CN101519604A - Multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system - Google Patents
Multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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Abstract
The invention provides a multilevel-control free-polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system, which can transform extensive biomass and carbon-containing raw materials, including energy crops, agriculture-forestry byproducts, organic waste, industrial and dangerous waste and the like, into high-grade energy. The system is designed for continuous operation. Gasification comprises the following steps of performing pretreatment, performing pyrolysis, transforming carbon, fusing ash, cracking tar, reforming syngas and utilizing waste heat, wherein the steps are precisely controlled one by one and integrated so as to achieve optimum; moisture from the pretreatment of the materials is led into a carbon-transforming unit so as to realize oxygen-free pyrolysis; gasification gas is in contact with a large number of free polyradicals in a free-polyradical reaction-accelerating unit; and the obtained product is purified and then enters downstream application, such as power generation, hydrogen production and biomass methanol/ethanol production. The system has the advantages of needing no auxiliary fuel, maximizing gasification efficiency and thoroughly cracking tar and clearing pollutants, and is an upstream technique for the application of biomass renewable energy. As energy utilization meets all strict environmental protection standards, the system is also an energy-saving environment-friendly technique for non-incineration harmless treatment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of gasifying biomass regeneration energy resource system, relate in particular to the gasifying biomass regeneration energy resource system that utilizes polyradical accelerated reaction device.
Background technology
The energy is the basis that modern society depends on for existence and development, and the supply capacity substantial connection of the energy the sustainable development of national economy, is one of basis of national strategy safety control.The situation is tense for the present energy resource supply of China, and the environmental quality burden is heavy.Because the fossil energy reserves reduce day by day, the oil price fluctuation is big, to the worry of energy security problem and to the concern of Global warming, the development clean reproducible energy has become urgent subject, the new forms of energy industry presents high development.According to the industry background and the general situation of development of the renewable energy source of extensive demonstration, be that biogas elelctrochemical power generation, biomass hydrogen energy, the biomass green liquid fuel of representative will become following important substitute energy with the biomass energy.Biomass energy belongs to clean energy, and the resource of the biological renewable energy of China is very abundant, and the extensive popularization and application of biological renewable energy helps to improve the ecological environment and CO
2Reduce discharging.
Developing a circular economy, is the important channel of building a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society and realizing Sustainable development.Recycling Economy Construction and urbanization development process have strengthened to waste treatment and to the demand of new energy technology.Chinese Government issues and implements " renewable energy source method " (2007), " recycling economy promotion law " (2008), the scientific and technical research of renewable energy sources such as biomass energy and industrialized development are classified as the pioneer field of national science and technology development and development for hi-tech industry, seek to use to greatest extent renewable energy source, advance resource to reclaim to greatest extent, suppress resource waste and pollution thing total emission volumn.
Along with the fluctuation of oil price, the energy source and power of following automobile is to development in pluralism.New-energy automobile mainly is divided into fuel substitute automobile and electromobile.Fuel substitute is power based on oil engine such as alcohol fuel, methanol fuel; Electromobile comprises the coefficient mixed power electric car of pure electric automobile, fuel cell car, oil engine and battery.After the fossil oil exhaustion, have only biomass resource can predict biological liquid fuel and clean electric power as the production of extensive fuel and Hydrogen Energy, fuel cell electric vehicle will be the main energy sources power of following automobile power.
Biomass are meant various types of organism, and in broad terms, biomass all are to derive from plant by the organism that photosynthesis generates, and come from sun power at first.Biomass are elementary composition by C, H, O, N, S, P etc., and it is active high to have a volatility height, carbon, and sulphur, nitrogen content are low, the advantage that ash content is low.Both had the mineral fuel attribute, the characteristics of storage, transportation, regeneration, conversion had been arranged again, irreplaceable advantage had been arranged.The kind of biomass is a lot, generally includes the following aspects: firewood forests, energy crop, waterplant; Oilseed plant; Agriculture byproduct (as stalk); The agroforestry waste; Industry organic waste (as plastic waste, petrochemical industry remnants); Cereal source mill, paper mill, wood-working factory, grocery trade byproduct and all kinds of organic waste (comprising Hazardous wastes, clinical waste, domestic refuse) etc.Chinese biological matter aboundresources, total amount reach 4.87 hundred million tons of oil equivalent/years, and wherein 76% can be used for generating and heat supply.(referring to document: Chinese Government/World Bank/Global Environment Facility-biomass fermentation power technology improves potentiality and analyzes consulting item report, Guangzhou Energy Resource Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences, in April, 2005).
The process of utilizing of biomass energy renewable energy source constitutes a natural round-robin part, and the refuse that it produced mainly is carbonic acid gas and lime-ash, is the storage loop concept to nature.The carbonic acid gas of discharging can be reuptaked by plant.And the biomass sulphur content is extremely low, less than 1/4 of coal sulphur content.Biomass energy has that resource distribution is wide, environmental influence is little, can continuous utilization etc. characteristics.The widespread use of biomass energy can significantly reduce carbonic acid gas and sulfur dioxide emissions, produces huge environment and social benefit.
Utilize combustion technology to discharge biomass energy, through years of development, at present technical ripe, the commercialization popularity is higher, as consumer waste incineration and biomass direct combustion power generation, from long-term practice, defective is in essence arranged:
1, the environmental issue of burning pattern is given prominence to, cause serious secondary pollution, show the following aspects: because used a large amount of surplus airs in burning, intensity is burned in dilution, and lower or residence time of incinerator working temperature is short causes objectionable impurities effectively not decompose; The low-temperature region of downstream equipment, under the effect of peroxide, metal salt compound catalyzer, fly ash granule and uncompleted burned carbon, synthetic again Dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), they are objectionable impuritiess of severe toxicity; Particularly fire grate grate firing mode generates a large amount of acid pollution gas, as HCl, HF, SO
2, NO
XDeng; The heavy metal of enrichment infiltrates air and underground water source in flying dust and the bottom ash.(referring to document: dioxin control techniques progress in the solid waste burning process, Zhou Liju etc., energy and environment, 2006No.554; The influence that each processing parameter of urban domestic garbage incinerator generates dioxin, Liu Yangsheng etc., modern chemical industry, October 21 calendar year 2001 volume; The research of the ， of Country Environmental Analysis Test Center dioxin, http://cneax.com/2005.)
2 and the burning pattern, limited by the clean in essence generating efficiency of the generation technology of boiler carrying vapour turbine.Especially, the sour gas that the macro-corrosion that produces in single combustion processes is very strong easily causes the boiler surface corrosion, causes steam parameter and generating efficiency low, and efficiency of energy utilization is low.
3, the lime-ash that produces in single combustion processes has heavy metal dialysis problem, causes it effectively not utilize, and forms secondary pollution, and lime-ash needs extra process, expense costliness.
4, because used a large amount of surplus airs in burning, conventional burn unit adopt scale, bulky tail gas treatment device, cause investment and working cost significantly to increase, reduced economic benefit.
