CN101502735B - High-efficient trapping system for micro-nano powder dust in air - Google Patents

High-efficient trapping system for micro-nano powder dust in air Download PDF

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CN101502735B
CN101502735B CN2008100205275A CN200810020527A CN101502735B CN 101502735 B CN101502735 B CN 101502735B CN 2008100205275 A CN2008100205275 A CN 2008100205275A CN 200810020527 A CN200810020527 A CN 200810020527A CN 101502735 B CN101502735 B CN 101502735B
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liquid
dust
trapping
air
micro
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CN101502735A (en
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杨毅
顾志明
李凤生
宋洪昌
刘宏英
白华萍
姜炜
邓国栋
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient trapping device of micro-nanometer dust in the air. The invention comprises an air trapping opening, a filter core, a sprayer, a big and small flow micro pump, an atomizing nozzle, a liquid storage chamber, trapping liquid, a baffle and a vacuum pump, which construct an air flow route and a liquid circulation route, the device designs the air containing dust and the trapping liquid to experience four different absorption and trapping processes continuously, so as to realize efficient trapping of the micrometer and nanometer dust composed of various grains. By changing the variety of the trapping liquid or adjusting the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) value of the trapping liquid, and improving the wettability of the trapping liquid and the nano dust in the air, micro nanometer fiber, thin sheet dust and other solid dust particles of various forms, containing micro-nano particles, can be efficiently trapped. The invention designs a plurality of air-liquid continuous contact processes, the air containing dust and the trapping liquid are only mixed and absorbed in the device, thus efficiently trapping nano dust in various dust density environment air including occupation workplaces.

Description

The efficient catching apparatus of micro-nano dust in the air
One technical field
The invention belongs to the micron and the trapping technique of nanometer dust, particularly a kind of trapping solution that utilizes carries out the equipment that the wet high-effective rate captures to the sub-micron of dispersing in the air ambient and the dust of nanoscale.
Two background technologies
That micro-nano dust is meant is floating, disperse in air at least that the one dimension size is particle, fiber or the thin slice of micron, sub-micron or nanometer scale.Aerial the dispersing of these dust can cause many discomforts of human body, as asthma, anthraco-silicosis etc.At present domesticly human influence's research and the capture of relevant dust, the development of detecting instrument are used at dust or aerosol, the overwhelming majority only rests on micro-meter scale (as PM10, PM2.5), think the same respiratory tract that passes in and out of dust of sub-micron and nanoscale with composition of air, can not rest in the respiratory tract, more can not enter the hematological system of human body.Studies show that of foreign latest, (1.0~100nm) dust can be by in breathing, taking in (passing through digestive system) and modes such as skin contacts enter human body or animal body with nanometer for sub-micron (0.1~1.0 μ m), and participate in the digestive system and blood circulation system of human body or animal, thereby, human body or animal health are caused great influence in each organ deposition such as the lung of human body or animal, brain, liver, spleen, lymph.To health effects, nanometer technical committee for standardization (TCST) of International Standards Organization group (ISO/TC 229) has begun to investigate in the world and work out at present relevant standard about nanometer and sub-micron dust.
Understand the nanometer dust to health effects, must at first grasp the various parameters of dust in the air, as composition, form, concentration etc.Domestic sub-micron and the nanometer dust trapping technique that does not still have independent intellectual property right more lacks relevant equipment or instrument at present.Introduce according to ISO/TR 27628:2007 (E) file and the agency of existing at home instrument company, the external nanometer dust trapping technique of having released (instrument), its basic principle generally comprises steam condensation particle method and static transfer method.
Steam condensation particle method (Condensation Particle Counter, CPC) be adopt butanols steam to the fine particle that disperses in the air coat, condensation, make the tiny particle of granularity become big, thereby realize capture, utilize laser method particle tested size then micro-nano dust particle in the air.Representative instrument mainly contains: the aggregated particle counter of German GRIMM company etc.The subject matter that this method exists is that butanols steam is when coating condensation to the particle that disperses, total coating thickness that exists is difficult to control, the ratio that the particle of different-grain diameter coats has difference, and the granularity thickness that different-grain diameter increases because of coating can't be distinguished by system, and result error is bigger.Particularly for nano particle, because the particle diameter after it is coated is greater than the optical maser wavelength that is used to test (otherwise accuracy is poorer), but the particle diameter that coats the back particle be 5-10 times of its core nano particle, and its error is bigger.And this method supposes that mainly the dust that disperses is sphere or spherical particle, to the fiber-like of dispersing in the air with the flake nano dust can't capture and accurately measure.
