CN101477047A - Nonlinear absorption measuring method based on lens geometric optical imaging - Google Patents
Nonlinear absorption measuring method based on lens geometric optical imaging Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring nonlinear absorption based on geometric optical imaging of a lens. Light output by a laser is divided into monitoring light and detection light; the monitoring light is received by an energy meter probe and is used for monitoring the energy transmitted on a sample to be tested in a real-time mode; the detection light is focused by a focusing lens and then irradiates on the sample to be tested positioned at a focus or the nearby position of the focusing lens; the non-linearity leads the space distribution of the detection light which passes through the sample to change; and the change is recorded by a CCD camera through an imaging lens arranged at the rear position. A theoretical model of a measurement system which works according to the method is simple; and the method has the advantages that the method has easy data processing and quick measurement speed, reduces optical accumulation effect by single pulse measurement, has low sensitivity to the random fluctuation of laser beams, and has accurate measurement results as well as intuitive and clear experimental results, the measurement of non-linear absorption is not affected by non-linear refraction, and so on.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring method that non-linear photon is learned material that is used to measure, especially a kind of formation method of studying non-linear absorption belongs to non-linear photon and learns material and nonlinear optics field of information processing.
Background technology
Along with the develop rapidly of art such as optical communication and optical information processing, nonlinear optical material research becomes more and more important.Optical information storage, photoswitch, optical computer, and the application of Laser Processing, laser medicine and photon biology, laser detection and metering, laser spectral analysis technology, laser weapon or the like aspect all will depend on the progress of nonlinear optical material.The optical nonlinearity measuring technique is one of gordian technique of research nonlinear optical material.At present the method for measurement nonlinear optical mathematic(al) parameter commonly used Z scanning, four-wave mixing, the non-linear interferometric method of third harmonic, elliptic polarization method are arranged, based on the measurement of 4f phase coherent imaging etc.Except Z scanning and 4f phase coherent imaging method, other measuring method all needs two bundles or the above laser of two bundles, makes that the light path of measurement mechanism is complicated.Do simple introduction with regard to two kinds of the most frequently used methods below.
Z scan method (Mansoor Sheik-Bahae, Ali A.Said, Tai-Hui Wei, David J.Hagan, E.W.Van Stryland. " Sensitive measurement of optical nonlinearitiesusing a single beam ", IEEE J.Quantum Elect, 26,760-769 (1990)) be that single beam commonly used is at present measured optical non-linear method, during measurement, sample is placed on the mobile platform, the pulsed light of laser instrument output to sample, is divided into two-way by beam splitter by lens focus again, and one the tunnel surveys non-linear absorption (perforate Z scanning), another road is used for surveying nonlinear refraction (closed pore Z scanning) through small holes, wants mobile example to measure the nonlinear response under the different light intensity in measuring process.The device light path that realizes said method is simple, but this method the space distribution of laser and energy stability and sample surfaces character are had relatively high expectations, need sample to move in the measuring process in the direction of laser propagation; In addition owing to need laser repeatedly to excite, to such an extent as to cause the change damage of material character easily, experimental measurements toward contact need carry out other test judge whether reliable.
The method of measuring the third-order non-linear refractive index of material based on the 4f phase coherent imaging is to propose (G.Boudebs in 1996 by people such as GeorgesBoudebs, M.Chis, and J.P.Bour din, " Third-order susceptibility measurements by nonlinear image processing ", J.Opt.Soc.Am.B, 13,1450-1456 (1996)), measured the non-linear of material through improving to develop into several times afterwards by on the 4f system plane of incidence, adding phase diaphragm.This method is subjected to the inspiration of Zelnick phase contrast principle and proposes.It is the same with the Z scan method, also belongs to beam aberration and measures.Its ultimate principle is that nonlinear sample is placed on the frequency plane of 4f system, allows laser pass through this 4f system then.Owing to the nonlinear effect of sample, the light distribution on the 4f system exit facet will change like this.Note with the light field space distribution that CCD will change, cooperate the numerical simulation just can to obtain the nonlinear factor of material then.
