CN101493262B - Coal-firing agricultural soil hot water sterilization machine - Google Patents
Coal-firing agricultural soil hot water sterilization machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN101493262B CN101493262B CN2009100784037A CN200910078403A CN101493262B CN 101493262 B CN101493262 B CN 101493262B CN 2009100784037 A CN2009100784037 A CN 2009100784037A CN 200910078403 A CN200910078403 A CN 200910078403A CN 101493262 B CN101493262 B CN 101493262B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a hot water sterilizing machine applied to agriculture by burning coal, belonging to the field of agriculture equipment. A furnace of the sterilizing machine of the invention is divided into a coal furnace and a fire furnace by a fire grate, the top of the coal furnace is connected with an air inlet pipe, a boiler barrel comprises water space in the lower part and negative pressure vacuum space in the upper part, the negative pressure vacuum space is internally provided with a recuperator tube connected with the outside, the water space is internally provided with heat pipe bundles to form a gas duct. The hot water sterilizing machine applied to agriculture by burning coal can combine a vacuum boiler, gasification wraparound burning and a membrane wall heat transmission structure and continuously provide hot water with the temperature of 90-95 DEG C, has high thermal utilization factor and generates little pollution to the environment, in addition, optimal combination is carried out on the structure of the invention, so that the sterilizing machine has small volume, high thermal efficiency and good mobility. With a membrane-beneath irrigation system adopted, the high temperature hot water obtained in the invention is irrigated in soil or ground substances to heat the soil or ground substances to 50-60 DEG C which lasts for 1-2 hours, thus killing a large amount of mixed fungus in the soil and restoring land capability of the soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural and go up the plant equipment that facility soil soil fertility is recovered, particularly relate to the coal soil hot water sterilization machine of facility soil damage by disease and insect high-temperature sterilization.
Background technology
Along with the quick increase of China people to the vegetables demand, the development of facilities vegetable area is rapid since the reform and opening-up, and various facility areas have reached 3,200,000 hm2, and wherein all kinds of greenhouses area based on efficient-economical solar-greenhouse has surpassed 300,000 hm2.The facilities vegetable growth cycle is short, the crops for rotation conversion is many, the planting soil soil-borne disease is serious year after year, particularly the generation of root-knot nematode has greatly influenced yield of vegetables, being mainly the tomato of solanberry class and gourd vegetables etc. is injured serious, therefore soil-borne disease becomes the outstanding problem of facilities vegetable production development, and taking measures to effect a radical cure soil-borne disease has become the key that realizes the facilities vegetable sustainable development.The developed countries vegetables are many adopts the soilless culture of rock wool nutrient solution to carry out at large greenhouse, continuous cropping obstacle and soil-borne disease influence are little, and China's greenhouse by solar heat adopts soil cultivation more, the melon colza is planted frequently, old vegetable-growing area soil-borne disease is serious, so must realize high-efficiency prevention and control to soil-borne disease according to the relevant soil disinfection method of national conditions exploitations.
Soil disinfection method commonly used at present mainly contains following several, and its subject matter is as follows:
1. medicament such as chloropicrin, Celfume fumigation sterilization: method is that the chemical substance that toxicity is very high is poured in the soil, utilize canopy membrane closure high temperature fumigation that the soil damage by disease and insect is killed, open the canopy medicament toxicity that leaves at last, its subject matter is that disinfectant toxicity is very big, cost is also higher, processing needs the professional to carry out, and operating personnel and atmosphere are also produced bigger pollution, substantially need not at present.
2. cyanogen ammonium calcium also claims the calcium cyanamide sterilization: method is that cyanogen ammonium calcium is spread fertilizer over the fields in soil surface, repave organic matters such as executing stalk then, the epiphragma of pouring water after turning over seals canopy again, because cyanogen ammonium calcium production cost height, toxicity is also bigger, be unsuitable for producing the pollution-free vegetable product, add that sterilization is not thorough, therefore application also is restricted.
3. high-temperature steam sterilization: method is elevated temperature heat steam to be sprayed onto utilize vapours that the sick worm of soil is killed in the soil matrix, because the steam penetration is limited, so be mainly used in the matrix sterilization of soilless culture, can't be used for soil disinfection.
