CN105403533A - Multi-channel material optical nonlinearity measurement method - Google Patents
Multi-channel material optical nonlinearity measurement method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses application of a multi-channel optical nonlinearity measurement technology to measure the third-order nonlinear refraction coefficient of a medium. According to the present invention, with numerical simulation, a linear relationship is formed in the range of 0-0.65; in the experiment, the results of a sample to be measured and a standard sample can be directly measured, and by using the linear range, the third-order nonlinear refraction coefficients of a plurality of samples to be measured can be measured through the measuring, such that the complex fitting calculation required by the original single-4f system is avoided; and the experiment results verify that the method of the present invention is correct.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one and can measure the nonlinear technology of multiple materials optical simultaneously.
Background technology
Along with the develop rapidly of the art such as optical communication and optical information processing, nonlinear photon investigation of materials becomes more and more important.The realization of the functions such as light logic, optical storage, optical transistor, photoswitch depends on the progress of nonlinear photon material.The measuring technique of Medium Optics nonlinear parameter is the gordian technique of research nonlinear optical material.The research of optical nonlinearity material is then needed by means of various optical nonlinearity measuring technique.Conventional measuring method has Z scanning, 4f system coherent imaging technology, Mach-Zehnder interferometric method, degeneration four-wave mixing, third harmonic method, Ellipsometric, phase object Z-scan etc.Wherein Z scan method (MansoorSheik-Bahae, AliA.Said, Tai-HuiWei, DavidJ.Hagan, E.W.VanStryland. " Sensitivemeasurementofopticalnonlinearitiesusingasingleb eam ", IEEEJ.QuantumElect, 26,760-769 (1990)) there is the advantage such as size and symbol that experimental provision is simple, highly sensitive, can measure non-linear absorption and nonlinear refraction simultaneously, become most widely used a kind of optical nonlinearity measuring method.But this measuring method needs sample in the movement in laser propagation direction, needs laser repeatedly to excite, inapplicable to the material of film and easy damaged.4f phase coherence imaging system (G.BoudebsandS.Cherukulappurath, " Nonlinearopticalmeasurementsusinga4fcoherentimagingsyste mwithphaseobject ", Phys.Rev.A, 69,053813 (2004)) be a kind of new method measuring nonlinear refraction coefficient of materials proposed in recent years.Light path is simple, highly sensitive, single-pulse measurement to utilize the nonlinear refraction of 4f phase coherent imaging commercial measurement to have, and moves, to energy of light source stability requirement not advantages of higher without the need to sample.But this method needs to compare complicated process to the image gathered, and higher to the requirement of CCD, adds the cost of measuring method.Phase object Z-scan(JunyiYangandYinglinSong, " Directobservationofthetransientthermallensingeffectusing thePOZ-scan ", 34,157-159 (2009)) be exactly on the basis of original traditional Z-scan, add a phase object in the position of the front focal plane of lens.Compared with traditional Z-scan, the result of measured nonlinear refraction coefficient of materials becomes unimodal or single paddy characteristic curve by the peak valley characteristic curve of traditional Z-scan.The same with traditional Z-scan, this measuring method also needs sample in the movement in laser propagation direction, needs laser repeatedly to excite, easy attacking material.On the basis of PO-Z scanning technique, what developed a kind of easier research material optical nonlinearity contains phase object Transmissivity measurement technology (T-PO) (JunyiYang, XueruZhang, YuxiaoWang, MinShui, ChangweiLi, XiaoJin, andYinglinSong, " Methodwithaphaseobjectformeasurementofopticalnonlinearit ies ", OpticsLetters, 34,2513-2515 (2009)).By placing an aperture in far field, according to the normalized nonlinear transmitance of gained through numerical simulation, the third-order non-linear refractive index of sample can be drawn.This method has that single beam is measured, light path is simple, can measure the size of nonlinear refraction and symbol simultaneously, without the need to the advantage such as movement of sample.But these above-mentioned measurement mechanisms all can only measure the optical nonlinearity of a material at every turn, and all need the optical nonlinearity coefficient that just can obtain sample through loaded down with trivial details numerical simulation calculation after measuring.