Gasifying biomass is a kind of of biomass energy thermochemistry conversion method, and ultimate principle is with the biomass material heating, makes hydrocarbon polymer thermo-cracking (Pyrolysis), the gasification of higher molecular weight and reforms (Reforming) CO, the H of generation lower molecular weight
2, CH
4Deng inflammable gas, be geseous fuel with Wood Adhesives from Biomass.Be the efficient a kind of method utilized of biomass energy, compare with the biomass fuel burning technology, the efficiency of energy utilization height, environment protecting is good, and the biomass material especially more extensive at the source, that composition is more complicated comprises all kinds of organic wastes, danger wastes.Contain tar, ash content, moisture and a spot of pollutent (as salinity, the heavy metal of sour gas and trace) in the elementary inflammable gas that produces behind the gasifying biomass,, come into operation by being converted into the finished product synthetic gas after the treating plant purifying treatment.
The equipment that gasifying biomass uses mainly contains two classes: fixed bed and fluidized-bed gasification device.Fixed bed mainly is divided into upflowing, downflow system and cross-flow type, and material is divided into drying layer, pyrolytic layer, zone of oxidation and reducing zone in reactor, does not have boundary between layer and the layer.The common gas production rate of fixed bed gasification reactor is less, is used for small evaporator station or family usefulness, and generated output is general＜1MW.Fluidized-bed reactor mainly is divided into bubbling bed and circulating fluidized bed, and in fluidized-bed, speed of response is fast, and material, sand and vaporized chemical fully contact, and heat intensity, response intensity are even, and throughput is big.But fluidized-bed must operate under the melting temperature, is to be operated in about 900 ℃ to general biomass, thorough pyrolysis fuel oil under this temperature; And lime-ash needs extra process; And the fluidised bed system investment is big, requires large scale of production, and generated output is general〉5MW.At present, the most medium-scale in demand, generated output scope 3～5MW, treatment capacity does not have suitable best gasifying reactor between 80～150 tons/day.
In gasification, carbon residue and tar all are inevitable byproducts.Carbon residue contains the not gasification of carbon of high heating value, greatly reduces integrated gasification efficient; Tar is the very complicated hydrocarbon polymer of composition, it mainly is the derivative of benzene, at high temperature exist with gaseous phase, under low temperature (＜200 ℃), exist with the heavy-gravity liquid state, be difficult to remove, even remove, then a part of synthetic gas calorific value causes the gasification efficiency loss along with the tar of removing is drained.The tar of Qing Chuing does not cause great difficulty to the application of upstream device, as silting gas purifying equipment, obstruction combustion machine pipeline, is the major cause that a lot of biomass gasification technology lost efficacy or hanged down usefulness yet.At present, use the oil engine of gasification synthetic gas as fuel, tar content requires less than 30mg/Nm
3, be used in the gasification synthetic gas that internal combustion turbine, hydrogen manufacturing are applied to fuel cell or are used for synthetic green liquid fuel, much lower to the requirement of tar content.Almost there is not industrialized biomass gasification reaction device can reach this requirement at present.
Biomass gasification technology is in large-scale commercial applications at present and melts the initial stage of sending out, a lot of trials and practice are arranged, no matter be to use fixed bed or fluidized bed gasification reactor, generally, at present the subject matter that runs into of commercial development biomass gasification technology has: 1. the gasification technology of routine, pyrolytic gasification. burning. boiler. steam turbine. the operational path of generating, similar with incineration technology, although environment protecting increases, but owing to the existence of heavy metal dialysis problem, the secondary pollution problem is arranged still in carbon residue, flying dust and the lime-ash; 2. the complicacy that does not adapt to material composition, raw material humidity are too big, and perhaps material characteristic change is bigger, solid materials in service localized hyperthermia caking, fusing or bonding, and the operation continued reliability is difficult to guarantee; 3. conventional gasification efficiency is low, carbon residue is more, and gasification gas calorific value is low, the calorific value instability; Especially in the synthetic gas that produces of gasification because the cracking of tar and remove not thorough, generally at 50～200mg/Nm
3More than, can't drive high efficiency combustion machine, or internal combustion turbine, can only produce steam by boiler combustion and drive the steam turbine generating set, to compare with burning electricity generation, total generating efficiency improves limited; Adopt catalytic pyrolysis to reduce the tar content of synthetic gas, use the solid catalyst complex process, production cost significantly improves, and catalyzer is at high temperature and contain in the synthetic gas of a large amount of pollutents and work, and loses efficacy easily, and tar still can not be eliminated fully.
Free radical chemically is also referred to as " radical ", is atom (C, H, O), atomic group (OH, the H that contains a unpaired electron
2, O
2) and ion (
,
,
,
, H
+), activity is very strong, exists with the form of intermediate, and concentration is very low, and retention time is very short, realizes that fast pyrolysis transforms, and is obvious to the organic decomposition effect of stable ring structure.(referring to document: The reduction and controltechnology of tar during biomass gasification/pyrolysis:an overview, Jun Han etc., Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 12 (2008) 397.416.) especially to unmanageable carbon residue, tar ingredients in Hazardous wastes and particular requirement refuse, the gasification, it is advanced further to display with superiority.
The art technology scheme that can retrieve at present has:
The patent documentation of Chinese patent application 00112320.3 " drying, gasifying and melting process for the treatment of domestic refuse " utilizes boiler exhaust gas waste heat dried material; With the ash content fusion, reduce secondary pollutions such as Dioxins and heavy metal; Add the lime depickling in the vapourizing furnace.Ash content is through fusion, but the gas that gasifies does not purify fully, and just directly high-temp combustion falls, and still uses boiler. the steam turbine generating.The patent documentation of Chinese patent application 200610054403.X " domestic waste drying, gasifying and melting incineration treatment method and system " utilizes the boiler waste gas of incineration to obtain high temperature air, is incorporated into gasification and melting incinerating stove again; Also can reduce secondary pollutions such as Dioxins and heavy metal; But be main purpose with the burning disposal still, resource utilization degree is not high.
The patent documentation of Chinese patent application 200610019351.2 " a kind of cracking and gasifying reforming furnace " is decomposed into dust cloud combustion chamber, pyrolysis gasification chamber and catalytic reforming chamber with reaction process.In a reactor, will react proceed step by step.And the demanded fuel of dust cloud combustion chamber is nano level powder, needs to increase operation cost.And in same reactor, second-stage reaction is controlled well, need complicated control.The patent documentation of Chinese patent application 200720174504.0 " a kind of is rubbish, Wood Adhesives from Biomass the equipment for gasification of high heating value synthetic gas ", in same reactor, water vapor, flue gas and elementary gasification gas that drying is produced import the high-temperature zone of furnace bottom outside stove.And the application plasma technology quickens the gasification reaction of furnace bottom carbon residue.But in the reaction of same reactor inner control multistage, need complicated control, and scale is less can't the large-scale commercial applications application.The patent documentation of Chinese patent application 200620069301.0 " gasification. plasma non-hazardous waste treatment system ", high-temperature plasma only is used for the fusion ash content, and tail gas discharges separately, and total system does not reach whole efficiency optimization.The patent documentation of Chinese patent application 1420155A " producing the method for synthetic gas with the plasma pyrolysis gasified bio-matter ", high-temperature plasma is used for the pyrolytic gasification and the reformation of reactor head material, obtains high heating value gasification synthetic gas.But pyrolytic gasification does not need high temperature, and the energy source of a large amount of additional powers of need of this high temperature of plasma body, high energy is used for pyrolytic gasification, will reduce overall gasification efficiency.