4. fuel oil disinfection with hot water: method is to utilize burning diesel oil to adopt water knockout drum to be poured into soil water heating back, directly the harmful microorganism in the soil is killed with long-time high temperature, advantage is pollution-free to soil, no chemical pesticide is residual, and shortcoming is that this technology device therefor is Korea S's import, and cost is very high, fuel used diesel-fuel price is higher, the application cost height is not suitable for China's actual conditions, can't large-scale promotion application.And existing coal-burning boiler can't reach long-time generation high-temperature-hot-water realization sterilization effects.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the defective in above-mentioned field, develop a kind of agricultural coal facility soil hot water sterilizing equipment decontaminating apparatus according to China's actual conditions, this equipment cost is low, easy and simple to handle, be convenient to move, use fire coal also to greatly reduce application cost, thereby can make full use of the superiority of disinfection with hot water than fuel oil, realize the low cost of the nuisanceless sterilization of facility soil, promote the Sustainable Production of facilities vegetable.Adopt this technology that the soil damage by disease and insect is had remarkable prevention effect, even can carry out disinfection to deep subsoil portion, multiple killing effect can be played to soil ralstonia solanacearum, soil nematodes and weed seed, also the effectively preventing effect can be played the generation of other damage by disease and insect.
The coal-firing agricultural soil hot water sterilizing machine, comprise burner hearth, be arranged at the outer drum of burner hearth, with the flue and the chimney that are connected in turn with burner hearth, it is characterized in that: the superposed coal thorax that described burner hearth is separated into by fire grate and the fire box of bottom, described coal thorax top is connected with blast pipe, described drum comprises the hydrospace of bottom and the negative-pressure vacuum space on top, has two rows to be heated to restrain in the hydrospace and encloses flue, is provided with the heat exchanger tube with external communications in the described negative-pressure vacuum space.
Described fire grate is a negative pressure waterpipe type fire grate, is communicated with the water of hydrospace.
Described negative-pressure vacuum space is connected with safety valve and vacuum table.
Described fire box is connected with venting.
Described sterilizing machine also disposes security alerting system, and described security alerting system comprises leaving water temperature acoustic-optic alarm and scarce coal warning device.
Described chimney is connected in the lower end of flue.
Described heat exchanger tube is the red copper heat exchanger tube.
Described heat exchanger tube is circumscribed with hot water dispenser and water filling drip irrigation system.
Described hot water dispenser is provided with hand switch.
Described water filling drip irrigation system is high temperature resistant flexible pipe irrigate band or hard tube drip irrigation pipe.
The agricultural coal soil hot water of the present invention sterilizing machine adopts the vacuum boiler membrane wall structure, and with the disposable injection sealing of heat medium water drum, making the drum Lower Half is the hydrospace, and the negative pressure of vacuum vapor space of heat exchanger tube is equipped with in first half system; The used coal-fired coal " gas " that adopts is changed the wraparound combustion technology, promptly being blown into air from top mainly burns the coal gas after the coal gasification in the fire box of bottom, adopt membrane wall structure (two rows are heated to restrain and form flue) that combustion flame is conducted heat to hydrospace heating heat medium water, the thermal efficiency reaches more than 92%, the negative pressure water vapour of heat medium water is heated to 90-95 ℃ with the cold water in the heat exchanger tube in the negative-pressure vacuum space, this high-temperature-hot-water is used for soil disinfection to hot water dispenser and water filling drip irrigation system after hot water outlet flows out, also can be used for the place that other needs hot water.The present invention is the integrated application of vacuum boiler, gasification wraparound burning and 3 kinds of high-efficiency energy-saving technologies of membrane wall heat transfer structure, and structure has been carried out optimum organization, and it is little to make sterilizing machine of the present invention have a volume, thermal efficiency height, characteristics such as mobility is strong.
The negative-pressure vacuum space is connected with safety valve and vacuum table, can directly show and effectively control the pressure condition in negative-pressure vacuum space, also is provided with double safety valve simultaneously, and above-mentioned setting can be guaranteed the safety of equipment.
The present invention also is provided with security alerting system.Described security alerting system leaving water temperature acoustic-optic alarm and scarce coal warning device.But system's design temperature, according to variations in temperature, frequency conversion fan regulating frequency is automatically regulated flame size, realizes automatic multi-step control, adopts high-precision sensor control outlet hot water temperature to make even water temperature; The leaving water temperature acoustic-optic alarm can begin to start automatic regulating system when water temperature is below or above design temperature, regulate the firepower size, report to the police simultaneously, water temperature continues to raise during as high temperature, exceeds when setting the superelevation value, and acoustic-optic alarm starts and safety valve is opened.In temperature returned to setting range, sounding and lighting alarm automatically terminated (also can manually remove warning).Lacking the coal reminding alarm device can report to the police when adjusting blower fan firepower is still not enough automatically, reminds timely coal to guarantee combustion completion.Make sterilizing machine regulation and control of the present invention more convenient by above-mentioned security alerting system, operate more intelligent.Security alerting system connects and installs just passable according to conventional method.
