CN116840012A - Respiratory dust separation method based on electromigration characteristics - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a respiratory dust separation method based on electromigration characteristics, and belongs to the technical field of respiratory dust. The method comprises the following steps: s1: starting a high-voltage power supply, adjusting the voltage to supply power to the dust charge separation device, and forming a stable electric field between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate; s2: adding dust to be separated, opening a quantitative dust generator, and spraying the dust into an environmental test cabin; s3: the flow of a sampling pump is regulated, the sampling pump is started, and dust in the cabin is pumped into the dust charge separation device, so that a dust separation zone test is realized; s4: and collecting the dust subjected to charged separation on the lower polar plate according to the lung deposition rate of the BMRC curve and the deposition rate of the dust with different particle diameters, so as to realize the charged separation of the respiratory dust. The invention can realize the effective on-line separation of the respiratory dust.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of respiratory dust, and relates to a respiratory dust separation method based on electromigration characteristics.
Background
Long-term inhalation of respirable dust by workers at dust handling sites can cause pneumoconiosis. In order to reduce the incidence of pneumoconiosis, it is very important to develop accurate monitoring of respiratory dust. Separation is a precondition for respiratory dust monitoring, which needs to be studied.
At present, the main methods for separating the respiratory dust include three types of flat plate impact type, tao Xi type and cyclone separation type. However, these methods have a certain problem: the flat impact type separator needs to be replaced with silica gel oil or adhesive at regular time; the horizontal elutriation type gravity sedimentation separation is greatly influenced by the placement position and the orientation, and the error is obvious when secondary dust is used for a long time or in a large-concentration environment; although cyclone separators can be used for a long time, they require continuous maintenance and cleaning, and the structural size of the separator itself depends closely, and the influence of various factors on separation efficiency is not clear.
Therefore, a new respiratory dust separation method is needed to solve the problems that the existing respiratory dust separation method needs to be replaced and cleaned at regular time and secondary dust emission is generated.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for separating respiratory dust based on electromigration characteristics, which realizes effective on-line separation of respiratory dust.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the respiratory dust separation method based on the electromigration characteristics specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: starting a high-voltage power supply, adjusting the voltage to supply power to the dust charge separation device, and forming a stable electric field between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate;
s2: adding dust (such as cement powder) to be separated, opening a quantitative dust generator, and spraying the dust into an environmental test cabin;
s3: the flow of a sampling pump is regulated, the sampling pump is started, and dust in the cabin is pumped into the dust charge separation device, so that a dust separation zone test is realized;
s4: and collecting the dust subjected to charged separation on the lower polar plate according to the lung deposition rate of the BMRC curve and the deposition rate of the dust with different particle diameters, so as to realize the charged separation of the respiratory dust.
In step S1, the dust charge separation device includes an upper polar plate, a lower polar plate and a middle frame, and insulating rubber pipes are respectively opened at the left end and the right end of the frame for sucking dust and discharging dust with large particle size; the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are made of metal (such as tungsten alloy) materials which are favorable for forming a uniform electric field; the intermediate frame is made of insulating material (such as ceramic).
In step S3, the device for implementing the test of the separation zone of the dust includes a quantitative dust generator, a high-voltage power supply, a dust charge separation device, a filter, a sampling pump and an environmental experiment cabin; the dust charge separation device, the filter and the sampling pump are arranged in the environment experiment cabin;
the quantitative dust generator is connected with the dust charge separation device, and the dust to be separated is sprayed into the environmental test cabin;
the filter is connected with an outlet of the dust charge separation device; the sampling pump is connected with the filter and is used for controlling the dust speed passing through the filter.
Further, in step S3, a separation zone test of dust is implemented, specifically including: in the environment test cabin, different voltages are added between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate, the mass concentration of generated dust is c, and the velocity v of jet flow is the inlet x Dust enters a separation test device; after a period of time, stopping generating dust and charging voltage between the polar plates, carefully taking out the lower polar plate, taking dust samples according to the distance from the inlet to carry out particle size distribution test, and forming a dust separation belt on the lower polar plate.