Multi-channel optical nonlinear measurement technology utilizes phase object to achieve the measurement that multiple sample carries out optical nonlinearity simultaneously dexterously.And the Multi-channel optical nonlinear measurement technology that we newly propose is several same optical path in parallel in former POZ-scanning optical path, measure while just realizing that optical nonlinearity is carried out to multiple sample well, and do not need complicated the Fitting Calculation.
Summary of the invention
A kind of Multi-channel optical nonlinear measurement technology provided by the invention, this technology can measure the optical nonlinearity of multiple sample simultaneously, also can effectively measure and distinguish size and the symbol of the third-order non-linear refraction coefficient of medium, not need complicated loaded down with trivial details the Fitting Calculation.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: scan POZ-scanning optical path identical parallel connection four in main optical path at original POZ-.In three main optical paths, place testing sample, reference path places reference sample.Third-order non-linear refraction coefficient can be recorded compared with being changed with the non-linear transmissivity of reference sample by testing sample, thus avoid the Fitting Calculation.
The measurement utilizing Multi-channel optical nonlinear measurement technology to carry out nonlinear refractive index divides two parts to carry out, i.e. energy calibration and nonlinear measurement.The concrete steps of nonlinear measurement are:
(1) when not setting-out product, measure the actual energy of four light paths, and compared with the first detector D1 energy, obtain ratio.Namely energy calibration is carried out;
(2) reference sample and testing sample is put in the focal plane position of the lens of reference sample light path and testing sample light path respectively, reference sample and three testing samples, then before the first beam splitter, an attenuator is put into, with four detector measurement pulsed light energies, and calculate respectively the second detector D2 survey energy and third and fourth and five detector D3, D4 and D5 survey energy and the first detector D1 survey the ratio of energy;
(3) attenuator is removed, with four detector measurement pulsed light energies, and calculate respectively the second detector D2 survey energy and third and fourth and five detector D3, D4 and D5 survey energy and the first detector D1 survey the ratio of energy;
(4) to step (1) and (2) in the ratio that obtains carry out simple mathematics manipulation, the optical nonlinear refraction coefficient of the test material needed for acquisition.
In technique scheme, described step (3) in process comprise, respectively just step (2) in the reference sample that obtains and testing sample ratio and step (1) in corresponding being divided by of ratio that obtain, thus get standard samples and the normalized nonlinear transmission of testing sample, the nonlinear refractive index that simple mathematics manipulation just can obtain testing sample is carried out to the normalized nonlinear transmission of testing sample and standard model.
In technique scheme, the phase delay of described phase object is 0.25 π ~ 0.75 π, and size is 0.05 ~ 0.5 times of the hot spot waist radius incided on phase object.
Preferred technical scheme, when the phase delay of described phase object is 0.47 π, when size is 0.1 times of launching spot waist radius, the measuring accuracy of system to nonlinear refraction reaches the highest.Its size and phase delay can regulate according to actual conditions.
The size of the radius of the aperture in technique scheme before the second detector and third and fourth and the 5th detector equals the radius size of the far field construction hot spot of phase object.
In each light path of technical scheme of the present invention, after nonlinear sample is subject to the effect of pulsed light, the refractive properties of material changes, and produces optical nonlinearity, and the nonlinear phase shift that sample produces changes with the change of the light intensity of laser.Like this, the phase object of a change is just equivalent at focal plane place sample.According to phase contrast principle, in far field, the change of nonlinear phase shift just shows as the change of optical field amplitude in phase object diffraction pattern, thus will cause the change of the transmitance of aperture.In addition, the change of amplitude is relevant with the refraction symbol of material nonlinearity.If nonlinear refraction is self-focusing, the normalized transmitance of aperture is just greater than 1, otherwise, be just less than 1.So, in focal plane position, without the need to mobile example, by measuring the normalized nonlinear transmission of aperture, the nonlinear refractive index of each sample and the nonlinear refraction symbol of material in four light paths just can be obtained.Theory calculate shows in addition, when nonlinear phase shift meets, aperture normalized nonlinear transmitance and nonlinear phase shift change can be similar to think linear relationship, like this by the normalized nonlinear transmitance of three normalized nonlinear transmissions of testing sample and reference sample is compared, without the need to numerical simulation, the nonlinear refractive index of three testing samples just directly can be obtained.
