CN101522854A - 水泥灌浆气体或油管线的方法和水硬水泥浆体 - Google Patents
水泥灌浆气体或油管线的方法和水硬水泥浆体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及将油或气体管线的套管水泥灌浆到周围井壁的方法，其中形成水硬水泥浆体并将该浆体在管线套管与周围井壁之间的环状空间中散开。通过将水硬水泥、基于水泥重量为12～24％的硅石、和水一起混合形成该水泥浆体，其中该硅石包括1/3～2/3微细硅石和2/3～1/3硅石粉。本发明进一步涉及用于该方法的水泥浆体。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及油和气体井中钢管或其它结构如套管和衬套的水泥灌浆。
发明背景
油井的水泥灌浆中，经常将水泥浆体打入套管中并置于套管外侧与井壁之间的环形空间中。水泥灌浆过程的两个最主要的目的是，防止气体和液体在地层之间的迁移以及束紧和支撑套管。除了密封产生油、气体和水的岩层之外，该水泥还保护套管抗腐蚀，且防止在水泥浆体非常快速地且不可渗透地密封井时气体-或油-吹出。
在高于110℃的温度下，硬化波特兰水泥(Portland cement)的水合相发生变化。这种现象公如为强度衰退(SR)。这样导致更差的隔离性能如更低的耐压强度和更高的硬化水泥渗透性，且导致油层隔离的损失，在油田水泥灌浆工业中采用液体或气体从岩层流入井中和穿过不同岩层的可能性来描述。
强度衰退容易通过高于110℃的温度下一段时间内快速和早期的耐压强度降低和硬化水泥渗透性增加来确定。在未能观察到耐压强度降低和硬化水泥渗透性增加时，那么得出未发生强度衰退。
50年以来，许多公司通常将占水泥重量35wt％(BWOC)的硅石粉(平均粒径为约20～60微米)加到水泥中以防止发生SR(Journal of American concreteinstitute V27，No.6,678，1956年2月)。
但是，存在与采用水泥和干燥硅石粉制得的干混物的使用相关的处理和储存困难，如在钻塔或海上平台上缺少用来容纳几种不同干混物的空间，污染问题，和与细粉末的制备和处理相关的一般困难。
最近，硅石悬浮液已商业化作为完全干混操作的替代。这些液体已证明在以35％当量BWOC总硅石使用时有效地防止SR。当仅仅最深的套管/衬套需要使用硅石来稳定波特兰水泥或其它时，它们相对于干混操作存在一些优点，特别是在海上或远距离操作中。
遗憾地，最近在其使用中确定的局限性是需要折合为35％BWOC总硅石的相对高浓度的液体产物。这点意味着在水泥灌浆操作期间必须运输和混合很大体积的液体添加剂。这点在海上钻塔的情形下是特别显著的，其中平台和储存空间可以是非常有限的。
由此采用不同干燥材料和采用液体添加剂二者均存在储存问题。
发明描述
由此，本发明的目的是，提供降低用于油和气体管线、特别是用于海上井的水泥中SR的手段。
另一目的是，避免储存和混合干燥粉末以形成水泥浆体的需要，以及使带到钻塔的任意水泥浆体添加剂的体积最小化。
在海上井的情形下，井温度经常位于100℃～150℃的范围内。本发明者已发现，在这些井温下，可以采用不同途径来使用硅石作为水泥浆体添加剂。
由此依据本发明，提供了将油或气体管线的套管水泥灌浆到周围井壁的方法，其包括：形成水硬水泥浆体，使该浆体在管线套管与周围井壁之间的环形空间中散开，和使该水泥硬化，其中通过将水硬水泥、基于水泥重量为12～24％的硅石、和水一起混合形成该水泥浆体，该硅石包括1/3～2/3微细硅石和2/3～1/3硅石粉。
依据本发明的优选实施方式，该硅石是微细硅石和硅石粉的含水悬浮液的形式。
用于本发明的优选的微细硅石是无定形种类的如微硅石，但也可以是晶体。
本发明者已发现，通过在用于温度范围为110℃～150℃的井的水泥浆体中采用微细硅石颗粒和硅石粉的组合，特别是含水悬浮液的形式，可以显著降低硅石用量，同时仍防止水泥中发生SR。
特别地使用悬浮液形式的硅石，避免了干燥硅石粉的使用，避免了混合干燥成分，仅需要运输和储存单一组分(即含水硅石悬浮液)，且在非常重视储存利用度的情形下使需要运输和储存的体积最小化。
优选地，总硅石为水泥重量的15～20％。
在10％ BWOC或更低的硅石水平下，SR的抑制并非有效，特别是在更高温度下，同时在高于150℃的温度下变为必须采用高于25％BWOC的硅石水平。
本申请说明书和权利要求书中使用的术语“微硅石”是由如下过程获得的粒状、无定形SiO2：其中使硅石(石英)还原为SiO-气体并使还原产物在气相中氧化以形成无定形硅石。微硅石可以含有至少70wt％硅石(SiO2)，且比重为2.1-2.3g/cm3和表面积为15-40m2/g。主要的颗粒是实质上球形且平均粒径为约0.15μm。微硅石优选地以在电还原炉中在硅或硅合金的生产中的副产物获得。这些过程中形成大量的微硅石。采用袋滤室或其它收集设备以常规方式回收微硅石。
本申请说明书和权利要求书中使用的术语“微细结晶硅石”是粒状结晶硅石，其D50的最大值为10μm且优选地D50为约3μm。
硅石粉是简单磨碎的结晶硅石，其平均粒径为约25μm。
发明详述
现在将在如下非限定性实施例中更详细地阐述本发明。
实施例1(现有技术)
在150℃下混合、灌注和固化无硅石的标准水泥浆体。
测量耐压强度并测量硬化水泥渗透性。结果示于表1和图1中。可以看出，9小时之后很快地发生SR，如图1中所示。
表1 150℃下无硅石的水泥的硬化水泥渗透性测量
| 样品# | 组成 | 水泥硬化期间的温度 | 渗透性 |
| 无硅石的水泥 | 150℃ | 高，典型地为10mD等级 |
实施例2(现有技术)
在150℃下混合、灌注具有35％ BWOC干燥硅石粉的水泥，并测试耐压强度和渗透性。结果示于表2中。如预期的那样，加入35％ BWOC未发生SR。
表2
| 立方体(48小时)150℃下 | C.S.(psi) | UCA强度psi，48小时下 |
| 35％硅石粉 | 8503 | 3633 |
| 35％硅石粉 | 8946 |
硬化水泥渗透性测量
| 样品# | 组成 | 水泥硬化期间的温度 | 气体渗透性 |
| 5 | 35％BWOC硅石粉 | 175℃ | 0.000838mD |
| 来自文献 | 35％BWOC硅石粉 | 150℃ | 0.004mD |
实施例3(现有技术)
在150℃下混合、浇铸和测试水泥+35％产生于1/3微硅石和2/3硅石粉的悬浮液的硅石BWOC。
