CN101506104A - 从废水中去除硫酸盐和重金属的方法 - Google Patents

从废水中去除硫酸盐和重金属的方法 Download PDF

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CN101506104A
CN101506104A CNA2007800304768A CN200780030476A CN101506104A CN 101506104 A CN101506104 A CN 101506104A CN A2007800304768 A CNA2007800304768 A CN A2007800304768A CN 200780030476 A CN200780030476 A CN 200780030476A CN 101506104 A CN101506104 A CN 101506104A
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M·里本萨姆
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    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及从废水中去除硫酸盐和重金属的方法,包括以下步骤:a)在第一处理阶段(I),使硫化氢通过废水,其中使废水中存在的重金属作为硫化物沉淀出来和从废水中除去,b)在第二处理阶段(II),通过添加沉淀助剂使硫酸钙从废水中沉淀出来,c)从第二处理阶段(II)除去所述硫酸钙且将其一部分供应给第三处理阶段(III),在第三处理阶段(III)中借助于还原硫酸盐的细菌将硫酸盐转化成硫化氢,d)将在第三处理阶段(III)中形成的硫化氢供给第一处理阶段(I)。

Description

从废水中去除硫酸盐和重金属的方法
本发明涉及处理含硫酸盐和重金属的废水的方法。在特别是矿业上金属矿的运输、精炼和提取过程中,会大量产生这种废水。通常,通过降低pH和添加沉淀助剂如石灰乳将硫酸盐作为硫酸钙从这种废水中沉淀析出,并借助沉淀池或过滤器级从废水中除去。由于废水中含有重金属,所以必须将所述硫酸盐污泥当作特殊废物对待和以高费用在特殊的填埋场储存。US5,587,079公开了一种方法,其中重金属通过引入硫化氢而被沉淀析出和被分离。一部分含硫酸盐的水被输入生物反应器,在其中借助于还原硫酸盐的细菌将硫酸盐转化为H2S,而此H2S被用于重金属沉淀。剩余的硫酸盐在生物反应器中被转化成H2S,其中此H2S发生反应形成金属硫化物。这种方法的缺陷特别在于,必须使所有的废水都通过生物反应器以分离其中所含的所有硫酸盐。这不仅需要极大的具有相应运行和维护费用的生物反应器,还需要进一步的方法步骤和相应装置来使所形成的硫化氢反应生成金属硫化物。另一缺陷在于在大量硫酸盐的情况下,除了从所述含重金属的废水中沉淀析出的金属硫化物之外还会形成相应大量的金属硫化物。因此,总起来会产生极大量的金属硫化物,这在缺乏再利用可能的情况下会导致严重的处理和/或填埋问题。比如,存在例如与酸性水接触时从所述硫化物中排出硫化氢的危险。
鉴于此点,本发明的目的在于提出一种用于含硫酸盐和重金属的废水的备选处理方法,通过此方法,特别是可以避免所述缺陷。
此目的能根据权利要求1通过一种方法实现,其中在第一处理阶段,使硫化氢通过所述废水。在此过程中,废水中存在的重金属,如铜、铁或锰,被作为硫化物沉淀出和从废水中除去,然后在第二处理阶段,通过添加沉淀助剂使硫酸钙从废水中沉淀出来。此过程的优点在于,硫酸盐从废水中的分离可以基本上仅在单个步骤中进行,适当时在下游连接过滤器来分离残余水。相比之下,已知方法分离硫酸盐需要至少两个步骤,即,使几乎所有废水通过生物反应器和随后反应形成金属硫化物,这显然需要使用相应的盐,是一项额外的化学品支出。与金属硫化物相比,沉淀出的硫酸钙(石膏)可被作为制造建筑石材的添加剂或作为粘合剂用于建筑业。另一优点在于,在所提出的方法中只需要较小的生物反应器,因为其只用于产生沉淀废水中存在的重金属所需量的硫化氢。
所需的相应硫化氢量可以简单地通过输入第三处理阶段的硫酸钙量来控制,即使得存在化学计量部份的硫化物和重金属离子。为了例如在重金属含量有波动的情形下降低分析费用,可以采用与化学计量量相比过量的硫化氢,特别是过量20mol%。对于重金属含量较低的情形,未使用的硫化氢可以例如被暂时储存,以便在需要时被再使用。
所用沉淀助剂优选地为铝酸钙。也可以使用铝酸钠。
下面将参照附图对本发明进行更详细地说明,其中附图显示了本发明方法的流程图。
对于所讨论的废水处理方法,基本上需要总计三个处理阶段,在附图中标记为I-III。待净化的废水首先被供应给处理阶段I。该阶段包括用于用硫化氢处理所述废水的反应器1。反应器1通过管线2被供以废水。硫化氢被通过管线3在处于反应器1底部区域的某一位置供应给反应器1。为了将硫化氢尽可能细地分配在废水中,提供了一个循环装置。它包括一个循环管线5,循环管路5在反应器的盖子区域分叉和在较低的位置开口进入反应器1,其中在此循环管路5中设有泵6。泵6以高速循环所述废水,其中在反应器1之中产生强烈的湍流,此湍流有助于反应物的充分混合。通过引入硫化氢所形成的重金属硫化物被废水流向上传导,通过设置在与盖子邻接区域的出口7进入设置在反应器1下游的过滤器单元8。在这里,重金属硫化物被从废水中滤出。在过滤器单元8的底部区域,含重金属硫化物的原生污泥被通过管线9排出并经受过滤,例如使用板式器压滤机10。滤液和/或净化掉重金属硫化物的废水被通过管线12从过滤器单元8中排出并供应给处理阶段II。
处理阶段II包括一个具有漏斗形或楔形底部14的沉降容器13。在接近沉降容器13的上侧15的某个位置,来自过滤器单元8的管线12通入沉降容器13。铝酸钙被作为沉淀助剂从贮存容器16引入沉降容器13。为加速沉淀过程,在沉降容器13内提供了一个搅拌器装置17,此搅拌器装置由马达18驱动。沉淀的硫酸钙,在搅拌器装置17处于静止时,聚积在沉降容器13的底部14并被通过管线19作为二次污泥排出,而基本上脱除了硫酸盐的废水被通过靠近上侧15设置的管线20排出。所述二次污泥的一部分被通过从管线19分出来的管线22供应给处理阶段III。
处理阶段III主要由生物反应器23构成,硫酸盐在生物反应器23中借助于还原硫酸盐的细菌以本身已知的方式被转化成硫化氢。为了使此转化可以发生,在生物反应器23中维持了缺氧条件。硫酸盐形成硫化氢的反应需要电子给体或碳源。其以被有机物污染的废水24的形式通过贮存容器25和管线26输入生物反应器23。作为微生物代谢过程的反应产物形成硫化氢和二氧化碳。处理阶段I的反应器1被通过管线3充以这种气体混合物。通过生物反应器23中的反应,形成了特别是有机性质的固体,它们被通过在接近生物反应器23底部区域进入的管线27输送给过滤单元,例如同样为滤板10。如果合适,滤液被再循环到生物反应器23中。

