balloon carry;
The resolution of described remote sensing image and remote sensing image is at least 1m, and wherein the satellite remote sensing picture comprises that resolution is the IKONOS satellite image of 1m, the QuickBird satellite image that resolution is 0.61m.
2) carry out the preliminary alignment in plane, following substep arranged:
2-1) high resolution image figure is transformed to orthophotoquad, carries out accurate registration with terrain data after the conversion, scope, border that area that satellite photo shows and terrain data are represented are consistent;
2-2) carry out the preliminary alignment in plane; Digital terrain figure and orthophotoquad are superposed to the plane topomap at same coordinate-system, on the topomap of plane,, adjust the route horizontal alignment, i.e. the preliminary alignment in plane according to the highway geometry trend; Comprise visual location relation, tentatively determine horizontal alignment, obtain the curve element of plane route and pursue a stake coordinate according to highway and true environment on the topomap of plane;
Described true environment comprises river, village, highway, level line, elevation;
Described orthophotoquad is the remote sensing image with orthogonal projection character, is through the image after several how correction, can be directly used in image interpretation, measurement and thematic charting;
2-3) piecemeal is handled DEM, and large-scale terrain is carried out the mapping of texture piecemeal, comprises step by step following:
2-3-1) according to step 2-2) the preliminary alignment in plane obtain determine the route trend scope by a stake coordinate data, be principle to cover the route trend scope and to avoid data overlapping as far as possible, piecemeal is handled DEM, and represents the 3 D belt landform with the seamless spliced DEM of polylith;
Described seamless spliced, refer to that DEM exists with the rectangular blocks of different sizes, closely connect at three dimensions, do not have overlappingly between each piece, there is not the slit yet;
2-3-2) orthophotoquad is carried out the mapping of texture piecemeal by the piecemeal general layout of DEM;
Described texture piecemeal mapping is that the apex coordinate of every orthography after cutting apart, image resolution, image length, picture traverse and dem data are set up one-to-one relationship with bulk striograph dividing processing;
2-4) cutting terrain mesh, the scope cutting terrain mesh according to the preliminary alignment in plane comprises step by step following:
2-4-1) according to step 2-2) the preliminary alignment in plane obtain by the stake coordinate data, calculating is by the external edge boundary line of cutting landform, and described external edge boundary line comprises the set of route right side boundary point, starting point route normal, the terminal point route normal of the outline line that the route left border point of the outline line that expression right wing line center line spreads is to the left gathered, expression right wing line center line spreads to the right;
2-4-2) will be step by step 2-4-1) in beyond the border the data point screening outside, select first one by one to last piece dem data;
2-4-3) adopt the summit leash law to judge and select reasonable frontier point;
Described summit leash law is the precision according to the DEM graticule mesh, select to constitute the coordinate on four summits of rectangle, judge 4 whether screened outside the boundary line, if 4 are all screened outside the boundary line, then a large amount of dem data points of its inside are just no longer done the border judgement;
2-4-4) point not screened in the every dem data is carried out the three dimensions network forming, formation has along the relief block of route trend attribute, and model is used for three-dimensional flat vertical alignment.
3) carry out the flat vertical alignment of three-dimensional, determine to comprise following substep based on three-dimensional road longitudinal gradient:
3-1) adopt virtual reality technology to create and demonstration dimensional topography model, comprise step by step following:
3-1-1) adopt virtual reality technology to set up relief block and the route areal model that cuts;
Described virtual reality is meant the artificial world that is generated by computing machine, and in the described artificial world, the people can use the natural way operand, with the object interaction;
Described natural way is voice and human action;
Described human action comprises head rotation, eye movement and gesture;
Described virtual reality adopts three-dimensional equipment or sensing equipment and VRML to finish interactive operation;
3-1-2) adopt VRML to realize highway geometry roaming real-time, interactive, and 2-D data and three-dimensional mutual;
3-1-3) adopt the stereo display driving of 3D display device and VRML to combine, show real dimensional topography in real time, realize that stereoscopic vision shows, forms the different image of sight angle at people's right and left eyes;
Described 3D display device comprises three-dimensional goggles with color filter, helmet-type 3D display and 3D projector equipment.