结果示于表3和图2中。
表3
| 立方体(48小时)150℃下 | C.S.(psi) | UCA强度psi，48小时下 |
| 35％硅石粉 | 8078 | 4069 |
| 35％硅石粉 | 9197 |
由图2中可以看出，CS增加到高于2000psi的数值并停留在该水平下。可以观察到无强度衰退。预期到这一点，因为该水泥具有常规的35BWOC硅石含量。
实施例4(本发明)
在150℃下混合、浇铸、固化和测试含有17％来自于含有1/3微硅石和2/3硅石粉的悬浮液的BWOC总硅石的水泥。在一年时间段内一定间隔下测量气体渗透性和耐压强度。结果示于表4中。
表4
| 150℃下固化时间 | 3周 | 3个月 | 6个月 | 1年 |
| Klinkenberg气体渗透性 | 0.092 | 0.00082 | 0.00028 | 0.00036 |
| 耐压强度psi | - | 4630 | 6230 | - |
注释
气体渗透性比水渗透性高几个数量级，参考文献“Klinkenberg effect forgas permeability and its comparison to water permeability for poroussedimentary rocks”-W.Tanikawa和T.Shimamoto。
150℃下1年之后未发生SR迹象。硬化水泥是那天下保持低且CS保持高。1年之后样品检查显示极低的孔隙率和极细的孔隙，使该水泥非常适应于密封底部温度高达150℃的井身。
令人吃惊的是，可以通过相对于传统实践使用约一半数量的硅石来防止SR。
实施例5(本发明)
在150℃下混合、浇铸和测试含有17％来自于采用1/3微硅石和2/3硅石粉制得的悬浮液的BWOC总硅石的水泥。
如图3中所示，150℃下固化15天之后未显示出SR迹象，表明采用这种微硅石/硅石粉比例的液体共混物有效地防止了SR。
实施例6(本发明)
在150℃下混合、浇铸和测试含有17％来自于采用1/3微结晶硅石(D50为3μm)和2/3硅石粉制得的悬浮液的BWOC总硅石的水泥。
如图4中可以看出，150℃下固化1周之后未发生SR迹象。该液体硅石共混物中的微细硅石颗粒可以是无定形或结晶形式。
实施例7(对比)
在150℃下混合、浇铸和测试含有10％来自于含有1/3微硅石和2/3硅石粉的悬浮液的BWOC总硅石的水泥。
如图5中可以看出，仅使用10％来自于硅石悬浮液的BWOC总硅石时，150℃下固化24小时之后发生清晰的SR迹象。需要最小硅石含量以有效地防止SR。
Claims (10)
1、一种将油或气体管线的套管水泥灌浆到周围井壁的方法，其包括：形成水硬水泥浆体，使该浆体在管线套管与周围井壁之间的环形空间中散开，和使该水泥硬化，其中通过将水硬水泥、基于水泥重量为12～24％的硅石、和水一起混合形成该水泥浆体，其中该硅石包括1/3～2/3微细硅石和2/3～1/3硅石粉。
2、权利要求1的方法，其中该硅石是微细硅石和硅石粉的含水悬浮液的形式。
3、权利要求1的方法，其中将微细硅石和硅石粉单独地加入。
4、权利要求1的方法，其中该微细硅石是微硅石、微细结晶硅石、胶体硅石或其混合物。
5、权利要求4的方法，其中该微细结晶硅石D50的最大值为10μm。
6、权利要求1的方法，其中该硅石是水泥重量的15～20％。
7、一种用于水泥灌浆底部温度在100～150℃之间的气体井或油井的水硬水泥浆体，包括：水硬水泥、基于水泥重量为12～24％的硅石、和水，其中该硅石包括1/3～2/3微细硅石和2/3～1/3硅石粉。
8、权利要求7的水硬水泥浆体，其中该硅石包括微细硅石和硅石粉的含水悬浮液。
9、权利要求7的水硬水泥浆体，其中该微细硅石为微硅石、微细结晶硅石、胶体硅石或其混合物。
10、权利要求9的水硬水泥浆体，其中该微细结晶硅石D50的最大值为10μm。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20064174 | 2006-09-15 | ||
| NO20064174A NO327763B1 (no) | 2006-09-15 | 2006-09-15 | Fremgangsmåte for sementering av gass- og oljebrønner samt sementslurry |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410548808.3A Division CN104405335A (zh) | 2006-09-15 | 2007-08-29 | 水泥灌浆气体或油管线的方法和水硬水泥浆体 |
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| CN101522854A true CN101522854A (zh) | 2009-09-02 |
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| CNA200780034043XA Pending CN101522854A (zh) | 2006-09-15 | 2007-08-29 | 水泥灌浆气体或油管线的方法和水硬水泥浆体 |
| CN201410548808.3A Pending CN104405335A (zh) | 2006-09-15 | 2007-08-29 | 水泥灌浆气体或油管线的方法和水硬水泥浆体 |
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| CN201410548808.3A Pending CN104405335A (zh) | 2006-09-15 | 2007-08-29 | 水泥灌浆气体或油管线的方法和水硬水泥浆体 |
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| US (2) | US20090236095A1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP2061857B1 (zh) |
