CN101519604A - Multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system - Google Patents

Abstract

A multi-stage controlled free radical biomass gasification renewable energy system can convert a wide range of biomass and carbonaceous raw materials, including energy crops, agricultural and forestry by-products, organic waste, industrial and hazardous waste, etc. into high-grade energy. The system is designed for continuous operation, finely controlling and integrating each sub-step process of gasification: pretreatment, pyrolysis, carbon conversion, ash melting, tar cracking, synthesis gas reforming, and waste heat utilization to achieve optimization; The moisture is introduced into the carbon conversion unit to realize anaerobic pyrolysis; the gasified gas is exposed to a large number of active free radicals in the poly radical accelerated reaction unit; after purification, it enters downstream applications, such as power generation, hydrogen production and biomass methanol ethanol production. The system does not require auxiliary fuel, maximizes gasification efficiency, completely cracks tar and removes pollutants, and is an upstream technology for biomass renewable energy applications. Energy utilization meets any strict environmental protection standards, and it is also an energy-saving and environmentally friendly technology for non-incineration and harmless treatment.

Description

Biomass gasification renewable energy system with multi-stage control polyfree radicals

technical field

The invention relates to a biomass gasification renewable energy system, in particular to a biomass gasification renewable energy system utilizing a free radical acceleration reaction device.

Background technique

Energy is the basis for the survival and development of modern society. The supply capacity of energy is closely related to the sustainable development of the national economy and is one of the foundations of national strategic security. China's current energy supply situation is grim, and the burden on environmental quality is heavy. Due to the dwindling reserves of fossil energy, large fluctuations in oil prices, concerns about energy security and global warming, the development of clean and renewable energy has become an urgent issue, and the new energy industry is showing high growth. According to the widely demonstrated industrial background and development overview of renewable energy, biomass gasification power generation represented by biomass energy, biomass hydrogen energy, and biomass green liquid fuel will become important alternative energy sources in the future. Biomass energy belongs to clean energy. China is very rich in biomass renewable energy resources. The large-scale popularization and application of biomass renewable energy will help improve the ecological environment and reduce CO ₂ emissions.

The development of circular economy is an important way to build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society and realize sustainable development. The construction of circular economy and the development of urbanization have increased the demand for waste treatment and new energy technologies. The Chinese government has promulgated and implemented the "Renewable Energy Law" (2007) and the "Circular Economy Promotion Law" (2008), which listed the scientific and technological research and industrialization development of renewable energy such as biomass energy as a national science and technology development and high-tech industry. The priority areas of development seek to maximize the use of renewable energy, maximize the promotion of resource recovery, and curb the waste of resources and the total discharge of pollutants.

With the sharp fluctuations in oil prices, the energy power of future cars has been diversified. New energy vehicles are mainly divided into alternative fuel vehicles and electric vehicles. Alternative fuels are mainly internal combustion engines, such as ethanol fuel and methanol fuel; electric vehicles include pure electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles with internal combustion engines and batteries working together. After fossil fuels are exhausted, only biomass resources can be used for large-scale fuel and hydrogen energy production, and bio-liquid fuels and clean electricity can be predicted. Fuel cell electric vehicles will be the main energy source for future vehicle power.

Biomass refers to various types of organic matter. In a broad sense, biomass is derived from organic matter generated by plants through photosynthesis, initially from solar energy. Biomass is composed of C, H, O, N, S, P and other elements, and has the advantages of high volatility, high carbon activity, low sulfur and nitrogen content, and low ash content. It not only has the properties of fossil fuels, but also has the characteristics of storage, transportation, regeneration and conversion, and has irreplaceable advantages. There are many types of biomass, usually including the following aspects: firewood forests, energy crops, aquatic plants; oil plants; agricultural by-products (such as straw); agricultural and forestry waste; industrial organic waste (such as waste plastics, petrochemical residues); Grain processing plants, paper mills, wood processing plants, food industry by-products and various organic wastes (including hazardous waste, medical waste, domestic waste), etc. China is rich in biomass resources, with a total amount of 487 million tons of oil equivalent per year, 76% of which can be used for power generation and heating. (Refer to literature: Chinese Government/World Bank/Global Environment Facility - Biomass Power Generation Technology Improvement Potential Analysis and Consulting Project Report, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, April 2005).

The utilization process of biomass energy and renewable energy constitutes a part of the cycle of nature, and the wastes it produces are mainly carbon dioxide and ash, which is a stock cycle concept for nature. The emitted carbon dioxide can be reabsorbed by plants. And the sulfur content of biomass is extremely low, less than 1/4 of the sulfur content of coal. Biomass energy has the characteristics of wide distribution of resources, low environmental impact, and sustainable utilization. The extensive application of biomass energy can significantly reduce carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions, and produce huge environmental and social benefits.

The use of combustion technology to release biomass energy, after years of development, is currently technically mature and commercially popular, such as domestic waste incineration and biomass direct combustion power generation, from the perspective of long-term practice, there are essential defects:

1. The environmental protection problem of the incineration mode is prominent, causing serious secondary pollution, which is manifested in the following aspects: because a large amount of excess air is used in the incineration, the intensity of the incineration is diluted, the working temperature of the incinerator is low or the residence time is short, resulting in harmful substances Cannot be effectively decomposed; in the low temperature area of downstream equipment, under the action of peroxygen, metal salt compound catalysts, fly ash particles and unburned carbon, dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) are re-synthesized, which are highly toxic Harmful substances; especially the grate layer combustion method generates a large amount of acidic pollutant gases, such as HCl, HF, SO ₂ , NO _X , etc.; heavy metals enriched in fly ash and bottom ash seep into the air and groundwater sources. (Refer to literature: Research progress of dioxin control technology in solid waste incineration process, Zhou Liju et al., Energy and Environment, 2006 No.554; Effect of various process parameters of municipal solid waste incinerator on dioxin generation, Liu Yangsheng et al., Modern Chemical Industry, Volume 21, October 2001; National Center for Environmental Analysis and Testing, Dioxin Research, http://cneax.com/2005.)

2. In the incineration mode, the power generation technology with a boiler and a steam turbine essentially has a limited net power generation efficiency. In particular, a large amount of highly corrosive acidic gas generated in a single combustion process can easily cause corrosion of the heating surface of the boiler, resulting in low steam parameters and power generation efficiency, and low energy utilization efficiency.

3. The ash generated in the single combustion process has the problem of heavy metal dialysis, which leads to its ineffective utilization and secondary pollution. The ash needs additional treatment, which is expensive.

4. Because a large amount of excess air is used in incineration, conventional incineration units use large-scale and large-scale tail gas treatment equipment, which leads to a substantial increase in investment and operating costs and reduces economic benefits.

Biomass gasification is a kind of thermochemical conversion of biomass energy. The basic principle is to heat biomass raw materials to pyrolyze (Pyrolysis), gasify and reform (Reforming) higher molecular weight hydrocarbons to generate higher molecular weight hydrocarbons. Low-molecular-weight CO, H ₂ , CH ₄ and other flammable gases convert biomass into gaseous fuels. It is a method of efficient utilization of biomass energy. Compared with biomass combustion technology, it has high energy utilization efficiency and good environmental protection effect, especially for biomass raw materials with wider sources and more complex components, including various organic wastes, hazardous waste. The primary combustible gas produced after biomass gasification contains tar, ash, moisture and a small amount of pollutants (such as acid gas and trace salt, heavy metals), which are purified by purification equipment and converted into finished syngas before being put into use.