Claims (4)

1.从废水中去除硫酸盐和重金属的方法,包括以下步骤:
a)在第一处理阶段(I),使硫化氢通过废水,其中使废水中存在的重金属作为硫化物沉淀出来和从废水中除去,
b)在第二处理阶段(II),通过添加沉淀助剂将硫酸钙从废水中沉淀出来,
c)从第二处理阶段(II)除去所述硫酸钙并将其一部分供给第三处理阶段(III),在第三处理阶段(III)中借助于还原硫酸盐的细菌将硫酸盐转化成硫化氢,
d)将在第三处理阶段(III)中形成的硫化氢供给第一处理阶段(I)。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所用沉淀助剂为铝酸钙。
3.权利要求1或2的方法,其中将硫酸钙被供应给第三处理阶段(III),直到至少形成废水中所含重金属的化学计量反应所需量的硫化氢。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中采用过量20mol%的硫化氢。
CN2007800304768A 2006-08-16 2007-08-10 从废水中去除硫酸盐和重金属的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN101506104B (zh)

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CN109425549A (zh) * 2017-08-21 2019-03-05 北新集团建材股份有限公司 一种分析石膏品位的方法
CN109485176A (zh) * 2018-11-30 2019-03-19 北京圣盟科技有限公司 一种石墨烯生产废水的高效处理方法
CN111747501A (zh) * 2019-03-29 2020-10-09 中国瑞林工程技术股份有限公司 利用气体连续净化污水的方法和系统

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CN105293659A (zh) * 2015-10-21 2016-02-03 华南理工大学 一种应急处理水体中重金属污染物的沉积物的稳定化方法
CN109425549A (zh) * 2017-08-21 2019-03-05 北新集团建材股份有限公司 一种分析石膏品位的方法
CN109485176A (zh) * 2018-11-30 2019-03-19 北京圣盟科技有限公司 一种石墨烯生产废水的高效处理方法
CN111747501A (zh) * 2019-03-29 2020-10-09 中国瑞林工程技术股份有限公司 利用气体连续净化污水的方法和系统

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