The patent documentation of Chinese patent application 02134850.2 " the combustible gas cracking purification method that gasifying biomass produces ", the elementary gasification gas that will come out from gasifying reactor carries out high temperature and catalytic pyrolysis tar through the moving-burden bed reactor of 800 ℃～1200 ℃ high temperature charcoal bed.Compare with other cracking catalyst tar technology, the high temperature charcoal is not afraid of inactivation and sulfur poisoning as catalyzer.But, add charcoal, be equivalent to add attached fuel; The high temperature charcoal bed needs filler and discharge, and Operating Complexity significantly strengthens, and is difficult to guarantee catalytic effect; Amount of imports outer air is kept high temperature to the charcoal bed burning, reduces the calorific value of gasifying gas.
American documentation literature 20040231243, Ash fusing system, method of operating the system, and gasification fusing system for waste, the reaction chamber that gasification, fusion, reforming reaction is divided into three connections carries out separately, but general reaction is not optimized.American documentation literature 20040170210, Plasmapyrolysis, gasification and vitrification of organic material is to use isoionic fluidization, plasma only is applied to the carbon gasification and the grey fusion of reactor bottom.
With the immediate prior art of the present invention, american documentation literature 2007068413, Ahorizontally.oriented gasifier with lateral transfer system, the reaction chamber that gasification, reforming reaction is divided into two connections carries out separately, the gasifying reactor horizontal positioned, reforming reactor is vertically placed, and is furnished with high-temperature plasma device pyrolysis fuel oil.Ash content is melted in other reactor to carry out.This design is tried hard to the pyroreaction of using pyrolysis and exsiccant cryogenic reaction zone and gas reforming is distinguished into two relatively independent reaction zones.But using pyrolysis and dry in same reactor, finish, pyrolytic reaction slows down, and efficiency of carbon conversion is low, and integrated gasification efficient is low, especially at humidity is big, calorific value is lower material.American documentation literature 2007068397, A gas reformulating system using plasma torch heat is used for the reforming reaction of synthetic gas gasification with the high-temperature plasma device, and reforming reactor is vertically placed.This design tries hard to utilize isoionic high temperature to obtain the high temperature reaction zone that synthetic gas is reformed, and utilizes Ionized gas to quicken coke tar cracking simultaneously.But coke tar cracking is reformed with synthetic gas different reaction power mathematic(al) parameters is arranged, reactor is relatively large, the plasma high-temperature zone is less relatively, the result be coke tar cracking and the synthetic gas efficient of reforming all not ideal enough, especially big at humidity, contain a lot of rare gas elementes and after-flame gas (as nitrogen and CO
2), have Cryogenic air to leak and the lower elementary synthetic gas of calorific value.
Generally speaking, only in innovation on a small scale, majority belongs to local improvement for the trial of present biomass gasification technology and practice, and configuration does not reach optimization as yet generally; The knowledge and experience accumulation of senior gasification system is not enough, and the supporting imperfection of Controlling System has with a certain distance from comprehensive commercial applications.Plasma begins to be applied in the gasifying biomass technological process, is mostly its high temperature that provides is provided, and its ionization characteristic is used not enough.Plasmatorch core temperature superelevation reaches 6,000～10,000 ℃, and the electricity consumption of equipment amount is bigger, if improper use can cause operating safety hidden danger; Perhaps do not use the place that needs most, energy consumption is big, and the tar problem of gasification system is separated never thorough, does not perhaps reach the clean generating efficiency of design, even net electric generation is for negative.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome in the prior art pyrolytic reaction and be difficult to control, carbon conversion efficiency is low, deficiency and shortcomings such as coke tar cracking and synthetic gas reformation efficient are low, maximized raising gasifying biomass efficient, thorough pyrolysis fuel oil, to biomass widely, carbon raw material, be converted into high-grade purified gasification synthetic gas, be the gasifying biomass generating, biomass hydrogen energy, the production of biomass green liquid fuel creates conditions, for the large-scale commercial applications development and application of biomass energy lays the first stone, thoroughly solve the possible pollutant emission problem in the biomass gasification process simultaneously.
For reaching above purpose, the measure that multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system of the present invention is taked is mainly: the new and high technology of using fields such as existing biochemistry, the energy, material, Controlling System, gasifying reactor moves design continuously, each substep process will gasify: pre-treatment, pyrolysis, carbon conversion, grey fusion, tar are removed, synthetic gas is reformed, UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN is divided into each independent reaction unit that connects each other, meticulous one by one control and integration reach optimization, maximized raising gasifying biomass efficient; The thorough pyrolysis fuel oil of utilization polyradical accelerated reaction device is not lost in the energy in the tar, and improves synthetic gas reformation efficient, improves hydrogen content; By purification system and fusing system contaminated solution thing emission problem.
Multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system, it can be the pyrolytic gasification unit, the synthetic gas reformer unit, polyradical accelerated reaction unit is formed, and polyradical accelerated reaction cell position is positioned at after the pyrolytic gasification unit, before the synthetic gas reformer unit, each unit is reaction chamber independently mutually, there is gas passage to connect, polyradical accelerated reaction unit carries out advanced treatment to pyrolytic gasification product-elementary gasification gas, elementary gasification gas touches the pyroreaction environment that a large amount of living radicals exist at this, thorough pyrolysis fuel oil and startup synthetic gas reforming reaction, gasification gas is finished reforming reaction at reformer unit.Polyradical accelerated reaction unit comprises reactor body, gas mixer and polyradical producer, pyrolytic gasification product---elementary gasification synthetic gas is finished the thorough cracking of tar at this element, and the reforming reaction of startup gasification synthetic gas, the polyradical producer comprises the dissimilar generation sources that can produce free radical.
Multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system, system can also be made up of pretreatment unit, pyrolytic gasification unit, carbon conversion unit, melt element, each unit is reaction chamber independently mutually, having solid to transmit passage connects, material is directly sent into pretreatment unit, and the moisture of pre-treatment drying process sucking-off is imported into the carbon conversion unit and participates in carbon conversion reaction; The also exsiccant material that pyrolytic gasification unit thermo-cracking and gasification are pretreated; After material was finished pyrogenic processes, carbon residue and residual ash content entered the carbon conversion unit; Melt element continuity ground changes into the molten slurry of steady solidified with residual ash and discharges; The high-temperature gas of melt element enters the carbon conversion unit; The high-temperature reductibility gas that the carbon conversion unit produces enters the pyrolytic gasification unit, produces pyrolytic gasification product-elementary gasification gas.This system also can increase polyradical accelerated reaction unit.
Multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system, system can also be made up of each pretreatment unit that interknits, pyrolytic gasification unit, carbon conversion unit, melt element, synthetic gas reformer unit, polyradical accelerated reaction unit, each unit is reaction chamber independently mutually, and the unitary heat of pyrolytic gasification is from the reductibility high-temperature gas product of carbon conversion unit, realize complete Non-oxygen pyrolytic gasification, the carbon conversion unit is positioned at after the pyrolytic gasification unit, before the melt element; Be connected by the pyrolytic gasification unit between carbon conversion unit and the polyradical accelerated reaction unit, melt element continuity ground changes into the molten slurry of steady solidified with residual ash and discharges; Polyradical accelerated reaction unit carries out advanced treatment to pyrolytic gasification product-elementary gasification gas.
The present invention uses the polyradical biomass gasification technology, English name BioCRG Tech, BiomassConcentrated Radical Gasification Technology, with the elementary gasification gas that produces in biomass or the thermal decomposition of organic wastes gasification with the thorough pyrolysis fuel oil of polyradical device of high temperature or high energy and start the technology of the reforming reaction of synthetic gas gasification, comprise that carbon residue and tar all thoroughly are converted into the gasification synthetic gas, the content of maximized increase hydrogen H2.The gasification synthetic gas purifies through refining plant, becomes clean finished product gasification synthetic gas.The polyradical device has different respective combination according to the material difference, the generation source of certain or multiple free radical for example, and the generation source of free radical comprises: the high-temperature plasma torch, water vapor, hydrogen plasmatorch, low-temperature plasma (aura, corona, high frequency), oxy-hydrogen burner, microwave etc.
Biomass, carbon raw material are converted into high-grade energy to utilize polyradical accelerated reaction device to incite somebody to action widely, are the upstream technology that biological renewable energy is used.The application of gasification synthetic gas is very extensive, comprising: 1. as the fuel of boiler, heat supply or carrying vapour turbine generate electricity; 2. directly drive internal combustion turbine, combustion machine or combined cycle generation; 3. the hydrogen of separating can be used as the fuel of fuel cell; 4. as the raw material of synthesising biological matter methyl alcohol, ethanol and other green liquid fuel; 5. as the raw material of Chemicals.
And the high environmental protection efficacy of polyradical biomass gasification technology also embodies simultaneously.Aspect gaseous emission, use excess air to compare with burning, handle the material of as much, the synthesis gas volume is little, the purification efficiency height, energy utilization can be satisfied the environmental protection standard of any strictness, also is the energy saving and environment friendly technology of a non-burning.Aspect solid discharge, through complete firmization, vitrified slag after the plasmatorch uht treatment, the dialysis rate is extremely low, and cooled characteristic and stone are approaching, high-level environmental requirement and the technical requirements of having satisfied recycling.
Multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system comprises successively:
Biomass, carbon raw material comprise energy crop, agriculture and forestry by-product and waste, organic waste, industry and Hazardous wastes etc. widely, directly send into pretreatment unit.At the complicacy of biomass material characteristic, as agriculture byproduct, industry byproduct, domestic refuse, clinical waste, Hazardous wastes; Solid, liquid type material etc. all have special-purpose preconditioning technique.Pretreatment unit adopts totally-enclosed design, incorporately finish material chopping, transmit, letter sorting, remove functions such as metal, drying, taste removal, explosion-proof, anti-leak, the reliability service that is main gasifying reactor is given security, it comprises, e Foerderanlage, feed mechanism, pretreatment unit material loading hermatic door and blanking hermatic door.The material loading hermatic door guarantees not have moisture and smell to leak, and especially at waste, handles at any time, does not contact with ambient atmosphere, does not have peculiar smell, with convenient addressing anywhere.The blanking hermatic door, guaranteeing does not have moisture and air leaking to the pyrolytic gasification reactor, and guaranteeing does not simultaneously have the pyrolysis gas of comparatively high temps to enter pretreatment unit.
Pretreatment unit inside mainly comprises chopping mechanism, inner transport unit and external heat source, and external heat source comprises: steam source, indirect heating material; The preheating Cryogenic air, the direct heating material, and carry air to send the moisture that produces in the drying process as carrier, enter carbon conversion unit bottom; Other external heat sources, for example microwave, electric heater etc.By external heat source and transport unit speed the temperature and humidity of exit gas is controlled.That sorted after the pre-treatment, chopping, exsiccant material enters by pretreatment unit discharging hermatic door and enters the pyrolytic gasification unit.From the moisture of pretreatment unit drying process sucking-off, after the fly-ash separator dedusting, be imported into carbon conversion unit bottom, in order to the objectionable constituent in the thorough decomposition moisture, in and carbon conversion reaction intensity, avoid high temperature caking, fusing or bonding, improve efficient and stability that carbon transforms.
The system that the moisture of pretreatment unit imports the carbon conversion unit comprises fly-ash separator and moisture suction fan, and the isolated ash content of moisture import system is admitted to melting reactor.
The pyrolytic gasification unit, be moving-burden bed reactor, the pretreated and dry material of crossing of thermo-cracking and gasification, heat is from the reductibility high-temperature gas product of carbon conversion unit, realize complete no-oxygen pyrolysis gasification, avoid synthesizing again because of hydrocarbon polymer harm or robust structure under the aerobic environment.The temperature control of the unitary outlet of pyrolytic gasification guarantees pyrolysis gas productive rate, quality and stability.Material translational speed and external heat source participate in the control of reactor outlet temperature, and external heat source comprises electrically heated, microwave or quartz heating-pipe etc.The pyrolytic gasification product. elementary gasification synthetic gas enters polyradical accelerated reaction unit.Because be to handle the pretreated and dry material of crossing, material particles is even relatively, humidity of materials is little, and heat scission reaction is rapid.The pyrolytic gasification product. the moisture content minimum in the elementary gasification synthetic gas, the calorific value height, elementary gasification pneumatolytic divides more concentrated, is convenient to polyradical accelerated reaction unit it is concentrated high-intensity advanced treatment.
After material is finished the thermo-cracking operation through the pyrolytic gasification unit, carbon residue and residual ash enter the carbon conversion unit, it is fixed bed or fluidized-bed reactor, heat is from the gasification reaction of preheated air and carbon residue, and the moisture and the after-flame gas that import from the drying process of material pretreatment unit participate in the control of reactor outlet temperature.900～1200 ℃ of its core reaction temperature, the reaction times is longer, under the anoxic reducing atmosphere, finishes carbon and transforms, and ash content enters melt element through equipment for separating liquid from solid after carbon conversion unit bottom is softened or melted; High-temperature gas is controlled at 750～850 ℃ and enters the pyrolytic gasification unit bottom, is last choosing with 800 ℃ especially, for pyrolytic gasification technology provides heat.