Further, the step S4 specifically includes: dust with different particle sizes is vertically distributed on the lower polar plate according to a 100% mode; on the premise of meeting the lung deposition efficiency of the respiratory dust, the respiratory dust is collected on the lower polar plate according to the proportion of the lung deposition rate by combining the distribution position of the respiratory dust on the lower polar plate.
Further, the step S4 specifically includes the following steps:
s41: determining the position of the dust with the median particle diameter closest to 7.1 mu m in a separation belt according to a particle diameter distribution data table of different distances of a lower polar plate after the test dust is subjected to electromigration separation at different polar plates;
s42: overlapping the BMRC curve with a distribution position diagram of the respiratory dust on the lower polar plate, specifically arranging according to 100% deposition rate distribution in the BMRC curve, namely overlapping 100% deposition rate in the BMRC curve with the leftmost side in the distribution position diagram, and overlapping 0% deposition rate in the BMRC curve with the position closest to the median particle diameter of 7.1 mu m in the distribution position diagram;
s43: partitioning is carried out on the polar plate according to the BMRC curve, and respiratory dust below the BMRC curve is collected, so that the charged separation of the respiratory dust is realized.
Further, in step S43, the collection of the respiratory dust under the BMRC curve is performed automatically or manually.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: aiming at the productive dust in industrial sites, the method can realize the effective on-line separation of the respiratory dust, does not need to be replaced and cleaned regularly, and does not generate secondary dust. In addition, the invention designs a dust charge separation device based on the electromigration characteristic of dust, so as to realize active charge of dust in non-explosive places.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the specification.
Drawings
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in the following preferred detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a charge level plate diagram of dust separation;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a dust charge separation device, fig. 2 (a) is a front view, fig. 2 (b) is a left side view, and fig. 2 (c) is a top view;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dust charge separation test system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a dust separation zone formed on a lower plate;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a BMRC separation curve;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a respiratory dust collection curve on a charged plate;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a respiratory dust separation performance test system.
Reference numerals: 1-an air compressor; 2-a water separation filter; 3-an air filter; 4-a dehumidifier; 5-a medical air filter; 6-a pressure reducing valve; 7-a monodisperse aerosol generator; 8, a dust collection chamber; 9-a charge separation device; 10-a sampler; 11—a visible spectrophotometer; 12-microscope; 13-an upper mold cavity; 14-a septum cavity; 15-a lower die cavity; 16-an air inlet and outlet connector; 17-electrode binding screws; 18-socket head cap screws.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic idea of the present invention by way of illustration, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are shown in schematic, non-physical, and not intended to limit the invention; for the purpose of better illustrating embodiments of the invention, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the size of the actual product; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numbers in the drawings of embodiments of the invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that, if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., that indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on the azimuth or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but not for indicating or suggesting that the referred device or element must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, so that the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are merely for exemplary illustration and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that the specific meaning of the above terms may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the present invention provides a new respiratory dust separation method based on the electromigration characteristics of dust by actively charging the dust in a non-explosive place, which specifically comprises the following parts.
1. Analysis of electromigration Property of dust
The electric mobility refers to the average movement speed of the charged dust in a unit electric field, and measures the movement speed of the charged dust under the action of the electric field. The electric mobility formula is shown as formula (1).
Wherein Z is p Is the electrical mobility of the charged dust; n is the charge amount of dust particles; e is the basic charge amount, 1.6X10-19C; c (C) * Is a Canning correction coefficient; μ is the viscosity coefficient of air; d, d p Is the particle size of the dust particles.
The mobility of the dust is determined by the charge amount n and the particle diameter as in the formula (1), but after the charge amount n is determined, the mobility of the charged dust and the particle diameter d of the dust p Inversely proportional. According to the principle, a plate field with active dust charge is considered to be constructed, so that the dust charge quantity is consistent, and the displacement of the dust between the plates is different due to the difference of particle sizes, so that the electromigration separation of the dust is realized.
2. Design dust charge separation principle and device
2.1 principle of dust charge separation
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a plate electric field for dust separation, in which a stable electric field is applied between upper and lower plates. The dust particles are at a velocity v x Horizontally flying into a flat plate electric field with a charge voltage U, wherein the distance between the two flat plates is H. Due to the electric field formed between the plates, the dust particles are rapidly charged with a velocity v in the vertically downward y-direction y (neglecting the gravitational effects of dust particles). The formula (2) is dust particles v y And Z is p Relationship between them.
v y ＝Z p E (2)
Wherein E is the electric field strength between the two plates.