There are two main types of equipment used in biomass gasification: fixed bed and fluidized bed gasification devices. The fixed bed is mainly divided into upflow type, downflow type and cross flow type. The material in the reactor is divided into drying layer, thermal decomposition layer, oxidation layer and reduction layer, and there is no boundary between layers. Fixed bed gasification reactors usually have a small gas production capacity and are used in small gasification stations or households, with power generation generally <1MW. The fluidized bed reactor is mainly divided into bubbling bed and circulating fluidized bed. In the fluidized bed, the reaction speed is fast, the material, sand and gasification agent are fully contacted, the heating intensity and reaction intensity are uniform, and the production capacity is large. However, the fluidized bed must work at a temperature below the melting point. For general biomass, it works at about 900°C. At this temperature, the tar cannot be completely cracked; and the ash needs additional treatment; and the investment in the fluidized bed system is large, requiring Larger production scale, power generation is generally >5MW. At present, there is no suitable optimal gasification reactor for the most widely demanded medium-scale, power generation range of 3-5MW, and processing capacity of 80-150 tons/day.

In the gasification process, carbon residue and tar are unavoidable by-products. The residual carbon contains carbon with high calorific value without gasification, which greatly reduces the overall gasification efficiency; tar is a hydrocarbon with a very complex composition, mainly a derivative of benzene, which exists in a gaseous state at high temperatures, and at low temperatures (<200 ° C ) exists in a viscous liquid state, which is difficult to remove. Even if it is removed, part of the calorific value of the syngas will be discharged along with the removed tar, resulting in a loss of gasification efficiency. The unremoved tar causes great difficulties in the application of downstream equipment, such as clogging gas purification equipment and gas turbine pipelines, and is also the main reason for the failure or low efficiency of many biomass gasification technologies. At present, for internal combustion engines that use gasified syngas as fuel, the tar content is required to be less than 30mg/Nm ³ much lower. At present, almost no commercial biomass gasification reactor can meet this requirement.

Biomass gasification technology is currently in the initial stage of large-scale commercial development. There are many attempts and practices. Whether it is the application of fixed bed or fluidized bed gasification reactors, in general, the current commercial development of biomass gasification The main problems encountered in the technology are: 1. Conventional gasification technology, pyrolysis gasification. Combustion. Boiler. Steam turbine. The process route of power generation is similar to incineration technology. Due to the existence of heavy metal dialysis in ash and ash, there are still secondary pollution problems; 2. It cannot adapt to the complexity of the raw material composition, the raw material humidity is too high, or the material properties change greatly, and the solid material is partially agglomerated at high temperature during operation. Melting or sticking, continuous operation reliability is difficult to guarantee; 3. Conventional gasification efficiency is low, carbon residue is more, gasification gas calorific value is low, and calorific value is unstable; 4. Especially in the synthesis gas produced by the gasification process due to The pyrolysis and removal of tar is not complete, generally above 50-200mg/Nm ³ , which cannot drive high-efficiency gas turbines or gas turbines, and can only generate steam through boiler combustion to drive steam turbine generator sets. Compared with incineration power generation, the total power generation Efficiency improvement is limited; catalytic cracking is used to reduce the tar content of syngas, and the process of using solid catalyst is complicated, which greatly increases the production cost. The catalyst works in high temperature and syngas containing a large amount of pollutants, which is prone to failure, and tar cannot be completely eliminated.

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，H⁺)，活性很强，以中间体的形式存在，浓度很低，存留时间很短，快速实现热解转化，对稳定的环形结构的有机物的分解效果明显。(参见文献：The reduction and controltechnology of tar during biomass gasification/pyrolysis：an overview，Jun Han etc.，Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 12(2008)397.416。)尤其是对危险废物及特殊要求废物、气化过程中难处理的残炭、焦油成分，其先进性与优越性进一步显现出来。Free radicals, also known as "free radicals" chemically, are atoms (C, H, O), atomic groups (OH, H ₂ , O ₂ ) and ions (

,

,

,

, H ⁺ ), very active, exists in the form of intermediates, the concentration is very low, the retention time is very short, and the pyrolysis conversion can be realized quickly, and the decomposition effect on the organic matter with a stable ring structure is obvious. (See literature: The reduction and control technology of tar during biomass gasification/pyrolysis: an overview, Jun Han etc., Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 12(2008) 397.416.) Especially for hazardous waste and special requirements waste, gasification process The advanced nature and superiority of the refractory charcoal and tar components are further revealed.

The technical solutions in this field that can be retrieved at present include:

The patent document of Chinese patent application 00112320.3 "Municipal Domestic Garbage Drying Gasification and Melting Treatment Method" uses the waste heat of boiler tail gas to dry materials; melts ash to reduce secondary pollution such as dioxins and heavy metals; adds lime to the gasifier for deacidification. The ash is melted, but the gasification gas is not completely purified, so it is directly burned at high temperature, and the boiler and steam turbine are still used to generate electricity. Chinese patent application 200610054403.X's patent document "Municipal Domestic Garbage Drying Gasification Melting Incineration Treatment Method and System", uses boiler incineration waste heat to obtain high-temperature air, and then introduces it into gasification and melting incinerators; it can also reduce dioxins and heavy metals, etc. Secondary pollution; however, incineration is still the main purpose, and the degree of resource utilization is not high.

Chinese patent application 200610019351.2, "A Cracking Gasification Reformer", decomposes the reaction process into a dust cloud combustion chamber, a cracking gasification chamber and a catalytic reforming chamber. The reaction is carried out stepwise in one reactor. The fuel of the dust cloud combustion chamber is required to be nano-scale powder, which needs to increase the operating cost. However, controlling the second-stage reaction in the same reactor requires complex control. The patent document of Chinese patent application 200720174504.0 "A Gasification Equipment for Converting Garbage and Biomass into High Calorific Value Synthesis Gas", in the same reactor, the water vapor, flue gas and primary gasification gas generated by drying are sent from outside the furnace , into the high temperature zone at the bottom of the furnace. And the application of plasma technology to accelerate the gasification reaction of residual carbon at the bottom of the furnace. However, controlling multi-stage reactions in the same reactor requires complex control, and the scale is too small for large-scale commercial application. Chinese patent application 200620069301.0 patent document "Gasification. Plasma Harmless Waste Treatment System", high-temperature plasma is only used for molten ash, tail gas is discharged separately, and the entire system cannot achieve overall efficiency optimization. Chinese patent application 1420155A patent document "Method for Producing Synthesis Gas by Pyrolysis and Gasification of Biomass with Plasma", high-temperature plasma is used for pyrolysis, gasification and reforming of materials at the top of the reactor to obtain high calorific value gasification synthesis gas. However, pyrolysis and gasification do not require high temperatures. Using plasma, a high-temperature, high-energy energy source that requires a large amount of additional power, for pyrolysis and gasification will reduce the overall gasification efficiency.

