CN101471603A - DC-DC buck converter and ripple improvement circuit - Google Patents
DC-DC buck converter and ripple improvement circuit Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种直流到直流降压转换器及其纹波改善电路,特别涉及一种可以改善输出纹波的直流到直流降压转换器及其纹波改善电路。The invention relates to a DC-to-DC step-down converter and a ripple improvement circuit thereof, in particular to a DC-to-DC step-down converter capable of improving output ripple and a ripple improvement circuit thereof.
背景技术 Background technique
现今的电子产品对工作电压的要求越来越高,常用的一些电源电压已经无法满足许多电子产品的要求。而在现在的电源设计中,越来越多的用到电压转换电路。如电源电压是以中央处理器(CPU)、DIMM(Dual Inline MemoryModule,双列直插内存模块)等为负载时,往往需要将电源的输入电压转换为适合负载工作的输出电压,从而才能使负载正常工作。Today's electronic products have higher and higher requirements for operating voltage, and some commonly used power supply voltages can no longer meet the requirements of many electronic products. In the current power supply design, more and more voltage conversion circuits are used. For example, when the power supply voltage is based on the central processing unit (CPU), DIMM (Dual Inline Memory Module, dual inline memory module), etc., it is often necessary to convert the input voltage of the power supply to an output voltage suitable for the load to make the load normal work.
在使用比较器与RS触发器组合构成反馈的直流到直流降压转换电路(BUCK电路)中,如图8所示,需要使用振荡器(Osillator)921为触发器909提供触发信号。通常通过振荡器921来确定输入到触发器信号的幅度与频率,并由触发器909输出高/低电平来控制开关的导通与闭合。在直流到直流降压转换电路901工作时,通过开关903的导通与闭合,使输入电压通过电感L并输出稳定的输出电压Vout。但是通过电感L的电流是一个直流与一个纹波电流(ripple)叠加而成的,此纹波电流是在开关的导通与闭合时产生的。为了得到一个真正的直流输出以及使电源系统正常地运作,应尽可能地减小此纹波电流。一般的解决方法是通过在输出端加多个输出电容的等效串联电阻,使纹波电流通过电容流入地。但是这种方法具有较高的成本。In a DC-to-DC step-down conversion circuit (BUCK circuit) that uses a combination of a comparator and an RS flip-flop to form feedback, as shown in FIG. 8 , an oscillator (Osillator) 921 needs to be used to provide a trigger signal for the flip-
中国台湾专利申请第0057836号发明揭示了一种供直流到直流转换器使用的合成纹波调整器100。如图1所示,此合成纹波调整器100可产生一个辅助电压波形,而辅助电压波形可有效复制通过输出电感器101的波形纹波电流,并使用辅助电压波形控制比较器103的转换。图2为图1的合成纹波调整器100的一种实施例,跨导放大器201监控穿过电感器203的电压,并向纹波波形电容器205提供一个代表电感器电压的电流,从而产生辅助电压波形。使用复制电感器电流进行纹波调节以使低输出纹波、输入电压前馈及简单化补偿。Taiwan Patent Application No. 0057836 discloses a synthesized
中国台湾专利申请第0057836号发明有效地减小了纹波输出,但是其采用了多个元器件,也具有较高的成本。且此发明并不适用于比较器与RS触发器组合构成反馈的直流到直流降压转换电路。The invention of Taiwan Patent Application No. 0057836 effectively reduces the ripple output, but it uses multiple components and components, which also has a relatively high cost. Moreover, this invention is not applicable to a DC-to-DC step-down conversion circuit in which a comparator and an RS flip-flop are combined to form a feedback.
中国台湾专利申请第0057836号文件揭示了一种直流对直流升压转换装置,如图3所示,其包含升压电路301、环形振荡器303、分压电路305、脉冲频率调变(PFM)比较器307、逻辑控制单元309。升压电路301用以将工作电压进行升压以产生直流输出电压。环形振荡器303用以产生一个振荡器输出信号。分压电路305针对直流输出电压进行分压以产生一个反馈电压。脉冲频率调变(PFM)比较器307,其比较反馈电压及一个参考电压,并产生一个比较器输出信号以控制振荡器输出信号的输出。逻辑控制单元309用以降低直流输出电压的纹波。China Taiwan Patent Application No. 0057836 discloses a DC-to-DC boost conversion device, as shown in Figure 3, which includes a
中国台湾专利申请第0057836号的发明利用脉冲频率调变(PFM)比较器307,比较反馈电压及参考电压,以产生一个比较器输出信号,用以控制振荡器输出信号信号的输出,并且通过逻辑控制单元309降低直流输出电压的纹波。此发明的逻辑控制单元309适用于直流到直流升压转换电路,但并不能解决现有直流到直流转换电路纹波降低方法成本高的问题。The invention of Taiwan Patent Application No. 0057836 uses a pulse frequency modulation (PFM)
综上所述,现有直流到直流降压转换电路纹波降低方法存在成本较高的问题。To sum up, there is a problem of high cost in the existing method for reducing the ripple of the DC-to-DC step-down conversion circuit.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种直流到直流降压转换器,以解决现有技术中直流到直流降压转换电路纹波降低方法成本较高的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a DC-to-DC step-down converter to solve the problem of high cost in the ripple reduction method of the DC-to-DC step-down conversion circuit in the prior art.
