CN101523136A - Refrigerating arrangement comprising a hot connection element and a cold connection element and a heat exchanger tube connected to the connection elements - Google Patents
Refrigerating arrangement comprising a hot connection element and a cold connection element and a heat exchanger tube connected to the connection elements Download PDFInfo
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- CN101523136A CN101523136A CNA2007800364542A CN200780036454A CN101523136A CN 101523136 A CN101523136 A CN 101523136A CN A2007800364542 A CNA2007800364542 A CN A2007800364542A CN 200780036454 A CN200780036454 A CN 200780036454A CN 101523136 A CN101523136 A CN 101523136A
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
- F25D19/006—Thermal coupling structure or interface
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D16/00—Devices using a combination of a cooling mode associated with refrigerating machinery with a cooling mode not associated with refrigerating machinery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F2013/005—Thermal joints
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/04—Cooling
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a refrigerating arrangement (100) comprising a hot connection element and a cold connection element (101, 103) and a heat exchanger tube arranged between said connection elements (101, 103). The heat exchanger tube (105) is to be at least partially filled with a liquid (106) that can be circulated in the heat exchanger tube (105) by a thermosiphon effect. The parts (102) to be cooled of a device, especially used in supraconductivity technology, are connected to the hot connection element (101), and a heat sink (104) is connected to the cold connection element (103). Inorder to thermally separate the connection elements (101, 103), the liquid (106) can be pumped out by means of a pipeline (107) connected to the inside of the heat exchanger tube (105).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of refrigeration system, it has
-at least one thermally coupled element, with the parts thermally coupled to be cooled of an equipment,
-at least one cold connection element, with the low-temperature receiver thermally coupled,
-at least one heat pipe that is made of the bad material of heat conductivility links to each other with described thermally coupled element at first end, links to each other with described cold connection element at second end, and its inner chamber to small part is perfused with the liquid that can utilize thermosyphon effect to circulate.
Background technology
Refrigeration system with above-mentioned feature is for example open from DE 102 11 568 B4.
Cooling system for example is used for the cooling system of superconducting magnet, adopts so-called bath cold (Badk ü hlung) mode usually.But the cold serviceability temperature of this bath is generally the liquid refrigerant of 4.2K, for example helium.The superconducting magnetic coil system of the NMR spectrometer that is disclosed among DE 10 2,004 060 832 B3 adopts bath cold.The design of Cooling System of NMR spectrometer is that circulating refrigerant drowning on its circulating path the different elements of NMR spectrometer.Can cool off the NMR spectrometer element that a large amount of temperature levels have nothing in common with each other by an independent refrigerator by this cold-producing medium circulation.
But bathe cold needs and use cold-producing medium in a large number.Also have a kind of like this possibility when relating to superconducting magnet, promptly when the critical current of corresponding superconductor or critical magnetic field were exceeded, superconducting magnet can be lost its superconductivity.In the case, can generation violent heating phenomenon in short-term on the superconductor.The heat that is produced can make the cold used cold-producing medium of bath evaporate in cryostat.A large amount of gaseous refrigerants that produce can make the pressure in the cryostat sharply rise.
For addressing this problem, also for reaching the purpose of cutting down the cold-producing medium cost, people design the cooling system of not being with the cold-producing medium groove simultaneously.This class cooling system need not to use any cold-producing medium.In the case, cooling power is only imported in the district to be cooled by the solid heat transfer system.In this cooling system, district to be cooled for example can pass through copper solid low temperature line (
) link to each other with refrigeration machine.Another kind method is that district to be cooled is linked to each other with a closed pipe system with refrigeration machine, and lower amount of refrigerant is in this pipe-line system inner loop.This class is not with another advantage of the cooling system of cold-producing medium groove, compares with the cooling system with cold-producing medium groove, and the coupling between this class cooling system and the movable load to be cooled is more simple.Therefore, be not specially adapted to the superconducting magnet that ion beam is for example controlled the used frame of cancer with the cooling system of cold-producing medium groove.In above-mentioned cooling system, cooling power can be provided by the refrigeration machine with cold head (especially stirling refrigeration device) usually.