Chinese patent application 02134850.2 patent document "Cracking and purification method of combustible gas produced by biomass gasification", the primary gasification gas from the gasification reactor passes through a moving bed reactor with a high-temperature charcoal bed at 800 ° C to 1200 ° C, High temperature and catalytic cracking of tar. Compared with other catalyst cracking tar technologies, high-temperature charcoal is not afraid of deactivation and sulfur poisoning as a catalyst. However, adding charcoal is equivalent to adding auxiliary fuel; the high-temperature charcoal bed requires fillers and discharges, the operation complexity is greatly enhanced, and it is difficult to ensure the catalytic effect; additional air is input to the charcoal bed for combustion to maintain high temperature and reduce the calorific value of gasification gas.

U.S. Patent Document 20040231243, Ash fusing system, method of operating the system, and gasification fusing system for waste, divides gasification, melting, and reforming reactions into three connected reaction chambers, but the overall reaction is not optimized. US patent document 20040170210, Plasmapyrolysis, gasification and vitrification of organic material, is a fluidized bed technology using plasma, and plasma is only applied to carbon gasification and ash melting at the bottom of the reactor.

The prior art closest to the present invention, U.S. Patent Document 2007068413, Ahorizontally.oriented gasifier with lateral transfer system, divides the gasification and reforming reactions into two connected reaction chambers to be carried out separately. The whole reactor is placed vertically and equipped with a high-temperature plasma device to crack tar. Ash melting takes place in another reactor. The design tries to divide the low-temperature reaction zone for solid pyrolysis and drying and the high-temperature reaction zone for gas reformation into two relatively independent reaction zones. However, solid pyrolysis and drying are completed in the same reactor, the pyrolysis reaction is slowed down, the carbon conversion rate is low, and the overall gasification efficiency is low, especially for materials with high humidity and low calorific value. US Patent Document 2007068397, A gas reformulating system using plasma torch heat, uses a high-temperature plasma device for the reforming reaction of syngasification gas, and the reforming reactor is placed vertically. The design tries to use the high temperature of the plasma to obtain a high temperature reaction zone for syngas reforming, and at the same time use ionized gas to accelerate tar cracking. However, tar cracking and syngas reforming have different reaction kinetic parameters, the reactor is relatively large, and the plasma high temperature zone is relatively small. As a result, the efficiency of tar cracking and syngas reforming is not ideal, especially for high humidity , primary synthesis gas containing a lot of inert gases and burn-off gases (such as nitrogen and CO ₂ ), low-temperature air leakage and low calorific value.

Generally speaking, the current attempts and practices of biomass gasification technology are only small-scale innovations, most of which are partial improvements, and the overall configuration has not yet been optimized; the accumulation of knowledge and experience in advanced gasification systems is insufficient, and the control system is not complete. There is a certain distance from a comprehensive commercial application. Plasma began to be used in the biomass gasification process, mostly for the high temperature provided by it, but not enough for its ionization characteristics. The core temperature of the plasma torch is extremely high, reaching 6,000-10,000°C, and the equipment consumes a lot of power. If it is not used properly, it will cause hidden dangers in operation safety; or if it is not used where it is most needed, it will consume a lot of energy, and the problem of tar in the gasification system will be solved. Incomplete, or the designed net power generation efficiency cannot be achieved, or even the net power generation is negative.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies and shortcomings of the prior art, such as difficult control of pyrolysis reaction, low carbon conversion efficiency, low efficiency of tar cracking and syngas reforming, to maximize the efficiency of biomass gasification, to completely crack tar, and to A wide range of biomass and carbon-containing raw materials are converted into high-grade pure gasification synthesis gas, creating conditions for the production of biomass gasification power generation, biomass hydrogen energy, and biomass green liquid fuels, and for the large-scale production of biomass energy It lays the foundation for commercial development and application, and at the same time completely solves the possible pollutant discharge problem in the process of biomass gasification.

In order to achieve the above objectives, the measures taken by the multi-stage control polyfree radical biomass gasification renewable energy system of the present invention are mainly: applying existing high-tech in the fields of biochemistry, energy, materials, control systems, etc., the gasification reactor operates continuously The design divides each step-by-step process of gasification: pretreatment, pyrolysis, carbon conversion, ash melting, tar removal, synthesis gas reforming, and waste heat utilization into each interconnected independent reaction unit, which is finely controlled and integrated to achieve optimization. Maximize the efficiency of biomass gasification; use the poly radical accelerated reaction device to completely crack the tar without losing the energy in the tar, and improve the reforming efficiency of the syngas and increase the hydrogen content; solve the pollutants through the purification system and the melting system emission problem.

The multi-stage control poly-radical biomass gasification renewable energy system can be composed of a pyrolysis gasification unit, a syngas reforming unit, and a poly-radical accelerated reaction unit, and the location of the poly-radical accelerated reaction unit is located in the pyrolysis gasification unit Afterwards, before the synthesis gas reforming unit, each unit is a reaction chamber independent of each other, connected by a gas channel, and the poly radical accelerated reaction unit performs advanced treatment on the pyrolysis gasification product-primary gasification gas, and the primary gasification gas is in the This is exposed to a high-temperature reaction environment where a large number of active free radicals exist, completely cracking tar and starting the reforming reaction of syngas, and the gasification gas completes the reforming reaction in the reforming unit. The accelerated reaction unit for poly-radicals includes a reactor body, a gas mixing device, and a poly-radical generator. The product of pyrolysis and gasification—primary gasification synthesis gas—completes the complete cracking of tar in this unit, and starts the regeneration of gasification synthesis gas. For the entire reaction, poly radical generators include different types of sources capable of generating free radicals.

Multi-stage control polyfree radical biomass gasification renewable energy system. The system can also be composed of a pretreatment device, a pyrolysis gasification unit, a carbon conversion unit, and a melting unit. Each unit is an independent reaction chamber with solid transmission The channel is connected, and the material is directly sent to the pretreatment device, and the moisture sucked out during the pretreatment drying process is introduced into the carbon conversion unit to participate in the carbon conversion reaction; the pyrolysis gasification unit pyrolyzes and gasifies the pretreated and dried material; After the pyrolysis process is completed, the residual carbon and residual ash enter the carbon conversion unit; the melting unit continuously converts the residual ash into a stable solidified magma and discharges it; the high-temperature gas from the melting unit enters the carbon conversion unit; the high-temperature reduction generated by the carbon conversion unit The reactive gas enters the pyrolysis gasification unit to produce the pyrolysis gasification product - primary gasification gas. The system can also increase the poly radical accelerated reaction unit.

Multi-stage control poly-free radical biomass gasification renewable energy system, the system can also be composed of various interconnected pretreatment devices, pyrolysis gasification unit, carbon conversion unit, melting unit, syngas reforming unit, poly-free radical accelerated Composed of reaction units, each unit is an independent reaction chamber, and the heat of the pyrolysis and gasification unit comes from the reducing high-temperature gas product of the carbon conversion unit to achieve complete anaerobic pyrolysis and gasification. The carbon conversion unit is located in the pyrolysis and gasification After the unit, before the melting unit; the carbon conversion unit and the poly radical accelerated reaction unit are connected by a pyrolysis gasification unit, and the melting unit continuously converts the residual ash into a stable and solidified magma; the poly radical accelerated reaction unit Advanced treatment of pyrolysis gasification product - primary gasification gas.