本发明的另一目的是提供一种纹波改善电路,以解决现有技术中直流到直流降压转换电路纹波降低方法成本较高的问题。Another object of the present invention is to provide a ripple improvement circuit to solve the problem of high cost of the ripple reduction method of the DC-to-DC step-down conversion circuit in the prior art.
本发明提供了一种直流到直流降压转换器,用以将输入电压转换为较低的输出电压,包括用以控制输入电压与输出电压间的路径的导通及截止状态的开关、用以使输出电压趋于稳定的滤波电路、用以根据输出电压输出一个置位信号的比较电路、用以产生一个复位信号的复位信号产生电路以及用以根据置位信号及复位信号来控制开关开启及关闭状态的触发器。复位信号产生电路包括振荡器、外接至振荡器的电容以及纹波改善电路。纹波改善电路连接至振荡器与电容,用以调节对电容的充电时间,从而调整复位信号的最大占空比,以改善直流到直流降压转换器的输出纹波。The present invention provides a DC-to-DC step-down converter for converting an input voltage into a lower output voltage, including a switch for controlling the on and off states of the path between the input voltage and the output voltage, and for A filter circuit for stabilizing the output voltage, a comparison circuit for outputting a set signal according to the output voltage, a reset signal generating circuit for generating a reset signal, and a circuit for controlling the switch on and off according to the set signal and the reset signal Trigger for the closed state. The reset signal generating circuit includes an oscillator, a capacitor connected externally to the oscillator, and a ripple improvement circuit. The ripple improvement circuit is connected to the oscillator and the capacitor to adjust the charging time of the capacitor, thereby adjusting the maximum duty cycle of the reset signal, so as to improve the output ripple of the DC-to-DC step-down converter.
依照本发明的较佳实施例所述直流到直流降压转换器,纹波改善电路包括电源输入端以及电阻。电源输入端用以提供电压。电阻的一端连接至振荡器与电容,另一端连接电源输入端,其用以产生一个电流,调节对电容的充电时间并调整复位信号的最大占空比,以改善直流到直流降压转换器的输出纹波。电源输入端连接至为直流到直流降压转换器提供输入电压的电源。触发器为RS触发器。开关为场效应管。According to the DC-to-DC step-down converter in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ripple improvement circuit includes a power input terminal and a resistor. The power input terminal is used to provide voltage. One end of the resistor is connected to the oscillator and the capacitor, and the other end is connected to the power input, which is used to generate a current, adjust the charging time of the capacitor and adjust the maximum duty cycle of the reset signal to improve the DC to DC buck converter. output ripple. The power supply input is connected to a power supply that provides an input voltage to the DC-to-DC buck converter. The flip-flops are RS flip-flops. The switch is a field effect transistor.
本发明另提供一种纹波改善电路,用以改善通过比较器与触发器组合构成反馈的直流到直流降压转换器的输出纹波,其连接至为直流到直流降压转换器的触发器提供一个复位信号的复位信号产生电路。此复位信号产生电路包括振荡器以及外接至振荡器的电容。此纹波改善电路包括电源输入端以及电阻。电源输入端用以提供电压。电阻的一端连接至振荡器与电容,另一端连接电源输入端,其用以产生一个电流,调节对电容的充电时间并调整复位信号的最大占空比,以改善直流到直流降压转换器的输出纹波。The present invention also provides a ripple improvement circuit, which is used to improve the output ripple of the DC-to-DC step-down converter whose feedback is formed by a combination of a comparator and a flip-flop, which is connected to a flip-flop that is a DC-to-DC step-down converter A reset signal generating circuit that provides a reset signal. The reset signal generating circuit includes an oscillator and a capacitor externally connected to the oscillator. The ripple improvement circuit includes a power input terminal and a resistor. The power input terminal is used to provide voltage. One end of the resistor is connected to the oscillator and the capacitor, and the other end is connected to the power input, which is used to generate a current, adjust the charging time of the capacitor and adjust the maximum duty cycle of the reset signal to improve the DC to DC buck converter. output ripple.