The second level of the cold head mechanically hot linked superconducting magnet of supporting structure direct and the superconducting magnet winding is for example open from US 5,396,206.In this superconducting magnet, required cooling power directly imports the superconducting magnet winding by the solid heat transfer system.If but must change cold head for maintenance purpose the time, the above-mentioned cooling device that is used for superconducting magnet will produce great technical problem.In the replacing process, air or other gas can be frozen on the low temperature contact-making surface (being the supporting structure of superconduction winding in the case).Be formed on these locational ice and can destroy the cold head that comes into operation once more and the thermally coupled between the winding supporting structure.
Freeze for avoiding that gas takes place on the low temperature contact-making surface, these contact-making surfaces can be heated to the temperature that approaches room temperature.Its result often, have only all parts of appliance to be cooled (for example whole superconduction windings of a magnet) all are heated to room temperature after, just can carry out cold head and change.For large scale system, this heating period and the cooling stage that carries out subsequently need continue the long period especially.This can cause the downtime of system longer.In addition, the energy consumption in heating and cooling stage is also very big.
Scheme also can avoid ambient gas to freeze on the low temperature contact-making surface by following manner as an alternative, promptly expressly pours into gas in the zone around these contact-making surfaces.But this measure is comparatively complicated, needs to consume a large amount of flushing gas or vaporized refrigerant.
EP 0 696 380 B1 have disclosed a kind of superconducting magnet that has the refrigeration system of exempting from cold-producing medium.The refrigeration system that is disclosed has the heat transfer line of being made by the good material of heat conductivility (for example copper), and this heat transfer line links to each other with superconducting magnet.The heat transfer line also can link to each other with two cold heads.These two cold heads are with respect to heat transfer line symmetric arrangement.They can shift to the heat transfer bar from relative both sides respectively.Can make one or two cold head and the thermo-contact of heat transfer bar in this way.Cooling power is then corresponding to import the heat transfer line by one or two cold head.
When one of them cold head of this known refrigeration system is changed, this cold head is mechanically removed from the heat transfer line, be made cold head and the thermal release of heat transfer line whereby.In the case, cooling power is only provided by remaining cold head.So just can change, and need not superconducting magnet is heated the cold head of removing from the heat transfer bar.But the cold head of the refrigeration system that EP 0 696 380 B1 are disclosed must be taked the movable embodiment of machinery, and this need be provided with a large amount of low temperature assembly and a corresponding frame for movement, and this mechanism may very easily be interfered.
JP 2000-146333 A has disclosed a kind of apparatus and method that are used to safeguard subcolling condenser.Before changing subcolling condenser or cold head, in liquid nitrogen tank, an identical corresponding cold head of structure is carried out precooling earlier.By the identical cold head of this structure is carried out precooling, the assembly of this cold head is had and the corresponding similar temperature of assembly to be replaced.The low temperature condition of the refrigeration system inside that needs the replacing cold head is remained unchanged substantially.
DE 102 11 568 B4 have disclosed a kind of refrigeration system with two cold heads, and these two cold heads link to each other with the assembly to be cooled of equipment by pipe-line system, and cold-producing medium can circulate at pipe-line system inner utilization thermosyphon effect.Pipe-line system has a component.There is a refrigerant chamber respectively in the end of branch road, and these refrigerant chamber link to each other with a cold head respectively.Liquid refrigerant carries out diabatic process sinking to from one of them refrigerant chamber on the parts to be cooled of equipment under the gravity effect at this.Gaseous refrigerant rises on two cold heads by pipe-line system again, is liquefied again at this.This cold-producing medium circulation in the pipe-line system both can be carried out under the situation that two cold heads are all worked again under the situation of having only a cold head job.If with refrigerant system design be, an independent cold head also can provide required cooling power for the parts to be cooled of equipment, just can change another cold head in the course of work of refrigeration system.For farthest reducing heat loss, the pipe-line system between component and the refrigerant chamber (linking to each other with a cold head respectively) is made with the bad material of heat conductivility.Can be limited the caused loss of solid heat transfer system whereby.But gas refrigerant still can rise on the position of the cold head that does not have cold head or disconnected.In the case, though can limit, can't limit the caused loss of circulating refrigerant to the caused loss of solid heat transfer system.