The present invention uses poly-radical biomass gasification technology, English name BioCRG Tech, BiomassConcentrated Radical Gasification Technology, to use high-temperature or high-energy poly-free radical device for the primary gasification gas generated during pyrolysis and gasification of biomass or organic waste The technology of completely cracking tar and starting the reforming reaction of synthesis gasification gas, including the complete conversion of residual carbon and tar into gasification synthesis gas, maximizing the increase of hydrogen H2 content. The gasification synthesis gas is purified by the purification device to become a clean product gasification synthesis gas. The free radical gathering device has different corresponding combinations according to different materials, such as one or more sources of free radicals. The sources of free radicals include: high-temperature plasma torch, water vapor, hydrogen plasma torch, low-temperature plasma (glow, electric Halo, high frequency), oxyhydrogen burner, microwave, etc.

The use of poly radical accelerated reaction devices to convert a wide range of biomass and carbon-containing raw materials into high-grade energy is an upstream technology for the application of biomass renewable energy. Gasification synthesis gas has a wide range of applications, including: ① as fuel for boilers, heating or power generation with steam turbines; ② directly driving gas turbines, gas turbines or combined cycle power generation; ③ separated hydrogen can be used as fuel cells fuel; ④ as a raw material for the synthesis of biomass methanol, ethanol and other green liquid fuels; ⑤ as a raw material for chemical products.

Moreover, the high environmental performance of the poly-free radical biomass gasification technology is also reflected. In terms of gas emissions, compared with incineration using excess air, the same amount of material is processed, the volume of synthetic gas is small, the purification efficiency is high, and the energy utilization can meet any strict environmental protection standards. It is also a non-incineration energy-saving and environmentally friendly technology. In terms of solid discharge, the fully stabilized and vitrified slag after the ultra-high temperature treatment of the plasma torch has an extremely low dialysis rate, and the characteristics after cooling are close to that of stone, which meets the environmental and technical requirements of resource utilization with high standards. .

The multi-stage control polyfree radical biomass gasification renewable energy system includes in sequence:

Send a wide range of biomass and carbonaceous raw materials, including energy crops, agricultural and forestry by-products and waste, organic waste, industrial and hazardous waste, etc., directly into the pretreatment unit. For the complexity of the characteristics of biomass materials, such as agricultural by-products, industrial by-products, domestic waste, medical waste, hazardous waste; solid and liquid materials, etc., there are special pretreatment technologies. The pretreatment device adopts a fully enclosed design, which integrates the functions of material chopping, conveying, sorting, metal removal, drying, deodorization, explosion-proof, and leak-proof, providing guarantee for the reliable operation of the main gasification reactor, including , Conveyor device, feeding mechanism, pretreatment device feeding sealing door and unloading sealing door. The material-feeding sealed door ensures no moisture and odor leakage, especially for waste, which can be disposed of at any time without contact with the outside atmosphere and no peculiar smell, so that it is convenient for site selection in any place. The unloading sealing door ensures that no moisture and air leak into the pyrolysis gasification reactor, and at the same time ensures that no higher temperature pyrolysis gas enters the pretreatment device.

Inside the pretreatment device, it mainly includes a chopping device, an internal conveying device and an external heat source. The external heat source includes: a steam heat source, which indirectly heats the material; preheats low-temperature air, directly heats the material, and transports the air as a carrier to send out the moisture generated during the drying process. Gas, which enters the bottom of the carbon conversion unit; other external heat sources, such as microwaves, electric heaters, etc. The temperature and humidity of the outlet gas are controlled by an external heat source and conveyor speed. After pretreatment, the sorted, chopped and dried materials enter the pyrolysis and gasification unit through the discharge sealing door of the pretreatment device. The moisture sucked out from the drying process of the pretreatment device, after being dedusted by the dust collector, is introduced into the bottom of the carbon conversion unit to completely decompose the harmful components in the moisture, neutralize the carbon conversion reaction intensity, and avoid high temperature agglomeration, melting or sticking To improve the efficiency and stability of carbon conversion.

The system in which the moisture of the pretreatment device is introduced into the carbon conversion unit includes a dust collector and a moisture suction fan, and the ash separated by the moisture introduction system is sent to the melting reactor.

The pyrolysis gasification unit is a moving bed reactor, which pyrolyzes and gasifies the pretreated and dried materials. The heat comes from the reducing high-temperature gas product of the carbon conversion unit, which realizes complete anaerobic pyrolysis gasification and avoids Resynthesis of hazardous or structurally stable hydrocarbons due to an aerobic environment. The temperature control of the outlet of the pyrolysis gasification unit ensures the yield, quality and stability of the pyrolysis gas. The material moving speed and the external heat source are involved in the temperature control of the reactor outlet, and the external heat source includes electric heating, microwave or quartz heating tube, etc. Pyrolysis gasification products. The primary gasification syngas enters the poly radical acceleration reaction unit. Because the pretreated and dried material is processed, the material particles are relatively uniform, the material humidity is small, and the thermal cracking reaction is rapid. Pyrolysis gasification product. The moisture content in the primary gasification syngas is the smallest, the calorific value is high, and the composition of the primary gasification gas is relatively concentrated, which is convenient for the concentrated and high-intensity advanced treatment by the accelerated reaction unit of polyfree radicals.

After the material passes through the pyrolysis gasification unit to complete the pyrolysis process, the residual carbon and residual ash enter the carbon conversion unit, which is a fixed bed or fluidized bed reactor. The moisture and exhaust gas introduced in the drying process of the treatment device participate in the temperature control of the reactor outlet. The core reaction temperature is 900-1200°C, and the reaction time is relatively long. In an oxygen-deficient reducing atmosphere, the carbon conversion is completed. After the ash is softened or melted at the bottom of the carbon conversion unit, it enters the melting unit through a solid-liquid separation device; the high-temperature gas is controlled at 750 ~850°C enters the bottom of the pyrolysis and gasification unit, especially 800°C as the upper choice, to provide heat for the pyrolysis and gasification process.

In the melting unit, the ash is continuously melted into a stable solidified slag and discharged. The ash not only comes from the carbon conversion unit, but also includes the ash in the pretreatment wet gas, the poly radical accelerated reaction unit, the syngas reforming unit and the Fly ash separated or captured by the gas cleaning system. The melting unit accepts high-temperature heat sources, such as high-temperature plasma or other high-temperature heat sources, and maintains it at 1300-1600°C. The residual ash is converted into a stable and solidified molten slurry, which is quenched by spraying water through a pressurized quencher, and the pressure is adjusted according to the melting unit. , the liquid level remains constant and no water vapor returns to the melting unit. The cooled slag is sent out by the slag conveying equipment; the high-temperature gas enters the carbon conversion unit through the solid-liquid separation device, and continuously provides heat for the solid-liquid separation device to ensure smooth flow.