本发明因采用了纹波改善电路,因此可以通过调节对振荡器外接电容的充电时间,从而调整发送给触发器的复位信号的最大占空比,以改善直流到直流降压转换器的输出纹波。并且本发明的纹波改善电路结构简单,实现方便,既可以满足性能指标又降低了成本。Because the present invention adopts the ripple improvement circuit, it can adjust the maximum duty cycle of the reset signal sent to the flip-flop by adjusting the charging time of the external capacitor of the oscillator, so as to improve the output ripple of the DC-to-DC step-down converter. Wave. Moreover, the ripple improvement circuit of the present invention has a simple structure and is convenient to realize, which can meet the performance index and reduce the cost.
附图说明 Description of drawings
为让本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂,以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作详细说明,其中:In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
图1为中国台湾专利申请第0057836号专利的合成纹波调整器的示意图;FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a synthesized ripple regulator of Taiwan Patent Application No. 0057836;
图2为图1实施例的一种合成纹波调整器电路图;Fig. 2 is a kind of synthesized ripple regulator circuit diagram of Fig. 1 embodiment;
图3为中国台湾专利申请第0057836号专利的直流对直流升压转换装置结构图;FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a DC-to-DC boost conversion device of the Taiwan Patent Application No. 0057836;
图4为本发明实施例的一种直流到直流降压转换器电路图;4 is a circuit diagram of a DC-to-DC step-down converter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例的一种复位信号产生电路工作示意图;FIG. 5 is a working schematic diagram of a reset signal generating circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例的一种复位信号波形图;FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram of a reset signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图7为本发明实施例的一种纹波改善电路连接电路图;FIG. 7 is a connection circuit diagram of a ripple improvement circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图8为现有一种直流到直流降压转换电路的电路图。FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of an existing DC-to-DC step-down conversion circuit.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下结合附图,具体说明本发明。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
本发明提出一种新型的前馈(Feedforward)方法,可以通过调节最大占空比到适当的大小,来达到减小直流到直流降压转换器401输出纹波(ripple)的目的。The present invention proposes a novel feedforward method, which can achieve the purpose of reducing the output ripple (ripple) of the DC-to-DC step-down
请参见图4,其为本发明实施例的一种直流到直流降压转换器电路图。Please refer to FIG. 4 , which is a circuit diagram of a DC-DC step-down converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
直流到直流降压转换器401,用以将输入电压转换为较低的输出电压。此直流到直流降压转换器401包括开关403、滤波电路405、比较电路407、触发器409以及复位信号产生电路411。开关403分别连接输入端417及滤波电路405,图4中开关403为场效应管。滤波电路405连接至输出端413,电感L及旁路电容C组成了此滤波电路405。比较电路407连接至输出端413,其包括分压电阻R2与R3以及比较器419。比较电路407与复位信号产生电路411共同连接至触发器409的两个输入端,本实施例中触发器409为一个RS触发器,其置位端(S端)与比较电路407相连,复位端(R端)与复位信号产生电路411相连。触发器409经过一个缓冲器415后与开关403相连。复位信号产生电路411包括振荡器421、外接电容Ct以及由电源输入端423与电阻R1组成的纹波改善电路425。The DC-to-DC step-down
此直流到直流降压转换器401工作时,其输出电压Vout经过电阻R2及R3分压后与一个参考电压Vref作比较。若输出电压Vout经过分压后的电压大于参考电压Vref,则比较器419向触发器409的置位端输出低电平,而当触发器409的复位端接收复位信号产生电路411发送的复位信号为高时,触发器409的输出端(Q端)经过缓冲器415后向开关403输出一个低电平。开关403接收到触发器409发送的低电平并断开输入端417至输出端413之间的路径。若输出电压Vout经过分压后的电压小于参考电压Vref,则比较器419向触发器409的置位端输出高电平,而当触发器409的复位端接收复位信号产生电路411发送的复位信号为低时,触发器409的输出端(Q端)经过缓冲器415后向开关403输出一个高电平。开关403接收到触发器409发送的高电平并导通输入端417至输出端413之间的路径。输入电压Vin经过滤波电路405后输出较稳定的输出电压Vout。When the DC-to-DC step-down
因为输出端413的纹波与直流到直流降压转换器401的开关导通断开周期有关,因此本实施例在复位信号产生电路411中设置有纹波改善电路425。请参见图5,其为复位信号产生电路411工作过程示意图。振荡器421包括两个电流源Ichange以及Idischange,电流Ichange对电容Ct充电,电流Idischange对电容Ct放电。电源输入端423接入输入电压Vin后在电阻R1上产生一个电流Iff并帮助电流Ichange对电容Ct充电,因此通过调节电阻R1的阻值便可达到调节电容Ct的充电时间的目的。请参见图6,其为本发明实施例的一种复位信号波形图。虚线为现有技术中没有设置纹波改善电路425时复位信号的波形,实线为设置有纹波改善电路425时复位信号的波形。因此通过调节电容Ct的充电时间可以改变复位信号的最大占空比,具体计算公式如下:Since the ripple at the