DE 101 04 653 A1 have disclosed a kind of mechanical thermoswitch, and it comprises the first basin shape metallic object, and the mode that the first basin shape metallic object can form fit is surrounded second metallic object.For this reason, first metallic object have one can with the free end of the overcoat form fit of second metallic object.In the first basin shape metallic object the 4th metallic object is arranged, the 3rd metallic object goes in ring from the outside and surrounds first metallic object of basin shape.Compress the bowl-shaped body inwall of first metallic object during the 4th metallic object expanded by heating, drive the free end of first metallic object whereby, thereby disconnect being connected between first metallic object and second metallic object.Can remove the thermo-contact between first metallic object and second metallic object in this way.During the cooling of first metallic object, annular the 3rd metallic object that surrounds first metallic object shrinks, and the free end of first metallic object is pressed to second metallic object.Thermoswitch can be connected in this way.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of refrigeration system, wherein, the parts to be cooled of equipment link to each other with low-temperature receiver by heat pipe, liquid can utilize thermosyphon effect to circulate in described heat pipe, wherein, need not to separate with described low-temperature receiver machinery can be basic and described low-temperature receiver thermal release for the parts to be cooled of described equipment.
This purpose is reached by the described measure of claim 1.Wherein, design of the present invention is: the heat exchange between the parts to be cooled of low-temperature receiver and equipment is basically by utilizing the liquid that thermosyphon effect circulates in heat pipe to realize.Be the thermal release of the parts to be cooled of realizing low-temperature receiver and equipment, can be by the pipeline that links to each other with the heat pipe inner chamber heat pipe of finding time.Meanwhile, heat pipe should be to make with the bad material of heat conductivility.By these measures with the thermally coupled between the parts to be cooled of low-temperature receiver and equipment be reduced to by the definition of the solid heat transfer ability of heat pipe than low degree.Refrigeration system of the present invention comprises the hot linked thermally coupled element of parts to be cooled of at least one and equipment and at least one and the hot linked cold connection element of low-temperature receiver.The heat pipe that is made of the bad material of heat conductivility links to each other with the thermally coupled element at first end, link to each other with cold connection element at second end, and with the separable mechanical connection of being connected to of cold connection element.The inner chamber of heat pipe to small part is perfused with the liquid that can utilize thermosyphon effect to circulate.Described refrigeration system also comprises pipeline, and described pipeline links to each other with the inner chamber of heat pipe by first end, and is designed to, described pipeline on the geodesy meaning, be higher than liquid level to the small part section.According to the present invention,, can from heat pipe, extract liquid out by described pipeline for carrying out thermal release to Connection Element.
Advantage with refrigeration system of above-mentioned feature mainly is, by extracting liquid out from inside heat pipe, can significantly weaken the Heat Transfer of Heat Pipe on Heat Pipe ability.Can make the basic and low-temperature receiver thermal release of parts to be cooled of equipment in this way, and need not to be provided with second low-temperature receiver, also need not to make one or more low-temperature receivers to make mechanical movement.If remove from refrigeration system and the cold connection element low-temperature receiver that links to each other of machinery separably, cold connection element just can heat up at short notice, makes the gas that is comprised in air or the surrounding environment on the cold connection element surface freezing of less degree only be taken place.Can avoid taking place on the contact-making surface between cold connection element and the low-temperature receiver phenomenon of freezing in this way to the full extent.Under the situation that the degree of freezing alleviates to some extent, the thermo-contact that is realized when reusing low-temperature receiver is significantly better than the thermo-contact that has on the contact-making surface when obviously freezing phenomenon.In addition, this thermal release can prevent the influence that the low-temperature space at the parts to be cooled place of equipment is subjected to entering this regional hot-fluid.In this way, even if when changing low-temperature receiver, also can make the parts to be cooled of equipment keep the low temperature of expection.Can realize a kind of like this refrigeration system by above-mentioned measure, in this refrigeration system,, heat and need not to treat cooling-part even if under the situation of using an independent low-temperature receiver, also can change, safeguard or it is temporarily removed to this low-temperature receiver.Refrigeration system of the present invention is specially adapted to the equipment in superconductor technology field.
But obtain in the dependent claims of the favourable improvement project accessory rights requirement 1 of refrigeration system of the present invention.Wherein, embodiment according to claim 1 can combine with the feature of one of them or preferred a plurality of dependent claims.In view of the above, refrigeration system of the present invention also can have following feature:
The parts to be cooled of-equipment can be arranged in can evacuated cryostat in, second end of pipeline can be positioned at the cryostat outside.By can particularly advantageously low temperature parts and its surrounding environment heat of equipment being isolated by evacuated cryostat.It is special effective isolation for the low temperature parts of equipment that this heat is isolated.Avoid occurring the phenomenon of freezing on the contact-making surface of this equipment low temperature part requirement cold connection element.Therefore, the refrigeration system of employing the foregoing description is specially adapted to have the device of low temperature parts.