Due toThen formula (2) may be changed to formula (3).
When the charging amount n of the dust is determined by determining U, H, μ or the like in combination with (1), the particle diameter d of the dust is determined p And electric mobility Z p Inversely proportional to the flying speed v in the vertical direction y Inversely proportional. Namely: particle diameter d of dust particles p The smaller the electric mobility Z p The greater the flying speed v in the vertical direction y The larger it is, the easier it is to strike the lower plate in a short time.
Since the speeds of the dust particles in the horizontal direction are v x According to the difference of the movement speeds of dust particles with different particle sizes in the y direction, small-particle-size dust is impacted on a lower flat plate which is closer to an inlet, and large-particle-size dust is impacted on a lower flat plate which is farther from the inlet. Thus, dust distributing belt with small to large particle size is formed at the position from near to far from the inlet of the lower flat plate. If the distribution rule of the dust particle size is mastered, a novel active charged dust separation method can be provided.
2.2 design dust charge separation device
According to the flat plate working principle of dust charge separation, a dust charge separation device is designed, as shown in fig. 2, the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are made of tungsten alloy materials, so that a uniform electric field is formed, a middle frame is made of ceramic materials, and insulating rubber pipes are respectively perforated at the left end and the right end of the frame for sucking dust and discharging dust with large particle size.
3. Dust charge separation test and analysis
3.1 preparation for experiment
1) Dust selection and sample preparation
The invention selects cement powder produced by building material production with non-explosion-proof requirement as a research object in industries of coal exploitation, building material production, food production, nonferrous metal processing and the like with more dust emission.
The median particle size was screened to 30 μm by using a magnetic levitation vibrating screen.
2) Test system
A schematic diagram of a test system for dust charge separation is shown in fig. 3, and the test system consists of a quantitative dust generator, a high-voltage power supply, a dust charge separation device, a filter, a sampling pump and an environment experiment cabin.
In order to ensure the consistency of the test environment, the temperature in the cabin is adjusted to be 25+/-1 ℃ and the humidity is more than or equal to 75 percent.
3) Test procedure
As shown in fig. 3, the test procedure for dust charge separation is as follows:
a. starting a high-voltage power supply, adjusting the voltage to supply power to the dust charge separation device, and forming a stable electric field between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate;
b. adding cement powder, opening a quantitative dust generator, and spraying the dust into an environmental test cabin;
c. the flow of a sampling pump is regulated, the sampling pump is started, and dust in the cabin is pumped into the dust charge separation device, so that a dust separation zone test is realized;
d. and collecting the dust subjected to charged separation on the lower polar plate according to the lung deposition rate of the BMRC curve and the deposition rate of the dust with different particle diameters, so as to realize the charged separation of the respiratory dust.
3.2 dust Charge separation test
3.2.1 charged dust particle size separation zone test
According to equation (3), in the case where the bipolar plate distance H and the dust particle diameter are determined, the moving speed of the charged dust in the vertical direction is only related to the charging voltage. Thus, the charged dust particle size distribution belt at different charge voltages was studied.
The existing cement dust with the median grain diameter of 30 mu m is used, different voltages are added between an upper polar plate and a lower polar plate in an environmental test cabin, and the dust generation mass concentration c=52mg/m 3 At an inlet jet velocity v x Dust emission=2m/s into a separation test apparatus. After a period of time, the dust generation and the charge voltage between the electrode plates were stopped, the lower electrode plate was carefully taken out, and a dust sample was taken out according to the distance from the inlet to carry out a particle size distribution test, the results are shown in table 1, and a schematic diagram of a dust separation zone formed on the lower electrode plate is shown in fig. 4.
TABLE 1 particle size distribution data table for different distances of lower polar plate after cement powder is subjected to electromigration separation at different polar plates
As shown in fig. 4, the electromigration characteristics are different due to the different dust particle sizes, so that dust particle size distribution strips with small particle sizes from left to right (the colors from left to right are from shallow to deep) are formed on the lower polar plate.