The inventive method achieves by a kind of brand-new thinking and measures multiple sample optical nonlinearity simultaneously, compares, have the following advantages with other nonlinear optics measuring techniques:
1. instant invention overcomes measuring technique in the past and can only measure the shortcoming of a sample at every turn, multiple sample can be measured simultaneously, save Measuring Time;
2. in measuring process of the present invention, sample, without the need to movement, solves the problem of testing sample easy damaged;
3. measuring method of the present invention is very convenient, without the need to loaded down with trivial details numerical simulation calculation;
4. can measure the size of sample nonlinear refraction and the symbol of nonlinear refraction simultaneously;
5. measuring method of the present invention, the research fields such as the nonlinear optics measurement of material, nonlinear photon material, nonlinear optics information processing and photonic device can be widely used in, especially the key link such as test and modification of nonlinear optical functional material.Utilize the inventive method, greatly can reduce Measuring Time, once can measure 3 samples, and can ensure that test parameter is comprehensive, test result is accurate.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the phase object schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention one.
Accompanying drawing 2 is fundamental diagrams of the Multi-channel optical nonlinear measurement technology in the embodiment of the present invention one.
Accompanying drawing 3 is the variation relation curves with nonlinear phase shift of the normalized nonlinear transmitance T in the embodiment of the present invention one
Wherein: 1, laser instrument; 2, the first beam splitter; 3, the first lens; 4, the first detector; 5,1/2 slide; 6, polaroid; 7, phase object; 8, the second beam splitter; 9, the second lens 10, reference sample; 11, the first aperture; 12, the second detector; 13, the 3rd beam splitter; 14, the 3rd lens; 15, testing sample 1; 16, second orifice; 17, the 3rd detector; 18, the 3rd beam splitter; 19, the 3rd lens; 20, testing sample 2; 21, the 3rd aperture; 22 the 4th detectors; 23, catoptron; 24, the 4th convex lens; 25, testing sample 3; 26, the 4th aperture; 27, the 5th detector.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described:
Embodiment one: shown in accompanying drawing 2, a kind of Multi-channel optical nonlinear measurement technology, optical routing phase object, beam splitter, convex lens, catoptron, aperture, detector forms; Pulse laser focusing is on reference sample and testing sample.
Laser pulse 1 is divided into two-beam by beam splitter 2, the energy of monitoring light is received by the first detector 4 after the first lens 3 are assembled, light beam is through 1/2 slide 5 in addition, after polaroid 6 and phase object 7, again two-beam is divided into by the second beam splitter 8, light beam is focused on reference sample 10 by lens 9, then is detected by the second detector 12 through the first aperture 11.Another light beam is divided into two bundles by beam splitter 13, a branch ofly reflexes on the second convex lens 14, then focuses on testing sample 1 by lens 14, and the light beam after transmission is received by the 3rd detector 17 after second orifice 16.Another light beam is divided into two bundles by beam splitter 18, a branch ofly reflexes on the 3rd convex lens 19, then focuses on testing sample 2 by lens 19, and the light beam after transmission is received by the 4th detector 22 after the 3rd aperture 21.Another light beam is reflexed on the 4th convex lens 24 by catoptron 23, then focuses on testing sample 25 by lens 24, and the light beam after transmission is received by the 4th detector 27 after the 4th aperture 26.
In the present embodiment, laser beam is the later 532nm laser of Nd:YAG laser instrument (Ekspla, PL2143B) frequency multiplication, pulsewidth 21ps.The detector that model is (Rjp-765energyprobe) is connected to energy meter (Rj-7620ENERGYRATIOMETER, Laserprobe).Testing sample is DMF, toluene and DMSO, and reference sample is CS
2.