Because optical field distribution is subjected to non-linear absorption and the common influence of refraction, the sample that the 4f system is used for measuring pure nonlinear refraction has higher sensitivity, has the sample of non-linear absorption that certain limitation is arranged but measure.Though can extract value (LI YunBo, SONGYingLin, WANG YuXiao, ZHANG XueRu, SUN JiangQin, YANG JunYi, the SHIGuang ﹠amp of non-linear absorption by numerical evaluation; WANG Yu, " Simultaneous measurements of nonlinear refractionand nonlinear absorption using a 4f ima ging system " (2008)), but can not obtain very visualized result, and data processing more complicated.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of measuring method of the non-linear absorption based on lens geometric optical imaging, the non-linear absorption parameter of detected material is analyzed from space angle.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of nonlinear absorption measuring method based on lens geometric optical imaging, the laser pulse beam splitting is monitoring light and detection light, shine on the testing sample after surveying light line focus lens focus, be imaged onto on the CCD camera through imaging len again, wherein, testing sample is positioned at condenser lens (focal distance f
1) focus or near, the focal length of imaging len is f
2, the distance of testing sample and imaging len is u, the CCD camera is v, then f to the distance of imaging len
2＜u＜2f
2, and 1/u+1/v=1/f
2, i.e. testing sample and CCD camera concerning to imaging len apart from the meeting geometric optical imagery; The monitoring rayed is on the energy meter probe, and its measuring process is:
(1) earlier testing sample is placed on monitoring light path energy meter probe front, preceding attenuator is set in input path, the incident light energy is adjusted to below the nonlinear threshold value of generation, record energy meter reading, take away sample, write down the energy meter reading once more, obtain the linear transmittance of testing sample by the ratio of the twice energy meter reading in front and back;
(2) testing sample is put in the detection light path, take away preceding attenuator, the back attenuator is set before the CCD camera, send out a pulse, gather one " nonlinear images " with the CCD camera, write down the energy meter reading simultaneously, determine to incide energy on the testing sample according to monitoring light and the splitting ratio of surveying light; Take away the back attenuator, preceding attenuator is set, send out a pulse, gather one " linear image " with the CCD camera;
(3) linear image and the nonlinear images of above-mentioned acquisition are handled, obtained the non-linear absorption coefficient of testing sample.
In the technique scheme, processing in the described step (3) comprises, after linear image and nonlinear images removed ground unrest, import as the space with linear image, according to the absorption approach of thin sample, calculate the space distribution of sample rear surface, change the non-linear absorption coefficient value and carry out match, coefficient when wherein, making the space distribution of sample rear surface and the nonlinear images that collects overlap preferably is exactly the non-linear absorption coefficient of testing sample.
In the technique scheme, incident laser pulse adopts beam splitter to carry out beam splitting, and wherein, monitoring light according to the splitting ratio of beam splitter, can be known the energy that incide sample on by the energy that the energy meter probe receives through being received by the energy meter probe behind the beam splitter.
In the technique scheme, the attenuation multiple of described detection light before being received by CCD is more than or equal to 100, and the dynamic range of CCD is more than or equal to 12.
In the technical scheme of the present invention, detection illumination is mapped to and makes it produce nonlinear response on the testing sample, be that physical characteristics changes, the light field space distribution of sample rear surface will be by the imaging len direct imaging to CCD, utilize the space distribution of the detection light that CCD receives, can analyze the nonlinear response situation of the testing sample under different projectile energies, in addition, if testing sample is placed on the focal position of condenser lens, size that can also be by measuring imaging facula is the size of definite waist radius directly.
The inventive method has realized measurement to the material nonlinearity absorption parameter with a kind of brand-new thinking, compares with other nonlinear optics measuring techniques (as the Z scan method, the 4f system), has the following advantages:
This method adopt single-pulse measurement, do not have movement of sample, low to the random fluctuation susceptibility of laser beam, measure accurately, speed is fast.With change intake in the prior art, calculate non-linear absorption coefficient by the variation of measuring transmission potential, the pulse of a plurality of different-energies of need just can be finished the method for measurement and compare, the present invention mainly utilizes the space distribution of pulse to measure, be that the monopulse imaging method is measured, can be used for measuring the dynamic process of the nonlinear refractive index of material with the time shutter variation.
