CN101481267A - Method for producing multifunctional humic fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a production method of a humic fertilizer. Lignin substances (industrial lignin, peat and brown coal) and ammonia liquor are taken as raw materials, and a down-jet loop reaction device which is favorable for full mixing of three phases (gas, liquid and solid (the lignin)) is taken as production equipment to produce the humic fertilizer. The reaction conditions are as follows: the concentration of the lignin substances of the reaction solution is 9-25%, the reaction temperature is controlled at 70-100 DEG C, the ammonia concentration is controlled at 7-18%, the pH value is 9-11, the gas holdup of the gas, liquid and solid three-phase reactants is kept at more than 16% in the reaction, the oxygen flow in the reaction solution is kept at 15-40 mol/1kg solid reactant per hour, and the total reaction time is 1-3h. The nitrogen content of an organic macromolecular substance obtained by filtering and drying the reactant is 3-6%, the pH value is 7.0-8.0, the base exchange capacity is 50-140m.e/100g, and the organic macromolecular substance has higher humic acid content. The nitrogen contained in the humic fertilizer has very good slow-release property; organisms thereof can keep relatively stable state in soil; and the humic fertilizer has very important effect in keeping soil nutrients, conserving moisture and soil, and forming soil aggregate structure.

Description

A kind of method for producing multifunctional humic fertilizer

Technical field

The invention provides a kind of production technology of humic fertilizer, belong to the fertilizer manufacture method, particularly a kind of efficient, lasting multifunctional organic fertilizer.

Background technology

The people is Soil degradation problem under inducing such as the soil erosion, soil desertification, impoverishment etc., has become one of focal issue that influences China's Economic development.According to investigations, the whole nation has 1/6 area to be subjected in various degree the soil erosion, and wherein the Huanghe valley is most serious of all corroded area and reached 67%.In China the north and the northwestward, because over-drastic is opened up wasteland, herds, cut down, soil desertification speed surpasses 210 square kilometres every year, relates to more than 200 county of 11 provinces (autonomous region).In addition, because excessively cultivation and use chemical fertilizer, soil causes nutrient situation unbalance because of organic matter is deficient, cause the decline of large-area soil fertility, the national overall survey of soil for the second time shows that the average quality of organic matter mark of national arable soil is lower than 1.5%, wherein has 11% arable land to be lower than 0.7%.Therefore, how to utilize modern means of science and technology to solve or alleviate the Soil degradation problem of China, restore vegetation has become the current scientific research of China urgently need be with one of difficult problem that solves.

Agron continues effect in the balanced use by common people knew together at water-retaining effect, maintenance of soil fertility, assurance soil, therefore, scientists is being sought the wretched insufficiency that remedies humus content in the degenerated soil with the consistent organic substance of agron 26S Proteasome Structure and Function always for many years.Lignin is considered to the precursor of agron, it is converted into the component of soil ulmin by processes such as oxidation, decomposition, condensations under action of microorganisms, as aromatics (polyphenol) and nitrogenous compound (amino acid and polypeptide), each component is by the synthetic soil ulmin of condensation.But under state of nature, the formation of agron is a process very slowly, often needs hundreds of to arrive time in several thousand.And directly in soil, add lignin class material such as industrial lignin, brown coal etc., though it can by microbiological deterioration in the soil and chisel and carve, but because its C/N is than high (〉 100), cause weakening of active reduction of nitrogen and microorganism active on the contrary, the result often brings adverse influence to soil fertility, therefore, adopt manual method to quicken the humification process of such material, increase the content of the surface active groups of such material, become the important channel of this novel soil improvement material of exploitation.The oxidation ammonia of lignin is separated technology, one of technology that is considered to get a good chance of, being active chalcogen contains in the ammonia-state nitrogen alkaline medium with being distributed in as a kind of special macromole polymer lignin, produce chemical reaction, improve the activity of C/N ratio content and organic macromolecule polymer functional group, but owing to influence that this oxidation ammonia is separated more than the factor of process and complicated, this research rests on laboratory stage all the time, this invention is the continuity and the breakthrough of this research, and it will meet the production technique that edatope requires for soil remediation material efficiently provides a whole set of for lignin class resource conversion.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of science, utilize lignin class material (industrial lignin, peat, brown coal etc.) to produce the technology of multifunctional humic fertilizer efficiently.

