CN113399608A - Forging forming method for TB6 titanium alloy special-shaped connecting piece - Google Patents
Forging forming method for TB6 titanium alloy special-shaped connecting piece Download PDFInfo
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- CN113399608A CN113399608A CN202110596591.3A CN202110596591A CN113399608A CN 113399608 A CN113399608 A CN 113399608A CN 202110596591 A CN202110596591 A CN 202110596591A CN 113399608 A CN113399608 A CN 113399608A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K29/00—Arrangements for heating or cooling during processing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy thermal deformation, and discloses a forging forming method of a TB6 titanium alloy special-shaped connecting piece, which adopts a mode of combining a fetal membrane preform and reverse isothermal forging to carry out thermal forming control on the titanium alloy special-shaped connecting piece, forms a plurality of variable cross sections and local bosses through fetal membrane blank manufacturing, strictly controls the deformation distribution in the fetal membrane blank manufacturing and isothermal forging processes, adopts 40-60% of large deformation amount for the fetal membrane blank manufacturing, adopts 20-40% of medium deformation amount for isothermal forging, and ensures full forging filling in the isothermal forging process and excellent comprehensive performance of the forging after solid solution aging heat treatment. The connecting piece forge piece prepared by the method has the advantages of full appearance size filling, high size precision, no crack and folding on the surface, high surface quality and excellent room-temperature comprehensive performance of the forge piece subjected to solution aging heat treatment. The production cost is low, and the batch stability of the connecting piece forge piece is high and the repeatability is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy thermal deformation, and particularly relates to a forging forming method of a TB6 titanium alloy special-shaped connecting piece.
Background
Generally, the forging method of titanium alloy is mainly conventional forging and hot die (isothermal) forging, wherein the conventional forging method is further divided into hammer forging and press forging. The forging hammer has high striking speed and severe local temperature rise, which easily causes uneven tissue, the common press has lower forging deformation speed and smaller heat effect, and the forging still has uneven tissue due to large temperature difference between the die and the deformation material and needs a large-tonnage press. The isothermal forging is to heat the die to the forging temperature of the forge piece, and the die is deformed at a low speed, so that the deformation dead zone caused by chilling of the die is avoided, a precise forge piece can be produced, and the whole forging process can accurately control main parameters of forging and pressing, so that the performance of the forge piece can be at the highest level, and the quality of the forge piece is more stable and reliable.
Isothermal forging techniques have been tried to form titanium alloy forgings in 1964 in the united states, and special isothermal forging equipment and hot die forging techniques have been used to produce aerospace aircraft engine turbine disks, fuel tanks and other aircraft thin wall frame pieces in the 70 s. The three-great aviation forging production plant of Wiuman Goden, Ladidus and Carmanlun in the United states has excellent equipment and advanced technology for producing high-quality titanium alloy disc parts and airplane large-scale structural forging parts. In the early 80 s, series of special hydraulic presses for isothermal forging were produced in the soviet union for isothermal forging and production of titanium alloy blades, compressor disks, aircraft structural members, powder high-temperature alloy turbine disks and the like. At present, isothermal forging technology is widely applied abroad to produce titanium alloy forgings, such as IMI834 titanium alloy compressor disks, Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy blades and the like, the German GKSS research center successfully develops the technology of isothermal forging near-gamma-TiAl alloy, and national isothermal forging hardware such as temperature controllers, constant strain rate controllers, satellite computer feedback systems and the like are mature.
The TB6(Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al) titanium alloy is a typical high-toughness metastable beta titanium alloy, is mainly characterized by low forging temperature, small deformation resistance, high specific strength, good fracture toughness, strong stress corrosion resistance and the like, and can be subjected to hot die forging or isothermal forging by using an economic die material so as to prepare various near-net-shaped high-strength titanium forgings. Therefore, the TB6 titanium alloy is widely applied to civil and military aircrafts such as boeing and airbus series aircrafts, phantom 2000, F-16, superman cats, NH90 and the like, such as an engine nacelle joint of a boeing 737 and boeing 747 aircraft, an auxiliary slat slide rail and a rotating shaft bearing shell of a boeing 757 aircraft and the like. Various parts for the airplane are successfully developed by adopting the TB6 titanium alloy in China. With the development and breakthrough of the domestic large-specification TB6 titanium alloy ingot casting smelting technology, bar preparation technology and forging isothermal forging technology, the TB6 titanium alloy is also used for preparing key components of multiple models of domestic airplanes.
