CN107395003B - Current ripple control circuit and method and switching power supply - Google Patents
Current ripple control circuit and method and switching power supply Download PDFInfo
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- CN107395003B CN107395003B CN201710763422.8A CN201710763422A CN107395003B CN 107395003 B CN107395003 B CN 107395003B CN 201710763422 A CN201710763422 A CN 201710763422A CN 107395003 B CN107395003 B CN 107395003B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
Abstract
The invention discloses a current ripple control circuit and method and a switching power supply, wherein the current ripple control circuit comprises: the first current generation circuit obtains and outputs a first current according to a voltage feedback signal representing the output voltage and a reference voltage; the first comparator is used for respectively receiving the first current, the first fixed current and the current sampling signals of the first switching tube and outputting first comparison signals representing the control of the on or off of the first switching tube and the second switching tube; the second comparator is used for respectively receiving the first current, the first adjustable current and the current sampling signals of the second switching tube and outputting second comparison signals representing the control of the on or off of the first switching tube and the second switching tube; the first adjustable current control circuit receives the first current, outputs the first adjustable current, and stabilizes the output current ripple by adjusting the magnitude of the first adjustable current. The invention solves the problem that the output current ripple changes along with the output current, so that the output current ripple is stable.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of power electronics, and in particular, to a current ripple circuit, a current ripple method, and a switching power supply.
Background
In a non-isolated power circuit, a hysteresis current control mode is commonly used for controlling the switching states of a main switching tube and an auxiliary switching tube. Prior art for hysteretic current control as shown in fig. 1, the sampled current i flowing through the main switching tube M1 M1 And error amplifier output voltage V C Comparing the converted current signals ic, and controlling the switching states of the main switching tube M1 and the auxiliary switching tube M2; likewise, the sampled current i flowing through the auxiliary switch tube M2 M2 And error amplifier output voltage V C The converted current signal ic is compared to control the switching states of the main switching tube M1 and the auxiliary switching tube M2. When ic < i M1 When M1 is turned off and M2 is turned on, when ic > i M2 And when the voltage regulator is in a normal state, the M2 is turned off and the M1 is turned on, so that the purpose of voltage regulation is achieved.
The waveform of the current iL flowing through the inductor L in fig. 1 is shown in fig. 2. Wherein, in the AB section, M2 is turned off and M1 is turned on; and in the BP section, the M1 is turned off and the auxiliary tube M2 is turned on. The current flowing through the main switching tube M1 is identical to the AB segment of the current iL flowing through the inductor L, and the current flowing through the auxiliary switching tube M2 is identical to the BP segment of the current iL flowing through the inductor. Thus, at point A in FIG. 2, there is i in the circuit described in FIG. 1 M2 ＝ic，Similarly, at point B, there is i M1 =ic. Let the sampling coefficient of the current passing through M1 be K N The sampling coefficient of the current passing through M2 is K P . At point a, the current value through the auxiliary switching tube M2 is i valley ＝ic*K P At point B, the current value through the main switching tube M1 is i peak ＝ic*K N Therefore, the current peak Gu Chazhi Deltai L ＝ic*K N -ic*K P ＝ic*(K N -K P ). Wherein K is N -K P Since ic varies greatly with load, current ripple varies with ic to give Δi L Unstable, the ripple variation of the current is large, and the method is difficult to apply to occasions with high requirements on the ripple stability of the current.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a current ripple control circuit and method and a switching power supply, which are used for solving the technical problem of large current ripple variation in the prior art.
The invention provides a current ripple control circuit, comprising:
the first current generation circuit obtains and outputs a first current according to a voltage feedback signal representing the output voltage and a reference voltage;
the first input end of the first comparator receives the first current and the first fixed current, the second input end of the first comparator receives a current sampling signal of the first switching tube, and the first comparator outputs a first comparison signal representing the control of the on or off of the first switching tube and the second switching tube;
the first input end of the second comparator receives the first current and the first adjustable current, the second input end of the second comparator receives a current sampling signal of the second switching tube, and the second comparator outputs a second comparison signal representing the control of the on or off of the first switching tube and the second switching tube;
the first adjustable current control circuit receives the first current, outputs the first adjustable current, and stabilizes output current ripple by adjusting the magnitude of the first adjustable current.
Optionally, the product of the first current and the first coefficient is compared with the product of the first current and the first adjustable current and the second coefficient, and the first current and the second coefficient are equal by adjusting the magnitude of the first adjustable current.
Optionally, the first coefficient is a current sampling coefficient of the first switching tube, and the second coefficient is a current sampling coefficient of the second switching tube.