From table 1 and fig. 4, the test found that: because of the difference of the electric mobility of dust particles with different particle diameters in a charging electric field, the median particle size of the dust adhered to the lower polar plate is in direct proportion to the distance from the dust jet inlet under the same charging voltage; in the same polar plate position, the median particle size of dust adhered to the lower polar plate is in direct proportion to the polar plate voltage.
Therefore, in a high-voltage charging electric field, the particle size distribution belt of dust on the polar plate can be realized due to the electromigration characteristic of dust particles.
If the distribution belt is combined with the BMRC curve (breathing dust separation standard curve used in China) regulation, the breathing dust separation based on the electromigration characteristic can be realized.
3.2.2 respiratory dust Charge separation
FIG. 5 is a BMRC separation curve consistent with the method for measuring sampling efficacy of a respiratory dust Meter, MT 394-1995. As shown in fig. 5, the respiratory dust separation was required to meet the BMRC curve, and the BMRC committee gave the respiratory dust deposition efficiency in the lungs, as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 respiratory dust pulmonary deposition efficiency
From Table 2 above, the separation of the respiratory dust must satisfy the BMRC curve and the points examined are 2.2 μm, 3.9 μm, 5.0 μm, 5.9 μm, 7.1 μm, respectively.
According to fig. 5, dust with different particle sizes is vertically distributed on the lower polar plate in a 100% mode. In order to meet the lung deposition rate requirements of the table 2, the respiratory dust is collected from the polar plate according to the deposition rate ratio by combining the distribution positions of the respiratory dust on the polar plate in the table 1, so that the charged separation of the respiratory dust is realized.
According to Table 1, at 2kV, the dust was respirable from the inlet position to a position 40mm away from the inlet, and was arranged in a 100% deposition rate distribution. In order to meet the BMRC curve requirement, dust is collected in a range of 0-40 mm according to the deposition rate of various particle sizes, and a schematic diagram of the collection of respiratory dust is shown in FIG. 6.
As shown in fig. 6, the plates are partitioned according to the BMRC curve, and the respiratory dust below the curve is collected, which will meet the deposition rate requirement of the BMRC curve.
The collecting action of the respiratory dust in fig. 6 is fully automated, the respiratory dust charge separation method does not need to be replaced and cleaned at regular time, secondary dust emission can not be generated, and the problem of locality of the traditional separation method can be solved.
4. Testing respiratory dust charge separation efficacy
Based on the thought, the respiratory dust charge separation method is provided, and the separation efficiency is required to be tested. The test of the respiratory dust separation efficiency test system is shown in fig. 7, and the test is based on the method for measuring the sampling efficiency of the respiratory dust measuring instrument
The laboratory requirements were established in the (MT 394-1995) standard, and the main equipment was an air compressor, a dehumidifier, a medical air filter, a monodisperse aerosol generator, a dust collection chamber, a microscope, a visible light spectrophotometer, etc.
The respiratory dust charge separation efficiency test comprises the following steps:
a. taking methylene blue as a solute, taking the volatility of the solvent into consideration, and taking 50% of redistilled water and 50% of ethanol for analysis in volume ratio as the solvents;
b. according to Table 2, particles of different sizes 2.2 μm, 3.9 μm, 5.0 μm, 5.9 μm, 7.1 μm were emitted using an aerosol generator;
c. sending particles with a certain single particle size into the separation efficiency test system, and collecting respiratory dust with the particle size according to the deposition rate requirement of a BMRC curve;
d. comparing the collected respiratory dust with the emission quantity to obtain the separation efficiency of the acne charge separation with the particle size;
e. and finally, repeating the test of the respiratory dust charge separation efficiency by using particles with other particle diameters.
The separation performance test data of the final respiratory dust charge separation are shown in table 3.