At present, various models of airplanes in China all adopt TB6 titanium alloy to prepare special-shaped connecting piece forgings, the connecting piece forgings are complex in structure and are in asymmetric structures (front-back, left-right and up-down asymmetric structures), the sections of two ends of the connecting piece forgings are irregular squares, the middle transition part is in a cylinder shape with different diameters, and a plurality of bosses, steps and variable sections are arranged along the length direction of the forgings. If a mode of combining common free forging blank making and isothermal forging is adopted, when a fast forging machine is adopted to freely forge the blank, the method completely depends on personal experience of workers, the positioning accuracy of local steps is poor, the forming is difficult, and the size difference of intermediate blanks in each batch is large, so that the feeding size of the intermediate blanks is large, the machining amount is large, and the material utilization rate is low. In addition, because the isothermal forging process adopts deformation in the same direction as the blank making, the isothermal forging process is only used for forming a final shape, the isothermal forging deformation is small, the filling of a local boss and a transition fillet is not facilitated, and the mechanical property of the forging piece is difficult to ensure. Therefore, there is an urgent need for improvement of the existing free forging blank making and isothermal forging processes.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the prefabricated blank of the tire membrane of the TB6 titanium alloy special-shaped connecting piece and the reversing isothermal forging method are provided to solve the problems that a local lug boss is difficult to form in the blank manufacturing process of the existing domestic titanium alloy special-shaped connecting piece in a free forging mode, and the filling difficulty and the performance are poor due to small deformation in the isothermal forging process.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a forging forming method for a TB6 titanium alloy special-shaped connecting piece is characterized in that a square blank is forged freely, an intermediate blank is manufactured by a tire membrane, and then isothermal forging forming is carried out in a reversing mode, wherein the large deformation amount of the tire membrane blank is 40% -60%, and the medium deformation amount of the isothermal forging is 20% -40%.
The method comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing a fixed-length TB6 titanium alloy bar with the diameter phi of more than or equal to 320mm and the weight of more than or equal to 190kg, and ensuring that after the bar is subjected to multi-fire forging at a transformation point and below the transformation point, spherical or strip-shaped primary alpha phases are distributed on a typical aging beta matrix with high-power tissues, a continuous and straight crystal boundary alpha phase network and a coarse continuous crystal boundary alpha phase structure do not exist, and no beta spot exists; the surface roughness of the bar after being forged and mechanically processed and peeled is equal to or less than Ra 3.2 mu m;
the large-size bar with the diameter phi of more than or equal to 320mm and the weight of more than or equal to 190kg can ensure the forming of the final large-size airplane parts; preferably, the fire is controlled to be 8-10; the macroscopic structure is uniform, the metal streamline is obvious, the metallurgical defects such as layering, cracks, segregation and the like do not exist, and obvious fuzzy crystals are formed;
step two, freely forging a square billet:
heating the electric furnace to (T)β－30)℃～(Tβ-60) DEG C, filling the prepared TB6 titanium alloy bar in the first step at the temperature, keeping the temperature of the furnace at the temperature again, calculating the heat preservation time according to 0.6 min/mm-1.0 min/mm, drawing the square according to the required cross section, pressing a positioning step on the longer side of the cross section, strictly controlling the pressing amount to be less than or equal to 60 mm/time in the blank making process, avoiding the temperature rise of the bar, keeping the finish forging temperature to be more than or equal to 650 ℃, and performing air cooling after forging to obtain a square blank with the length dimension of L (unit mm);
step three, preparing an intermediate blank by using a fetal membrane:
cleaning the surface of the TB6 titanium alloy square billet prepared in the step two, preheating to 200 ℃, and uniformly coating a special lubricant for the TB6 titanium alloy; heated in an electric furnace to (T)β－30)℃～(Tβ-60) DEG C, putting the square billet into the furnace at the temperature, and keeping the temperature of the furnace at the temperature of 0.6-1.0 min/mmCalculating; the method comprises the following steps of (1) rapidly transferring a square billet to a tire membrane after the square billet is taken out of a furnace, adjusting the position of the square billet in the tire membrane through a positioning step, controlling the deformation amount of the square billet to be 40-60% and the deformation speed to be 1-8 mm/s, and performing air cooling after forging to obtain an intermediate billet;
step four, reversing isothermal forging forming:
cleaning the surface of the intermediate billet of the TB6 titanium alloy prepared in the third step, preheating to 200 ℃, and uniformly coating a special lubricant for the TB6 titanium alloy by using a spray gun or a manual mode; heated in an electric furnace to (T)β－ 30)℃～(Tβ-60) DEG C, filling the intermediate blanks at the temperature of the furnace, preferably, controlling the number of the intermediate blanks in each furnace to be 4-6, and keeping the temperature of the furnace at the temperature of 0.6 min/mm-1.0 min/mm; the isothermal forging die adopts sectional heating and heat preservation, the set final heat preservation temperature is consistent with that of the intermediate billet, and the consistency of the internal temperature and the external temperature of the die is ensured; the intermediate blank is discharged and then quickly transferred to an isothermal forging die, preferably, transferred within 120 s; and (3) the placing direction of the intermediate blank is vertical to the deformation direction in the third step, the mold is insulated for a period of time after being closed, isothermal forging forming is started after the instrument indicates to return to the set temperature again, the deformation amount of the intermediate blank is controlled to be 20-40%, the deformation rate is controlled to be 0.2-3 mm/s, the pressure maintaining time is controlled to be 2-5 min, and air cooling is carried out after forging.