The fully stabilized and vitrified slag of biomass ash after plasma ultra-high temperature treatment has characteristics similar to stone after cooling, and the dialysis rate is extremely low, which meets the environmental requirements and technical requirements of resource utilization with high standards. It can be used as a product with commercial value. At present, the resource utilization of gasification ash mainly includes: substitute aggregate for petroleum asphalt pavement, substitute aggregate for cement/concrete, covering material for landfill, filling material for embankment and subgrade, etc. .

The poly radical accelerated reaction unit includes a reactor body, a gas mixing device and a poly radical generator, and performs advanced treatment of pyrolysis gasification products and primary gasification synthesis gas. Pyrolysis and gasification products. The primary gasification synthesis gas is exposed to a high-temperature reaction environment in which a large number of active free radicals exist in the poly-radical accelerated reaction unit. The reaction kinetic parameters of the cracking of tar components are designed to complete the complete cracking of tar in a short period of time and start the reforming reaction of gasification synthesis gas. Poly radical generators include different types of sources that can generate free radicals. According to the complexity of the materials to be processed, there are correspondingly different combinations, such as one or more sources of free radicals. The sources of free radicals include: high temperature Plasma, water vapor, hydrogen plasma torch, low temperature plasma (glow, corona, high frequency), oxyhydrogen burner, microwave and other free radical sources. The reactor outlet temperature is controlled by the polyradical generator energy, hydrogen or recycled finished synthesis gas input.

The free radical polymerization device needs to consume a certain amount of energy. However, due to the reduction of air input, the heat value of the gasification product-synthesis gas increases; the high temperature of the polymerization free radical reactor needs to sacrifice a small amount of the heat value of the gasification gas, but the gas phase reaction Rapid, no additional complex catalytic cracking system, complete tar cracking, high _H2 content; downstream energy utilization can bring high-efficiency gas turbines, combined cycles and even fuel cells, which can not only compensate for energy consumption, but also achieve higher overall net power generation efficiency. Since poly radical generators need to consume a certain amount of energy, the use of green energy products can be given priority, such as electricity generated by solar energy, wind energy, or hydrogen generated by water decomposition.

The reforming reaction of the syngas is completed in the reforming unit, and the reforming unit of the syngas includes a reactor body and a gas mixing device. In the synthesis gas reforming unit, the volume of the reactor is relatively large, and the reaction temperature is greater than ₁₀₀₀ °C. It is specially designed for the reaction kinetic parameters of the synthesis gas reforming. Th increases the H ₂ content. There are temperature and gas composition control devices at the outlet, and the preheated air and recirculated finished synthesis gas participate in the temperature and composition control of the reactor outlet. After the high-temperature syngas passes through the waste heat recovery heat exchanger and the purification treatment system to remove dust, acid gas and pollutants, it becomes finished syngas and enters downstream applications.

The waste heat recovery heat exchanger can recover the waste heat in the synthesis gas, conduct it to the preheated air at 550-650°C, and preheat at 600°C, and send it back to the carbon conversion unit, melting unit, poly radical accelerated reaction unit, synthesis Gas reforming unit and waste heat boiler.

The synthesis gas purification system can purify the synthesis gas, or/and separate and purify the hydrogen, and recover the value-added products contained in the synthesis gas. Compared with incineration using excess air, the volume of synthetic gas is much smaller and the purification efficiency is high for the same quality of materials. The synthesis gas purification system separates recyclable pure water. The synthesis gas purification system separates value-added acids, salts and sulfur. Remove slag.

The purified syngas enters downstream applications through the suction fan and gas storage tank, including: energy utilization systems for syngas combustion, such as gas turbines, gas turbines or combined cycles; energy utilization of hydrogen separated from syngas, for example, applications It is used in hydrogen fuel cells; synthesis gas is produced by using green liquid fuel energy, such as the production of biomass methanol and biomass ethanol. Part of the syngas product will be recycled, including the recycle of burnt gas, in order to improve gasification efficiency and control gas composition and temperature.

After the clean finished synthesis gas is burned or utilized for other energy, the discharged gas can meet any strict environmental protection standards. The system does not require a chimney, and the excellent environmental protection effect and benefits are further reflected.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The continuous operation design of the gasification reactor divides the step-by-step process of gasification into pretreatment, pyrolysis gasification, carbon conversion, ash melting, tar removal, synthesis gas reforming, and waste heat utilization Each interconnected independent reaction unit is finely controlled and integrated one by one to achieve optimization and maximize the efficiency of biomass gasification; 2. Use the poly radical accelerated reaction device to completely crack tar, laying a solid foundation for the high efficiency and wide application of biomass energy base, without losing the energy in tar, and improve the efficiency of syngas reforming and hydrogen content; cooperate with purification system and melting system to solve the problem of pollutant discharge; 3. The overall design of the reactor does not require auxiliary fuel, and can achieve rapid start-up 4. The scale can be large or small, from 500kW to 20,000kW, without affecting the efficiency; 5. The application field is very wide, and it can process a wide range of biomass and carbon-containing raw materials, including energy crops, agricultural and forestry by-products and waste, organic waste, Industrial and hazardous waste, etc.; for high humidity, complex sources of materials, or various high-risk and difficult-to-decompose wastes, it also achieves high treatment efficiency; 6. The degree of resource utilization is high, and all of them are valuable products; 7. The distributed modular structure project has a short implementation period, which is convenient for site selection anywhere and easy for large-scale commercialization. 8. In the process of energy utilization, solid and gas emissions can meet any strict environmental protection standards, and it is also a non-incineration environmentally friendly technology.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage control polyfree radical biomass gasification renewable energy system.

In Figure 1, 1. Conveying device, 2. Feeding mechanism, 3. Feeding sealing door, 4. Pretreatment device, 5. Chopping device, 6. Internal conveying device, 7. Steam heat source, 8. Preheating low temperature Air, 9. Other external heat sources, 10. Dust collector, 11. Moisture suction fan, 12. Unloading sealing door, 13. Pyrolysis gasification unit, 14. Pyrolysis gasification unit outlet sealing device, 15. Carbon conversion Unit, 16. Solid-liquid separation device, 17. Melting unit, 18. Heat source device of melting unit, 19. High temperature heat source, 20. Pressurized quencher, 21. Slag conveying equipment, 22. Poly radical generator, 23 . Poly radical accelerated reaction unit, 24. High-temperature plasma torch, 25. Hydrogen-oxygen burner, 26. Low-temperature plasma, 27. Syngas reforming unit, 28. Waste heat recovery heat exchanger, 29. Blower fan, 30. Waste heat boiler , 31. Syngas purification system, 32. Recyclable pure water separated from the synthesis gas purification system, 33. Value-added acids, salts and sulfur separated from the synthesis gas purification system, 34. Separation of the synthesis gas purification system 35. Suction fan, 36. Gas storage tank, 37. Syngas combustion energy utilization system, 38. Hydrogen separated from syngas used in fuel cell energy utilization, 39. Green Syngas from liquid fuel energy production, 40. Recycled finished syngas, 41. Burn-off gas, 42. Ash content in pre-treated wet gas, 43. Fly ash separated or captured by gas cleaning systems, 44. Reactor Accumulated and discharged fly ash, 45. Materials with recycling value sorted by pretreatment device, 46. Preheating air, 47. Preheating air for melting unit, 48. Preheating air for upper part of decarbonization conversion unit, 49. Preheated air to the reactor, 50. Moisture introduced from the drying process of the material pretreatment device, 51. External heat source.

specific implementation plan

The present invention will be further illustrated in the following examples, but the present invention is not limited.