3-2) determine to comprise step by step following based on three-dimensional road longitudinal gradient:
3-2-1) from dem data, obtain route center line ground elevation, be used for auxiliary vertical section and draw the slope and watch the situation of drawing sloping line and above-ground route to intersect;
3-2-2) show the DEM model of stack high resolution image by the real time implementation of 3D display device, step by step 3-2-1) the route center line ground elevation that obtains, show reference when being used to draw the slope at the DEM model surface in the line segment mode of being close to the face of land and distributing;
3-2-3) the three-dimensional flat vertical alignment of beginning, on 3-D view, take visual way, adjust horizontal alignment, longitudinal gradient, the vertical curve of highway geometry, starting point from route, show the 3-D view of each kilometer pile No. successively, draw the slope, adjust knick point and longitudinal gradient, vertical curve numerical value by alternant way, draw in the sloping process by drawing the vertical range of sloping line and ground elevation line, directly inquiry is filled out and is dug height;
3-2-4) draw the slope to the terminal point of route, represent the grade line that forms with data file, drawn path vertical curve figure adjusts the position of unreasonable knick point at three dimensions with reference to drawing;
3-2-5) behind adjustment knick point and the longitudinal gradient, enter the route 3-D view by the 3D display device, adjust the viewpoint height, the simulation examine on the spot, determine route plane, longitudinal gradient and structure pile No. along the line, described structure along the line comprises bridge, tunnel, separation viaduct;
3-2-6) calculate construction costs based on DEM in real time, comprise earthwork, every section earthwork, every kilometer earthwork completely, the joining of highway model and relief block all adopts hyperbolic paraboloid interpolation method difference, fills out with the stereoscopic model processing and digs area.
3-3) dynamically adjust the route horizontal and vertical alignment, comprise step by step following:
3-3-1) the irrational horizontal alignment of continuation adjustment on 3-D view, and corresponding adjustment route plane, longitudinal gradient comprise structure pile No. along the line;
3-3-2), analyze every kilometer earthwork, adjust and optimize the excessive highway section of earthwork according to the horizontal and vertical alignment of route, more reasonable up to route plan;
3-3-3) for route plane existing problems, change greatlyyer, perhaps drawing needs to reselect the route plane behind the slope, repeating step 2) carry out the preliminary alignment in plane.
3-4) seamless stack realistic terrain and three-dimensional highway model comprise step by step following:
3-4-1) constitute earlier complete closure fold line, again at each section closure fold line to landform cutting piecemeal again;
3-4-2) concern the stack high-resolution satellite image by coordinate Mapping at the piecemeal landform;
3-4-3) in three dimensions, draw the highway model; Described highway model comprises roadbed, road surface, side slope, gutter, graticule, railing, greenbelt, earth shoulder, the hard shoulder that reveals, and its left and right sides gutter, side slope and relief block combine together on three dimensions;
3-4-4) stack bridge, tunnel, grade separation model and vehicle, sign board, trees, cloud model are set, set up highway, relief model according to bridge, tunnel, grade separation.
4) carry out the stereoscopic model alignment, adjust the highway stereoscopic model that comprises route transversal section entity at three dimensions in the three-dimensional visible mode, and then adjust route plan, determine whole routing line, described stereoscopic model comprises highway model, relief block, comprises following substep:
4-1) according to 3-4-4 step by step) highway, the relief model set up, adopt the VRML interaction technique to enter the viewpoint of every kilometer pile No., check the rationality of flat vertical combination by the 3D display device, adjust the viewpoint height, watch design and environmental relation, as find unreasonable part, adjust planar line position or gradient incline at once;
4-2) by 3D display device multi angle view bridge, tunnel the actual situation that combines with landform, the bridge tunnel pile No. of determining done further accurately adjust, along route working direction flight roaming, check whether all fronts side slope setting is reasonable;
4-3), enter highway 3 D stereo view true to nature, in highway 3 D stereo view, further regulate the line position by transversal section simulation, driving stimulation, sighting distance detection, environmental landscape coordination mode by the different vision of 3D display device simulation human eye right and left eyes;
4-4) adopt the plane to overlook, the high-altitude is got a bird's eye view, the visual simulation formal check route selection scheme of low-latitude flying, road traveling, if find that in simulation there is better scheme the planar line position, just select another planar line position, return step 2) carry out the plane alignment, reselect accurate line position;
4-5) immediate updating quantities is completely checked the variation of each adjusted construction costs, up to definite best route scheme.