Optionally, the first switching tube is a main switching tube, the second switching tube is an auxiliary switching tube, and when the sum of the first current and the first fixed current is smaller than a current sampling signal of the main switching tube, the first comparison signal is a signal representing that the main switching tube is turned off and the auxiliary switching tube is turned on; and when the sum of the first current and the first adjustable current is larger than the current sampling signal of the auxiliary switching tube, the second comparison signal is a signal representing that the auxiliary switching tube is turned off and the main switching tube is turned on.
Optionally, the first switching tube is an auxiliary switching tube, the second switching tube is a main switching tube, and when the sum of the first current and the first adjustable current is smaller than a current sampling signal of the main switching tube, the first comparison signal is a signal representing that the main switching tube is turned off and the auxiliary switching tube is turned on; and when the sum of the first current and the first fixed current is larger than the current sampling signal of the auxiliary switching tube, the second comparison signal is a signal representing that the auxiliary switching tube is turned off and the main switching tube is turned on.
Optionally, the value after the current ripple is stabilized is the product of the first coefficient and the first fixed current, and the stable value of the current ripple can be adjusted by adjusting the magnitude of the first fixed current.
Optionally, the first current generating circuit includes an error amplifier and a voltage-to-current circuit, the error amplifier receives a voltage feedback signal representing an output voltage and a reference voltage, the output end is connected to the voltage-to-current circuit, and the voltage-to-current circuit converts the output voltage of the error amplifier into the first current in proportion.
Optionally, the first adjustable current control circuit includes a first multiplier, a second multiplier, a third comparator and a first adjustable current adjusting circuit, the first current flows through the first multiplier and is connected to a first input end of the third comparator, the first current and the first adjustable current flow through the second multiplier and are connected to a second input end of the third comparator, an output end of the third comparator is connected to the first adjustable current adjusting circuit, and the first adjustable current adjusting circuit adjusts the magnitude of the first adjustable current; the coefficient of the first multiplier is the current sampling coefficient of the first switching tube, and the coefficient of the second multiplier is the current sampling coefficient of the second switching tube.
Optionally, when the value of the first current after flowing through the first multiplier is greater than the value of the first current and the value of the first adjustable current after flowing through the second multiplier, the first adjustable current adjusting circuit adjusts such that the first adjustable current increases; when the value of the first current flowing through the first multiplier is smaller than the value of the first current flowing through the second multiplier and the first adjustable current flowing through the second multiplier, the first adjustable current adjusting circuit adjusts the first adjustable current so that the first adjustable current is reduced.
The invention also provides a current constant ripple control method, which comprises the following steps:
obtaining and outputting a first current according to a voltage feedback signal representing the output voltage and a reference voltage;
comparing the sum of the first current and the first fixed current with a current sampling signal of a first switching tube to obtain a first comparison signal of the first switching tube and a second switching tube;
comparing the sum of the first current and the first adjustable current with a current sampling signal of a second switching tube to obtain a second comparison signal of the first switching tube and the second switching tube;
and adjusting the magnitude of the first adjustable electric current according to the first current and the first adjustable current so as to stabilize the output current ripple.
The invention also provides a switching power supply, comprising: the output end of a first comparator in the current ripple control circuit is connected to the first input end of the switching tube control circuit, the output end of a second comparator in the current ripple control circuit is connected to the second input end of the switching tube control circuit, and the output end of the switching tube control circuit is respectively connected with the control end of a main switching tube and the control end of an auxiliary switching tube in the power stage circuit.
Alternatively, the power stage circuit may be a Buck circuit, a Boost circuit or a Buck-Boost circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages: the invention aims at the problem of larger output current ripple change in the hysteresis current control mode in the prior art, the first fixed current and the first adjustable current are respectively added into the first input ends of the first comparator and the second comparator besides the first current, and the magnitude of the first adjustable current is regulated by the first adjustable current control circuit, so that the difference value between the peak value and the valley value of the inductance current is the value of the first fixed current, namely the output current ripple is stable, and the hysteresis current control mode is suitable for occasions with higher requirements on the current ripple.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art hysteretic current control circuit;
FIG. 2 is a waveform of inductor current in an ideal state of the art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a current ripple control circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the current ripple control circuit and switching power supply of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments only. The invention is intended to cover any alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
In the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention, and the invention will be fully understood to those skilled in the art without such details.
