CN101480689A - Near-isothermal forging method of two-phase titanium alloy disk-type forgeable piece - Google Patents
Near-isothermal forging method of two-phase titanium alloy disk-type forgeable piece Download PDFInfo
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- CN101480689A CN101480689A CNA2008100690694A CN200810069069A CN101480689A CN 101480689 A CN101480689 A CN 101480689A CN A2008100690694 A CNA2008100690694 A CN A2008100690694A CN 200810069069 A CN200810069069 A CN 200810069069A CN 101480689 A CN101480689 A CN 101480689A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an approximately-isothermal forging method of a two-phase titanium alloy disc-shaped forging piece, which adopts the process that a alloy primary stick ingot is heated to reach 30-75 DEG C below a transformation point and is continuously upset to form a primary round cake; the primary round cake is heated to reach 20-60 DEG C below the transformation point and is drawn out to return to the length of the primary stick ingot, and a secondary stick ingot is obtained; the secondary stick ingot is heated to reach 30-75 DEG C below the transformation point and is continuously upset to form a secondary round cake which is then punched to form an annular blank; the annular blank is heated to reach 20-60 DEG C above the transformation point, an upper forging die and a lower forging die are heated to reach 10-20 DEG C below the transformation point, the annular blank is forged by the upper forging die and the lower forging die with the pressure of 30-60MN and is molded into the disc-shaped forging piece in one heat after the deflection of the annular blank reaches 30-50 percent with the strain rate of 0.001s<-1>-0.01s<-1>, and the heat treatment of the disc-shaped forging piece is carried out after being forged. If the titanium alloy is TC17, a solid solution plus aging treatment is adopted after being forged; and if the titanium alloy is BT25, twice annealing treatments are adopted after being forged. The disc-shaped forging piece which is forged by adopting the method has more ideal basket netting organization and high performance, and is suitable for manufacturing forging pieces of an aeroengine, such as a gas compressor disk, a turbine disk, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the near isothermal forging method of a kind of forging method of titanium alloy forging, particularly two-phase titanium alloy disk forge piece.
Background technology
Diskwares such as the compressor disc of aero-engine, the turbine disk are because work under bad environment, stressed complexity, and the type alpha+beta diphasic titanium alloy that often adopts excellent combination property is material such as TC17, BT25 forging and molding for example.Adopt the diskware of two titanium alloy forgings of type alpha+beta to have high strength, series of advantages such as fracture toughness is good, quenching degree is high and forging range is wide, can satisfy the needs of damage tolerance design and the requirement of high structure, high reliability and low manufacturing cost, and these excellent comprehensive performances must guarantee by desirable forging microstructure.
Aspect the forging method of diphasic titanium alloy, on March 19th, 2003, disclosed Chinese invention patent specification CN1403622A disclosed a kind of titanium alloy quasi-beta forging process, adopt this technology that the type alpha+beta diphasic titanium alloy is carried out accurate β when forging, be that titanium alloy blank is heated near the beta transformation point temperature zone, be that phase point temperature forges to 10 ℃ scope more than the phase point temperature for following 10 ℃, when heat in this zone, because the cooling of blank after coming out of the stove, the distortion of forging is actually to be carried out in the alpha+beta district, though adopt this method can obtain the α phase basket with netting on top tissue of high-ductility, but the primary of this basket with netting on top tissue is mutually still in 15%, and the boundling shape α phase that can obtain the basket with netting on top braiding is just generally mentioned in this patent monologue story-telling with gestures, do not provide concrete basket with netting on top and organize metallograph, the basket with netting on top tissue that the type alpha+beta diphasic titanium alloy that adopts this method to produce is obtained not is comparatively ideal tissue.For the forging of type alpha+beta diphasic titanium alloy, seek out the forging of comparatively ideal basket with netting on top tissue and every better performances, except the heating-up temperature of blank, the formulation of other technological parameters all can exert an influence to the final tissue and the performance of forging as the mold temperature of blank in forging process, deflection, strain rate etc.