-can exist to have the first order and partial multi-stage refrigerating machine, wherein, low-temperature receiver can be made of the second level, and the first order can link to each other with the thermal insulation board in being arranged in cryostat is mechanical separably.The multi-stage refrigerating machine is specially adapted to be cooled to the part of appliance of low-down temperature.The particularly advantageous thermal insulation board that is to use is used as further provision for thermal insulation.The present invention makes the parts to be cooled of equipment and the measure advantageous particularly of refrigeration machine second level thermal release, can realize thermal release because need not movable member, and this point is favourable for the cooling system of complicated in mechanical structure.
-refrigeration machine is installed in and can evacuatedly safeguards in the chamber in removable mode at least in part, and the described chamber of safeguarding is with can evacuated cryostat separated from one another.By means of with can evacuated cryostat separate equally also can evacuatedly safeguard the chamber, can under the situation of the vacuum of not destroying cryostat, implement the replacing process of refrigeration machine.In the case, maintenance process is simple and efficient especially.
-described liquid can two-phase mixture form exist.If the liquid in the heat pipe exists with the two-phase form, just can in heat pipe, realize the liquid circulation, wherein, and the condensation on the cold junction of heat pipe of gas phase liquid, liquid phase liquid evaporates on the hot junction of heat pipe.The latent heat of phase transformation can be used for diabatic process in this way.But also can on free convection basis, carry out corresponding single-phase liquid circulation based on density contrast.
-refrigeration system can be pivoted, and this substantially parallel axes is in the symmetry axis of heat pipe.In addition, the cross section of first section that links to each other with the thermally coupled element of heat pipe can be greater than the cross section of second section that links to each other with cold connection element.The part that being used to of heat pipe connects first section and second section can be designed to, and condensed refrigerant can arrive first section in the clear under the gravity effect in second section.That refrigeration system with above-mentioned feature is specially adapted to is movable, take the parts to be cooled of the equipment of rotatable arrangement in the case.By adopt this specialized designs for heat pipe,, also can guarantee to have thermo-contact at any time between the parts to be cooled of refrigeration machine and equipment even if under the situation that part of appliance to be cooled is rotated.
-described pipeline can link to each other with heat pipe and cryostat are outside in its end near the heat pipe symmetry axis.In addition, described pipeline also can have at least one centre portion near described axle on its bearing of trend.By adopt above-mentioned design for pipeline, under the situation that can rotate, prevent that cold-producing medium from arriving the hot junction that is fixed on the cryostat outside of pipeline by pipeline at the parts to be cooled of equipment.Can avoid in the pipeline at the low-temperature space of inside heat pipe in this way and be installed between the pipe end of cryostat outside the cold-producing medium circulation occurring.Particularly advantageously be, can suppress the above-mentioned cold-producing medium caused heat loss that circulates by adopt above-mentioned design for pipeline.
The centre portion of-described pipeline can have a V-arrangement extension of extending to axle A direction.The pipeline of crooked forming V-shape be described pipeline a kind of especially simply, especially effective design.
-heat pipe can be designed to be substantially frustum shaped.By heat pipe design is become frustum shaped, can make heat pipe have simple especially, with low cost and effective shape.
-described refrigeration system can comprise additional cooling system, and this additional cooling system has following feature at least: the refrigerant chamber that links to each other with cold connection element; Carrier pipe can be that refrigerant chamber is poured into second cold-producing medium from higher position on the outside geodesy of cryostat by this carrier pipe; With the hot linked in large area pipe-line system of the parts to be cooled of equipment, second cold-producing medium can utilize thermosyphon effect to circulate in pipe-line system; Blast pipe, second cold-producing medium of gaseous state can be overflowed from pipe-line system by blast pipe.Under the bigger situation of quality to be cooled, can accelerate the speed of cooling stage by additional cooling system with above-mentioned feature.By higher position is to cold-producing medium intra-bladder instillation second cold-producing medium on the outside geodesy of cryostat by carrier pipe, the parts to be cooled that can be equipment provide extra cooling power.Second cold-producing medium of any generation evaporation can be overflowed from pipe-line system by blast pipe.Can avoid producing in the pipe-line system overvoltage whereby.Second cold-producing medium can utilize thermosyphon effect to circulate in pipe-line system inside, thereby realizes effectively cooling.