Above content be in conjunction with concrete preferred implementation to further describing that the present invention did, can not assert that concrete enforcement of the present invention is confined to these explanations.For the general technical staff of the technical field of the invention; make some alternative or obvious modification that are equal to without departing from the inventive concept of the premise; and performance or purposes are identical, then should be considered as belonging to the protection domain that the present invention is determined by claims of being submitted to.
Claims (5)
1. three-dimensional line-selection method for road is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
1) obtains DEM and the high resolution image figure of route through the zone;
2) carry out the preliminary alignment in plane;
3) carry out the flat vertical alignment of three-dimensional;
4) carry out the stereoscopic model alignment, determine whole routing line.
2. three-dimensional line-selection method for road according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described step 1) is obtained DEM and the high resolution image figure of route through the zone, and following substep is arranged:
1-1) obtain the DEM of route through the zone;
1-2) obtain high resolution image figure, comprise the remote sensing image of the sensor shooting that remote sensing image that sensor that satellite carries takes and aircraft or balloon carry.
3. three-dimensional line-selection method for road according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
Described step 2) carry out the preliminary alignment in plane, following substep arranged:
2-1) high resolution image figure is transformed to orthophotoquad;
2-2) carry out the preliminary alignment in plane;
2-3) piecemeal is handled DEM, and large-scale terrain is carried out the mapping of texture piecemeal;
2-4) cutting terrain mesh.
4. three-dimensional line-selection method for road according to claim 3 is characterized in that:
Described step 3) is carried out the flat vertical alignment of three-dimensional, and following substep is arranged:
3-1) adopt virtual reality technology to create and demonstration dimensional topography model;
3-2) determine based on three-dimensional road longitudinal gradient;
3-3) dynamically adjust the route horizontal and vertical alignment;
3-4) seamless stack realistic terrain and three-dimensional highway model.
5. three-dimensional line-selection method for road according to claim 4 is characterized in that:
Described step 4) is carried out the stereoscopic model alignment, determines whole routing line, and following substep is arranged:
4-1) according to 3-4-4 step by step) highway, the relief model set up, adopt the VRML interaction technique to enter the viewpoint of every kilometer pile No., check the rationality of flat vertical combination by the 3D display device, adjust the viewpoint height, watch design and environmental relation, as find unreasonable part, adjust planar line position or gradient incline at once;
4-2) by 3D display device multi angle view bridge, tunnel the actual situation that combines with landform, the bridge tunnel pile No. of determining done further accurately adjust, along route working direction flight roaming, check whether all fronts side slope setting is reasonable;
4-3), enter highway 3 D stereo view true to nature, in highway 3 D stereo view, further regulate the line position by transversal section simulation, driving stimulation, sighting distance detection, environmental landscape coordination mode by the different vision of 3D display device simulation human eye right and left eyes;
4-4) adopt the plane to overlook, the high-altitude is got a bird's eye view, the visual simulation formal check route selection scheme of low-latitude flying, road traveling, if find that in simulation there is better scheme the planar line position, just select another planar line position, return step 2) carry out the plane alignment, reselect accurate line position;
4-5) immediate updating quantities is completely checked the variation of each adjusted construction costs, up to definite best route scheme.
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| CN100501773C (en) * | 2007-11-20 | 2009-06-17 | 中交第二公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Highway measuring and setting method based on three-dimensional airborne LIDAR |
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