For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts oxidation ammonia to separate the modification that technology is carried out this lignin class material, promptly in the presence of nucleophile ammonia, makes active chalcogen and is distributed in (NH in the alkaline medium as the polymeric lignin of a kind of special macromole ₃Solution), produce chemical reaction, comprise demethoxylation (OCH ₃), quinonyl (O-) forms aromatic nucleus fracture, condensation, the formation (NH of various form N ₄-N, amine, acid amides, heterocyclic nitrogen ...) etc., generally speaking, its reaction process is very complicated.Many studies show that adopted high-pressure process, promptly under the condition of oxygen pressure greater than 0.5Mpa, can produce nitrogen content higher (〉 5%) the nitrogen modified lignin.But from practical application, adopt high-pressure process production cost height, and the content height of the different cyclic cpds of organonitrogen, be unfavorable for plant utilization and environment protection.Therefore, the development of normal pressure production technique becomes the important foundation that makes this product really move towards market.

For being implemented in the oxidation ammonolysis reaction that effectively carries out lignin class material under the condition of normal pressure, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is: select for use to help reactant gas (ammonia, oxygen or air), liquid (water), Gu the well-mixed following spray circulation of (lignin) three-phase conversion unit is as reaction unit, lignin class material is through levigate before the reaction, cross 40 mesh sieves, reaction solution lignin class material concentration is between 9-25%, temperature of reaction is controlled between 70-100 ℃, the concentration of ammonia is controlled between the 7-18%, pH is between 9-11, gas in the reaction process, liquid, Gu the gas holdup in the three-phase system remains on more than 16%, oxygen flow in the reaction solution per hour remains on 15-40 mole/per kilogram solid reactant, and the entire reaction time is between 1 to 3 hour.Reacted solid matter is produced and is rich in the nitrogen organic macromolecule through dehydration, oven dry, and bake out temperature should be lower than 145 ℃, in order to avoid the part nitrogen loss in the organism.

The whole process flow of above-mentioned humic fertilizer production method can be represented with Fig. 1.

Lignin class material is behind the above-mentioned reaction process of process, can become nitrogen content is 3～6%, the pH value is 7.0-8.0, base exchange capacity is 50～140m.e./100g, C/N is than the nitrogenous organic macromolecule organism between 10～18, such material often has higher content of humic acid, simultaneously, contained nitrogen has good slow-releasing in this product, the state and organism itself can keep relative stability in soil, it all has crucial effect to the formation of soil nutrient maintenance, water-retaining effect and soil aggregate.

Specific implementation:

Lignin class material is pulverized, levigate, cross 40 mesh sieves, in the reaction unit opening for feed, add entry by certain ratio row, lignin, close opening for feed, ammonia import at reaction unit simultaneously feeds ammonia, make ammonia concentration in the solution between 7% to 18%, opening electric heater heats up reaction solution, start the recycle pump in the reaction unit, the temperature of reactant is controlled between 70-100 ℃, opens oxygen or air intlet, make gas in the reaction process, liquid, Gu the gas holdup in the three-phase system remains on more than 16%, oxygen flow in the reaction solution per hour remains on 15-40 mole/per kilogram solid reactant, and the reaction time of carrying out is 1-3 hour.After reaction finishes, solution is imported in strainer (as flame filter press) and the drying system (as rotating drum type drying machine), reacted solid matter is through dehydration, oven dry (temperature should be lower than 145 ℃), treat the Han Shui Liang of this modified lignin type organic ≦ 18% o'clock to can be used as product stock, transportation and application.

Claims (2)

1. humic fertilizer production method, it is characterized in that: raw materials for production are lignin class material (industrial lignin, peat, brown coal) and ammoniacal liquor.The production technology scheme is: adopt to help reactant gas (ammonia, oxygen or air), liquid (water), solid (lignin class material) well-mixed following spray circulation of three-phase reaction unit.Reaction process condition is: before the reaction that lignin class material is levigate, cross 40 mesh sieves, lignin class material concentration is between 9-25% in the reaction solution, temperature of reaction is controlled between 70-100 ℃, the concentration of ammonia is controlled between the 7-18%, and pH is between 9-11, and the gas holdup in the reaction process in the gas, liquid, solid three-phase remains on more than 16%, oxygen flow in the reaction solution per hour remains on 15-40 mole/kilogram solid reactant, and the entire reaction time is between 1 to 3 hour.

2. a kind of humic fertilizer production method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: reacted solid matter is produced and is rich in the nitrogen organic macromolecule through dehydration, oven dry, and bake out temperature should be lower than 145 ℃.

Images