TON=CT*VRAMP/∑ICHARGE T ON =C T *V RAMP /∑I CHARGE
TOFF=CT*VRAMP/∑IDISCHARGE T OFF =C T *V RAMP /∑I DISCHARGE
TS=(TON+TOFF)T S =(T ON +T OFF )
其中DMOD为设置了纹波改善电路425后得到的最大占空比。Wherein DMOD is the maximum duty cycle obtained after setting the
因复位信号的最大占空比改变而使触发器409的复位端高低电平转换周期发生改变,从而触发器409控制开关403的导通断开周期也发生改变,因开关403的导通断开周期与输出纹波有关,所以通过设置纹波改善电路425并调节纹波改善电路425中电阻R1的值可以调整并改善直流到直流降压转换器401的输出纹波。Due to the change of the maximum duty cycle of the reset signal, the high-low level transition period of the reset terminal of the flip-
本发明的纹波改善电路既可以设置在直流到直流降压转换器中,也可以外接与直流到直流降压转换器,请参见图7,其为本发明实施例的一种纹波改善电路连接电路图。The ripple improvement circuit of the present invention can be installed in a DC-to-DC step-down converter, or can be externally connected to a DC-to-DC step-down converter. Please refer to FIG. 7, which is a ripple improvement circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. Connect the circuit diagram.
直流到直流降压转换器701用以将输入电压转换为较低的输出电压。此直流到直流降压转换器701包括开关703、滤波电路705、比较电路707、触发器709以及复位信号产生电路711。开关703分别连接输入端717及稳压电路705,图7中开关703为场效应管。滤波电路705连接至输出端713,电感L及旁路电容C组成了此滤波电路705。比较电路707连接至输出端713,其包括分压电阻R2与R3以及比较器719。比较电路707与复位信号产生电路711共同连接至触发器709的两个输入端,本实施例中触发器709为一个RS触发器,其置位端(S端)与比较电路707相连,复位端(R端)与复位信号产生电路711相连。触发器709经过一个缓冲器715后与开关703相连。复位信号产生电路711包括振荡器721以及外接电容Ct。纹波改善电路725外接于直流到直流降压转换器701,其连接至直流到直流降压转换器701的复位信号产生电路711。纹波改善电路725包括电阻R1以及电源输入端723。电阻R1的一端连接至振荡器721与外接电容Ct,电源输入端723连接至电阻R1的另一端,用以提供电压输入并在电阻R1中产生一个电流,从而调节对电容Ct的充电时间并调整复位信号的最大占空比,以改善直流到直流降压转换器701的输出纹波。The DC-to-DC buck converter 701 is used to convert the input voltage to a lower output voltage. The DC-to-DC buck converter 701 includes a switch 703 , a filter circuit 705 , a comparison circuit 707 , a flip-flop 709 and a reset signal generation circuit 711 . The switch 703 is respectively connected to the input terminal 717 and the voltage stabilizing circuit 705, and the switch 703 in FIG. 7 is a field effect transistor. The filter circuit 705 is connected to the output terminal 713 , and the inductor L and the bypass capacitor C form the filter circuit 705 . The comparison circuit 707 is connected to the output terminal 713 and includes voltage dividing resistors R2 and R3 and a comparator 719 . The comparison circuit 707 and the reset signal generation circuit 711 are jointly connected to the two input terminals of the flip-flop 709. In this embodiment, the flip-flop 709 is an RS flip-flop, and its setting terminal (S terminal) is connected to the comparison circuit 707, and the reset terminal (R terminal) is connected to the reset signal generating circuit 711. The flip-flop 709 is connected to the switch 703 after going through a buffer 715 . The reset signal generating circuit 711 includes an oscillator 721 and an external capacitor Ct. The ripple improvement circuit 725 is externally connected to the DC-to-DC step-down converter 701 , and is connected to the reset signal generating circuit 711 of the DC-to-DC step-down converter 701 . The ripple improvement circuit 725 includes a resistor R1 and a power input terminal 723 . One end of the resistor R1 is connected to the oscillator 721 and the external capacitor Ct, and the power input terminal 723 is connected to the other end of the resistor R1 to provide voltage input and generate a current in the resistor R1, thereby adjusting the charging time of the capacitor Ct and adjusting The maximum duty cycle of the reset signal is used to improve the output ripple of the DC-DC buck converter 701 .