| CN (2) | CN101522854A (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE526380T1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU2007295181B2 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0716721B1 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2662941C (zh) |
| DK (1) | DK2061857T3 (zh) |
| EA (1) | EA013320B1 (zh) |
| EG (1) | EG25452A (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2369107T3 (zh) |
| MX (1) | MX2009002400A (zh) |
| MY (1) | MY154007A (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO327763B1 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2008033027A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110590212A (zh) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-12-20 | 嘉华特种水泥股份有限公司 | 一种用于低温固井的油井水泥的外掺料 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| NO334970B1 (no) * | 2011-06-01 | 2014-08-11 | Elkem As | Sementsammensetninger |
| US20160280981A1 (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2016-09-29 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Compositions and methods for well cementing |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1671104A (en) * | 1925-03-03 | 1928-05-29 | White S Dental Mfg Co | Dental cement |
| NO158499C (no) * | 1985-09-03 | 1988-09-21 | Elkem As | Hydraulisk sementoppslemming. |
| JPH07100766B2 (ja) * | 1987-06-25 | 1995-11-01 | ソマール株式会社 | エポキシ樹脂粉体塗料組成物 |
| NO165673C (no) * | 1987-11-16 | 1991-03-20 | Elkem As | Hydraulisk sementoppslemming. |
| NO167649C (no) * | 1989-04-10 | 1993-07-06 | Norske Stats Oljeselskap | Fremgangsmaate ved tilsetning av silisiumoksyd i en hydraulisk sementoppslemming |
| GB2259766B (en) * | 1991-09-17 | 1995-08-23 | Schlumberger Services Petrol | A method to determine the phase composition of cement |
| FR2749843B1 (fr) * | 1996-06-18 | 1998-09-11 | Schlumberger Cie Dowell | Compositions de cimentation et application de ces compositions pour la cimentation des puits petroliers ou analogues |
| WO1997049644A1 (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1997-12-31 | Bj Services Company, Usa | Lightweight thermally stable cement compositions and method of use |
| US6173778B1 (en) * | 1998-05-27 | 2001-01-16 | Bj Services Company | Storable liquid systems for use in cementing oil and gas wells |
| EA002938B1 (ru) * | 1998-11-13 | 2002-10-31 | Софитек Н.В. | Цементирующая композиция и ее применение для цементирования нефтяных скважин или подобных сооружений |
| US6562122B2 (en) * | 2000-09-18 | 2003-05-13 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Lightweight well cement compositions and methods |
| FR2815029B1 (fr) * | 2000-10-09 | 2003-08-01 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Laitiers de ciment alleges |
| US6832652B1 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2004-12-21 | Bj Services Company | Ultra low density cementitious slurries for use in cementing of oil and gas wells |