Aspect near isothermal forging method, on September 19th, 2007, disclosed Chinese invention patent specification CN101036931A disclosed the aerial near isothermal forging method of a kind of GH4169 alloy plate shaped forgeable piece, this method employing jumping-up+pulling+heating and upsetting+punching again+heat roll off again to produce this alloy ring fine crystal blank material earlier, and then, obtained tiny and this higher alloy plate shaped forgeable piece of intensity of crystal grain being controlled at the nearly isothermal forging shaping that has realized this alloy between 30 ℃～55 ℃ in the ring fine crystal blank material threading forging die and the temperature difference of forging die and ring blank.This method has disclosed a kind of near isothermal forging method of high temperature alloy, its some processing steps are applicable to the near isothermal forging method of two-phase titanium alloy disk forge piece of the present invention, but because high temperature alloy belongs to two kinds of different metal material field with titanium alloy, therefore, when adopting high temperature alloy and titanium alloy that disk forge piece is carried out the near isothermal forging shaping, the forging method of two kinds of alloys is essentially different.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides the near isothermal forging method that a kind of ring blank that uses evenly tiny bifurcation tissue is realized two-phase titanium alloy disk forge piece, adopts the disk forge piece of this method forging to have comparatively ideal basket with netting on top tissue and high-performance.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the near isothermal forging method of two-phase titanium alloy disk forge piece of the present invention is realized by the following technical solutions:
Titanium alloy rod bar is become once excellent ingot by the specification blanking, heat this rod ingot to below the alloy phase height 30 ℃～75 ℃, by after this rod ingot thickness 0.8～1min/mm insulation, again this rod ingot jumping-up being made its length is to obtain cake one time after original 50%～60%, forges the back water-cooled and handles;
Heat a described cake above 20 ℃～60 ℃ to transformation temperature, press the thick 0.8～1min/mm insulation of cake after, the pulling length of getting back to described once excellent ingot obtains the excellent ingot of secondary again;
Heat described secondary rod ingot to following 30 ℃～75 ℃ of transformation temperature, after this rod ingot thickness 0.8～1min/mm insulation, again this rod ingot jumping-up being made its length is to obtain the secondary cake after original 50%～60%, and this cake is taken advantage of heat to go out centre bore and obtained encircling blank, forges the back water-cooled and handles;
Heat described ring blank to above 20 ℃～60 ℃ of transformation temperature, by this blank wall thickness 0.5～0.8min/mm insulation; Heat upper and lower forging die and after below the transformation temperature 10 ℃～20 ℃ described ring blank is put into forging die, upper and lower forging die makes it with 0.001s with the pressure forging and pressing ring blank of 30MN～60MN
-1～0.01s
-1Strain rate reach 30%～50% back, one fire in forging die internal strain amount and be configured as disk forge piece, forge after-baking.
Above-mentioned titanium alloy can be that the trade mark is the titanium alloy of TC17, and it forges after-baking is that disk forge piece is heated to 800 ℃ ± 10 ℃, puts in the water behind the insulation 4h and is heated to 630 ± 10 ℃ again after the cooling rapidly, and the laggard line space of insulation 8h is cold.
Above-mentioned titanium alloy also can be that the trade mark is the titanium alloy of BT25, and it forges after-baking is that disk forge piece is heated to 988 ℃ ± 10 ℃, and insulation 3h disperses to be heated to 555 ℃ ± 5 ℃ again behind the air cooling, disperses air cooling behind the insulation 7h.
For making things convenient for delivery, at its surface spraying lubricant, described upper and lower forging die can be at forging die surface spraying lubricant before described ring blank dress mould described ring blank can be preheating to 200 ℃～300 ℃ earlier before adding the hot charging mould after.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention adopts " low-high-low " technology base, promptly the alloy bar ingot is heated to below the transformation temperature 30 ℃～75 ℃, jumping-up; Be heated to above 20 ℃～60 ℃ of transformation temperature again, pulling; Be heated to following 30 ℃～75 ℃ of transformation temperature again, obtain encircling blank after the jumping-up punching.The ring blank that " low-high-low " technology is made is organized more tiny, α is isometry and distributes, for obtaining comparatively ideal basket with netting on top tissue, follow-up nearly isothermal forging disk forge piece lays the foundation, this is to be suppressed because forge growing up of the inner water-cooled α of back ring blank pin in the high-temperature region, in heat treatment subsequently, because the effect of distortional strain energy makes the α pin by nodularization.Blank heating temperature is more than transformation temperature 20 ℃～60 ℃ during base, this temperature has fully remedied the detection error of the transformation temperature sum of errors heating furnace of blank, the heating-up temperature of guaranteeing the each several part blank is all more than transformation temperature, and this temperature has guaranteed to heat more than the transformation temperature β crystal grain that is generated again, and crystallization is abundant again, the size of β crystal grain is suitable, the big or small uniformity of each β crystal grain is for next step nearly isothermal forging is got ready.