In melt element, continuity ash content being fused into steady solidified slag drains, ash content also comprises the ash content in the pre-treatment moisture not only from the carbon conversion unit, the flying dust that polyradical accelerated reaction unit, synthetic gas reformer unit separate or catch with gas treating system.Melt element is accepted high temperature heat source, the heat that brings as high-temperature plasma or other high temperature heat sources, maintain 1300～1600 ℃, residual ash changes into the molten slurry of steady solidified, through the pressurization quencher, the water spray chilling, pressure is with the melt element adjustment, liquid level remains unchanged, and does not have steam to return melt element.The refrigerative slag is sent by the slag handling equipment; The high-temperature gas passes equipment for separating liquid from solid enters the carbon conversion unit, and for equipment for separating liquid from solid continues to provide heat, guarantees unimpeded.
Complete firmization, vitrified slag after the biomass lime-ash process plasma uht treatment, cooled characteristic and stone are approaching, and the dialysis rate is extremely low, high-level environmental requirement and the technical requirements of having satisfied recycling.Can be used as the product of commercial value, the cindery recycling approach that gasifies at present mainly contains: the alternative aggregate on petroleum pitch road surface, cement/concrete alternative aggregate, landfill yard covering material, the packing material of embankment roadbed etc. etc.
Comprising reactor body, gas mixer and polyradical producer in polyradical accelerated reaction unit, to the pyrolytic gasification product. elementary gasification synthetic gas carries out advanced treatment.The pyrolytic gasification product. elementary gasification synthetic gas touches the pyroreaction environment that a large amount of living radicals exist in polyradical accelerated reaction unit, reactor volume is less relatively, temperature of reaction is greater than 1200 ℃, the number of free radical height, special is tar ingredients cracked reaction kinetics parameter designing, concentrate the thorough cracking of finishing tar within a short period of time, and start the reforming reaction of gasification synthetic gas.The polyradical producer comprises generation source dissimilar, that can produce free radical, complicacy according to the processing material, corresponding different combination is arranged, for example the source takes place in certain or multiple free radical, free radical generation source comprises: high-temperature plasma, water vapor, hydrogen plasmatorch, low-temperature plasma (aura, corona, high frequency), oxy-hydrogen burner, the source takes place in free radicals such as microwave.The finished product synthetic gas input controlling reactor temperature out of energy, hydrogen or recirculation by the polyradical producer.
The polyradical device need consume certain energy, and still, owing to reduced air input, the calorific value of gasification product-synthetic gas improves; The polyradical reactor is kept high temperature need sacrifice a spot of gasification gas calorific value, but gas-phase reaction is rapid, need not extra complicated catalytic pyrolysis system, and coke tar cracking is thorough, H
2The content height; The downstream energy utilization can be with efficient combustion machine, combined cycle even fuel cell, not only can compensate energy expenditure, can also reach higher overall clean generating efficiency.Because the polyradical producer need consume certain energy, can pay the utmost attention to and use the green energy resource product, as the electric power of sun power, wind energy generation or the hydrogen that its water of decomposition produces.
Synthetic gas is finished reforming reaction in reformer unit, the synthetic gas reformer unit comprises reactor body and gas mixer.In the synthetic gas reformer unit, reactor volume is relatively large, and temperature of reaction aims at the reaction kinetics parameter designing that synthetic gas is reformed greater than 1000 ℃, and gas residence time is longer, H
2Regulate suitably with the CO ratio is final, maximization increases H
2Content.Outlet has temperature and gas Composition Control device, and the finished product synthetic gas of preheated air and recirculation participates in reactor outlet temperature and Composition Control.High-temperature synthesis gas behind dedusting, removing acid gas and the pollutent, becomes the finished product synthetic gas through heat recovery heat exchanger and cleaning treatment system, enters downstream application.
Heat recovery heat exchanger can conduct to 550～650 ℃ preheated air with the waste heat recovery in the synthetic gas, on select 600 ℃ of preheatings, send carbon conversion unit, melt element, polyradical accelerated reaction unit, synthetic gas reformer unit and waste heat boiler back to.
Synthetic gas cleaning system can purify synthetic gas, or/and the contained product that value added is arranged in the synthetic gas is reclaimed in Hydrogen Separation and purification.With burn to use excess air to compare, handle the material of same quality, little many of synthesis gas volume, purification efficiency height.This synthetic gas cleaning system is isolated callable pure water, and synthetic gas cleaning system is isolated acid, salt and the sulphur etc. of added value, and synthetic gas cleaning system is isolated does not have the product that regeneration is worth, and can send into melt element and be converted into the eliminating of firmization slag.
Synthetic gas after the purification enters downstream application through suction fan and gas-holder, comprising: the energy utilization system of synthetic gas burning class, for example: combustion machine, internal combustion turbine or combined cycle; The energy utilization of synthetic gas separated hydrogen for example, is applied to hydrogen fuel cell; Synthetic gas is used the Energy production of green liquid fuel-based, for example: production biomass methyl alcohol, biomass ethanol.Partial synthesis gas product uses recirculation, also comprises after-flame gas recirculation use, and purpose is to improve gasification efficiency, carries out the control of gaseous fraction and temperature.
After clean finished product synthetic gas burnt or other energy utilize, the gas of discharging can satisfy the environmental protection standard of any strictness, and system does not need chimney, and fine environmental protection effect and benefit also further embody.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: 1. gasifying reactor moves design continuously, each substep process pre-treatment of gasification, pyrolytic gasification, carbon conversion, grey fusion, tar removing, synthetic gas reformation, UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN are divided into each independent reaction unit that connects each other, meticulous one by one control and integration reach optimization, maximized raising gasifying biomass efficient; 2. the thorough pyrolysis fuel oil of utilization polyradical accelerated reaction device for the efficient of biomass energy lays the first stone with using widely, is not lost in the energy in the tar, and improves synthetic gas reformation efficient, improves hydrogen content; Cooperation is with purification system and fusing system contaminated solution thing emission problem; 3. reactor monolith design need not auxiliary fuel, can realize rapid starting/stopping; 4. scale is changeable, 500kW～20, and 000kW does not influence efficient; 5. Application Areas is very wide, can handle biomass, carbon raw material widely, comprises energy crop, agriculture and forestry by-product and waste, organic waste, industry and Hazardous wastes etc.; To high humidity, the material source is complicated, and the waste of perhaps all kinds of high-risk and difficult decomposition reaches very high processing efficiency equally; 6. the resource utilization degree height all is a value product; 7. distributed modular structure item short implementation cycle makes things convenient for addressing anywhere, is easy to large-scale commercial applicationsization and popularizes.8. in the energy utilization process, solid and gaseous emission can satisfy the environmental protection standard of any strictness, also are the Environmentally-sound technologies of a non-burning.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system.