Scanning static transfer method (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizers, SMPS) be under the effect of air pump, at first make the electric charge of certain kind on the particle band in the system of entering, it is moved on the electrode in high voltage electrostatic field, realizes capture micro-nano dust particle in the air.The representative instrument of this technical method has: SMPS+C, the nano-SMPS of U.S. Technical Sourcing Internation, the WPS of U.S. MSP company etc. of German GRIMM company, the measuring accuracy of different company and arresting efficiency all have difference.The major defect of this technology (instrument) is that it is very big influenced by ambient humidity and dust material kind, and the amount of static is all different with charge species on high humility and the different material particle band, and this has a strong impact on its arresting efficiency and measuring accuracy.Simultaneously, this technology is lower to the nanometer dust arresting efficiency of high concentration and environmental factor variation production scene greatly.In addition, this specification requirement is grasped in advance or is estimated coating of particles and density, could realize further assay determination, and this is very difficult for nanoscale particle.
Three summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the efficient catching apparatus of micro-nano dust in a kind of air, this system to the different grain size that disperses in the air ambient distribute, the micro-nano dust of different structure shape and different material kind realizes the capture up to 98%, and provides reliable data parameters for environmental sanitation, production line and enterprise's workshop condition examination etc.
The technical solution that realizes the object of the invention is: the efficient catching apparatus of micro-nano dust in a kind of air, comprise the air capture mouth, cross filter core, spray thrower, small-large flow micropump, atomizer, liquid storage cylinder, trapping solution, dividing plate and vavuum pump, constitute gas flow distance and liquid circulating passage journey, wherein the gas flow distance is: dusty gas passed through filter core by acquisition port and arrived in the spray thrower under the negative pressure that vavuum pump produces, arrive the spray thrower bottom through the multilayer deflector; Arrive the space on liquid storage cylinder top then under the trapping solution liquid level from liquid storage cylinder with bubble form; After the drop with the atomizer ejection mixes,, be discharged in the atmosphere through gas-liquid separator and vavuum pump with bubble form by the small fluid-tight that forms between dividing plate and trapping solution liquid level;
The liquid circulating passage journey is two parts: first, and under the driving of low discharge micropump, trapping solution arrives the low discharge micropump by liquid storage cylinder; Arrive atomizer then, and turn back in the liquid storage cylinder with the form of fine droplet; Second portion, under the driving of big flow micropump, trapping solution arrives big flow micropump by liquid storage cylinder; Arrive in the cavity of spray thrower through mouth spray then, return liquid storage cylinder behind the multilayer of the flowing through deflector.
The present invention compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage: (1) passes through the design dusty gas and trapping solution experiences following four different absorptions, capture process continuously, can realize the micron and the nanometer dust of various granularmetric compositions (1nm~100 μ m) are carried out the high efficiency capture.(2) by kind that changes trapping solution or the hydrophilic and oleophilic value (HLB value) of regulating trapping solution, improve the wetability of nanometer dust in trapping solution and the air, can capture different surfaces characteristic (hydrophilic or oleophylic) and different types of nanometer dust.(3) can effectively capture various form solid dust particles such as the micro nanometer fiber that comprises micro-nano granules, thin slice dust.Each functional part of system design and composition (as spray thrower, atomizer, micropump and trapping solution etc.) do not have restricted to the structural form of particle in the dust, as long as the solid dust particle that can better suspend, be scattered in the trapping solution all can utilize native system to capture.(4) system is only relevant with the character and the contacting efficiency thereof of trapping solution and powder dust particle to the capture of dust, is subjected to air parameter (as temperature, the humidity etc.) influence outside the system little.Native system has designed a plurality of gas-liquid Continuous Contact processes, and dusty gas only mixes, absorbs in internal system with trapping solution, can the nanometer dust in the various dust concentration surrounding airs that comprise professional place efficiently be captured.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail.
