CN1015153B - 催化反应器的组件式配气歧管装置 - Google Patents

催化反应器的组件式配气歧管装置

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CN1015153B
CN1015153B CN88103094A CN88103094A CN1015153B CN 1015153 B CN1015153 B CN 1015153B CN 88103094 A CN88103094 A CN 88103094A CN 88103094 A CN88103094 A CN 88103094A CN 1015153 B CN1015153 B CN 1015153B
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gas
grid
bed
assembly mode
manifold device
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CN88103094A (zh
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亨利克·奥托·斯塔尔
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Topsoe AS
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Haldor Topsoe AS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
    • C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
    • C01C1/0417—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst characterised by the synthesis reactor, e.g. arrangement of catalyst beds and heat exchangers in the reactor
    • C01C1/0423—Cold wall reactors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0207—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly horizontal
    • B01J8/0214—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly horizontal in a cylindrical annular shaped bed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0278—Feeding reactive fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
    • C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
    • C01C1/0417—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst characterised by the synthesis reactor, e.g. arrangement of catalyst beds and heat exchangers in the reactor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/30—Exhaust treatment

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)

Abstract

反应器中分配气流的组件式歧管装置包括一容器，容器壁内的供气体反应的粒状催化剂床，其布置为该床至少部分由透气的格栅围绕。为了把组成向反应器床通入均流的通道构件能由狭窄的人孔中送入，组件式歧管装置各包括一长形管，它一端封闭，另端开放让气进出，该管有一不透气的后侧壁具有相应于容器壁的形状和一前侧它包括一透气的格栅和置于格栅内侧的带有大量喷嘴的片或板。