Embodiment one:

The multi-stage controlled free radical biomass gasification renewable energy system can convert a wide range of biomass and carbonaceous raw materials, including energy crops, agricultural and forestry by-products and wastes, organic wastes, industrial and hazardous wastes, etc., into high-grade energy.

For solid materials with common characteristics, such as firewood, straw or municipal solid waste, the normal process sends the solid materials directly to the pretreatment device 4, and after being processed by the pretreatment device 4, enters the pyrolysis gasification unit 13 to complete pyrolysis and gasification , the residual carbon is completely gasified in the carbon conversion unit 15, the ash enters the melting unit 17 and is completely melted into a molten slurry, passes through the pressurized quencher 20, and is finally discharged in the form of solidified slag. The generated gas passes through the melting unit 17, the carbon conversion unit 15, the pyrolysis gasification unit 13, the accelerated reaction unit 23 for poly-radicals, and the synthesis gas reforming unit 27 to generate gasified synthesis gas, which is recovered by waste heat and purified to produce finished gas The synthesis gas is converted into downstream applications.

For materials with other characteristics, different processing procedures can be used and different inlets can be selected. For example, processing waste plastics with high calorific value, low humidity, and high acidity can be directly sent to the pyrolysis gasification unit 13; processing dry materials with high carbon content, such as petrochemical by-products and waste incineration bottom ash, can be directly sent to carbon conversion Unit 15; treatment of hazardous waste, such as POPs, Persistent Organic Pollutants, (persistent organic pollutants, special pollutants with environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, long-distance migration ability and high biological toxicity), which can be directly sent to the melting Unit 17: Treatment of liquid waste with very low ash content, such as waste engine oil, which can be directly sent to the reaction unit 23 for accelerated reaction of poly-free radicals.

Embodiment two:

This example comes from a 5MW biomass gasification power generation system, the feed amount is ~100 tons/day, and air is used as the working gas. The material source composition is complex with a calorific value of 13 ~ 16MJ/kg and a humidity of 35% ~ 45%. The biomass raw material is gasified and purified, and supplied to seven 750kW gas-fired generator sets.

The material will complete the drying process in the fully enclosed pretreatment device 4 until the humidity of the material is <5%, and then sent to the pyrolysis gasification unit 13 . After the moisture evaporated in the drying process is sucked out, after being dedusted by the dust collector 10 , it enters the bottom of the carbon conversion unit 15 . The external heat source used in the drying process is mainly the low-temperature waste heat generated in the downstream energy utilization process, including: steam heat source 7, 150-180°C, indirectly heating materials; preheating low-temperature air 8, 80-105°C, flow rate about 1300kg/h , directly heat the material, and transport air as a carrier to send out the moisture generated in the drying process and enter the bottom of the carbon conversion unit 15 . This part of low-temperature waste heat is difficult to be effectively utilized, and its application here can not only save energy, but also improve gasification efficiency and gasification gas quality. The reason is that the moisture in these materials needs to consume excess energy for moisture evaporation before starting the pyrolysis process (>200°C), and additional air needs to be input to participate in the reaction, sacrificing a part of the calorific value of the gasification synthesis gas, It accounts for about 8% of the total input energy of the material; the content of the vaporized water vapor in the product gas of pyrolysis gasification is about 30%, which seriously reduces the efficiency of tar cracking and syngas reforming; in the carbon conversion unit, In order to avoid high temperature agglomeration, melting or sticking, it is necessary to input about 600kg/h of additional water vapor, input more additional air to participate in the reaction, and sacrifice more calorific value of syngas. The above problems can be avoided by using the existing waste heat in the system to dry the material in advance before gasification. More importantly, the core of poly-radical biomass gasification technology, the complete pyrolysis of tar, needs to increase the reaction energy level and minimize the water vapor to obtain the maximum accelerated reaction rate of poly-radicals.

If no moisture is introduced into the carbon conversion unit 15, the residual carbon reacts quickly and releases a large amount of heat, and the material is easy to soften or melt, making it difficult to further react, and the carbon conversion efficiency is low. The reducing high-temperature gas product of the carbon conversion unit 15 is used for the non-oxidative pyrolysis of the pyrolysis gasification unit 13, which requires the carbon conversion unit 15 to be carried out in an oxygen-deficient environment, and the peroxygen coefficient cannot be increased due to temperature control. The moisture sucked out during the pretreatment process is introduced into the carbon conversion unit 15 to completely decompose the harmful components in the moisture, neutralize the carbon conversion reaction intensity, avoid high temperature agglomeration, melting or bonding, and improve the efficiency and stability of carbon conversion sex. It not only reduces the input of an additional 600kg/h of water vapor, but also reduces the input of an additional 450kg/h of air, ensuring the best gasification efficiency and synthesis gas quality. The carbon conversion unit (15) is a fixed bed reactor with a diameter of about 1m and a height of about 6m. The central reaction temperature of the carbon conversion unit 15 is 900-1100° C., and the heat comes from the gasification reaction of the preheated air (46) and residual carbon. The reaction time is relatively long, and the carbon conversion efficiency is guaranteed to be 100%. At the top of the carbon conversion unit 15, there are temperature control and oxygen monitoring. In an oxygen-deficient reducing atmosphere, the moisture introduced during the drying process reacts with carbon at high temperature, and the main gas components are CO and H ₂ . At the bottom of the carbon conversion unit 15, the ash that has completed the carbon conversion contacts the high-temperature gas at 1300-1600°C from the outlet of the melting unit 17, and the ash begins to soften or melt, and enters the melting unit 17 through the solid-liquid separation device 16.

The pyrolysis gasification unit 13 is a moving bed reactor with a bed height of less than 0.9m. It pyrolyzes and gasifies pretreated and dried materials. The particles of the materials are relatively uniform and the humidity of the materials is less than 5%. The reaction is rapid, and the reaction time is less than 15 minutes. Pyrolysis and gasification require energy consumption, and the heat comes from the reducing high-temperature gas product of the carbon conversion unit 15, and the temperature is 600-1000°C. Realize complete anaerobic thermal cracking gasification, avoiding the re-synthesis of hydrocarbons that are harmful or have a stable structure due to an oxygen environment. The temperature at the outlet of the pyrolysis gasification unit 13 is controlled at 400-750° C. according to different materials to ensure the yield, quality and stability of the pyrolysis gas. Material moving speed and external heat source 51 participate in reactor outlet temperature control. The pyrolysis gasification product—primary gasification synthesis gas enters the reaction unit 23 for accelerating the polymerization of free radicals. Pyrolysis gasification product. The moisture content in the primary gasification synthesis gas is the smallest, less than <5% v, the calorific value is high, the average > 20MJ/Nm3, the primary gasification gas composition is relatively concentrated, and it is convenient to gather free radicals to accelerate the reaction unit 23 to carry out concentrated high-intensity deep processing on it. After the material passes through the pyrolysis gasification unit (13) to complete the pyrolysis process, the residual carbon and residual ash enter the carbon conversion unit (15), and the mass contents of the residual carbon and residual ash are about 30% and 62% respectively.