Concrete detecting step is: (1) not setting-out product, first write down by the energy of each detector, and by detector energy that D2-D5 surveys divided by detector energy that D1 surveys, the ratio that obtains is T
0i.(2) each sample is placed on the focal position of corresponding convex lens, before then an attenuator being placed on the first beam splitter 2, each detector energy of acquisition is divided by detector energy that D1 detects, and the ratio that obtains is T
1i.(3) after attenuator being removed, each detector D2-D5 energy of acquisition divided by detector energy that D1 detects, obtain the nonlinear transmission T that ratio is four samples
ni.(3) by the ratio of the linear ratio of the sample in step (2) divided by the n.s. sample in step (1), the linear transmittance T of sample is obtained
lini.Again by the linear ratio of the non-linear ratio of the testing sample in step (3) divided by the sample in step (2), obtain the normalized nonlinear transmitance of sample.(4) according to the normalized nonlinear transmitance of the reference sample obtained in step (3) and testing sample, the nonlinear refractive index of testing sample is drawn.
Experimental and theoretical computation detailed process for DMF nonlinear measurement is as follows:
At sample containing in non-linear absorption situation, there is nonlinear phase shift φ
nL=kn
2ln (1+q)/β, wherein q=β IL
eff, β is the non-linear absorption coefficient of sample, and I is the peak light intensity of sample place pulse laser, L
eff=(T
0-1) L/lnT
0for effective thickness of sample, T0 is the linear transmittance of sample.As q<1, there is φ by Taylor series expansion
nL=kn
2iL
eff(1-q/2), at this moment β can pass through
obtain, here T
perforatetesting sample normalized nonlinear transmitance when referring to do not have far field aperture.Can find out in embodiment one Fig. 3, as-0.2 π < φ
nLduring <0.7 π, normalized nonlinear transmitance and nonlinear phase shift change can be similar to think linear relationship, work as φ
nLwhen=0, normalized nonlinear transmitance is 1.We can obtain thus
here standard model is identical with the axle upward peak light intensity I of testing sample, and the non-linear absorption of institute's accepted standard sample is negligible.Finally, we can derive and draw:
When the non-linear absorption of testing sample is very weak can ignore time, have q
treat=0, then have:
From what has been discussed above, can find out, as long as get standard samples and the normalized nonlinear transmitance of testing sample, just can pass through the nonlinear refractive index of formula (1) or (2) acquisition sample.
First, four samples are not put, and can obtain an empty energy ratio T like this
0i, and D1 compares, and then, four samples is placed on the focal plane of lens simultaneously, adds an attenuator, obtain transmitance T
li.Then, by T
lidivided by T
0ijust can obtain the linear transmittance T of material
lini.Finally attenuator is removed, just can obtain the nonlinear transmission T of material
ni, by T
nidivided by T
0ijust can obtain the normalized nonlinear transmitance of each sample.During measurement under n.s. state, the ratio measuring 4 detectors and D1 is 0.029.When putting sample, and after adding attenuator, measure the linear ratio T of four samples
libe 0.028, the linear transmittance that can obtain four samples is about 0.97.When after removal attenuator, laser energy is approximately 300nJ (peak light intensity I
0=1.63GW/cm
2) time, CS
2nonlinear transmission be 0.047.The nonlinear transmission of DMF is 0.032, and the nonlinear transmission of toluene is the nonlinear transmission of 0.041, DMSO is 0.031.Then for CS2 and 3 testing sample, we can obtain, CS
2normalized nonlinear transmitance be
and the normalized nonlinear transmitance of DMF is T
n dMF=0.032/0.029=1.103, the normalized nonlinear transmitance of toluene is T
n toluenethe normalized nonlinear transmitance of=0.036/0.029=1.24, DMSO is, T
n dMSO=0.031/0.029=1.07, normalized nonlinear transmission is all greater than 1, illustrates that nonlinear refraction symbol is just.Utilize formula (2), the nonlinear refractive index that we can obtain DMF is
The nonlinear refractive index of toluene is
the nonlinear refractive index of DMSO is
Here we think L
effequal.