Among Fig. 1,1. e Foerderanlage, 2. feed mechanism, 3. material loading hermatic door, 4. pretreatment unit, 5. chopping mechanism, 6. inner transport unit, 7. steam source, 8. preheating Cryogenic air, 9. other external heat sources, 10. fly-ash separator, 11. moisture suction fan, 12. blanking hermatic door, 13. pyrolytic gasification unit, 14. pyrolytic gasification unit exit seal device, 15. carbon conversion unit, 16. equipment for separating liquid from solid, 17. melt element, 18. the heat power supply device of melt element, 19. high temperature heat source, 20. pressurization quencher, 21. the slag handling equipment, 22. polyradical producers, 23. polyradical accelerated reaction unit, 24, the high-temperature plasma torch, 25, oxy-hydrogen burner, 26, low-temperature plasma, 27. synthetic gas reformer units, 28. heat recovery heat exchanger, 29. fan, 30. waste heat boilers, 31. synthetic gas cleaning systems, 32. the isolated callable pure water of synthetic gas cleaning system, 33. the isolated acid that added value is arranged of synthetic gas cleaning system, salt and sulphur etc., the product that the isolated nothing regeneration of 34. synthetic gas cleaning systems is worth, 35. suction fans, 36. gas-holder, 37. the energy utilization system of synthetic gas burning class, 38. are applied to the synthetic gas separated hydrogen of fuel cell class energy utilization, the synthetic gas of 39. green liquid fuel-based Energy production, 40. the finished product synthetic gas of recirculation, 41. after-flame gas, the ash content in the 42. pre-treatment moistures, the flying dust that 43. gas treating systems are separated or caught, 44. reactor accumulates the flying dust of discharging, 45. the material that recovery value is arranged of pretreatment unit letter sorting, 46. preheated airs, 47. remove the preheated air of melt element, 48. the preheated air on carbon elimination conversion unit top, 49. the preheated air of dereaction device, 50. moistures that import from the drying process of material pretreatment unit, 51. external heat sources.
Specific embodiments
To further specify the present invention in following examples, but the present invention will not be construed as limiting.
Embodiment one:
Multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system can comprising energy crop, agriculture and forestry by-product and waste, organic waste, industry and Hazardous wastes etc., be converted into high-grade energy with biomass, carbon raw material widely.
Solid materials for common characteristics, as fuel wood, stalk or municipal solid wastes, normal operation is directly sent solid materials into pretreatment unit 4, after pretreatment unit 4 is handled, enter pyrolytic gasification unit 13 and finish thermo-cracking and gasification, carbon residue is gasified totally at carbon conversion unit 15, ash content enters melt element 17 and is molten into slurry fully, through pressurization quencher 20, gets rid of with the form of steady solidified slag at last.The gas that produces generates the gasification synthetic gas through melt element 17, carbon conversion unit 15, pyrolytic gasification unit 13, polyradical accelerated reaction unit 23, synthetic gas reformer unit 27, through waste heat recovery, gas sweetening generates finished product gasification synthetic gas, enters downstream application.
For the material of other characteristics, can adopt different treating processess, select different inlets.For example, treatment of waste plastics, the calorific value height, humidity is low, acidity is big, can directly send into pyrolytic gasification unit 13; Handle the high dried material of carbon containing,, can directly send into carbon conversion unit 15 as petrochemical industry byproduct, waste incineration bottom ash; Handle danger wastes, as POPs, Persistent Organic Pollutants, (persistence organic pollutant, specific pollutant with environmental persistence, biological accumulation, long-distance migration ability and high bio-toxicity), can directly send into melt element 17; Handle the very low liquid debris of ash content,, can directly send into polyradical accelerated reaction unit 23 as used oil.
Embodiment two:
Present embodiment is from a 5MW gasifying biomass power generation system, inlet amount～100 ton/day are working gas with air, are 13～16MJ/kg with calorific value, humidity is the biomass material gasification of 35%～45% material source complicated component and purifies, supplies with the fuel gas generation unit of 7 750kW.
Material will be finished drying process in the pretreatment unit 4 of totally-enclosed design, up to humidity＜5% of material, send into pyrolytic gasification unit 13.After the moisture of drying process evaporation is sucked out, after fly-ash separator 10 dedustings, enter carbon conversion unit 15 bottoms.The external heat source that drying process is used is mainly at the downstream energy and utilizes the low temperature exhaust heat that produces in the process, comprising: 7,150～180 ℃ of steam sources, indirect heating material; 8,80～105 ℃ of preheating Cryogenic air, about flow 1300kg/h, the direct heating material, and carry air to send the moisture that produces in the drying process as carrier, enter carbon conversion unit 15 bottoms.This part low temperature exhaust heat is difficult to effective utilization, and being applied to here not only can conserve energy, and can improve the gentle gasification quality of gasification efficiency.Reason is: the moisture in these materials is starting 200 ℃ of pyrogenic processes (〉) the preceding unnecessary energy that is used for moisture evaporation of consumption that needs, need the outer air of the amount of imports to participate in reaction, sacrifice a part of gasification synthetic gas calorific value, accounted for 8% of material total input energy greatly; The content of steam in the product gas of pyrolytic gasification after these evaporations is about 30%, serious reduction coke tar cracking and the synthetic gas efficient of reforming; At the carbon conversion unit, for preventing to avoid high temperature caking, fusing or bonding, need the steam of the about 600kg/h of extra input, the more extra air of input participates in reaction, sacrifices the calorific value of more synthetic gas.Existing waste heat shifts to an earlier date dried material in the system and utilized before gasification, can avoid the problems referred to above.The more important thing is, the core of polyradical biomass gasification technology, thoroughly pyrolysis fuel oil needs to improve the reaction energy grade, needs minimized steam, to obtain maximized polyradical accelerated reaction speed.
If do not import moisture to carbon conversion unit 15, the carbon residue reaction is very fast, discharges a large amount of heats, and material is easy to softening or fusing, is difficult to further reaction, and carbon conversion efficiency is low.The reductibility high-temperature gas product of carbon conversion unit 15 is used for the non-oxidation pyrolysis of pyrolytic gasification unit 13, requires carbon conversion unit 15 to carry out under anaerobic environment, can not improve oxygen quotient because of temperature control.The moisture of sucking-off in the preprocessing process is imported carbon conversion unit 15, in order to the objectionable constituent in the thorough decomposition moisture, in and carbon conversion reaction intensity, avoid high temperature caking, fusing or bonding, improve efficient and stability that carbon transforms.Not only reduce the amount of imports steam of about 600kg/h outward, and reduced the amount of imports air capacity of about 450kg/h outward, guaranteed best gasification efficiency and synthetic gas quality.Carbon conversion unit (15) is fixed-bed reactor, and diameter is about 1m, and height is about 6m.900～1100 ℃ of carbon conversion unit 15 central reaction temperature, heat is from the gasification reaction of preheated air (46) and carbon residue, and the reaction times is longer, guarantees carbon conversion efficiency 100%.At carbon conversion unit 15 tops, temperature control and the monitoring of oxygen amount are arranged, under the anoxic reducing atmosphere, the moisture that imports in the drying process at high temperature reacts with carbon, and main gaseous constituent is CO and H
2In carbon conversion unit 15 bottoms, the ash content of finishing the carbon conversion touches behind 1300～1600 ℃ high-temperature gas of melt element 17 outlets, and ash content begins softening or fusing, enters melt element 17 through equipment for separating liquid from solid 16.