Description

本发明关于反应器中用的组件式配气歧管装置，特别是粒化床是部分地由可透气的格栅所围绕的那种型式，以及那种使用多个上述装置的反应器。
在现有的反应器中，气体流经的床或各粒化床，是至少在其一侧围着穿孔板或格栅，让气体可以流通。格栅既可被布置在床的进口和出口，也可被布置在床的下侧，上面是留着开放的。在第一种场合，气流将是典型的水平的，而在第二种场合的气流将是垂直的。在所有的场合，格栅必须能受得住来自颗粒重量的压力。
在现有的反应器中，气体进口是被布置成这样的，即气体绕着进口侧以均压分布，其目的是保证流阻独立于流道而保持相等。一种常用的获得均匀流道的方法是把床布置成对于一个轴线作轴对称，以获得通过环形粒化床的径向气流，它被处于两个圆柱壳形的格栅之间的空间中，外面的那个格栅形成进口而里面的那个格栅形成床的出口。为了进一步改善气流的均匀性，在进口侧格栅的外侧布置了一个带多个喷咀的外壳，因此气体必须穿过喷咀然后再通过格栅进入颗粒中。
在有些场合，在容器壁内侧的床的可接近性被限制得使容器内侧的同心外壳结构变成不现实。特别是这种场合，即格栅和带喷咀外壳必须通过以装配成粒化床的那个开口的直径小于特别是外格栅和带喷咀外壳的直径时。
本发明的目的是提供一种组件式歧管装置，它可以分开地穿过一个 比较小的开口，用了它，就可以构成气体进口通道，通过这种通道能保证容器中平行的或径向的的气流都能以均匀的气流型式通过颗粒。
按照本发明，上述目的的达到是由于使用了一种在反应器中分配气流的组件式歧管装置，它包括一个容器，在其壁内有一个颗粒催化剂的床，用来使气体反应，其布置是床至少部分地被透气格栅所围绕，其特征为各歧管组件包括一个长形的管，其一端封闭，另一端开放作为气体进口，该管有一个不透气的后侧壁其形状相应于容器的壁，而一个前侧包括一个透气的格栅和被置于格栅里面的一块带有多个喷咀的金属片或板。由于组件被制成长形管状，它们能被穿过相当狭的开口。当它们被放进容器中后，它们能被置成以不透气的后面沿着容器壁，以透气的格栅面向容器的内侧，容器随即被填充着颗粒。在格栅里侧的带喷咀的金属片或板保证气体在通过格栅进入颗粒之前产生一个压降，以保证通过格栅在分配元件的前面建立均匀气流。最好是，组件的截面是这样的，即多个元件并排地排成一排，形成不透气的后面，一个前面基本上由格栅和喷咀板覆盖。用了这种元件排列，当床用连接在一起的圆柱形壳构成时能获得相同的流道。
按照本发明的一个优先实施例，喷咀板被固定在格栅的两个纵边上。而带有喷咀的板是用带孔的薄金属片制成，孔的直径最好大于板厚的0.7倍，最好是让板靠在格栅上，在这场合板不需要很刚强以承受通过喷咀的压降而保持不弯曲。
在其他场合带喷咀的板可以具有穿过组件全长的管形，管子以气密状态在组件开口端装配在组件的其余部分。带喷咀的管能和元件具有相同的截面，最好是喷咀仅制在其朝向格栅的一侧上。
按照本发明的歧管组件可以优先被使用于合成氨的催化反应器中。这种反应器包括一个压力罩壳，其上有人孔和连接件以便连接氨合成气体的进口和出口，还包括至少一个催化剂床，它被做成一个环形床，被 布置在和压力罩壳同心布置的各同心穿孔壁之间，并在轴向由基本上气密的壁所限制着。按照本发明，外壁是由上面讲过的本发明的组件式歧管装置所构成，被布置成靠紧着的排列以其不透气的后面离开催化床。
反应器的一个优先实施例，它的压力壳上的温度应力被减低了的，其特征为在压力壳的内侧，有一个同心的气密内壳被布置着，以便提供一个狭窄的环形空间于压力壳和内壳之间，通过这个空间，部分合成气体被引导以冷却压力壳，然后再被导至催化床，而组件式歧管装置被布置成以后面沿着内壳。
本发明在下面参照附图被进一步说明，附图显示一个催化或化学反应器，它具有径向的气流穿过一个含有催化剂颗粒的床，其中的床的气体进口装备有按照本发明的组件式歧管装置。在附图中：
图1显示一个通过反应器的纵剖面，
图2显示一个通过按照本发明元件的剖面，
图3显示一个通过按照图1反应器的横剖面。
在图1中的纵剖面所示的反应器包括一个容器1，其形式为一个压力壳，在其一端有一个人孔2，以便提供接近的机会对容器内侧的催化物进行检查和更换。在容器的另一端装有一个在通向中央气体通道4进口处的连接件3。颗粒形式的催化剂被置于歧管装置5和内部出口格栅7之间。来自进口3的气体沿着箭头表示的通道流动，通过出口8处的连接件离开容器。在图1中组件式歧管装置5呈现以纵剖面。在图中它们的上端是开放的，而下端是封闭的。
图2显示通过一个歧管组件5的剖面。组件有一个前面它包括一个格栅9，带有很多开口，以允许气体流过，但是这些开口都小于颗粒6的粒径。在格栅9的纵边上连接着后壁10，它的形状大致上相应于容器1的内壁。在歧管组件内侧被置有一个薄金属片11，在该片上有大量的基本上均匀分布的孔。各孔的尺寸超过片厚的0.7倍。这个数值对应于这 个极限，即在这极限上时，孔缘的形状对通过由孔形成的喷咀的流阻不产生显著影响。为了使大量的孔置成彼此靠近，片11就要薄，但是在此场合它就不能抵抗相应于通过孔的流阻的压差产生的力而不产生弯曲。在某些场合把片11靠近格栅9并由它来支持着是有利的。
图3显示通过按照图1中反应器的部分剖面。歧管组件5被装成以它们的后侧朝向容器壁1。组件5能如画出的那样被置成隔开的排或尽可能彼此靠近，这就形成一个壁，它的后侧是气密的，而它的前面基本上由格栅组成。在图中也示出气体通道4和内部的格栅7。
在反应器中的组件式歧管装置5和其它零件都通过人孔2而装在容器1中。关上人孔2的盖后，反应器就可投入运行。气流经过进口3、经过通道4到达催化床6上方的空间，从这里它向下流经过歧管装置5。由于气流经过片或板11的喷咀或孔时产生的压降，就得到了分布在各组件之间的一个均流，各组件被沿着容器1的壁置成一个圆，见图3。压降还能使气体以相同的质量流经过片或板11的所有的孔。一个径向地经过朝向格栅7的颗粒6的大致上的均流就这样被得到，这个气流继续经过格栅7和通道4之间的狭窄中间空间到出口8，经过出口8，气体离开了反应器。