Step five, solid solution aging treatment:
solution treatment: heating the electric furnace to (T)β－30)℃～(TβThe forged piece obtained in the fourth step is loaded at the temperature of minus 60) DEG C, the temperature is kept for 120min after the furnace temperature returns to the set temperature again, the forged piece is cooled by circulating water after being taken out of the furnace, the transfer time of the forged piece is less than or equal to 50s, and the water temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃;
aging treatment: setting the temperature of the secondary electric furnace to be 510-540 ℃, loading the solid-dissolved forge piece after the temperature is reached, keeping the temperature for 480min after the furnace temperature returns to the set temperature again, and cooling in air after aging.
And controlling the cross section of the square billet in the second step according to the width and the length of the cavity in the tire membrane to ensure that the width and the length of one side of the square billet pressing positioning step are not more than the width and the length of the cavity of the tire membrane.
And removing burrs of the intermediate blank obtained in the third step by using a milling machine, discharging defects such as cracks and folding by using a manual polishing mode, and blasting sand on the surface of the intermediate blank.
In the third step, the heating temperature of the electric furnace is controlled to be (T)β-40) DEG C, controlling the deformation of the square billet to be 50% and controlling the deformation speed to be 3-6 mm/s.
In the fourth step, the heating temperature of the electric furnace is controlled to be (T)β-40) DEG C, controlling the deformation of the intermediate blank to be 30% and controlling the deformation speed to be 1-2 mm/s.
Controlling the heating temperature of the electric furnace to be (T) during the solution treatment in the fifth stepβ-40) DEG C, and controlling the heating temperature of the electric furnace to 520-530 ℃ during aging treatment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention mainly aims at titanium alloy special-shaped connecting piece forgings widely applied to airplanes in China, and local bosses or closed corners are often not filled fully (such as circles in figures 2 and 5) and even a folding phenomenon (such as a transition area of a circle in figures 3 and 4) occurs at steps when the titanium alloy special-shaped connecting piece forgings are prepared by the conventional process (free forging blank making and isothermal forging process) at present.
The method adopts a mode of combining the fetal membrane preform and the reverse isothermal forging to carry out the thermoforming control of the titanium alloy special-shaped connecting piece, forms a plurality of variable cross sections and local bosses through the fetal membrane blank manufacturing, strictly controls the deformation distribution in the fetal membrane blank manufacturing and the isothermal forging processes, adopts 40-60% of large deformation amount for the fetal membrane blank manufacturing, adopts 20-40% of medium deformation amount for the isothermal forging, and simultaneously combines the reverse forging in the isothermal forging process to ensure the full filling of the forged piece in the isothermal forging process and the excellent comprehensive performance of the forged piece after the solution aging heat treatment.
The invention has successfully prepared the profiled connecting piece forgings of different figures of multiple batches of TB6 titanium alloy, and the prepared connecting piece forgings have the advantages of full appearance size filling, high size precision, no cracks and folds on the surface and high surface quality. The room-temperature tensile strength of the solid solution aging heat treatment forge piece is more than or equal to 1200MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 1100MPa, the longitudinal elongation is more than or equal to 8%, the transverse elongation is more than or equal to 6%, the longitudinal section shrinkage is more than or equal to 20%, the transverse section shrinkage is more than or equal to 15%, and the ultrasonic flaw detection meets the AA-grade requirement. The macrostructure is uniform and presents obvious fuzzy crystals. The high power structure is that a large number of spherical or strip-shaped primary alpha phases are distributed on a beta matrix, a continuous and straight crystal boundary alpha phase does not exist, and no beta spot exists. In addition, the method has the advantages of simple process parameter setting, convenient operation, controllable process flow, high forming efficiency, low production cost, high batch stability of the connecting piece forge piece and good repeatability. The forming method combines the fetal membrane preform and the reverse isothermal forging, so that the problems of large feeding size, low material utilization rate, poor control of the size precision of an intermediate blank and difficult forming of a local boss caused by free forging can be avoided, and the problems of insufficient filling and performance reduction caused by insufficient deformation of the isothermal forging in the same direction can be avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiment of the present invention will be briefly explained. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a green tire film preform and reverse isothermal forging of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an intermediate billet and a forging of a TB6 titanium alloy profile connector according to an embodiment of the invention; the left side is a schematic diagram of the intermediate billet, and the right side is a schematic diagram of the forged piece after isothermal forging;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an intermediate billet and a forging of a second TB6 titanium alloy profile connector according to an embodiment of the invention; the left side is a schematic diagram of the intermediate billet, and the right side is a schematic diagram of the forged piece after isothermal forging;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an intermediate billet and a forging of a tri TB6 titanium alloy profile connector according to an embodiment of the invention; the left side is a schematic diagram of the intermediate billet, and the right side is a schematic diagram of the forged piece after isothermal forging;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an intermediate billet and a forging of a four TB6 titanium alloy deformed connecting piece in the embodiment of the invention, wherein the left side is the schematic diagram of the intermediate billet, and the right side is the schematic diagram of the forging after isothermal forging; .
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Features of various aspects of embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to better understand the present invention by illustrating examples thereof. The present invention is not limited to any particular arrangement or method provided below, but rather covers all product structures, any modifications, alterations, etc. of the method covered without departing from the spirit of the invention.
In the drawings and the following description, well-known structures and techniques are not shown to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.
The specific steps and flow of the invention are described below with reference to different profile connector shapes; in the following description, well-known structures and techniques are not shown to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.