The ring blank heating to more than the transformation temperature 20 ℃～60 ℃, is heated to forging die below the transformation temperature after 10 ℃～20 ℃, make encircle the temperature difference of blank in forging die and between the forging die in 30 ℃～80 ℃ scope, strain rate is at 0.001s
-1～0.01s
-1Scope is interior, deflection is controlled in 30%～50% scope and realize that a fire forges into disk forge piece, be in two-phase section, to carry out in order to ensure some distortion of ring blank in the nearly isothermal forging process, broken grain boundary prevents that complete β crystal boundary from existing, and obtains comparatively ideal basket shape tissue; Lower mold temperature has been widened the mould selection range relatively, has been reduced die cost simultaneously, and helps improving die life; Adopting faster, strain rate is to carry out for the major part distortion is concentrated on the β district, only stay fraction (20%～30%) distortion to carry out in the alpha+beta district, thereby obtain the best fracture toughness and the coupling of plasticity, improve the crack growth rate of diskware, fully satisfy the needs of damage tolerance design.Forging has after heat treatment obtained comparatively ideal basket with netting on top tissue.
Adopt the room temperature tensile performance of the disk forge piece of TC17 titanium alloy material manufacturing after testing, its tensile strength is 1250MPa～1260MPa (greater than the 1120MPa of design instructions for use), its percentage elongation is that 0.2% o'clock yield strength is 1200MPa～1210MPa (greater than the 1030MPa of design instructions for use), elongation after fracture be 12%～14% (greater than the design instructions for use 5%), the contraction percentage of area be 26% (greater than the design instructions for use 10%), fracture toughness is 72Mpa.m 1/2 (greater than the 54.9Mpa.m 1/2 of design instructions for use).
Adopt the room temperature tensile performance of the disk forge piece of BT25 titanium alloy material manufacturing after testing, its tensile strength is 1050MPa～1060MPa (greater than the 980MPa of design instructions for use), elongation after fracture be 8%～9% (greater than the design instructions for use 7%), the contraction percentage of area be 16%～23% (greater than the design instructions for use 15%), ballistic work is 48.9～52.7J/cm
2(greater than the 29.4J/cm of design instructions for use
2).
Description of drawings
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the blank-making method process chart of diphasic titanium alloy ring blank.
Fig. 2 adopts ring blank near isothermal forging shown in Figure 1 to become the process chart of disk forge piece.
Fig. 3 adopts ring blank that the TC17 titanium alloy material the makes metallographic structure figure along the place, centre position, longitudinal section that center line is cut open.
Fig. 4 adopts the metallographic structure figure of the disk forge piece of TC17 titanium alloy material near isothermal forging along the place, centre position, longitudinal section that center line is cut open.
Fig. 5 adopts ring blank that the BT25 titanium alloy material the makes metallographic structure figure along the place, centre position, longitudinal section that center line is cut open.
Fig. 6 adopts the metallographic structure figure of the disk forge piece of BT25 titanium alloy material near isothermal forging along the place, centre position, longitudinal section that center line is cut open.
The specific embodiment
The type alpha+beta diphasic titanium alloy, for example:
China's material trademark is the titanium alloy of TC17, and its main chemical elements content (percentage by weight) is: contain Al amount 4.50%～5.50%, contain Sn amount 1.60%～2.40%, contain Zr amount 1.60%～2.40%, contain Mo amount 3.50%～4.50%, contain Cr amount 3.50%～4.50%, contain Fe amount≤0.30%, C content≤0.05%, contain N amount≤0.05%, contain H amount≤0.0125%, contain 0 amount≤0.13%, surplus is Ti.
Russia's material trademark is the titanium alloy of BT25, and its main chemical elements content (percentage by weight) is: contain Al amount 6.20%～7.20%, contain Mo amount 1.50%～2.50%, contain Zr amount 0.80%～2.50%, contain Sn amount 0.80%～2.50%, contain W amount 0.50%～1.50%, si content 0.10%～0.25%, contain Fe amount≤0.15%, C content≤0.10%, contain 0 amount≤0.15%, contain N amount≤0.04%, contain H amount≤0.012%, contain Cu amount≤0.10%, contain Cr amount≤0.10%, surplus is Ti.
Provided the near isothermal forging method processing step of diphasic titanium alloy below:
Step 1: as shown in Figure 1, the titanium alloy circular bar is pressed the blanking of forging specification become once excellent ingot 1, again excellent ingot 1 once is put into and is heated to below the titanium alloy transformation temperature 30 ℃～75 ℃ in the forge furnace, insulation then, temperature retention time is calculated by excellent ingot thickness 0.8～1min/mm once.