| US6899177B2 (en) * | 2003-10-10 | 2005-05-31 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods of cementing subterranean zones with cement compositions having enhanced compressive strengths |
| US7067004B2 (en) * | 2004-01-29 | 2006-06-27 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Grout compositions having high thermal conductivities and methods of using the same |
| US7448449B2 (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2008-11-11 | Bj Services Company | Strength retrogression preventer |
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2006
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- 2007-08-29 EA EA200970286A patent/EA013320B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-08-29 CN CN201410548808.3A patent/CN104405335A/zh active Pending
- 2007-08-29 BR BRPI0716721A patent/BRPI0716721B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-08-29 CA CA2662941A patent/CA2662941C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-08-29 DK DK07808620.4T patent/DK2061857T3/da active
- 2007-08-29 AT AT07808620T patent/ATE526380T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-08-29 EP EP07808620A patent/EP2061857B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-08-29 WO PCT/NO2007/000306 patent/WO2008033027A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-08-29 AU AU2007295181A patent/AU2007295181B2/en not_active Ceased
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110590212A (zh) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-12-20 | 嘉华特种水泥股份有限公司 | 一种用于低温固井的油井水泥的外掺料 |
| CN110590212B (zh) * | 2019-09-25 | 2021-12-07 | 嘉华特种水泥股份有限公司 | 一种用于低温固井的油井水泥的外掺料 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2061857B1 (en) | 2011-09-28 |
| MY154007A (en) | 2015-04-30 |
| EP2061857A1 (en) | 2009-05-27 |
| EG25452A (en) | 2012-01-09 |
| AU2007295181B2 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
| CA2662941C (en) | 2012-06-26 |
| ES2369107T3 (es) | 2011-11-25 |
| NO327763B1 (no) | 2009-09-21 |
| MX2009002400A (es) | 2009-03-20 |
| EA200970286A1 (ru) | 2009-08-28 |
| AU2007295181A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
| CN104405335A (zh) | 2015-03-11 |
| BRPI0716721A2 (pt) | 2013-09-03 |
| ATE526380T1 (de) | 2011-10-15 |
| DK2061857T3 (da) | 2011-10-24 |
| CA2662941A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
| US20090236095A1 (en) | 2009-09-24 |
| EP2061857A4 (en) | 2010-07-28 |
| NO20064174L (no) | 2008-03-17 |
| EA013320B1 (ru) | 2010-04-30 |
| BRPI0716721B1 (pt) | 2017-03-21 |
| US20160340246A1 (en) | 2016-11-24 |
| WO2008033027A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
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