Example 1:
schematic diagrams of the prepared intermediate blank and the forging of the profiled connecting piece are shown in figure 2, and the specific steps are as follows:
firstly, adopting a fixed-length TB6 titanium alloy bar with the diameter of phi 325mm and the weight of 195kg, wherein the alloy transformation point is 805 ℃, the bar is subjected to high-low cogging and forge change through the combination of the upper phase transformation point and the lower phase transformation point, and finally, one fire is forge change three times of upsetting and drawing in a two-phase area below the transformation point, and the forge change temperature is 765 ℃. The rod material is obviously fuzzy crystal at low power, uniform in structure, obvious in metal streamline and free of metallurgical defects such as layering, cracks, segregation and the like. The high power structure is a typical aging beta matrix distributed with spherical or strip primary alpha phase, and has no continuous and straight grain boundary alpha phase network and coarse continuous grain boundary alpha phase structure and no beta spot. After the bar is forged, the bar is mechanically processed and scalped, and the surface roughness of the bar meets the requirement that Ra is less than or equal to 3.2 mu m;
step two, freely forging a square billet:
according to the phase transition point of the TB6 titanium alloy bar of the furnace, the heating temperature of the electric furnace is selected to be (T)βAnd (4) controlling the temperature to be 40 ℃ below zero, namely 765 ℃, filling the TB6 titanium alloy bars prepared in the first step after the electric furnace is warmed up, wherein the number of the bars is 8, and the heat preservation time after the furnace is warmed up again is calculated according to 0.8 min/mm. Designing a square billet with a cross section size of 260mm multiplied by 280mm multiplied by 580mm according to the width and length of a cavity in a tire membrane, drawing a square billet with a cross section of 260mm multiplied by 280mm, pressing a positioning step on one side with a cross section of 280mm of the square billet according to the step position of a connecting piece, strictly controlling the pressing amount of each time to be 60mm in the process of preparing the square billet, controlling the deformation rate, avoiding the local temperature rise of a bar, controlling the finish forging temperature to be more than or equal to 650 ℃, and performing air cooling after forging to obtain the square billet with the size of 260mm multiplied by 280mm multiplied by 580 mm.
Step three, preparing an intermediate blank by using a fetal membrane:
and D, cleaning the surface of the TB6 titanium alloy square billet prepared in the step two, preheating to 200 ℃, and uniformly spraying a special lubricating agent for the TB6 titanium alloy by using a spray gun. Heating an electric furnace to 765 deg.C, putting into square billets with the number of 4, and keeping the temperature of the furnace at 0.8 min/mm. Transferring the square billet to a tire membrane within 120s after the square billet is taken out of the furnace, adjusting the position of the square billet in the tire membrane through a positioning step, controlling the deformation amount of the square billet to be 50% and the deformation speed to be 1-2 mm/s, and performing air cooling after forging to obtain an intermediate billet. And removing burrs of the intermediate blank by using a milling machine, discharging defects such as cracks and folding by using a manual polishing mode, and blasting sand on the surface of the intermediate blank.
Step four, reversing isothermal forging forming:
cleaning the surface of the intermediate billet of the TB6 titanium alloy prepared in the third step, preheating to 200 ℃, and uniformly spraying a special lubricant for the TB6 titanium alloy in a spray gun mode. Heating to 765 deg.C with electric furnace, charging 4 intermediate blanks, and keeping the temperature for 0.8 min/mm. The isothermal forging die adopts sectional type heating and heat preservation, the set final heat preservation temperature is consistent with that of the intermediate billet, and the consistency of the inner temperature and the outer temperature of the die is ensured. And (3) rapidly transferring the intermediate blank after discharging to an isothermal forging die, keeping the placing direction of the intermediate blank vertical to the deformation direction in the third step, keeping the temperature for a period of time after die assembly, starting isothermal forging and forming after the instrument indicates to return to the set temperature again, controlling the deformation amount of the intermediate blank to be 30%, controlling the deformation rate to be 0.5-1 mm/s, controlling the pressure maintaining time to be 3min, and cooling in air after forging.
Step five, solid solution aging treatment:
solution treatment: heating an electric furnace to 765 ℃, filling the forged piece obtained in the fourth step after the temperature of the electric furnace is heated to the temperature, preserving the temperature for 120min after the temperature of the electric furnace returns to the set temperature, cooling the forged piece by circulating water after the forged piece is taken out of the furnace, wherein the tapping transfer time is less than or equal to 50s, and the water temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃;
aging treatment: setting the temperature of the secondary electric furnace to 520 ℃, loading the solid-dissolved forge piece after the temperature is reached, preserving the temperature for 480min after the furnace temperature returns to the set temperature again, and cooling in air after aging.