In the melting unit 17, the solidified slag formed by melting the ash is continuously discharged, the ash mainly comes from the carbon conversion unit 15, about 520kg/h, and also includes the ash 42 in the pretreatment moisture, and the accumulation of free radicals accelerates The total amount of the fly ash 43 separated or captured by the reaction unit 23, the syngas reforming unit 27 and the gas purification system is less than 80kg/h. The final discharged slag is about 1/125 of the feed volume. The melting unit 17 generally works under slightly positive pressure. Here, a high-temperature plasma torch is used as a high-temperature heat source, and the input power is 100-400kW, which is maintained at 1300-1600°C. The pressurized quencher 20 is quenched by spraying water, and the water volume is about 20 tons/hour, which is recycled. The working pressure of the pressurized quencher 20 is adjusted with the melting unit 17 to reduce the height of the liquid level and keep the liquid level constant. No water vapor returns to the melting unit 17 . The cooled slag is sent out by the slag conveying equipment 21; the high-temperature gas enters the carbon conversion unit 15 through the solid-liquid separation device 16, and is in a slightly peroxygenated state, and continuously provides heat for the solid-liquid separation device 16 to ensure smooth flow.

The pyrolysis gasification product and the primary gasification synthesis gas are subjected to advanced treatment in the accelerated reaction unit 23 of poly-radicals. Poly radical generator 22 here uses a combination of high-temperature plasma torch (100-800kW) and hydrogen-oxygen burner (100-600kW) two sources of free radical generation. The hydrogen in the hydrogen-oxygen burner is mainly separated from the finished synthesis gas of this system of hydrogen. The core operating temperature of the high-temperature plasma torch can reach 6,000-10,000°C, and the core operating temperature of the hydrogen-oxygen burner can reach above 2,000°C, and provide a large number of free radicals into the reactor. Pyrolysis and gasification products. Primary gasification synthesis gas is exposed to preheated air and a high-temperature reaction environment where a large number of active free radicals exist in the poly-radical acceleration reaction unit 23, and the temperature is rapidly raised to a reaction temperature of >1200°C. The poly radical accelerated reactor (23) overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art, and is specially designed for the reaction kinetic parameters of the decomposition of tar, with relatively small volume, concentrated energy, high free radical concentration, rapid reaction, and concentrated The complete pyrolysis of tar is completed, and the reforming reaction of gasified syngas is started. The outlet temperature of the reactor is controlled by the energy of the high-temperature plasma torch and the input amount of the recycled product synthesis gas 40, which is always greater than 1200°C.

The high-temperature plasma torch needs to consume a certain amount of energy, including the poly radical accelerated reaction unit 23 and the melting unit 17, with a total operating power of about 700kW. However, due to the reduction of air input to 600kg/h, the calorific value of the gasification product—synthesis gas increased from 3.9MJ/Nm ³ to 4.3MJ/Nm ³ ; maintaining the high temperature of the polyradical reactor requires sacrificing a small amount of gas Calorific value of gasification, but the gas phase reaction is rapid, the content of _H2 is higher than 19%, CO>17%, CH4<800ppm, no additional complex catalytic cracking system is needed, tar cracking is thorough, the test is <25mg/Nm ³ , after the purification system It can be reduced to <9mg/Nm ³ ; it can be applied to any high-efficiency downstream energy utilization, for example, it can be equipped with high-efficiency internal combustion engines (power generation efficiency>38%), combined cycle (power generation efficiency>50%) and even fuel cells (power generation efficiency >65%), which are much higher than the conventional gasification power generation combustion-driven boiler and steam turbine power generation method (power generation efficiency is about 20%), which can not only compensate for energy consumption, but also achieve a higher overall net power generation efficiency. The combined cycle net power generation efficiency is 30%, which is higher than the net power generation efficiency of units of the same scale using conventional gasification technology, which is generally around 20%.

The high-temperature synthesis gas exiting from the synthesis gas reforming reaction unit 23, ~10,000Nm ³ /h, with a temperature greater than 1000°C, passes through the waste heat recovery heat exchanger 28 to recover waste heat, cools down to about 200°C, and enters the synthesis gas purification system 31. Syngas purification system 31 can separate about 1,000kg/h of recyclable pure water, 23kg/h of value-added salt and 4.55kg/h of sulfur, etc., to produce a finished gasification synthesis gas of ~9,000kg/h . After the gasification synthesis gas drives the gas generator set to generate electricity, the exhaust gas emission HCl<2mg/Nm ³ , SO2<4mg/Nm ³ , Hg<0.5ug/Nm ³ , according to the EU gas emission standard, the limit of the above three items is 10mg /Nm ³ , 50mg/Nm ³ and 50ug/Nm ³ . The excellent environmental protection effect is also reflected with the efficient gasification technology.

Embodiment three:

The present invention is equipped with an advanced gasification control system, for each sub-step process of gasification, each interconnected independent reaction unit: pretreatment, pyrolysis, carbon conversion, ash melting, accelerated reaction of polyfree radicals, synthesis gas reforming, waste heat utilization , finely controlled and integrated one by one to achieve optimization. For the complexity of biomass material characteristics, the control system can automatically optimize operating parameters according to material characteristics and actual working conditions. Simultaneous operation also includes a gasification process simulator, which has a huge database of tens of thousands of various types of raw materials and related chemical reactions. The simulator's unique performance, predictive capabilities are used in conjunction with the control system. Higher-level, finer-grained, and more comprehensive control can be achieved.

The main gasification process control points include: the temperature and humidity control of the outlet gas of the pretreatment device 4; the temperature control of the outlet of the pyrolysis gasification unit 13; the control of the outlet temperature, gas composition, bottom temperature, and oxygen amount of the carbon conversion unit 15; The operation temperature control of the melting unit 17; the reaction temperature control of the poly radical accelerated reaction unit 23 and the control of the reaction temperature and outlet gas composition of the synthesis gas reforming unit 27.

The main gasification process control steps are interrelated to form an optimized whole, including: controlling the dryness of the material through pretreatment, introducing moisture into the carbon conversion unit 15 to control the carbon conversion efficiency, rate and temperature, and controlling the carbon conversion efficiency, rate and temperature through the material dryness, carbon conversion gas The temperature and the outlet temperature of the pyrolysis gasification unit 13 control the quality of the pyrolysis primary gasification gas, and the optimized gas yield and composition are obtained through the control of the outlet temperature of the polymerization radical acceleration reaction unit 23 and the synthesis gas reforming unit 27 .

These controls are combined with other related controls, such as pressure, material position, air volume, electricity, liquid level, and advanced computer control systems, to complete integration and achieve optimization, and to maximize the overall biomass gasification efficiency and resource utilization.