The setting of chimney of the present invention is the lower end at flue, can make the coal-fired thermal efficiency of gasification wraparound burning higher, and fire box and flue become collection ash place again simultaneously, and the dust majority that chimney is taken away drops in the fire box, and external environment condition is more cleaned.
Agricultural disinfection with hot water machine of the present invention also is furnished with hot water dispenser and water filling drip irrigation system, both can the high-temperature-hot-water more than 90 ℃ be transported to the cultivation matrix groove that needs the sterilization greenhouse by high temperature resistant water pipe and carry out the matrix sterilization; The hot water that also can utilize hot water dispenser to transmit is allocated in soil surface to be sterilized by resistant to elevated temperatures drip irrigation flood pattern and carries out soil disinfection.
Hot water dispenser is the stainless steel hollow pipe, 3 meters of length, and a middle side part has interface to link to each other with the hot water transmission system, and opposite side has hand switch to control water outlet every 0.3 meter apopore that 2 centimetres of 1 diameters are arranged on it.The water filling drip irrigation system is high temperature resistant flexible pipe irrigate band, and one end and apopore join, and the fixing sealing of the other end is to guarantee that hot water flows out from the hole of irrigate band.
The agricultural coal soil hot water of the present invention sterilizing machine, vacuum boiler, the burning of gasification wraparound and membrane wall heat transfer structure are combined, and control firepower by the frequency conversion fan automatic control system, can provide 90-95 ℃ of hot water continuously, efficiency of fire coal height of the present invention, heat utilization efficiency height, environmental pollution is little, it is effective to be used for soil disinfection, and cost is low, is easy to promote.Using method of the present invention is to inject water-supply-pipe and water knockout drum after utilizing water pump to make cold water reach the temperature that needs by the rapid heating of heat exchanger tube in the sterilizing machine, finally hot water is poured into soil or matrix by the irrigation under film system, continuously water filling makes the matrix soil high-temperature water saturated and promote its temperature to 50-60 ℃, under this high temperature, continue 1-2 hour, a large amount of assorted bacterium in the soil can be killed, thereby the soil soil fertility is recovered.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 coal-firing agricultural soil hot water sterilization machine profile of the present invention front view,
Fig. 2 coal-firing agricultural soil hot water sterilization machine structural representation of the present invention,
Link position schematic diagram under Fig. 3 coal-firing agricultural soil hot water sterilization machine user mode of the present invention,
The 1-sterilizing machine, 2-water source, 3-chimney, 4-guidance panel, 5-greenhouse, the 6-tube bank of being heated, 7-flue, 10-fire grate, 11-coal thorax, the 12-fire box, 13-coal feeding hole, 14-ash hole, 15-blast pipe, the 16-blower fan, 21-negative-pressure vacuum space, 22-hydrospace, 23-heat exchanger tube, 24,25-safety valve, 26-venting, 27-vacuum table, 28-water filling drip irrigation system, the 29-hot water dispenser, 231-water inlet, 232-delivery port, 30-heat medium water water gauge.
Embodiment
As Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2, coal-firing agricultural soil hot water sterilizing machine of the present invention, comprise burner hearth, be arranged at the outer drum of burner hearth, the superposed coal thorax 11 that described burner hearth is separated into by negative pressure waterpipe type fire grate 10 and the fire box 12 of bottom, described coal thorax 11 tops are connected with blast pipe 15, and described blast pipe 15 is connected with outside blower fan 16, coal thorax 11 adds coal fuel by coal feeding hole 13, and fire box 12 can be cleaned out the ash that fire coal produces by the ash hole 14 of a side; Described drum comprises the hydrospace 22 of bottom and the negative-pressure vacuum space 21 on top, is provided with the heat exchanger tube 23 with external communications in the described negative-pressure vacuum space 21, is vacuum state under 21 normalities of negative-pressure vacuum space; Have the two rows tube bank of being heated 6 to enclose flue 7 in the hydrospace 22, flue 7 one ends are communicated with fire box 12, and the other end is communicated with chimney 3.The present invention is that Lower Half forms hydrospace 22 in drum 2 with the disposable injection sealing of heat medium water, and first half system can be deflated method and form negative-pressure vacuum space 21; The coal-fired simultaneously gasification wraparound combustion technology that adopts, the air that is blown into from top blast pipe 15 not only provides coal-fired required oxygen, also the gasification of coal air-blowing is burnt to bottom fire box 12 simultaneously, 22 heating heat medium waters make it vaporization to adopt membrane wall structure (flue that the tube bank 6 of being heated forms) that combustion flame is conducted heat to the hydrospace, the cold water heat exchange of the water vapour of heat medium water in negative-pressure vacuum space 21 and in the heat exchanger tube 23 is heated to 90-95 ℃, described heat exchanger tube 23 is selected high-quality red copper heat exchanger tube for use, overall thermal efficiency reaches more than 92%, this high-temperature-hot-water can be used for soil disinfection, or other needs the place of hot water.Vacuum boiler of the present invention, gasification wraparound burn and three kinds of technical combinations of membrane wall heat transfer structure, and structure is optimized, and make the volume of sterilizing machine of the present invention little, thermal efficiency height, directly mobile working in the greenhouse.