Example 2:
the schematic diagrams of the intermediate blank and the forging of the prepared special-shaped connecting piece are shown in figure 3, and the specific steps are as follows:
firstly, adopting a fixed-length TB6 titanium alloy bar with the diameter phi of 330mm and the weight of 220kg, wherein the alloy transformation point is 798 ℃, the bar is subjected to high-low cogging and forge change through the combination of the upper phase transformation point and the lower phase transformation point, and finally, one fire is forge change three times of upsetting and drawing in a two-phase area below the transformation point, and the forge change temperature is 768 ℃. The rod material is obviously fuzzy crystal at low power, uniform in structure, obvious in metal streamline and free of metallurgical defects such as layering, cracks, segregation and the like. The high power structure is a typical aging beta matrix distributed with spherical or strip primary alpha phase, and has no continuous and straight grain boundary alpha phase network and coarse continuous grain boundary alpha phase structure and no beta spot. After the bar is forged, the bar is mechanically processed and scalped, and the surface roughness of the bar meets the requirement that Ra is less than or equal to 3.2 mu m;
step two, freely forging a square billet:
according to the phase transition point of the TB6 titanium alloy bar of the furnace, the heating temperature of the electric furnace is selected to be (T)β-30) DEG C, namely 768 ℃, loading the TB6 titanium alloy bars prepared in the first step after the electric furnace is warmed up, wherein the number of the bars is 10, and the heat preservation time is calculated according to 0.6min/mm after the furnace is warmed up again. Designing a square billet with a cross section size of 260mm multiplied by 280mm multiplied by 655mm according to the width and length of a cavity in a tire membrane, drawing a square billet with a cross section of 260mm multiplied by 280mm, pressing a positioning step on one side with a cross section of 280mm of the square billet according to the step position of a connecting piece, strictly controlling the reduction amount of each time to be 55mm in the process of preparing the square billet, controlling the deformation rate, avoiding the local temperature rise of a bar, controlling the finish forging temperature to be more than or equal to 650 ℃, and performing air cooling after forging to obtain the square billet with the size of 260mm multiplied by 280mm multiplied by 655 mm.
Step three, preparing an intermediate blank by using a fetal membrane:
and D, cleaning the surface of the TB6 titanium alloy square billet prepared in the step two, preheating to 200 ℃, and uniformly spraying a special lubricating agent for the TB6 titanium alloy by using a spray gun. And heating the electric furnace to 768 ℃, putting the square billets into the furnace when the temperature is up to 5, and keeping the temperature of the furnace again for 0.6 min/mm. Transferring the square billet to a tire membrane within 120s after the square billet is taken out of the furnace, adjusting the position of the square billet in the tire membrane through a positioning step, controlling the deformation amount of the square billet to be 60 percent and the deformation speed to be 2-5 mm/s, and performing air cooling after forging to obtain an intermediate billet. And removing burrs of the intermediate blank by using a milling machine, discharging defects such as cracks and folding by using a manual polishing mode, and blasting sand on the surface of the intermediate blank.
Step four, reversing isothermal forging forming:
cleaning the surface of the intermediate billet of the TB6 titanium alloy prepared in the third step, preheating to 200 ℃, and uniformly spraying a special lubricant for the TB6 titanium alloy in a spray gun mode. Heating the electric furnace to 768 ℃, loading the intermediate blanks when the temperature is up, wherein the number of the intermediate blanks is 5, and the heat preservation time is calculated according to 0.6min/mm when the temperature of the furnace is up again. The isothermal forging die adopts sectional type heating and heat preservation, the set final heat preservation temperature is consistent with that of the intermediate billet, and the consistency of the inner temperature and the outer temperature of the die is ensured. And (3) rapidly transferring the intermediate blank after discharging to an isothermal forging die, keeping the placing direction of the intermediate blank vertical to the deformation direction in the third step, keeping the temperature for a period of time after die assembly, starting isothermal forging and forming after the instrument indicates to return to the set temperature again, controlling the deformation amount of the intermediate blank to be 20%, controlling the deformation rate to be 0.2-1.5 mm/s, controlling the pressure maintaining time to be 2min, and cooling in air after forging.
Step five, solid solution aging treatment:
solution treatment: heating an electric furnace to 768 ℃, loading the forge piece obtained in the fourth step after the temperature of the electric furnace reaches the temperature, preserving the temperature for 120min after the temperature of the electric furnace returns to the set temperature, discharging the forge piece out of the furnace, and cooling the forge piece by adopting circulating water, wherein the discharging transfer time is less than or equal to 50s, and the water temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃;
aging treatment: setting the temperature of the secondary electric furnace to 510 ℃, loading the solid-dissolved forge piece when the temperature is up to the temperature, preserving the temperature for 480min after the furnace temperature returns to the set temperature again, and cooling in air after aging.