Claims (9)

1、一种在反应器中分配气流的组件式歧管装置，包括一个容器，在容器壁内有一个颗粒化催化剂床，气体就在床上起反应，整个布置是，该床至少部分地由透气的格栅所围绕着，本发明的特征是各歧管组件包括一个长形管，它的一端是封闭的，另一端是开放的供气体进入，该管有一个不透气的后侧壁，其形状相应于容器的壁，一个前侧包括一个透气的格栅以及被置于格栅侧的带有多个喷咀的片或板。
2、如权利要求1中的组件式歧管装置，其特征为组件的横截面被做成当把元件置成并排相互靠近时，形成一个基本上不透气的后侧壁和一个前侧，该前侧基本上由喷咀板和格栅所覆盖。
3、如权利要求1或2中的组件式歧管装置，其特征为喷咀的孔具有的直径大于板或片厚度的0.7倍。
4、如权利要求1、2或3中的组件式歧管装置，其特征为带喷咀的板被固定在格栅的纵边上。
5、如权利要求1、2或3中的组件式歧管装置，其特征为带喷咀的板是一根内管，它穿过元件的全长，该内管以气密连接在元件的开口端。
6、如权利要求5中的组件式歧管装置，其特征为内管的横截面基本上和元件的横截面相同，但是较为小些，内管被布置成和元件的内壁相互靠近。
7、如权利要求6中的组件式歧管装置，其特征为管中的喷咀都被布置在管子朝向格栅的部分。
8、用于合成氨的反应器包括一个压力壳，其上制有人孔和连接件，连接件用于氨合成气体的进出，并包括至少一个催化床，它被做成一个环形床，被置于压力壳中同心地布置着的同心穿孔壁之间，轴向由基本上气密的壁所限制，其特征为外壁是由按照权利要求1的组件式歧管装置所构成，被布置成靠近的排列，以不透气的后面离开着催化床。
9、如权利要求8中的反应器，其特征为在压力壳内侧布置有一个同心的气密内壳，以提供一个狭窄的环形中间空间于压力壳和内壳之间，经过这个空间，部分合成气体被引导来冷却压力壳，然后再被引导至催化床，而组件式歧管装置被置成以其后面沿着内壳。
CN88103094A 1987-05-20 1988-05-20 催化反应器的组件式配气歧管装置 Expired CN1015153B (zh)

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FR2615407A1 (fr) 1988-11-25
IN171464B (zh) 1992-10-24
BE1004033A3 (fr) 1992-09-15
DK155979C (da) 1989-10-30
CA1307382C (en) 1992-09-15
JPS6456132A (en) 1989-03-03
JP2672330B2 (ja) 1997-11-05
DK257087D0 (da) 1987-05-20
DK257087A (da) 1988-11-21
DK155979B (da) 1989-06-12
DE3817303C2 (zh) 1993-07-08
BR8802447A (pt) 1988-12-20
FR2615407B1 (fr) 1992-04-17
US4971771A (en) 1990-11-20
CN88103094A (zh) 1988-12-21
DE3817303A1 (de) 1988-12-15

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