Described negative-pressure vacuum space 21 is connected with safety valve 24,25 (the using and the reserved) and vacuum table 27, can directly show and effectively control the vacuum situation in negative-pressure vacuum space 21, also be provided with venting 26 on the fire box simultaneously, above-mentioned setting can be guaranteed the safety of entire equipment.
The present invention also is provided with security alerting system.Described security alerting system leaving water temperature acoustic-optic alarm and scarce coal warning device.But system's design temperature, according to variations in temperature, frequency conversion fan regulating frequency is automatically regulated flame size, realizes automatic multi-step control, adopts high-precision sensor control outlet hot water temperature to make even water temperature; The leaving water temperature acoustic-optic alarm can begin to start automatic regulating system when water temperature is below or above design temperature, regulate the firepower size, report to the police simultaneously, water temperature continues to raise during as high temperature, exceeds when setting the superelevation value, and acoustic-optic alarm starts and safety valve is opened.In temperature returned to setting range, sounding and lighting alarm automatically terminated (also can manually remove warning).Lacking the coal reminding alarm device can report to the police when adjusting blower fan firepower is still not enough automatically, reminds timely coal to guarantee combustion completion.Make sterilizing machine regulation and control of the present invention more convenient by above-mentioned security alerting system, it is just passable only to need to operate regulation and control in guidance panel 4.The security alerting system of operative intelligenceization connects and only installs to be needed according to conventional method just.The water gauge 30 that is connected with hydrospace 22 is installed, the SEA LEVEL VARIATION that can observe heat medium water, moisturizing in time on the shell body.
Described chimney 3 is connected in the lower end of flue 7, make the efficiency of fire coal of gasification wraparound burning higher, fire box 12 and flue 7 become collection ash place again simultaneously, and the dust majority in the flue gas also drops in the fire box 12, easily clean out, external environment condition is more cleaned by ash hole 14.
Described heat exchanger tube 23 is circumscribed with hot water dispenser 29 and water filling drip irrigation system 28, as shown in Figure 3, external water source 2 is connected with water inlet 231 in the sterilizing machine 1 of the present invention, what come out to obtain from delivery port 232 after heat exchange is high-temperature-hot-water, the high-temperature-hot-water more than 90 ℃ is transported to cultivation matrix groove or the cultivating bed that needs sterilization greenhouse 5 by high temperature resistant water pipe; Utilize hot water dispenser 29 will transmit the hot water that comes and be allocated in different cultivation matrix grooves or soil surface to be sterilized by resistant to elevated temperatures drip irrigation flood pattern 28.Hot water dispenser is the stainless steel hollow pipe, 3 meters of length, and a middle side part has interface to link to each other with the hot water transmission system, and opposite side has hand switch to control water outlet every 0.3 meter apopore that 2 centimetres of 1 diameters are arranged on it.The water filling drip irrigation system is high temperature resistant flexible pipe irrigate band or hard tube drip irrigation pipe, and one end and apopore join, and the fixing sealing of the other end is to guarantee that hot water flows out from the hole of irrigate band or pipe.
Coal-firing agricultural soil hot water sterilizing machine of the present invention, vacuum boiler, the burning of gasification wraparound and membrane wall heat transfer structure are combined, and control by automatic control system, can provide 90-95 ℃ of hot water continuously, efficiency of fire coal height of the present invention, heat utilization efficiency height, environmental pollution is little, it is effective to be used for soil disinfection, and cost is low, is easy to promote.Using method of the present invention is to inject water-supply-pipe and water knockout drum after utilizing water pump to make cold water reach the temperature that needs by the rapid heating of heat exchanger tube in the sterilizing machine, finally hot water is poured into soil or matrix by the irrigation under film system, continuously water filling makes the matrix soil high-temperature water saturated and promote its temperature to 50-60 ℃, under this high temperature, continue 1-2 hour, a large amount of assorted bacterium in the soil can be killed, thereby the soil soil fertility is recovered.