Claims (12)

1. multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system, it comprises: pyrolytic gasification unit (13), polyradical accelerated reaction unit (23), (27) three continuous unit of synthetic gas reformer unit, it is characterized in that: each unit is reaction chamber independently mutually, there is gas passage to connect, polyradical accelerated reaction unit (23) is positioned at pyrolytic gasification unit (13) afterwards, synthetic gas reformer unit (27) before, polyradical accelerated reaction unit (23) carries out advanced treatment to pyrolytic gasification product-elementary gasification gas, elementary gasification gas touches the pyroreaction environment that a large amount of living radicals exist at this, its function comprises thorough pyrolysis fuel oil and starts the synthetic gas reforming reaction that gasification gas is finished reforming reaction at reformer unit (27) subsequently.

2. multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system, it comprises: pretreatment unit (4), pyrolytic gasification unit (13), carbon conversion unit (15), (17) four continuous unit of melt element, it is characterized in that: each unit is reaction chamber independently mutually, having solid to transmit passage connects, material is directly sent into pretreatment unit (4), and the moisture of pre-treatment drying process sucking-off is imported into carbon conversion reaction unit (15) and participates in carbon conversion reaction; The also exsiccant material that pyrolytic gasification unit (13) thermo-cracking and gasification are pretreated; After material was finished pyrogenic processes, carbon residue and residual ash content entered carbon conversion unit (15); Melt element (17) continuity ground changes into the molten slurry of steady solidified with residual ash and discharges; The high-temperature gas of melt element (17) enters carbon conversion unit (15), and the high-temperature gas that carbon conversion unit (15) produces enters pyrolytic gasification unit (13).

3. multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system, it comprises each pretreatment unit that interknits (4), pyrolytic gasification unit (13), carbon conversion unit (15), melt element (17), polyradical accelerated reaction unit (23), synthetic gas reformer unit (27), it is characterized in that: each unit is reaction chamber independently mutually, and pretreatment unit (4) is separate with the pyrolytic gasification unit (13) of anaerobic; Polyradical accelerated reaction unit (23), its position are positioned at pyrolytic gasification unit (13) afterwards, and synthetic gas reformer unit (27) before; Carbon conversion unit (15) is positioned at pyrolytic gasification unit (13) afterwards, and melt element (17) before; Be connected by pyrolytic gasification unit (13) between carbon conversion unit (15) and the polyradical accelerated reaction unit (23), the moisture of deriving in pretreatment unit (4) drying process enters carbon conversion unit (15); Melt element (17) continuity ground changes into the molten slurry of steady solidified with residual ash and discharges; The high-temperature gas that carbon conversion unit (15) produces enters pyrolytic gasification unit (13); Polyradical accelerated reaction unit (23) carries out advanced treatment to pyrolytic gasification product-elementary gasification gas.

4. according to the multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system described in claim 1 or 3, it comprises polyradical accelerated reaction unit (23), polyradical accelerated reaction unit (23) comprises reactor body, gas mixer and polyradical producer (22), polyradical producer (22) comprises the dissimilar generation sources that can produce free radical, difference according to the characteristic of processing material, corresponding various combination is used in free radical generation source, and for example the source takes place for certain or multiple free radical.

5. according to the multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system described in claim 2 or 3, its pretreatment unit (4) adopts and totally-enclosedly integratedly carries out that particle is pulverized, transmitted, letter sorting, removes metal, drying, taste removal, explosion-proof, anti-leak processing etc.Comprise e Foerderanlage (1), feed mechanism (2), pretreatment unit material loading hermatic door (3) and blanking hermatic door (12), pretreatment unit (4) inside mainly comprises chopping mechanism (5), inner transport unit (6), external heat source is the steam source (7) of indirect heating material, the preheating Cryogenic air (8) of direct heating material, and other external heat sources (9), by external heat source and transport unit speed the temperature and humidity of exit gas is controlled, pretreated material enters pyrolytic gasification unit (13) by pretreatment unit blanking hermatic door (12), the moisture (50) that imports from the drying process of material pretreatment unit, after fly-ash separator (10) dedusting, be imported into carbon conversion unit (15) bottom, ash content (42) in the isolated pre-treatment moisture of moisture import system is admitted to melt element (17).

6. according to the multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it comprises pyrolytic gasification unit (13), the also exsiccant material that thermo-cracking and gasification are pretreated, heat is from the reductibility high-temperature gas product of carbon conversion unit (15), realize complete Non-oxygen pyrolytic gasification, control the reaction member temperature out by material translational speed and external heat source (51), external heat source (51) comprises electrically heated or microwave heating etc.

7. according to the multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system described in claim 2 or 3, it comprises carbon conversion unit (15), after material is finished pyrogenic processes, carbon residue and residual ash content enter carbon conversion unit (15), heat is from the gasification reaction of preheated air (46) and carbon residue, control reaction member temperature out and gaseous constituent with moisture (50) and after-flame gas (41) that the drying process of the material pretreatment unit of material pretreatment unit (4) imports, under complete reducing atmosphere, the gasification of finishing carbon residue transforms, after the softening or fusing of ash content, flow directly into the melt element (17) of connection, the high-temperature gas of gasification enters bottom, pyrolytic gasification unit (13), for pyrolytic process provides heat.

8. according to the multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system described in claim 2 or 3, it comprises melt element (17), melt element (17) is accepted high temperature heat source (19), the heat that brings as high-temperature plasma or other burners, continuity ground changes into the molten slurry of steady solidified with residual ash, discharge through pressurization quencher (20), high-temperature gas passes equipment for separating liquid from solid (16) enters carbon conversion unit (15), and continue to provide heat for equipment for separating liquid from solid (16), guarantee unimpeded.

9. according to the multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system described in claim 2 or 3 or 7, in its melt element (17), continuity ground is fused into the molten slurry of steady solidified with ash content and drains, ash content is not only from carbon conversion unit (15), comprise that also pretreatment unit (4) imports the ash content (42) in the pre-treatment moisture of carbon conversion unit (15), the flying dust (43) that polyradical accelerating reactor (23), synthetic gas reformer unit (27) separate with gas treating system and catch.

10. according to the multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system described in claim 1 or 3 or 4, in polyradical accelerated reaction unit (23), finished product synthetic gas (40) input of energy, hydrogen (25), preheated air (49) or recirculation by polyradical producer (22) is controlled the reaction member temperature out.

11. according to the multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system described in claim 1 or 3, in synthetic gas reformer unit (27), finish the reforming reaction of gasification synthetic gas, it comprises reactor body and gas mixer, finished product synthetic gas (40) with preheated air (49) and recirculation is controlled reaction member temperature out and gaseous constituent, high-temperature synthesis gas is through heat recovery heat exchanger (28) and synthetic gas cleaning system (31), behind dedusting, removing acid gas and the pollutent, become the finished product synthetic gas.

12. a kind of multilevel-control polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that: heat recovery heat exchanger (28) is with the waste heat recovery in the synthetic gas, conduct to 550 ~ 650 ℃ preheated air, send carbon conversion unit (15), melt element (17), polyradical accelerated reaction unit (23), synthetic gas reformer unit (27) and waste heat boiler (30) back to, the synthetic gas after the purification enters downstream application through suction fan (35) and gas-holder (36).

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