In melt element 17, the steady solidified slag that ash content is fused into is drained on continuity ground, ash content is mainly from carbon conversion unit 15, about 520kg/h, also comprise the ash content 42 in the pre-treatment moisture, the flying dust 43 that polyradical accelerated reaction unit 23, synthetic gas reformer unit 27 separate with gas treating system or catch, total amount is lower than 80kg/h.Final slag of discharging is 1/125 of feed volume approximately.Melt element 17 is generally operational in pressure-fired, here use the high-temperature plasma torch to make high temperature heat source, power input 100～400kW, maintain between 1300～1600 ℃, under this high temperature, residual ash changes into the molten slurry of steady solidified, through pressurization quencher 20, the water spray chilling, the water yield is about 20 tons/hour, recycles.The operating pressure of pressurization quencher 20 is adjusted with melt element 17, reduces liquid level, and liquid level remains unchanged.There is not steam to return melt element 17.The refrigerative slag is sent by slag handling equipment 21; High-temperature gas passes equipment for separating liquid from solid 16 enters carbon conversion unit 15, crosses oxygen condition for little, and for equipment for separating liquid from solid 16 continues to provide heat, guarantees unimpeded.
At the 23 pairs of pyrolytic gasification products in polyradical accelerated reaction unit. elementary gasification synthetic gas carries out advanced treatment.Polyradical producer 22 use here the high-temperature plasma torch (100～800kW) and oxy-hydrogen burner (combination in sources, the hydrogen that the hydrogen of oxy-hydrogen burner is mainly separated from native system finished product synthetic gas take place in 100～600kW) two kinds of free radicals.The core work temperature of high-temperature plasma torch can reach 6,000～10,000 ℃, and the core work temperature of oxy-hydrogen burner also can reach more than 2,000 ℃, and provides a large amount of free radical in reactor.The pyrolytic gasification product. elementary gasification synthetic gas touches the pyroreaction environment that preheated air and a large amount of living radicals exist in polyradical accelerated reaction unit 23, be warming up to rapidly〉1200 ℃ of temperature of reaction.Polyradical accelerating reactor (23) overcomes the shortcoming of prior art, special is tar ingredients cracked reaction kinetics parameter designing, volume is less relatively, concentration of energy, the number of free radical height, be swift in response, concentrate the thorough cracking of finishing tar within a short period of time, and start the reforming reaction of gasification synthetic gas.By the energy of high-temperature plasma torch, the finished product synthetic gas 40 input controlling reactor temperature outs of recirculation, all the time greater than 1200 ℃.
The high-temperature plasma torch need consume certain energy, is included in polyradical accelerated reaction unit 23 and melt element 17, and service rating is about 700kW altogether.But owing to reduced air input～600kg/h, the calorific value of gasification product-synthetic gas improves, from 3.9MJ/Nm
3Bring up to 4.3MJ/Nm
3Keep the polyradical reactor high temperature and need sacrifice a spot of gasification gas calorific value, but gas-phase reaction is rapid, H
2The content height 19%, CO〉17%, CH4＜800ppm need not extra complicated catalytic pyrolysis system, coke tar cracking is thorough, test＜25mg/Nm
3, after purification system, can reduce to＜9mg/Nm
3Applicable to any dynamical downstream energy utilization, for example, can be with high efficiency internal combustion engine (generating efficiency〉38%), combined cycle (generating efficiency〉50%) even fuel cell (generating efficiency〉65%), all drive boiler far above conventional gasifying electricity generation burning. steam turbine power generation mode (generating efficiency about 20%), energy expenditure not only can be compensated, higher overall clean generating efficiency can also be reached.The clean generating efficiency of combined cycle is 30%, is higher than the clean generating efficiency of the equal scale unit that uses conventional gasification technology, generally about 20%.
The high-temperature synthesis gas of 23 outlets from synthetic gas reforming reaction unit ,～10,000Nm
3/ h, temperature through heat recovery heat exchanger 28 recovery waste heats, is cooled to about 200 ℃ greater than 1000 ℃, enters synthetic gas cleaning system 31.The isolated approximately callable pure water 1000kg/h of synthetic gas cleaning system 31, simultaneously isolated salt 23kg/h that added value arranged and sulphur 4.55kg/h etc. produce finished product gasification synthetic gas～9,000kg/h.After the gasification synthetic gas drives the generating of fuel gas generation unit, after-flame gaseous emission HCl＜2mg/Nm
3, SO2＜4mg/Nm
3, Hg＜0.5ug/Nm
3, European Union's gaseous emission standard, more than three limit value be 10mg/Nm
3, 50mg/Nm
3And 50ug/Nm
3Fine environmental protection effect also embodies along with gasification technology efficiently.
Embodiment three:
The present invention is equipped with senior control system of gasification, to each substep process of gasification, the independent reaction unit that each interknits: pre-treatment, pyrolysis, carbon conversion, grey fusion, polyradical accelerated reaction, synthetic gas are reformed, UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN, and meticulous one by one control and integration reach optimization.At the complicacy of biomass material characteristic, Controlling System can be according to material characteristic and actual condition Automatic Optimal operating parameter.Operation simultaneously also comprise the gasification simulator, have huge ten hundreds of various types of raw materials and relevant chemical reaction data storehouse.The special performance of this simulator, forecast function and Controlling System are used.Can realize more senior, meticulousr, more fully control.
Main gasification reference mark comprises successively: the temperature and humidity control of pretreatment unit 4 exit gass; The temperature control of the outlet of pyrolytic gasification unit 13; Carbon conversion unit 15 temperature outs, gaseous constituent and bottom temp, the control of oxygen amount; The control of melt element 17 operating temperatures; 23 temperature of reaction control of polyradical accelerated reaction unit and synthetic gas reformer unit 27 temperature of reaction, exit gas Composition Control.
Main gasification controlled step simple crosscorrelation is unified into the integral body of an optimization, comprise: by pre-treatment control material mass dryness fraction, and moisture imported carbon conversion unit 15 control carbon conversion efficiency, speed and temperature, by material mass dryness fraction, carbon conversion gas body temperature degree and the elementary gasification gas of pyrolytic gasification unit 13 temperature outs control pyrolysis quality, control the gas yield that obtains to optimize by polyradical accelerated reaction unit 23 and synthetic gas reformer unit 27 temperature outs and become to grade.
These control relevant control with other, combine as pressure, material position, air quantity, electric weight, liquid level and high level computer Controlling System, finish to integrate to reach optimization whole gasifying biomass efficient of maximized raising and recycling rate.