Example 3:
the schematic diagrams of the intermediate blank and the forging of the prepared special-shaped connecting piece are shown in figure 4, and the specific steps are as follows:
firstly, adopting a fixed-length TB6 titanium alloy bar with the diameter phi of 330mm and the weight of 240kg, wherein the alloy transformation point is 810 ℃, the bar is subjected to high-low cogging and forging change through the combination of the upper phase transformation point and the lower phase transformation point, and finally, one fire is the two-phase region forging change three-upsetting three-drawing under the transformation point, and the forging change temperature is 760 ℃. The rod material is obviously fuzzy crystal at low power, uniform in structure, obvious in metal streamline and free of metallurgical defects such as layering, cracks, segregation and the like. The high power structure is a typical aging beta matrix distributed with spherical or strip primary alpha phase, and has no continuous and straight grain boundary alpha phase network and coarse continuous grain boundary alpha phase structure and no beta spot. After the bar is forged, the bar is mechanically processed and scalped, and the surface roughness of the bar meets the requirement that Ra is less than or equal to 3.2 mu m;
step two, freely forging a square billet:
according to the phase transition point of the TB6 titanium alloy bar of the furnace, the heating temperature of the electric furnace is selected to be (T)βAnd (4) filling the prepared TB6 titanium alloy bars in the step one after the electric furnace is warmed to 760 ℃, wherein the number of the bars is 8, and the heat preservation time after the furnace is warmed again is calculated according to 0.7 min/mm. Designing a square billet cross section ruler to be 260mm multiplied by 280mm multiplied by 714 according to the width and the length of a cavity in a fetal membranemm, drawing a square billet according to the cross section of 260mm multiplied by 280mm, pressing a positioning step on one side of the square billet with the cross section of 280mm according to the step position of the connecting piece, strictly controlling the pressing amount of each time to be 50mm in the process of manufacturing the square billet, controlling the deformation rate, avoiding the local temperature rise of the bar, and performing air cooling after forging to obtain the square billet with the size of 260mm multiplied by 280mm multiplied by 714 mm.
Step three, preparing an intermediate blank by using a fetal membrane:
and D, cleaning the surface of the TB6 titanium alloy square billet prepared in the step two, preheating to 200 ℃, and uniformly spraying a special lubricating agent for the TB6 titanium alloy by using a spray gun. And heating the electric furnace to 760 ℃, putting the square billets into the electric furnace when the temperature of the electric furnace is up to the temperature, wherein the number of the square billets is 4, and the heat preservation time of the electric furnace when the temperature of the electric furnace is up to the temperature again is calculated according to 0.7 min/mm. Transferring the square billet to a tire membrane within 120s after the square billet is taken out of the furnace, adjusting the position of the square billet in the tire membrane through a positioning step, controlling the deformation amount of the square billet to be 40 percent and the deformation speed to be 3-6 mm/s, and performing air cooling after forging to obtain an intermediate billet. And removing burrs of the intermediate blank by using a milling machine, discharging defects such as cracks and folding by using a manual polishing mode, and blasting sand on the surface of the intermediate blank.
Step four, reversing isothermal forging forming:
cleaning the surface of the intermediate billet of the TB6 titanium alloy prepared in the third step, preheating to 200 ℃, and uniformly spraying a special lubricant for the TB6 titanium alloy in a spray gun mode. Heating the electric furnace to 760 ℃, loading the intermediate blanks when the temperature is up, wherein the number of the intermediate blanks is 4, and the heat preservation time is calculated according to 0.7min/mm when the temperature of the furnace is up again. The isothermal forging die adopts sectional type heating and heat preservation, the set final heat preservation temperature is consistent with that of the intermediate billet, and the consistency of the inner temperature and the outer temperature of the die is ensured. And (3) rapidly transferring the intermediate blank after discharging to an isothermal forging die, keeping the placing direction of the intermediate blank vertical to the deformation direction in the third step, keeping the temperature for a period of time after die assembly, starting isothermal forging and forming after the instrument indicates to return to the set temperature again, controlling the deformation amount of the intermediate blank to be 40%, controlling the deformation rate to be 2-3 mm/s, controlling the pressure maintaining time to be 5min, and cooling in air after forging.
Step five, solid solution aging treatment:
solution treatment: heating an electric furnace to 760 ℃, loading the forged piece obtained in the fourth step after the temperature of the electric furnace reaches the temperature, preserving the temperature for 120min after the temperature of the electric furnace returns to the set temperature, discharging the forged piece out of the furnace, and cooling the forged piece by adopting circulating water, wherein the discharging transfer time is less than or equal to 50s, and the water temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃;
aging treatment: setting the temperature of the secondary electric furnace to 530 ℃, loading the solid-dissolved forge piece when the temperature is up to the temperature, preserving the temperature for 480min after the furnace temperature returns to the set temperature again, and cooling in air after aging.