2. simple, less demanding to light path of the light path of this method, as long as testing sample apart from the distance of imaging len greater than one times focal length less than two times of focal lengths, and sample and CCD camera getting final product to imaging len apart from meeting geometric optical imagery relation, the monitoring light path has only an energy meter probe, and is very simple.
3. this method is measured each only the needs and is gathered a hot spot, and the more common 4f phase coherence imaging system of data processing is simple a lot, and sample also needn't accurately be placed on focal plane position, does not need to carry out numerical simulation with Fu Li leaf optics.
4. the measurement of non-linear absorption is not subjected to the influence of nonlinear refraction, intuitive measurement results understands, and non-linear absorption and refraction are interactive in the common 4f phase coherence imaging system.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the fundamental diagram based on the measuring method of the non-linear absorption of lens geometric optical imaging in the embodiment of the invention one;
Accompanying drawing 2 is linear image space distributions that the CCD camera collects in the embodiment of the invention one;
Accompanying drawing 3 is nonlinear images space distributions that the CCD camera collects in the embodiment of the invention one;
Accompanying drawing 4 is fitting results that nonlinear images x (y=0) director space distributes in the embodiment of the invention one;
Accompanying drawing 5 is fitting results that nonlinear images y (x=0) director space distributes in the embodiment of the invention one.
Wherein: 1, incoming laser beam; 2, condenser lens; 3, beam splitter; 4, monitoring light path; 5, testing sample; 6, imaging len; 7, back attenuator; 8, CCD camera; 9, survey light path; 10, energy meter probe; 11, preceding attenuator.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is further described:
Embodiment one: shown in accompanying drawing 1, a kind of measuring method of the non-linear absorption based on lens geometric optical imaging, based on monitoring light path 4 and detection light path 9, monitoring light path 4 comprises energy meter probe 10, being used for monitoring in real time incides energy on the testing sample, testing sample is positioned near the focal plane of condenser lens 2, surveys light path 9 and comprises imaging len 6 and back attenuator 7 and CCD camera 8.Testing sample 5 apart from the distance of imaging len 6 greater than one times focal length less than two times of focal lengths, and testing sample 5 and CCD camera 8 to imaging len 6 apart from the meeting geometric imaging relations.
Utilize beam splitter 3 the laser pulse beam splitting of incoming laser beam 1 to monitoring light path 4 and surveying light path 9, incident light focuses on through condenser lens 2 and shines on the testing sample 5, is received by CCD 8 through imaging len 6 and back attenuator 7 again.Detection illumination is mapped to and makes it produce nonlinear response on the testing sample 5, be that physical characteristics changes, the light field space distribution of sample rear surface by imaging len 6 direct imagings to CCD camera 8, utilize the space distribution of the detection light that CCD camera 8 receives, can analyze the nonlinear response situation of the testing sample under different projectile energies, in addition, if testing sample is placed on the focal position of condenser lens 2, can also directly determine the size of waist radius by measuring spot size that the CCD camera receives.
In the present embodiment, laser beam is Nd:YAG laser instrument (Ekspla, PL2143B) the later 532nm laser of frequency multiplication, pulsewidth 21ps (FWHM).CCD camera pixel size 6.4 * 6.4 μ m
2, each pixel has 4095 grades of gray scales.Testing sample is ZnSe.The detection step is as follows:
The first step: utilize beam splitter 3 that laser pulse 1 is divided into monitoring light path 4 and imaging optical path 9, earlier testing sample 5 is placed on and monitors light path energy meter 10 fronts of popping one's head in, be transferred to the incident light energy very low so that do not produce non-linear, record energy meter reading, take away testing sample 5, write down the energy meter reading once more, obtain the linear transmittance of testing sample by the ratio of the twice energy meter reading in front and back;
Second step: testing sample 5 is placed on position shown in the accompanying drawing 1 (promptly surveying in the light path), and attenuator 11 before taking away keeps back attenuator 7, sends out a pulse, gathers one " nonlinear images " with the CCD camera, notes the reading of energy meter probe 10 simultaneously; Take away back attenuator 7, attenuator 11 before keeping is sent out a pulse, gathers one " linear image " with the CCD camera.