-Connection Element can be made of the good material of heat conductivility, preferably is made of copper.Heat pipe can be made of the material that thermal conductivity is lower than copper, preferably is made of stainless steel.By making up Connection Element, both can between Connection Element and low-temperature receiver, can between the parts to be cooled of Connection Element and equipment, realize especially effectively thermal coupling again with the good material of heat conductivility (for example copper).The capacity of heat transmission of heat pipe depends primarily on the cold-producing medium in the inside heat pipe circulation.If heat pipe self is to make with the bad material of heat conductivility (for example stainless steel),, just can greatly weaken the capacity of heat transmission of heat pipe by extracting its inner cold-producing medium out.
-described equipment can be to be used for radiotherapeutic stand arrangement, and parts to be cooled can be the magnets that the particle beams is deflected of being used to of frame.Refrigeration system of the present invention is specially adapted to frame, because magnet to be cooled need be rotated around the symmetry axis of frame.
Description of drawings
The favourable design of other of refrigeration system of the present invention can obtain from NM claim above and the accompanying drawing that hereinafter will be illustrated.What accompanying drawing showed is the schematic diagram of the preferred design of refrigeration system of the present invention, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of refrigeration system;
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of rotatable refrigeration system; And
Fig. 3 is the sectional view that has the rotatable refrigeration system of additional cooling system.
The specific embodiment
Same parts is represented with same reference numeral in each accompanying drawing.Unspecified parts belong to general prior art.
What Fig. 1 showed is the structural representation of the refrigeration system 100 of an embodiment.The parts to be cooled 102 of equipment are positioned at cryostat 108.For example, the parts to be cooled 102 of equipment can be the magnet winding of superconducting magnet or other parts of superconductor technology.For improving effect of heat insulation, thermal insulation board 112 is installed in the cryostat 108.The cooling power that is used for the parts to be cooled 102 of equipment is provided by refrigeration machine 109 (for example cold head or Stirling refrigerator).Preferably can use the cold head that carries out work according to Gifford-McMahon (Ji Fude-McMahon) principle.According to present embodiment, this two-stage refrigeration machine can be by its first order 111 and thermal insulation board 112 thermally coupleds.Being connected between the first order 111 of refrigeration machine 109 and the thermal insulation board 112 preferably can be separable mechanical connection, and for example spiral connects or clamps and connects, and this connections while can be guaranteed thermo-contact good between the assembly.The second level 110 of refrigeration machine 109 constitutes refrigeration system 100 low-temperature receiver 104 truly.The second level 110 and the cold connection element 103 of refrigeration machine 109 are in thermally coupled.This connection preferably can be that spiral connects.That is to say that refrigeration machine 109 removably is screwed in the cold connection element 103 by its second level 110.The mechanical connection of any other type so long as separable connection, can be guaranteed good thermo-contact between the second level 110 of refrigeration machine 109 and the cold connection element 103 simultaneously again, also all is applicable to embodiment shown in Figure 1.Wherein, Connection Element 101 and 103 can be the parts to be cooled 102 of equipment or the part of low-temperature receiver 104.In addition, Connection Element 101 and 103 also can be incorporated in the corresponding assembly, perhaps for good and all is fixedly linked with these assemblies.
If be full of this liquid in the heat pipe 105, because temperature relation, the fluid density in the cold-zone on heat pipe 105 tops will be bigger than the fluid density in the temperature higher section of heat pipe 105 bottoms.The density contrast of liquid 106 can make and occur above-mentioned thermosyphon circulation phenomenon in the heat pipe 105, and this thermosyphon circulation causes the diabatic process from the parts to be cooled 102 of equipment to low-temperature receiver 104.
Also can part perfusion fluid 106 in the heat pipe 105.In the case, liquid 106 can carry out two-phase circulation, for example liquid-gas phase.In view of the above, gas phase liquid 106 is liquefied in the section of heat pipe 105 and cold connection element 103 thermo-contacts.Condensed fluid 106 moves under the gravity effect in heat pipe 105 compresses lower section as shown in Figure 1, promptly with the section of thermally coupled element 101 thermo-contacts.Liquid 106 is discharged into cooling power on the thermally coupled element 101 in this section of heat pipe 105, and then is applied on the parts to be cooled 102 of equipment, and subsequently, gas phase liquid 106 rises in the top section of heat pipe again.In the case, cold connection element 103 is as condenser, and the thermally coupled element is as evaporimeter.Can or say between the parts to be cooled 102 of its second level 110 and equipment and set up good thermally coupled at refrigeration machine 109 in this way.