Four description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the composition diagram of the high-efficient trapping system of micro-nano dust in the air of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a trapping system series connection schematic diagram of the present invention.
Five specific embodiment
In conjunction with Fig. 1, the high-efficient trapping system of micro-nano dust in the air of the present invention, comprise air capture mouth 1, cross filter core 3, spray thrower 4, small-large flow micropump 9,11, atomizer 14, liquid storage cylinder 15, trapping solution 16, dividing plate 17 and vavuum pump 20, constitute gas flow distance and liquid circulating passage journey, wherein the gas flow distance is: dusty gas passed through filter core 3 by acquisition port 1 and arrived in the spray thrower 4 under the negative pressure that vavuum pump 20 produces, arrive spray thrower 4 bottoms through multilayer deflector 6; Arrive the space on liquid storage cylinder 15 tops then under trapping solution from liquid storage cylinder 15 16 liquid levels with bubble form; After the drop with atomizer 14 ejections mixes,, be discharged in the atmosphere through gas-liquid separator 18 and vavuum pump 20 with bubble form by the small fluid-tight that forms between dividing plate 17 and trapping solution 16 liquid levels;
The liquid circulating passage journey is two parts: first, and under the driving of low discharge micropump 11, trapping solution 16 arrives low discharge micropump 11 by liquid storage cylinder 15; Arrive atomizer 14 then, and turn back in the liquid storage cylinder 15 with the form of fine droplet; Second portion, under the driving of big flow micropump 9, trapping solution 16 arrives big flow micropump 9 by liquid storage cylinder 15; Arrive in the cavity of spray thrower 4 through mouth spray 5 then, return liquid storage cylinder 15 behind the multilayer of the flowing through deflector 6.
Therefore, the contact form of dusty gas and trapping solution is along with process is different, the reciprocal process (4 stages) of " dispersion of trapping solution in gas " and " gas walking in trapping solution " is alternately taking place: at first, in the space of the inlet spray thrower 4 of dusty gas, trapping solution 16 contacts with gas with bigger drop form; Then, passing through deflector 6 and entering in the process of liquid storage cylinder 15, gas is walked in trapping solution 16 with the form of bubble; Subsequently, atomized drop in liquid storage cylinder 15 atomization spaces with gas friction, collision; At last, gas is discharged through small " fluid-tight " section on dividing plate 17 and right side thereof with the form of bubble.
The high-efficient trapping system of micro-nano dust can be provided with liquid total valve 10 in the air of the present invention between liquid storage cylinder 15 and small-large flow micropump 9,11.The gas flowmeter 2 of instantaneous and bulk flow that is used to be metered into the surrounding air of acquisition port 1 is arranged on acquisition port 1 and crosses between the filter core 3.Big flow Liquid valve 8 and big flow fluid flowmeter 7 are set between big flow micropump 9 and mouth spray 5.Low flow rate liquid flowmeter 13 and low flow rate liquid valve 12 are set between atomizer 14 and low discharge micropump 11.Between gas-liquid separator 18 and vavuum pump 20, gas valve 19 is set.
Each flowmeter of the high-efficient trapping system of micro-nano dust is provided with explanation in the air of the present invention:
(1) gas flowmeter 2 is used to be metered into the instantaneous and bulk flow of the surrounding air of (process) trapping system.Be arranged at after the acquisition port 1 rather than be because the former can measure the flow that collects surrounding air more accurately before the vavuum pump 20, be set to that the latter then may compress because of gas, trapping solution 16 steams etc. influences the accuracy of measuring gas flow rate.
(2) big flow fluid flowmeter 7 is mainly used in the flow of observation mouth spray 5, and suitably mates with the flow of gas flowmeter 2.It is very accurate that this liquid flow branch does not need, and therefore places the diverse location of branch not have big influence.
(3) low flow rate liquid flowmeter 13 is mainly used in the trapping solution flow of observation atomizer 14, is adjusted to the maximum stable flow of atomizer 14 usually, by the observation of flow, understands the working stability situation of atomizer 14 and low discharge micropump 11.Therefore, it is provided with the position does not need special requirement.