Step 2: excellent ingot 1 is once taken out in forge furnace, be put into and be upset as cake 2 on the forging press one time, the thickness of a described cake 2 is once 50%～60% of excellent ingot 1 length, cools off in water immediately after the forging.
Step 3: an above-mentioned cake 2 is put into is heated to above 20 ℃～60 ℃ of titanium alloy transformation temperature in the forge furnace, insulation, temperature retention time is calculated by cake thickness a 0.8～1min/mm.
Step 4: take out an above-mentioned cake 2 in the forge furnace, be put on the forging press pulling again and get back to once the length of excellent ingot 1 and obtain secondary rod ingot 3.
Step 5: secondary rod ingot 3 is put into is heated to below the titanium alloy transformation temperature 30 ℃～75 ℃ in the forge furnace, insulation then, temperature retention time press secondary rod ingot thickness 0.8～1min/mm calculating.
Step 6: secondary rod ingot 3 is taken out in forge furnace, be put into and be upset as secondary cake 4 on the forging press, the thickness of described secondary cake 4 is 50%～60% of secondary rod ingot 3 length, the centre bore of taking advantage of heat to go out secondary cake 4 with drift obtains encircling blank 5, the base process finishes, and cools off in recirculated water immediately after the forging.
Step 7: as shown in Figure 2, be convenient follow-up forging delivery, can be preheating to 200 ℃～300 ℃ to ring blank 5 earlier after at its surface spraying lubricant, again this blank heating to more than the titanium alloy transformation temperature 20 ℃～60 ℃, insulation, temperature retention time is calculated by this blank wall thickness 0.5～0.8min/mm.
Step 8: last forging die 6 and anvil tool 7 are heated to following 10 ℃～20 ℃ of titanium alloy transformation temperature, and at its surface spraying lubricant to make things convenient for delivery, can heat by the rotary heating furnace 9 that is installed on the forging press during heating, again the ring blank after step 7 heating 5 is put into forging die, the pressure that applies 30MN～60MN by forging press makes forging die 6 and anvil tool 7 matched moulds and a fire forge into disk forge piece 8 to ring blank 5, and nearly isothermal forging process finishes.Ring blank 5 forges into disk forge piece 8 in forging die 6 and 7 deflection is 30%～50%, and the forging strain rate of ring blank 5 in the forging and pressing process is 0.001s
-1～0.01s
-1
The computational methods of described deflection are: deflection=[(the longitudinal section area of ring blank 5 along the longitudinal section area-disk forge piece 8 of center line along center line)/ring blank 5 is along the longitudinal section area of center line] * 100%.
Step 9: forge back disk forge piece 8 and heat-treat.1. for the TC17 titanium alloy, through solid solution+Ageing Treatment, wherein solution treatment is that disk forge piece 8 is heated to 800 ℃ ± 10 ℃, puts cooling (shrend) rapidly in the water behind the insulation 4h into; Ageing Treatment is that the disk forge piece after the solution treatment 8 is heated to 630 ± 10 ℃, and the laggard line space of insulation 8h is cold.2. for the BT25 titanium alloy, handle through twice annealing, wherein annealing is that disk forge piece 8 is heated to 988 ℃ ± 10 ℃ for the first time, disperses air cooling behind the insulation 3h; Annealing is that disk forge piece 8 is heated to 555 ℃ ± 5 ℃ for the second time, disperses air cooling behind the insulation 7h.
In the above-mentioned forging process, initial forging temperature is the heating-up temperature of each step, final forging temperature 〉=750 ℃.
When adopting the TC17 titanium alloy material to forge, after testing, its transformation temperature is 895 ℃.
The metallographic structure figure (microscopically amplifies 500 times) that Fig. 3 locates along the centre position, longitudinal section that center line is cut open for the ring blank 5 that adopts the TC17 titanium alloy material to obtain by above-mentioned steps 1～step 6, it is organized as evenly tiny bifurcation tissue, and α is isometry and distributes.
The metallographic structure figure (microscopically amplifies 500 times) that Fig. 4 locates along the centre position, longitudinal section that center line is cut open for the disk forge piece 8 that adopts the TC17 titanium alloy material to obtain by above-mentioned steps 1～step 9, it is organized as at the good inside acicular of the braiding of β crystal boundary fragmentation and nets blue tissue mutually, as can be seen from the figure, the length-width ratio of single acicular phase〉10, and almost do not have the primary phase.