In the course of work of refrigeration system 100, may need change refrigeration machine 109 for the needs of maintenance work or owing to break down.Before from refrigeration system 100, removing refrigeration machine 109, should extract the liquid 106 of heat pipe 105 inside out by leading to outside pipeline 107 earlier.Under a lot of situations, only needing to extract out from heat pipe 105 most liquid 106 can achieve the goal; But the whole liquid in the heat pipe 105 of also can finding time.Extract liquid 106 out from heat pipe 105 after, the capacity of heat transmission of heat pipe 105 can obviously weaken.After this, can only carry out solid heat transfer by the material of heat pipe 105 between cold connection element 103 and the thermally coupled element 101.If heat pipe 105 is to make with the bad material of heat conductivility (for example stainless steel), just the heat transfer between the Connection Element 101,103 can be reduced to minimum degree.Except that stainless steel, also various plastics, pottery or other low temperature can be used as the material of heat pipe 105 with material.Another kind can be with the minimized measure of heat transfer degree, the wall of heat pipe 105 made thin especially, and/or is that heat pipe 105 adopts less geometrical size.
After from heat pipe 105, extracting liquid 106 by pipeline 107 out, can ventilate to safeguarding chamber 113.Because surrounding air flows into and safeguards in the chamber 113, keep the parts of lower temperature to begin to heat up before cold connection element 113 and the refrigeration machine 109.Also can in safeguarding chamber 113, pour into special-purpose flushing gas, for example dry air, nitrogen or helium.After safeguarding that the ventilation processing was carried out in chamber 113, just can from refrigeration system 100, remove refrigeration machine 109.Connection Element 103 for low temperature still keeps parts (the particularly parts to be cooled 102 of thermally coupled element 101 and the equipment) thermal release of low temperature with remaining before, thereby is warming up to the temperature that approaches room temperature rapidly.Under the situation that cold connection element 103 generations as indicated above heat up, can avoid the caused icing phenomenon of condensed gas (as surrounding air) basically.So just can be when reusing refrigeration machine 109, guarantee that thermo-contact good between the refrigeration machine second level 110 and the cold connection element 103 contacts with machinery.
The superconducting magnet winding mainly is applicable to the irradiation system that the cancer Part Ther is used.This class superconducting magnet winding is preferably mounted at can be in the frame of determining the axis rotation.
That Fig. 2 shows is whole another embodiment with 100 refrigeration systems of representing, wherein, the whole refrigeration system 100 that comprises parts 102 to be cooled is arranging around the mode of axle A rotation.According to refrigeration system 100 embodiment as shown in Figure 2, parts 102 to be cooled are positioned at cryostat 108, and cryostat 108 has thermal insulation board 112.Refrigeration machine 109 is preferably taked the rotational symmetric design with respect to another B.Refrigeration machine 109 is placed in to be safeguarded in the chamber 113, safeguards that chamber 113 can be independent of cryostat 108 ground and be evacuated.The first order 111 of refrigeration machine 109 links to each other with thermal insulation board 112, and the second level 104 of refrigeration machine 109 links to each other with cold connection element 103.Heat pipe 105 is by first section 202 and cold connection element 103 thermally coupleds, and preferably also machinery links to each other.Another section 201 and 101 thermo-contacts of thermally coupled element of heat pipe 105, the contact of preferred also machinery.First section 202 of heat pipe 105 is littler than the cross section of second section 201 of heat pipe 105.The section 203 of heat pipe 105 connects first section 202 and second section 201 of heat pipe 105, and its design of taking makes condensed fluid 106 can arrive second section 201 from first section 202 in the clear by this section 203 under the gravity effect.Whole heat pipe 105 preferably can have the shape of the truncated cone of closed at both ends.In addition, this heat pipe 105 can also certain mode link to each other with refrigeration machine 109, makes the symmetry axis of the truncated cone overlap with axle B.