In the air of the present invention each valve of the high-efficient trapping system of micro-nano dust explanation is set:
(1) big flow Liquid valve 8 is mainly used in the flow of regulating mouth spray 5 and to the protection of big flow fluid flowmeter 7, therefore is arranged on after the big flow micropump 9 and before the big flow fluid flowmeter 7.
(2) low flow rate liquid valve 12 is mainly used in the flow of regulating atomizer and to the protection of low flow rate liquid flowmeter 13, therefore is arranged on after the low discharge micropump 11 and before the low flow rate liquid flowmeter 13.
(3) total Liquid valve 10 is mainly used in trapping solution 16 and avoids more leakages when each pipeline junction takes place to leak, and provides convenience during simultaneously for each fluid pipeline, parts connection.
(4) gas valve 19 is mainly used in the negative pressure intensity (avoiding excessive negative pressure to surpass the regulating power of gas flowmeter 2) of control vavuum pump 20, and gather avoid remaining in the vavuum pump 20 after finishing negative pressure to system in the influence of gas collecting amount.
In the air of the present invention in the liquid storage cylinder 15 of the high-efficient trapping system of micro-nano dust trapping solution 16 volumes be 2.0L~9.0L, low flow rate liquid flowmeter 13 flows of control atomizer 14 are 80~100ml/min, big flow fluid flowmeter 7 flows of control spray thrower 4 are 1.0~1.5L/min, gas flowmeter 2 flows are 60~100L/min, and the pressure drop of vavuum pump 20 is 0.01~0.02MPa.It is the nozzle of 20~150 μ m that atomizer 14 can adopt drop to spray granularity, and the multilayer deflector [6] in the spray thrower 4 is generally 3~5 layers.Trapping solution 16 can or contain the deionized water of 0.1%~1.0%wt surfactant for the organic solvent of deionized water, low volatility.Chemical reaction does not take place with the dust that is captured in the surfactant of trapping solution 16 and dissolving thereof.
The filter core 3 excessively of the high-efficient trapping system of micro-nano dust mainly is to be used for intercepting entering of the bigger impurity particle of air in the air of the present invention, avoids the interference of impurity to subsequent analysis, also can avoid bulky grain to block the pore of atomizer 14 simultaneously.Discover, in the air ambient of nano material production scene, except the nanometer dust consistent with product, other impurity that the particle that also dispersing is bigger, the granularity maximum can reach dozens or even hundreds of micron.The setting of the deflector 6 in the spray thrower 4 is to design according to the principle of steeping last deduster, and its effect is to impel trapping solution 16 to sprawl onboard, thereby it is more abundant that it is contacted with dusty gas, avoids gas directly to pass.The design of atomizer 14 is to conceive according to the formation basic principle of fog, and its effect is to make trapping solution 16 form small droplet, increases the contact area of trapping solution 16 and gas.Small drop high speed impact dusty gas, the turbulent flow of formation fair speed in narrow space has greatly increased the collision probability that captures nano particle in drop and the air.Walking on the contrary in liquid with gas in spray thrower 4, is the high velocity impact of drop in gas in the space at atomizer 14 places.Dividing plate 17 in the liquid storage cylinder 15 is that atomized drop is flowed downwards with big drop form at its surface collision on the one hand, is on the other hand to intercept atomized drop directly to be discharged by vavuum pump.Simultaneously, dividing plate 17 can also make gas contact with trapping solution 16 again when dividing plate passes with the slight void of liquid level.The liquid level that experiment showed, dividing plate 17 right sides forms the phenomenon of " fluid-tight " always a little more than the liquid level in its left side, has realized the effect that the gas-liquid contact is gentle, mist is isolated well.The effect of gas-liquid separator 18 is to realize separating of gas and trapping solution, avoids gas that airborne trapping solution is taken out of outside the system.Isolated capture drop directly is dropped in the liquid storage cylinder 15, and gas separated is then by vavuum pump 20 discharge systems.
Embodiment 1
Under normal temperature and normal pressure, each parts of system are assembled according to the structure of Fig. 1 and connect.In liquid storage cylinder 15, accurately inject the 8.0L deionized water as trapping solution, then the air-tightness of test macro.After gas flowmeter 2 closed, the big flow fluid flowmeter 7 of complete opening, big flow Liquid valve 8, liquid total valve 10, low flow rate liquid valve 12, low flow rate liquid flowmeter 13 and gas valve 19, after opening vavuum pump 20 and moving 10min, to be produced as air-tightness qualified for no bubble in the liquid storage cylinder 15.