Adopt the room temperature tensile performance of the above-mentioned disk forge piece 8 of TC17 titanium alloy material manufacturing after testing, its tensile strength is 1250MPa～1260MPa, its percentage elongation is that 0.2% o'clock yield strength is 1200MPa～1210MPa, elongation after fracture is 12%～14%, the contraction percentage of area is 26%, fracture toughness is 72Mpa.m1/2, Brinell hardness HB (d)=3.21mm.
When adopting the BT25 titanium alloy material to forge, its transformation temperature is 1010 ℃ after testing.
The metallographic structure figure (microscopically amplifies 500 times) that Fig. 5 locates along the centre position, longitudinal section that center line is cut open for the ring blank 5 that adopts the BT25 titanium alloy material to obtain by above-mentioned steps 1～step 6, as can be seen from the figure, encircle the evenly tiny bifurcation tissue that is organized as of blank 5, α is isometry and distributes.
The metallographic structure figure (microscopically amplifies 500 times) that Fig. 6 locates along the centre position, longitudinal section that center line is cut open for the disk forge piece 8 that adopts the BT25 titanium alloy material to obtain by above-mentioned steps 1～step 9, it is organized as at the good inside acicular of the braiding of β crystal boundary fragmentation and nets blue tissue mutually, as can be seen from the figure, the length-width ratio of single acicular phase〉10, and almost do not have the primary phase.
Adopt the room temperature tensile performance of the above-mentioned disk forge piece 8 of BT25 titanium alloy material manufacturing after testing, its tensile strength is 1050MPa～1060MPa, and elongation after fracture is 8%～9%, and the contraction percentage of area is 16%～23%, and ballistic work is 48.9～52.7J/cm
2, Brinell hardness HB (d)=3.4mm.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of near isothermal forging method of two-phase titanium alloy disk forge piece is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Titanium alloy rod bar is become once excellent ingot by the specification blanking, heat this rod ingot to below the alloy phase height 30 ℃～75 ℃, by after this rod ingot thickness 0.8～1min/mm insulation, again this rod ingot jumping-up being made its length is to obtain cake one time after original 50%～60%, forges the back water-cooled and handles;
Heat a described cake above 20 ℃～60 ℃ to transformation temperature, press the thick 0.8～1min/mm insulation of cake after, the pulling length of getting back to described once excellent ingot obtains the excellent ingot of secondary again;
Heat described secondary rod ingot to following 30 ℃～75 ℃ of transformation temperature, after this rod ingot thickness 0.8～1min/mm insulation, again this rod ingot jumping-up being made its length is to obtain the secondary cake after original 50%～60%, and this cake is taken advantage of heat to go out centre bore and obtained encircling blank, forges the back water-cooled and handles;
Heat described ring blank to above 20 ℃～60 ℃ of transformation temperature, by this blank wall thickness 0.5～0.8min/mm insulation; Heat upper and lower forging die and after below the transformation temperature 10 ℃～20 ℃ described ring blank is put into forging die, upper and lower forging die makes it with 0.001s with the pressure forging and pressing ring blank of 30MN～60MN
-1～0.01s
-11 strain rate reaches 30%～50% back, one fire in forging die internal strain amount and is configured as disk forge piece, forges after-baking.
2, according to the near isothermal forging method of the described two-phase titanium alloy disk forge piece of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described titanium alloy is that the trade mark is the titanium alloy of TC17, it forges after-baking is that disk forge piece is heated to 800 ℃ ± 10 ℃, put in the water behind the insulation 4h and be heated to 630 ± 10 ℃ again after the cooling rapidly, the laggard line space of insulation 8h is cold.
3, according to the near isothermal forging method of the described two-phase titanium alloy disk forge piece of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described titanium alloy is that the trade mark is the titanium alloy of BT25, it forges after-baking is that disk forge piece is heated to 988 ℃ ± 10 ℃, insulation 3h disperses to be heated to 555 ℃ ± 5 ℃ again behind the air cooling, disperses air cooling behind the insulation 7h.
4, according to the near isothermal forging method of the described two-phase titanium alloy disk forge piece of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described ring blank is coated with lubricant on its surface be preheating to 200 ℃～300 ℃ earlier before adding the hot charging mould after; Described upper and lower forging die is coated with lubricant on the forging die surface before described ring blank dress mould.
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| CN2010101716260A Division CN101829749B (en) | 2008-12-25 | 2008-12-25 | Approximate isothermal forging method of BT25 two-phase titanium alloy disk forge piece |
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