It is illustrated to get in touch Fig. 1 as mentioned, can extract liquid 106 out by pipeline 107 from heat pipe 105.Can make the parts to be cooled 102 and low-temperature receiver 104 thermal releases of equipment in this way.In order can in the refrigeration system 100 that axle A is rotated, also to change refrigeration machine 109, should after extracting liquid 106 out, ventilate to working chamber 113 for maintenance purpose this.Be under the rigidly connected situation at thermal insulation board 112 and cryostat 108, can be working chamber 113 and be positioned at section employing flexible design between mounting flange (being used for the first order 111 and the thermal insulation board 112 of refrigeration machine are fixed together) and the condenser 103.This flexible design for example can realize by bellows.Be separating between the second level 110 of realizing refrigeration machine 109 and the condenser 103, condenser 103 can move along axle B by the flexible design of heat pipe 105.For this reason, heat pipe 105 can have a bellows equally.
That Fig. 3 shows is whole another embodiment with 100 refrigeration systems of representing.Compare with refrigeration system shown in Figure 2, refrigeration system 100 shown in Figure 3 has increased an additional cooling system.Refrigerant chamber 301 and cold connection element 103 thermo-contacts, the contact of preferred also machinery.Can in refrigerant chamber 301, pour into cold-producing medium from higher position on the geodesy by carrier pipe 302.Can use and heat pipe 105 used same or analogous cold-producing mediums.For example, can use helium, neon or nitrogen.Be connected with a pipe-line system 303 on the refrigerant chamber 301, this pipe-line system links to each other in large area with the parts to be cooled 102 of equipment.The parts to be cooled 102 that can be equipment in this way provide extra cooling power.The cool time that for example is used for superconducting magnet can significantly be shortened whereby.Any cold-producing medium that evaporation takes place in pipe-line system 303 can be overflowed from pipe-line system 303 by blast pipe 304.
Before by refrigeration machine 109 parts 102 to be cooled further being cooled to more low temperature, can be earlier by the cheap and nitrogen that is easy to buy the parts to be cooled 102 of equipment be carried out precooling with above-mentioned additional cooling device.The specification requirement of using additional cooling device is to make refrigeration system 100 stop rotation around axle A, or slows down its movement velocity at least, makes to occur cold-producing medium circulation based on thermosyphon effect in the pipe-line system 303 under the gravity effect.
Claims (15)
1. a refrigeration system (100) has
A. at least one thermally coupled element (101), with parts to be cooled (102) thermally coupled of an equipment,
B. at least one cold connection element (103), with low-temperature receiver (104) thermally coupled,
C. at least one heat pipe (105) that constitutes by bad heat conductivility material, link to each other with described thermally coupled element (101) at first end, terminal link to each other second with described cold connection element (103) is mechanical separably, the inner chamber of described heat pipe to small part is perfused with the liquid (106) that can utilize thermosyphon effect to circulate, and
D. at least one pipeline (107), described pipeline terminally links to each other with the inner chamber of described heat pipe (105) first, and is designed to, described pipeline (107) on the geodesy meaning, be higher than liquid level to the small part section,
E. wherein, for carrying out thermal release, can extract described liquid (106) out by described pipeline (107) to described Connection Element (101,103).
2. refrigeration system according to claim 1 (100) is characterized in that,
The parts to be cooled (102) of described equipment be arranged in one can evacuated cryostat (108) in, second end of described pipeline (107) is positioned at described cryostat (108) outside.
3. refrigeration system according to claim 2 (100) is characterized in that,
Multi-stage refrigerating machine (109) with the first order (111) and the second level (110), wherein, described low-temperature receiver (104) is made of the described second level (110), and the described first order (111) and is arranged in mechanical separably the linking to each other of thermal insulation board (112) in the described cryostat (108).
4. refrigeration system according to claim 3 (100) is characterized in that,
Described refrigeration machine (109) is installed in one in removable mode at least in part and can evacuatedly safeguards in the chamber (113), the described chamber and described can evacuated cryostat (108) separated from one another of safeguarding.
5. the described refrigeration system of each claim (100) in requiring according to aforesaid right is characterized in that,
Described liquid (106) exists with the form of two-phase mixture.
6. the described refrigeration system of each claim (100) in requiring according to aforesaid right is characterized in that,
A. described refrigeration system can be around axle (A) rotation, and described substantially parallel axes is in the symmetry axis (B) of described heat pipe (105),
The cross section of first section (201) that links to each other with described thermally coupled element (101) of b. described heat pipe (105) is greater than the cross section of second section (202) that links to each other with described cold connection element (103), the section (203) that being used to of described heat pipe connects described first section (201) and described second section (202) is designed to, and condensed refrigerant (106) can arrive described first section (201) in the clear under the gravity effect in described second section (202).