Assembling is finished and the qualified system of air tightness test is positioned in the hydrophilic nano titania powder workshop, fix and capture mouthful 1, and make it face main product dirt pits direction or meet to dust-contained airflow (if existing tangible air to flow).At first open liquid total valve 10, big flow Liquid valve 8 and low flow rate liquid valve 12, open big flow micropump 9 and low discharge micropump 11 again, regulate big flow fluid flowmeter 7 and low flow rate liquid flowmeter 13, make flow be respectively 1.0~1.5L/min and 80~100ml/min; Open gas valve 19, vavuum pump 20 and gas flowmeter 2 then successively, the adjusting flow is 60~100L/min (keeps stable), and capture time of nano titanium oxide dust in the opening entry air.The pressure drop (negative pressure) of observing vavuum pump 20 is 0.01~0.02MPa.
After capturing certain hour (as 1.0h), close earlier gas flowmeter 2, gas valve 19 and vavuum pump 20 successively, continue again to keep closing behind big flow micropump 9 and the low discharge micropump 11 normal operation 5min.In liquid storage cylinder 15, get the dust-laden trapping solution 16 of certain volume (as 1.0L), can measure the relevant parameter (as granularity, pattern, concentration etc.) of nano titanium oxide in this trapping solution.Utilize these parameters, gas flow and capture time can calculate the concentration and the composition situation that capture nano titanium oxide dust in the air of position in the workshop during in conjunction with capture.The density calculating method that captures nano titanium oxide dust in the air of position in the workshop is as follows:
c 0 = c · V L η · V G × 100
In the formula, c 0---trap sites place nano titanium oxide dust concentration, g/L;
C---nano titanium oxide dust concentration in the trapping solution, g/L;
η---system's arresting efficiency, %;
V L---add trapping solution volume, L in the system;
V G---captured gas volume (the capture time multiply by and captures flow), L.
Embodiment 2
Press the method for embodiment 1, trapping solution 16 is replaced by the cyclohexanone of low volatility, nanometer dust in the lipophilic nano titanium dioxide powder workshop air is captured.Dust concentration calculating method is identical with embodiment 1 in the air.
Embodiment 3
Press the method for embodiment 1, nanometer dust in hydrophilic nano silicon-dioxide powdery (the white carbon black of gas phase) the workshop air is captured.The computational methods of dust concentration are identical with embodiment 1 in the air.
Embodiment 4
Press the method for embodiment 1, trapping solution 16 is replaced by deionized water, and dissolving 0.1%wt stearic acid to be regulating the hydrophilic and oleophilic value (HLB value) of trapping solution 16, is that the nanometer dust captures in the lipophilic nano titanium dioxide powder modification workshop air of surface modifier to adopting aluminum stearate etc.The computational methods of dust concentration are identical with embodiment 1 in the air.
Embodiment 5
Press the method for embodiment 1, two duplicate trapping systems are connected (as shown in Figure 2), be about to the air inlet of the gas outlet of the A of system as the B of system.Utilize trapping system B that the tail gas of the A of system is captured once more, by measuring the concentration of nanometer dust in two systems, thereby calculate the arresting efficiency of system.
The arresting efficiency computational methods of trapping system are as follows:
The nano particle gross mass m that system A traps 1For:
m 1=V·c 0·η
The nano particle gross mass m that system B traps 2For:
m 2=V·c 1·η
Wherein, η---the arresting efficiency of two identical trapping systems;
c 0---the concentration of nano particle in the air ambient of production scene, g/L;
c 1---system A exit concentration, concentrations of nanoparticles during promptly the B of system enters the mouth, g/L;
Gas volume in the environment that extracts in V---the certain hour, L.
For trapping system A (or any trapping system), there is following relation in the concentration of nanometer dust in the gas of its traps air import and export:
c 1=(1-η)c 0
Therefore, there is following relation:
m 2 m 1 = V · c 1 · η V · c 0 · η = 1 - η Or η = 1 - m 2 m 1
Wherein, m 1And m 2Can extract two trapping solutions in the system respectively and obtain, and finally calculate the arresting efficiency η of system by following formula by chemistry titration or Instrumental Analysis.