Claims (5)
1. a multi-channel measurement materials optical non-linear method, is characterized in that first by the first beam splitter, laser beam being divided into two bundles, and a branch of is monitoring light, by the first detector D
1record; Another light beam is after phase object, two bundles are divided into again through the second beam splitter, a branch of through the first lens focus on reference sample, reference sample is made to produce optical nonlinearity, another bundle is divided into two bundles through the 3rd beam splitter again, a branch of through the second lens focus on testing sample 1, on the second lens focus to testing sample 1, make testing sample 1 produce optical nonlinearity; Light through the 4th beam splitter, is divided into two bundles by another beam of laser again, a branch ofly on the 3rd lens focus to testing sample 2, makes testing sample 2 produce optical nonlinearity; Another Shu Jing tetra-lens focus to testing sample 3 make testing sample 3 produce optical nonlinearity; Described testing sample and reference sample are all arranged on the focal plane of light path lens; Through the pulsed light of reference sample outgoing by entering the second detector D after the aperture of a center and optical axis coincidence
2; The pulsed light of outgoing after testing sample 1,2 and 3 is by entering third and fourth and the 5th detector D3, D4 and D5 after the aperture of a center and optical axis coincidence; Phase object, 1/2 slide is provided with in the light path between first beam splitter and the second beam splitter of detection light, and a polaroid; It is characterized in that: the optical nonlinearity simultaneously measuring multiple sample by a system, measuring process is:
(1) reference sample and testing sample is put in the focal plane position of the lens of reference sample light path and testing sample light path respectively, reference sample and three testing samples, then before the first beam splitter, an attenuator is put into, with four detector measurement pulsed light energies, and calculate the second detector D respectively
2survey energy and third and fourth and five detector D
3, D
4and D
5survey energy and the first detector D
1survey the ratio of energy;
(2) attenuator is removed, with four detector measurement pulsed light energies, and calculate respectively the second detector D2 survey energy and third and fourth and five detector D3, D4 and D5 survey energy and the first detector D1 survey the ratio of energy;
(3) to step (1) and (2) in the ratio that obtains carry out simple mathematics manipulation, finally can draw
, obtain the nonlinear refractive index of testing sample.
2. Multi-channel optical nonlinear measurement technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step (3) in mathematics manipulation be, respectively by step (2) in the reference sample that obtains and three testing samples ratio and step (1) in corresponding being divided by of ratio that obtain, thus obtain reference sample and the normalized nonlinear transmission of testing sample, the nonlinear refractive index that simple mathematics manipulation just can obtain testing sample is carried out to the normalized nonlinear transmission of testing sample and standard model.
3. Multi-channel optical nonlinear measurement technology according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described phase object is between the first beam splitter 3 and the second beam splitter 7.
4. Multi-channel optical nonlinear measurement technology according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the phase delay of described phase object is 0.25 π ~ 0.75 π, and size is 0.05 ~ 0.5 times of the hot spot waist radius incided on phase object.
5. Multi-channel optical nonlinear measurement technology according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the size of the radius of the aperture before described second detector and third and fourth and the 5th detector equals the radius size of the far field construction hot spot of phase object.
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| CN105870773A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-08-17 | 华南理工大学 | System and method for realizing bi-directional optical-path switching and bi-directional optical switch |
| CN105973848A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-09-28 | 华东师范大学 | Method for measuring ultraviolet low transmittance |
| CN106645226A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-05-10 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 | Parallel CT (computed tomography) collection system |
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| CN105870773A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-08-17 | 华南理工大学 | System and method for realizing bi-directional optical-path switching and bi-directional optical switch |
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| CN111426446A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-17 | 空气动力学国家重点实验室 | Multichannel focusing laser differential interferometer |
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