7. refrigeration system according to claim 6 (100) is characterized in that,
Described pipeline (107) links to each other with described heat pipe (105) and described cryostat (108) are outside in its end near the symmetry axis (B) of described heat pipe (105), and described pipeline (107) has at least one centre portion (204) near described axle (A) on its bearing of trend.
8. refrigeration system according to claim 7 (100) is characterized in that,
Centre portion (204) on the bearing of trend of described pipeline (107) has a v-shaped bending portion to the bending of described axle (A) direction.
9. according to the described refrigeration system of each claim (100) in the claim 6 to 8, it is characterized in that,
Described heat pipe (105) is designed to be substantially frustum shaped.
10. the described refrigeration system of each claim (100) in requiring according to aforesaid right is characterized in that an additional cooling system, and described additional cooling system comprises
A. a refrigerant chamber (301) links to each other with described cold connection element (103),
B. a carrier pipe (302) can be described refrigerant chamber (301) perfusion second cold-producing medium from higher position on the outside geodesy meaning of described cryostat (108) by described carrier pipe,
C. a pipe-line system (303), with parts to be cooled (102) thermally coupled in large area of described equipment, described second cold-producing medium can utilize thermosyphon effect to circulate in described pipe-line system, and
D. a blast pipe (304), second cold-producing medium of gaseous state can be overflowed from described pipe-line system (303) by described blast pipe.
11. according to the described refrigeration system of each claim (100) in the aforesaid right requirement, it is characterized in that,
Described Connection Element (101,103) is made of the good material of heat conductivility, preferably is made of copper.
12. according to the described refrigeration system of each claim (100) in the aforesaid right requirement, it is characterized in that,
Described heat pipe (105) is made of the material that thermal conductivity is lower than copper, preferably is made of stainless steel.
13. according to the described refrigeration system of each claim (100) in the aforesaid right requirement, it is characterized in that,
Described equipment comprises superconductive element.
14. according to the described refrigeration system of each claim (100) in the aforesaid right requirement, it is characterized in that,
Described equipment is to be used for radiotherapeutic stand arrangement.
15. refrigeration system according to claim 14 (100) is characterized in that,
Described parts to be cooled (102) are to be used to magnet that the particle beams is deflected, preferably superconducting magnet.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006046688A DE102006046688B3 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2006-09-29 | Cooling system, e.g. for super conductive magnets, gives a non-mechanical separation between the parts to be cooled and the heat sink |
| DE102006046688.8 | 2006-09-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101523136A true CN101523136A (en) | 2009-09-02 |
Family
ID=38830953
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007800364542A Pending CN101523136A (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2007-09-05 | Refrigerating arrangement comprising a hot connection element and a cold connection element and a heat exchanger tube connected to the connection elements |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090293504A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2066991B1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101422231B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101523136A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102006046688B3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2647681T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2008040609A1 (en) |
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| CN108922725A (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2018-11-30 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of load superconducting magnet fixed nitrogen low-temperature (low temperature) vessel |
| CN108922725B (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2020-05-15 | 西南交通大学 | Nitrogen fixation low-temperature container for bearing superconducting magnet |
| CN111895703A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-11-06 | 日照华斯特林科技有限公司 | Portable refrigerating system |
| CN111895703B (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2022-05-17 | 日照华斯特林科技有限公司 | Portable refrigerating system |
| CN115218606A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-10-21 | 北京中科富海低温科技有限公司 | Low-temperature constant-temperature device and temperature control method |
| CN115218606B (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2023-08-25 | 北京中科富海低温科技有限公司 | Low-temperature constant-temperature device and temperature control method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2066991A1 (en) | 2009-06-10 |
| WO2008040609A1 (en) | 2008-04-10 |
| KR101422231B1 (en) | 2014-07-22 |
| DE102006046688B3 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
| ES2647681T3 (en) | 2017-12-26 |
| EP2066991B1 (en) | 2017-08-16 |
| US20090293504A1 (en) | 2009-12-03 |
| KR20090077800A (en) | 2009-07-15 |
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Application publication date: 20090902 |