Example 4:
the schematic diagrams of the intermediate blank and the forging of the prepared special-shaped connecting piece are shown in figure 5, and the specific steps are as follows:
firstly, adopting a fixed-length TB6 titanium alloy bar with the diameter phi of 320mm and the weight of 200kg, wherein the alloy transformation point is 812 ℃, the bar is subjected to high-low cogging and forge change through the combination of the upper transformation point and the lower transformation point, and finally, one fire is forge change three times of upsetting and three drawing in a two-phase area below the transformation point, and the forge change temperature is 752 ℃. The rod material is obviously fuzzy crystal at low power, uniform in structure, obvious in metal streamline and free of metallurgical defects such as layering, cracks, segregation and the like. The high power structure is a typical aging beta matrix distributed with spherical or strip primary alpha phase, and has no continuous and straight grain boundary alpha phase network and coarse continuous grain boundary alpha phase structure and no beta spot. After the bar is forged, the bar is mechanically processed and scalped, and the surface roughness of the bar meets the requirement that Ra is less than or equal to 3.2 mu m;
step two, freely forging a square billet:
according to the phase transition point of the TB6 titanium alloy bar of the furnace, the heating temperature of the electric furnace is selected to be (T)βAnd (4) charging the prepared TB6 titanium alloy bars in the first step after the temperature of the electric furnace is up to 752 ℃, wherein the number of the bars is 10, and the heat preservation time is calculated according to 0.8min/mm after the temperature of the furnace is up to the temperature again. Designing a square billet with a cross section size of 260mm multiplied by 280mm multiplied by 595mm according to the width and the length of a cavity in a tire membrane, drawing a square billet with a cross section of 260mm multiplied by 280mm, pressing a positioning step on one side with a cross section of 280mm of the square billet according to the step position of a connecting piece, strictly controlling the reduction of each time to be 60mm in the process of preparing the square billet, controlling the deformation rate, avoiding the local temperature rise of a bar, controlling the finish forging temperature to be more than or equal to 650 ℃, and carrying out air cooling after forging to obtain the square billet with the size of 260mm multiplied by 280mm multiplied by 595 mm.
Step three, preparing an intermediate blank by using a fetal membrane:
and D, cleaning the surface of the TB6 titanium alloy square billet prepared in the step two, preheating to 200 ℃, and uniformly spraying a special lubricating agent for the TB6 titanium alloy by using a spray gun. Heating the electric furnace to 752 ℃, putting the square billets into the furnace when the temperature of the furnace is up to the temperature, wherein the number of the square billets is 5, and the heat preservation time of the furnace when the temperature of the furnace is up to the temperature again is calculated according to 0.8 min/mm. And transferring the square billet to a tire membrane 90s after the square billet is taken out of the furnace, adjusting the position of the square billet in the tire membrane through a positioning step, controlling the deformation amount of the square billet to be 55 percent and the deformation speed to be 5-8 mm/s, and performing air cooling after forging to obtain an intermediate billet. And removing burrs of the intermediate blank by using a milling machine, discharging defects such as cracks and folding by using a manual polishing mode, and blasting sand on the surface of the intermediate blank.
Step four, reversing isothermal forging forming:
cleaning the surface of the intermediate billet of the TB6 titanium alloy prepared in the third step, preheating to 200 ℃, and uniformly spraying a special lubricant for the TB6 titanium alloy in a spray gun mode. Heating the furnace to 752 deg.C, loading into 5 pieces of intermediate blanks, and maintaining the temperature of the furnace for 0.8 min/mm. The isothermal forging die adopts sectional type heating and heat preservation, the set final heat preservation temperature is consistent with that of the intermediate billet, and the consistency of the inner temperature and the outer temperature of the die is ensured. And (3) rapidly transferring the intermediate blank after discharging to an isothermal forging die, keeping the placing direction of the intermediate blank vertical to the deformation direction in the third step, keeping the temperature for a period of time after die assembly, starting isothermal forging and forming after the instrument indicates to return to the set temperature again, controlling the deformation amount of the intermediate blank to be 25%, controlling the deformation rate to be 1-2 mm/s, controlling the pressure maintaining time to be 4min, and cooling in air after forging.
Step five, solid solution aging treatment:
solution treatment: heating an electric furnace to 752 ℃, loading the forged piece obtained in the fourth step after the temperature of the electric furnace is heated to the temperature, preserving the temperature for 120min after the temperature of the electric furnace returns to the set temperature, discharging the forged piece out of the furnace, and cooling the forged piece by adopting circulating water, wherein the discharging transfer time is less than or equal to 50s, and the water temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃;
aging treatment: setting the temperature of the secondary electric furnace to 515 ℃, loading the solid-dissolved forge piece after the temperature is reached, preserving the temperature for 480min after the furnace temperature returns to the set temperature again, and cooling in air after aging.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A forging forming method for a TB6 titanium alloy special-shaped connecting piece is characterized in that isothermal forging forming is carried out in a reversing mode after a square blank and a blank film are freely forged to form an intermediate blank, wherein the blank film forming adopts 40% -60% of large deformation, and the isothermal forging adopts 20% -40% of medium deformation.