Use the present invention to the soil high-temperature disinfection treatment, after ventilation, do furrow wholely, if it is even more ideal that the mycorhiza seedling effect of useful mycorhiza microorganism is inoculated in field planting, because the useful mycorhiza bacterium of inoculation helps growing of vegetables root system and nutrient absorption in the sterile soil, the mycorhiza seedling is used in field planting simultaneously not only can recover soil fertility rapidly, also can reduce the rich water consumption, improves the rich water availability, promote nutritional utilization to absorb, effect is better.
The meaning of high-temperature-hot-water sterilization method is very big, and the one, the ground force level of recovery greenhouse continuous cropping obstacle salinization soil alleviates high salt harm, improves the soil nutrient absorption ratio and saves fertilizer amount, and finally improve yield of vegetables and improve the vegetable nutrient quality; The 2nd, be applied to the serious soil of soil-borne disease, can effectively kill soil-borne disease, and significantly promote soil fertility, improved vegetables rhizospheric microorganism environment and nutrient absorption; The 3rd, be applied to the sterilization of seedling medium soil, reduce pesticide dosage, improve planting percent, also can be used for the low-cost large-scale industrialized cultivation of mycorhiza seedling.
Claims (10)
1. coal-firing agricultural soil hot water sterilizing machine, comprise burner hearth, be arranged at the outer drum of burner hearth, with the flue and the chimney that are connected in turn with burner hearth, it is characterized in that: the superposed coal thorax that described burner hearth is separated into by fire grate and the fire box of bottom, described coal thorax top is connected with blast pipe, described blast pipe is connected with outside blower fan, the air that is blown into from the top blast pipe not only provides coal-fired required oxygen, also the gasification of coal air-blowing is burnt to the fire box of bottom simultaneously, described drum comprises the hydrospace of bottom and the negative-pressure vacuum space on top, there are two rows to be heated to restrain in the hydrospace and enclose flue, be provided with heat exchanger tube in the described negative-pressure vacuum space with external communications.
2. coal-firing agricultural soil hot water sterilizing machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described fire grate is a negative pressure waterpipe type fire grate, is communicated with the water of hydrospace.
3. coal-firing agricultural soil hot water sterilizing machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described negative-pressure vacuum space is connected with safety valve and vacuum table.
4. coal-firing agricultural soil hot water sterilizing machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described fire box is connected with venting.
5. coal-firing agricultural soil hot water sterilizing machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described sterilizing machine also comprises security alerting system, and described security alerting system comprises leaving water temperature acoustic-optic alarm and scarce coal warning device.
6. coal-firing agricultural soil hot water sterilizing machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described chimney is connected in the lower end of flue.
7. coal-firing agricultural soil hot water sterilizing machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described heat exchanger tube is the red copper heat exchanger tube.
8. coal-firing agricultural soil hot water sterilizing machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described heat exchanger tube is circumscribed with hot water dispenser and water filling drip irrigation system.
9. coal-firing agricultural soil hot water sterilizing machine according to claim 8 is characterized in that: described hot water dispenser is provided with hand switch.
10. coal-firing agricultural soil hot water sterilizing machine according to claim 8 is characterized in that: described water filling drip irrigation system is high temperature resistant flexible pipe irrigate band or hard tube drip irrigation pipe.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009100784037A CN101493262B (en) | 2009-02-20 | 2009-02-20 | Coal-firing agricultural soil hot water sterilization machine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009100784037A CN101493262B (en) | 2009-02-20 | 2009-02-20 | Coal-firing agricultural soil hot water sterilization machine |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101493262A CN101493262A (en) | 2009-07-29 |
| CN101493262B true CN101493262B (en) | 2011-04-20 |
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| CN2009100784037A Expired - Fee Related CN101493262B (en) | 2009-02-20 | 2009-02-20 | Coal-firing agricultural soil hot water sterilization machine |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2963870B1 (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2012-08-24 | Robert Hernandez | MACHINE FOR STERILIZING THE SOIL LAYER LAYER |
| CN102607002A (en) * | 2012-03-19 | 2012-07-25 | 郭丰亮 | Biomass fuel and diesel dual-purpose steam engine |
| CN102599140B (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-08-14 | 江苏花海农业科技有限公司 | Method for installing integral soil sterilization and disinfestation device |
| CN105435253A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-03-30 | 新疆农业科学院农业机械化研究所 | Sterilization device and method for greenhouse culture medium |
| CN111406460A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-14 | 安徽净工坊环保科技有限公司 | Energy-saving and environment-friendly remediation device for heavily polluted soil and remediation method thereof |
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- 2009-02-20 CN CN2009100784037A patent/CN101493262B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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