The system that utilizes said method that invention is developed measures, and the average arresting efficiency that the result obtains the nano titanium oxide dust is 95.96%, is up to 98.25%; Average arresting efficiency to nano-silica powder dirt is 95.06%, is up to 97.89%.

Claims (10)

1. the efficient catching apparatus of micro-nano dust in the air, it is characterized in that comprising air capture mouth [1], cross filter core [3], spray thrower [4], small-large flow micropump, atomizer [14], liquid storage cylinder [15], trapping solution [16], dividing plate [17] and vavuum pump [20], constitute gas flow distance and liquid circulating passage journey, wherein the gas flow distance is: dusty gas passed through filter core [3] by acquisition port [1] and arrived in the spray thrower [4] under the negative pressure that vavuum pump [20] produces, arrive spray thrower [4] bottom through multilayer deflector [6]; Arrive the space on liquid storage cylinder [15] top then under trapping solution [16] liquid level from liquid storage cylinder [15] with bubble form; After the drop with atomizer [14] ejection mixes,, be discharged in the atmosphere through gas-liquid separator [18] and vavuum pump [20] with bubble form by the small fluid-tight that forms between dividing plate [17] and trapping solution [16] liquid level;
The liquid circulating passage journey is two parts: first, and under the driving of low discharge micropump [11], trapping solution [16] arrives low discharge micropump [11] by liquid storage cylinder [15]; Arrive atomizer [14] then, and turn back in the liquid storage cylinder [15] with the form of fine droplet; Second portion, under the driving of big flow micropump [9], trapping solution [16] arrives big flow micropump [9] by liquid storage cylinder [15]; Pass through then in the cavity of mouth spray [5] arrival spray thrower [4], return liquid storage cylinder [15] behind the multilayer of the flowing through deflector [6].
2. the efficient catching apparatus of micro-nano dust in the air according to claim 1 is characterized in that: liquid total valve [10] is set between liquid storage cylinder [15] and small-large flow micropump.
3. the efficient catching apparatus of micro-nano dust in the air according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the gas flowmeter [2] of instantaneous and bulk flow that is used to be metered into the surrounding air of acquisition port [1] is arranged on acquisition port [1] and crosses between the filter core [3].
4. the efficient catching apparatus of micro-nano dust in the air according to claim 1 is characterized in that: big flow Liquid valve [8] and big flow fluid flowmeter [7] are set between big flow micropump [9] and mouth spray [5].
5. the efficient catching apparatus of micro-nano dust in the air according to claim 1 is characterized in that: low flow rate liquid flowmeter [13] and low flow rate liquid valve [12] are set between atomizer [14] and low discharge micropump [11].
6. the efficient catching apparatus of micro-nano dust in the air according to claim 1 is characterized in that: between gas-liquid separator [18] and vavuum pump [20] gas valve [19] is set.
7. the efficient catching apparatus of micro-nano dust in the air according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: trapping solution [16] volume is 2.0L~9.0L in the liquid storage cylinder [15], low flow rate liquid flowmeter [13] flow of control atomizer [14] is 80~100ml/min, big flow fluid flowmeter [7] flow of control spray thrower [4] is 1.0~1.5L/min, gas flowmeter [2] flow is 60~100L/min, and the pressure drop of vavuum pump [20] is 0.01~0.02MPa.
8. the efficient catching apparatus of micro-nano dust in the air according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the acquisition port [1] that goes up the another set of trapping system of series connection at the gas valve [19] of a cover trapping system.
9. the efficient catching apparatus of micro-nano dust in the air according to claim 1 is characterized in that: it is the nozzle of 20~150 μ m that atomizer [14] adopts drop to spray granularity, and the multilayer deflector [6] in the spray thrower [4] is 3~5 layers.
10. the efficient catching apparatus of micro-nano dust in the air according to claim 1 is characterized in that: trapping solution [16] is the organic solvent of deionized water, low volatility or the deionized water that contains 0.1%~1.0%wt surfactant.
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