Claims (12)
1. multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system, it comprises: pyrolytic gasification unit (13), polyradical accelerated reaction unit (23), (27) three continuous unit of synthetic gas reformer unit, it is characterized in that: each unit is reaction chamber independently mutually, there is gas passage to connect, polyradical accelerated reaction unit (23) is positioned at pyrolytic gasification unit (13) afterwards, synthetic gas reformer unit (27) before, polyradical accelerated reaction unit (23) carries out advanced treatment to pyrolytic gasification product-elementary gasification gas, elementary gasification gas touches the pyroreaction environment that a large amount of living radicals exist at this, its function comprises thorough pyrolysis fuel oil and starts the synthetic gas reforming reaction that gasification gas is finished reforming reaction at reformer unit (27) subsequently.
2. multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system, it comprises: pretreatment unit (4), pyrolytic gasification unit (13), carbon conversion unit (15), (17) four continuous unit of melt element, it is characterized in that: each unit is reaction chamber independently mutually, having solid to transmit passage connects, material is directly sent into pretreatment unit (4), and the moisture of pre-treatment drying process sucking-off is imported into carbon conversion reaction unit (15) and participates in carbon conversion reaction; The also exsiccant material that pyrolytic gasification unit (13) thermo-cracking and gasification are pretreated; After material was finished pyrogenic processes, carbon residue and residual ash content entered carbon conversion unit (15); Melt element (17) continuity ground changes into the molten slurry of steady solidified with residual ash and discharges; The high-temperature gas of melt element (17) enters carbon conversion unit (15), and the high-temperature gas that carbon conversion unit (15) produces enters pyrolytic gasification unit (13).
3. multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system, it comprises each pretreatment unit that interknits (4), pyrolytic gasification unit (13), carbon conversion unit (15), melt element (17), polyradical accelerated reaction unit (23), synthetic gas reformer unit (27), it is characterized in that: each unit is reaction chamber independently mutually, and pretreatment unit (4) is separate with the pyrolytic gasification unit (13) of anaerobic; Polyradical accelerated reaction unit (23), its position are positioned at pyrolytic gasification unit (13) afterwards, and synthetic gas reformer unit (27) before; Carbon conversion unit (15) is positioned at pyrolytic gasification unit (13) afterwards, and melt element (17) before; Be connected by pyrolytic gasification unit (13) between carbon conversion unit (15) and the polyradical accelerated reaction unit (23), the moisture of deriving in pretreatment unit (4) drying process enters carbon conversion unit (15); Melt element (17) continuity ground changes into the molten slurry of steady solidified with residual ash and discharges; The high-temperature gas that carbon conversion unit (15) produces enters pyrolytic gasification unit (13); Polyradical accelerated reaction unit (23) carries out advanced treatment to pyrolytic gasification product-elementary gasification gas.
4. according to the multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system described in claim 1 or 3, it comprises polyradical accelerated reaction unit (23), polyradical accelerated reaction unit (23) comprises reactor body, gas mixer and polyradical producer (22), polyradical producer (22) comprises the dissimilar generation sources that can produce free radical, difference according to the characteristic of processing material, corresponding various combination is used in free radical generation source, and for example the source takes place for certain or multiple free radical.
5. according to the multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system described in claim 2 or 3, its pretreatment unit (4) adopts and totally-enclosedly integratedly carries out that particle is pulverized, transmitted, letter sorting, removes metal, drying, taste removal, explosion-proof, anti-leak processing etc.Comprise e Foerderanlage (1), feed mechanism (2), pretreatment unit material loading hermatic door (3) and blanking hermatic door (12), pretreatment unit (4) inside mainly comprises chopping mechanism (5), inner transport unit (6), external heat source is the steam source (7) of indirect heating material, the preheating Cryogenic air (8) of direct heating material, and other external heat sources (9), by external heat source and transport unit speed the temperature and humidity of exit gas is controlled, pretreated material enters pyrolytic gasification unit (13) by pretreatment unit blanking hermatic door (12), the moisture (50) that imports from the drying process of material pretreatment unit, after fly-ash separator (10) dedusting, be imported into carbon conversion unit (15) bottom, ash content (42) in the isolated pre-treatment moisture of moisture import system is admitted to melt element (17).
6. according to the multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it comprises pyrolytic gasification unit (13), the also exsiccant material that thermo-cracking and gasification are pretreated, heat is from the reductibility high-temperature gas product of carbon conversion unit (15), realize complete Non-oxygen pyrolytic gasification, control the reaction member temperature out by material translational speed and external heat source (51), external heat source (51) comprises electrically heated or microwave heating etc.
7. according to the multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system described in claim 2 or 3, it comprises carbon conversion unit (15), after material is finished pyrogenic processes, carbon residue and residual ash content enter carbon conversion unit (15), heat is from the gasification reaction of preheated air (46) and carbon residue, control reaction member temperature out and gaseous constituent with moisture (50) and after-flame gas (41) that the drying process of the material pretreatment unit of material pretreatment unit (4) imports, under complete reducing atmosphere, the gasification of finishing carbon residue transforms, after the softening or fusing of ash content, flow directly into the melt element (17) of connection, the high-temperature gas of gasification enters bottom, pyrolytic gasification unit (13), for pyrolytic process provides heat.
8. according to the multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system described in claim 2 or 3, it comprises melt element (17), melt element (17) is accepted high temperature heat source (19), the heat that brings as high-temperature plasma or other burners, continuity ground changes into the molten slurry of steady solidified with residual ash, discharge through pressurization quencher (20), high-temperature gas passes equipment for separating liquid from solid (16) enters carbon conversion unit (15), and continue to provide heat for equipment for separating liquid from solid (16), guarantee unimpeded.
9. according to the multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system described in claim 2 or 3 or 7, in its melt element (17), continuity ground is fused into the molten slurry of steady solidified with ash content and drains, ash content is not only from carbon conversion unit (15), comprise that also pretreatment unit (4) imports the ash content (42) in the pre-treatment moisture of carbon conversion unit (15), the flying dust (43) that polyradical accelerating reactor (23), synthetic gas reformer unit (27) separate with gas treating system and catch.
10. according to the multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system described in claim 1 or 3 or 4, in polyradical accelerated reaction unit (23), finished product synthetic gas (40) input of energy, hydrogen (25), preheated air (49) or recirculation by polyradical producer (22) is controlled the reaction member temperature out.
11. according to the multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system described in claim 1 or 3, in synthetic gas reformer unit (27), finish the reforming reaction of gasification synthetic gas, it comprises reactor body and gas mixer, finished product synthetic gas (40) with preheated air (49) and recirculation is controlled reaction member temperature out and gaseous constituent, high-temperature synthesis gas is through heat recovery heat exchanger (28) and synthetic gas cleaning system (31), behind dedusting, removing acid gas and the pollutent, become the finished product synthetic gas.
12. a kind of multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that: heat recovery heat exchanger (28) is with the waste heat recovery in the synthetic gas, conduct to 550 ~ 650 ℃ preheated air, send carbon conversion unit (15), melt element (17), polyradical accelerated reaction unit (23), synthetic gas reformer unit (27) and waste heat boiler (30) back to, the synthetic gas after the purification enters downstream application through suction fan (35) and gas-holder (36).
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