The 3rd step: after linear image and nonlinear images removed ground unrest, with the linear image space distribution as input signal, according to the nonlinear propagation theory of laser in thin sample, calculate the space distribution of sample rear surface, the nonlinear images space distribution that collects with experiment compares and obtains non-linear absorption coefficient.Experiment and the Theoretical Calculation detailed process measured for the ZnSe non-linear absorption coefficient are as follows:
Survey light communication satisfaction in sample
Definition α is a linear absorption coefficient, and α=log (1/Tl)/L, Tl are the linear transmittance of testing sample, and β is non-linear absorption coefficient (being the two-photon absorption coefficient here), when testing sample is counted as approaching sample, and the outgoing electric field I in the sample rear surface
L(x, y t) can be expressed as
I
L(x，y，t)＝I(x，y，t)e
-αL[1+q(x，y，t)]
-1 (2)
Wherein q (x, y, t)=β L
EffI (x, y, t), L
Eff=(1-e
-α L)/α, L are sample thickness, and (x, y t) are the interior light distribution of sample to I.The image that the CCD camera is collected be the energy distributions F that surveys light (x, y),
For different incident laser energies, because the existence of non-linear absorption is arranged, the energy distributions difference of the image that the CCD camera is collected, space with linear image can distributions be imported as the space, according to equation (2) (3), can numerical evaluation obtain the energy distributions on the CCD, change different non-linear absorption coefficient values, the energy distributions that numerical evaluation is obtained on the CCD compares with the energy distributions of testing the nonlinear images that collects, in the time of the difference of them minimum, the value of this moment is exactly the non-linear absorption coefficient value of sample.
Accompanying drawing 2 is linear image space distributions that the CCD camera collects in the ZnSe experiment; Accompanying drawing 3 is nonlinear images space distributions that the CCD camera collects in the experiment; To obtain non-linear absorption coefficient be β=6cm/GW in match as stated above; Accompanying drawing 4 is fitting results that nonlinear images x (y=0) director space distributes; Accompanying drawing 5 is fitting results that y (x=0) director space distributes.
Claims (4)
1. nonlinear absorption measuring method based on lens geometric optical imaging, it is characterized in that: the laser pulse beam splitting is monitoring light and detection light, shine on the testing sample after surveying light line focus lens focus, be imaged onto on the CCD camera through imaging len again, wherein, testing sample is positioned at the focus of condenser lens, and the focal length of imaging len is f
2, the distance of testing sample and imaging len is u, the CCD camera is v, then f to the distance of imaging len
2＜u＜2f
2, and 1/u+1/v=1/f
2The monitoring rayed is on the energy meter probe, and its measuring process is:
(1) earlier testing sample is placed on monitoring light path energy meter probe front, preceding attenuator is set in input path, the incident light energy is adjusted to below the nonlinear threshold value of generation, record energy meter reading, take away sample, write down the energy meter reading once more, obtain the linear transmittance of testing sample by the ratio of the twice energy meter reading in front and back;
(2) testing sample is put in the detection light path, take away preceding attenuator, the back attenuator is set before the CCD camera, send out a pulse, gather one " nonlinear images " with the CCD camera, write down the energy meter reading simultaneously, determine to incide energy on the testing sample according to monitoring light and the splitting ratio of surveying light; Take away the back attenuator, preceding attenuator is set, send out a pulse, gather one " linear image " with the CCD camera;
(3) linear image and the nonlinear images of above-mentioned acquisition are handled, obtained the non-linear absorption coefficient of testing sample.
2. the nonlinear absorption measuring method based on lens geometric optical imaging according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the processing in the described step (3) comprises, after linear image and nonlinear images removed ground unrest, import as the space with linear image, absorption approach according to thin sample, calculate the space distribution of sample rear surface, change the non-linear absorption coefficient value and carry out match, coefficient when wherein, making the space distribution of sample rear surface and the nonlinear images that collects overlap preferably is exactly the non-linear absorption coefficient of testing sample.
3. the nonlinear absorption measuring method based on lens geometric optical imaging according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: monitoring light is through being received by the energy meter probe behind the beam splitter, according to the splitting ratio of beam splitter, the energy that receives by energy meter probe determines to incide the energy on the sample.
4. the nonlinear absorption measuring method based on lens geometric optical imaging according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the attenuation multiple of described detection light before being received by CCD is more than or equal to 100, and the dynamic range of CCD is more than or equal to 12.
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