2. The forging and forming method of the TB6 titanium alloy profiled connecting piece according to claim 1, wherein the forging and forming method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing a fixed-length TB6 titanium alloy bar with the diameter phi of more than or equal to 320mm and the weight of more than or equal to 190kg, ensuring that after the bar is subjected to multi-fire forging at a transformation point and below the transformation point, the bar has uniform macrostructure, the macrostructure is a typical aging beta matrix on which spherical or strip-shaped primary alpha phase is distributed, and a continuous and straight crystal boundary alpha phase network and a coarse continuous crystal boundary alpha phase structure do not exist, so that no beta spot exists; the surface roughness of the bar after being forged and mechanically processed and peeled is equal to or less than Ra 3.2 mu m;
step two, freely forging a square billet:
heating the electric furnace to (T)β－30)℃～(Tβ-60) DEG C, filling the prepared TB6 titanium alloy bar in the first step at the temperature, keeping the temperature of the furnace at the temperature again, calculating the heat preservation time according to 0.6 min/mm-1.0 min/mm, drawing the square according to the required cross section, pressing a positioning step on one side of a wider cross section, strictly controlling the pressing amount to be less than or equal to 60 mm/time in the blank manufacturing process, avoiding the temperature rise of the bar, keeping the finish forging temperature to be more than or equal to 650 ℃, and performing air cooling after forging to obtain a square blank with the length dimension of L;
step three, preparing an intermediate blank by using a fetal membrane:
the TB prepared in the second stepCleaning the surface of a 6 titanium alloy square billet, preheating to 200 ℃, and uniformly coating a special lubricant for TB6 titanium alloy; heated in an electric furnace to (T)β－30)℃～(Tβ-60) DEG C, putting the square billet into the furnace at the temperature, and keeping the temperature of the furnace at the temperature of 0.6-1.0 min/mm; the method comprises the following steps of (1) rapidly transferring a square billet to a tire membrane after the square billet is taken out of a furnace, adjusting the position of the square billet in the tire membrane through a positioning step, controlling the deformation amount of the square billet to be 40-60% and the deformation speed to be 1-8 mm/s, and performing air cooling after forging to obtain an intermediate billet;
step four, reversing isothermal forging forming:
cleaning the surface of the intermediate billet of the TB6 titanium alloy prepared in the third step, preheating to 200 ℃, and uniformly coating a special lubricant for the TB6 titanium alloy; heated in an electric furnace to (T)β－30)℃～(Tβ-60) DEG C, putting the intermediate blank into the furnace when the temperature is up, and keeping the temperature of the furnace again after the temperature is up to 0.6-1.0 min/mm; the isothermal forging die adopts sectional heating and heat preservation, the set final heat preservation temperature is consistent with that of the intermediate billet, and the consistency of the internal temperature and the external temperature of the die is ensured; rapidly transferring the intermediate blank after discharging to an isothermal forging die, enabling the placing direction of the intermediate blank to be vertical to the deformation direction in the third step, carrying out heat preservation after die assembly, starting isothermal forging forming after the instrument indicates to return to the set temperature again, controlling the deformation amount of the intermediate blank to be 20% -40%, controlling the deformation rate to be 0.2-3 mm/s, controlling the pressure maintaining time to be 2-5 min, and carrying out air cooling after forging;
step five, solid solution aging treatment:
solution treatment: heating the electric furnace to (T)β－30)℃～(TβThe forged piece obtained in the fourth step is loaded at the temperature of minus 60) DEG C, the temperature is kept for 120min after the furnace temperature returns to the set temperature again, the forged piece is cooled by circulating water after being taken out of the furnace, the transfer time of the forged piece is less than or equal to 50s, and the water temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃;
aging treatment: setting the temperature of the secondary electric furnace to be 510-540 ℃, loading the solid-dissolved forge piece after the temperature is reached, keeping the temperature for 480min after the furnace temperature returns to the set temperature again, and cooling in air after aging.
3. The forging and forming method of the TB6 titanium alloy profiled connecting piece according to claim 2, wherein the forging and forming method comprises the following steps: and controlling the cross section of the square billet in the second step according to the width and the length of the cavity in the tire membrane to ensure that the width and the length of one side of the square billet pressing positioning step are not more than the width and the length of the cavity of the tire membrane.
4. The forging and forming method of the TB6 titanium alloy profiled connecting piece according to claim 2, wherein the forging and forming method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the fire number is 8-10.
5. The forging and forming method of the TB6 titanium alloy profiled connecting piece according to claim 2, wherein the forging and forming method comprises the following steps: and in the second step, the number of the bars in each furnace is controlled to be 8-10.
6. The forging and forming method of the TB6 titanium alloy profiled connecting piece according to claim 2, wherein the forging and forming method comprises the following steps: and in the third step, the number of square billets in each furnace is controlled to be 4-6.
7. The forging and forming method of the TB6 titanium alloy profiled connecting piece according to claim 2, wherein the forging and forming method comprises the following steps: and removing burrs of the intermediate blank obtained in the third step by using a milling machine, discharging defects such as cracks and folding by using a manual polishing mode, and blasting sand on the surface of the intermediate blank.
8. The forging forming method for the TB6 titanium alloy special-shaped connecting piece according to claim 2, wherein the heating temperature of an electric furnace is controlled to be (T) in the third stepβ-40) DEG C, controlling the deformation of the square billet to be 50% and controlling the deformation speed to be 3-6 mm/s.
9. The forging forming method for the TB6 titanium alloy special-shaped connecting piece according to claim 2, wherein the heating temperature of an electric furnace is controlled to be (T) in the fourth stepβ-40) DEG C, controlling the deformation of the intermediate blank to be 30% and controlling the deformation speed to be 1-2 mm/s.
10. The forging forming method for the TB6 titanium alloy profiled connecting piece according to claim 2, wherein the step is carried outDuring the solution treatment in the fifth step, the heating temperature of an electric furnace is controlled to be (T)β-40) DEG C, and controlling the heating temperature of the electric furnace to 520-530 ℃ during aging treatment.
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