Table 3 separation efficacy test data sheet for dust charge separation
The maximum deviation between the test result and the BMRC curve is 4.24%, the minimum deviation is 1.27%, and the maximum deviation is less than 5%, so that the requirements of MT394-1995 are met, and the dust charge separation method can realize the effective on-line separation of respiratory dust.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for separating respiratory dust based on electromigration characteristics, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: starting a high-voltage power supply, adjusting the voltage to supply power to the dust charge separation device, and forming a stable electric field between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate;
s2: adding dust to be separated, opening a quantitative dust generator, and spraying the dust into an environmental test cabin;
s3: the flow of a sampling pump is regulated, the sampling pump is started, and dust in the cabin is pumped into the dust charge separation device, so that a dust separation zone test is realized;
s4: and collecting the dust subjected to charged separation on the lower polar plate according to the lung deposition rate of the BMRC curve and the deposition rate of the dust with different particle diameters, so as to realize the charged separation of the respiratory dust.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the dust charge separation device comprises an upper electrode plate, a lower electrode plate and a middle frame, and insulating rubber tubes are respectively opened and connected to the left end and the right end of the frame for sucking dust and discharging large-particle-size dust; the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are made of metal materials which are favorable for forming a uniform electric field; the middle frame is made of insulating materials.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the device for realizing the test of the separation zone of the dust comprises a quantitative dust generator, a high-voltage power supply, a dust charge separation device, a filter, a sampling pump and an environmental experiment compartment; the dust charge separation device, the filter and the sampling pump are arranged in the environment experiment cabin;
the quantitative dust generator is connected with the dust charge separation device, and the dust to be separated is sprayed into the environmental test cabin;
the filter is connected with an outlet of the dust charge separation device; the sampling pump is connected with the filter and is used for controlling the dust speed passing through the filter.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step S3, a separation zone test of dust is implemented, specifically comprising: in the environment test cabin, different voltages are added between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate, the mass concentration of generated dust is c, and the velocity v of jet flow is the inlet x Dust generation inlet distributorA separation test device; after a period of time, stopping generating dust and charging voltage between the polar plates, carefully taking out the lower polar plate, taking dust samples according to the distance from the inlet to carry out particle size distribution test, and forming a dust separation belt on the lower polar plate.
5. The method of separating respiratory dust according to claim 4, wherein step S4 specifically comprises: dust with different particle sizes is vertically distributed on the lower polar plate according to a 100% mode; on the premise of meeting the lung deposition efficiency of the respiratory dust, the respiratory dust is collected on the lower polar plate according to the proportion of the lung deposition rate by combining the distribution position of the respiratory dust on the lower polar plate.
6. The method of separating respiratory dust according to claim 5, wherein step S4 comprises the steps of:
s41: determining the position of the dust with the median particle diameter closest to 7.1 mu m in a separation belt according to a particle diameter distribution data table of different distances of a lower polar plate after the test dust is subjected to electromigration separation at different polar plates;
s42: overlapping the BMRC curve with a distribution position diagram of the respiratory dust on the lower polar plate, specifically arranging according to 100% deposition rate distribution in the BMRC curve, namely overlapping 100% deposition rate in the BMRC curve with the leftmost side in the distribution position diagram, and overlapping 0% deposition rate in the BMRC curve with the position closest to the median particle diameter of 7.1 mu m in the distribution position diagram;
s43: partitioning is carried out on the polar plate according to the BMRC curve, and respiratory dust below the BMRC curve is collected, so that the charged separation of the respiratory dust is realized.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step S43, the collection of the respiratory dust under the BMRC curve is performed automatically or manually.
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| CN202310817586.XA CN116840012A (en) | 2023-07-05 | 2023-07-05 | Respiratory dust separation method based on electromigration characteristics |
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| CN117030553A (en) * | 2023-10-09 | 2023-11-10 | 乌镇实验室 | Particle size measurement and screening collection method for powder particles |
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| CN101502735A (en) * | 2008-02-04 | 2009-08-12 | 南京理工大学 | High-efficient trapping system for micro-nano powder dust in air |
| CN111265959A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-06-12 | 西安理工大学 | Can be in coordination with electric film dust remover of denitration |
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| CN101502735A (en) * | 2008-02-04 | 2009-08-12 | 南京理工大学 | High-efficient trapping system for micro-nano powder dust in air |
| CN111265959A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-06-12 | 西安理工大学 | Can be in coordination with electric film dust remover of denitration |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117030553A (en) * | 2023-10-09 | 2023-11-10 | 乌镇实验室 | Particle size measurement and screening collection method for powder particles |
| CN117030553B (en) * | 2023-10-09 | 2024-03-08 | 乌镇实验室 | Particle size measurement and screening collection method for powder particles |
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