The invention is more particularly described by way of example in the following paragraphs with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the drawings are in a simplified form and are not to scale precisely, but rather are merely intended to facilitate and clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 3, a schematic circuit structure of the current ripple control circuit of the present invention is illustrated. The current ripple control circuit comprises a first current generation circuit, a first comparator comp1, a second comparator comp2 and a first adjustable current control circuit. The first current generating circuits respectively receive voltage feedback signals V representing output voltages FB And a reference voltage Vref for outputting a first current ic, the first input terminal of the first comparator comp1 receiving the first current ic and a first fixed current I 1 A second input end of the first switch tube receives a current sampling signal i of the first switch tube M1 The first comparator comp1 outputs first comparison signals of the first switching tube and the second switching tube; a first input terminal of the second comparator comp2 receives the first current ic and the first adjustable current Ios, and a second input terminal thereof receives a current sampling signal i of the second switch tube M2 The second comparator comp2 outputs a second comparison signal of the first switching tube and the second switching tube; the first adjustable current control circuit receives the first current ic, outputs the first adjustable current Ios, and further enables current ripple to be constant by controlling the magnitude of the first adjustable current Ios.
In this case, the first switching tube is taken as a main switching tube, and the second switching tube is taken as an auxiliary switching tube. However, the protection scope of the invention is also provided when the first switching tube is an auxiliary switching tube and the second switching tube is a main switching tube.
When the first switching tube is a main switching tube and the second switching tube is an auxiliary switching tube, the first current ic and the first fixed current I 1 The sum is smaller than the current sampling signal i of the main switch tube M1 When the first comparison signal is a signal representing that the main switching tube is turned off and the auxiliary switching tube is turned on;when the sum of the first current ic and the first adjustable current Ios is larger than the current sampling signal i of the auxiliary switching tube M2 And when the auxiliary switching tube is switched off, the second comparison signal is a signal representing that the auxiliary switching tube is switched on and the main switching tube is switched off.
Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of the current ripple control circuit and the switching power supply of the present invention, and on the basis of fig. 3, a specific embodiment of the first current generating circuit and the first adjustable current control circuit is shown. The first current generation circuit comprises an error amplifier U1 and a voltage-to-current circuit, wherein the error amplifier U1 respectively receives a voltage feedback signal V representing the output voltage FB And the output end of the reference voltage Vref is connected with the voltage-to-current circuit, and the voltage-to-current circuit converts the output voltage of the error amplifier into a first current ic in proportion. The first adjustable current control circuit comprises a multiplier 1, a multiplier 2, a third comparator comp3 and a first adjustable current adjusting circuit, wherein the first current ic is connected to a first input end of the third comparator comp3 through the multiplier 1, the first current ic and the first adjustable current Ios are connected to a second input end of the third comparator comp3 through the multiplier 2, an output end of the third comparator is connected with the first adjustable current adjusting circuit, and the first adjustable current adjusting circuit adjusts the magnitude of the first adjustable current. The coefficient of the multiplier 1 is the same as the current sampling coefficient of the main switch tube M1 and is K N Similarly, the coefficient of the multiplier 2 is the same as the current sampling coefficient of the auxiliary switch tube M2 and is K P 。
The switching power supply is a Boost circuit and comprises a main switching tube M1, an auxiliary switching tube M2, an energy storage inductor L, an energy storage capacitor C and a switching tube control circuit. The drain electrode of the main switch tube M1 is connected with the drain electrode of the auxiliary switch tube M2, and the source electrode of the main switch tube M1 is grounded. The source electrode of the auxiliary switching tube M2 is used as a high-voltage end of output voltage, the public end of the main switching tube M1 and the auxiliary switching tube M2 is connected with one end of the energy storage inductor L, the other end of the energy storage inductor is used as a high-voltage end of input voltage and is connected with one end of the energy storage capacitor C, and the other end of the energy storage capacitor C is grounded. And the output end of the switching tube control circuit is respectively connected with the grid electrode of the main switching tube and the grid electrode of the auxiliary switching tube in the Boost circuit. The input end of the switching tube control circuit is respectively connected with the output ends of the comparator comp1 and the comparator comp 2.
For the embodiment shown in fig. 4, in fig. 2, points a, i.e., the valley, and points B, i.e., the peak, respectively, are:
i valley ＝i c ·K P +I OS ·K P
i peak ＝i c ·K N +I 1 ·K N
then i L The variation ranges of (2) are: Δi L ＝i peak -i valley ＝i c ·K N +I 1 ·K N -(i c ·K P +I OS ·K P )
＝i c ·K N -(i c ·K P +I OS ·K P )+I 1 ·K N
If ic is K N ＝ic*K P +I OS *K P Δi is then L ＝I 1 *K N Is a fixed value.