此直流到直流降压转换器701工作时,输出电压Vout经过电阻R2及R3分压后通过比较器719与一个参考电压Vref作比较。若输出电压Vout经过分压后的电压大于参考电压Vref,则比较器719向触发器709的置位端输出低电平,而当触发器709的复位端接收复位信号产生电路711发送的复位信号为高时,触发器709的输出端(Q端)经过缓冲器715后向开关703输出一个低电平。开关703接收到触发器709发送的低电平并断开输入端717至输出端713之间的路径。若输出电压Vout分压后的电压小于参考电压Vref,则比较器719向触发器709的置位端输出高电平,而当触发器709的复位端接收复位信号产生电路711发送的复位信号为低时,触发器709的输出端(Q端)经过缓冲器715后向开关703输出一个高电平。开关703接收到触发器709发送的高电平并导通输入端717至输出端713之间的路径。输入电压Vin经过滤波电路705后输出较稳定的输出电压Vout。When the DC-to-DC step-down converter 701 is working, the output voltage Vout is divided by the resistors R2 and R3 and then compared with a reference voltage Vref by the comparator 719 . If the divided voltage of the output voltage Vout is greater than the reference voltage Vref, the comparator 719 outputs a low level to the set terminal of the flip-flop 709, and when the reset terminal of the flip-flop 709 receives the reset signal sent by the reset signal generating circuit 711 When it is high, the output terminal (Q terminal) of the flip-flop 709 outputs a low level to the switch 703 after passing through the buffer 715 . The switch 703 receives the low level sent by the flip-flop 709 and disconnects the path between the input terminal 717 and the output terminal 713 . If the divided voltage of the output voltage Vout is less than the reference voltage Vref, the comparator 719 outputs a high level to the set terminal of the flip-flop 709, and when the reset terminal of the flip-flop 709 receives the reset signal generating circuit 711, the reset signal sent is When low, the output terminal (Q terminal) of the flip-flop 709 outputs a high level to the switch 703 after passing through the buffer 715 . The switch 703 receives the high level sent by the flip-flop 709 and turns on the path between the input terminal 717 and the output terminal 713 . The input voltage Vin passes through the filter circuit 705 to output a relatively stable output voltage Vout.
本实施例将纹波改善电路725外接至直流到直流降压转换器701的复位信号产生电路711,并通过在电阻R1上产生一个电流来调节电容Ct的充电时间(原理与上述图5及图6中纹波改善电路425内接于复位信号产生电路411时相同,这里不再重复叙述)。而通过调节电容Ct的充电时间可以调整复位信号产生电路711向触发器709发送的复位信号的最大占空比,从而改变开关703导通与截止的周期。而直流到直流降压转换器701的输出纹波与开关703导通与截止的周期有关,因此可以通过调节纹波改善电路725中电阻R1的值来改善直流到直流降压转换器701的输出纹波。In this embodiment, the ripple improvement circuit 725 is externally connected to the reset signal generating circuit 711 of the DC-to-DC step-down converter 701, and the charging time of the capacitor Ct is adjusted by generating a current on the resistor R1 (the principle is the same as that of FIG. 5 and FIG. (6) The
本发明因采用了纹波改善电路,因此可以通过调节对振荡器外接电容的充电时间,从而调整发送给触发器的复位信号的最大占空比,以改善直流到直流降压转换器的输出纹波。并且本发明的纹波改善电路结构简单,实现方便,既可以满足性能指标又降低了成本。Because the present invention adopts the ripple improvement circuit, it can adjust the maximum duty cycle of the reset signal sent to the flip-flop by adjusting the charging time of the external capacitor of the oscillator, so as to improve the output ripple of the DC-to-DC step-down converter. Wave. Moreover, the ripple improvement circuit of the present invention has a simple structure and is convenient to realize, which can meet the performance index and reduce the cost.
以上公开的仅为本发明的几个具体实施例,但本发明并非局限于此,任何本领域的技术人员能思之的变化,都应落在本发明的保护范围内。The above disclosures are only a few specific embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes conceivable by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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