Therefore, in this embodiment, I is regulated by the first adjustable current control circuit OS The value of (c) is such that ic N ＝ic*K P +Ios*K P . The third comparator comp3 input receives ic K respectively N 、ic*K P +I OS *K P The comp3 output is connected with a first adjustable current regulating circuit which completes the following functions:
when ic is K N ＞ic*K P +I OS *K P When the current I is increased OS ；
When ic is K N ＜ic*K P +I OS *K P When the current I is reduced OS ；
Finally make ic x K N ＝ic*K P +I OS *K P Such that Δil=i 1 *K N . The regulation is a dynamic process such that the ripple of the current is constant I over the full load range 1 *K N 。
Can properly adjust I according to occasion demands 1 Thereby controlling the magnitude of the constant value of the current ripple.
Besides the Boost circuit, the switching power supply can also adopt various topologies, such as a Buck circuit, a Buck-Boost circuit and the like. Although only a boost switching power supply is shown in the embodiment, other switching power supplies are also within the scope of the present invention.
Although the embodiments have been described and illustrated separately above, and with respect to a partially common technique, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that alternate and integration may be made between embodiments, with reference to one embodiment not explicitly described, and reference may be made to another embodiment described.
The above-described embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the above embodiments should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A current ripple control circuit, comprising:
the first current generation circuit obtains and outputs a first current according to a voltage feedback signal representing the output voltage and a reference voltage;
the first input end of the first comparator receives the first current and the first fixed current, the second input end of the first comparator receives a current sampling signal of the first switching tube, and the first comparator outputs a first comparison signal representing the control of the on or off of the first switching tube and the second switching tube;
the first input end of the second comparator receives the first current and the first adjustable current, the second input end of the second comparator receives a current sampling signal of the second switching tube, and the second comparator outputs a second comparison signal representing the control of the on or off of the first switching tube and the second switching tube;
the first adjustable current control circuit receives the first current, outputs the first adjustable current, and stabilizes output current ripple by adjusting the magnitude of the first adjustable current.
2. The current ripple control circuit of claim 1, wherein: comparing the product of the first current and the first coefficient with the product of the first current and the product of the first adjustable current and the second coefficient, and adjusting the magnitude of the first adjustable current to make the first current and the first adjustable current equal to each other.
3. The current ripple control circuit of claim 2, wherein: the first coefficient is a current sampling coefficient of the first switching tube, and the second coefficient is a current sampling coefficient of the second switching tube.
4. The current ripple control circuit of claim 1, wherein: the first switching tube is a main switching tube, the second switching tube is an auxiliary switching tube, and when the sum of the first current and the first fixed current is smaller than a current sampling signal of the main switching tube, the first comparison signal is a signal representing that the main switching tube is turned off and the auxiliary switching tube is turned on; and when the sum of the first current and the first adjustable current is larger than the current sampling signal of the auxiliary switching tube, the second comparison signal is a signal representing that the auxiliary switching tube is turned off and the main switching tube is turned on.
5. The current ripple control circuit of claim 1, wherein: the first switching tube is an auxiliary switching tube, the second switching tube is a main switching tube, and when the sum of the first current and the first adjustable current is smaller than a current sampling signal of the main switching tube, the first comparison signal is a signal representing that the main switching tube is turned off and the auxiliary switching tube is turned on; and when the sum of the first current and the first fixed current is larger than the current sampling signal of the auxiliary switching tube, the second comparison signal is a signal representing that the auxiliary switching tube is turned off and the main switching tube is turned on.
6. The current ripple control circuit of claim 2, wherein: the stable value of the current ripple can be adjusted by adjusting the magnitude of the first fixed current.
7. The current ripple control circuit of claim 1, wherein: the first current generation circuit comprises an error amplifier and a voltage-to-current circuit, the error amplifier receives a voltage feedback signal representing output voltage and a reference voltage respectively, the output end of the error amplifier is connected with the voltage-to-current circuit, and the voltage-to-current circuit converts the output voltage of the error amplifier into the first current in proportion.
8. The current ripple control circuit of claim 1, wherein: the first adjustable current control circuit comprises a first multiplier, a second multiplier, a third comparator and a first adjustable current regulating circuit, wherein the first current flows through the first multiplier and is connected to the first input end of the third comparator, the first current and the first adjustable current flow through the second multiplier and are connected to the second input end of the third comparator, the output end of the third comparator is connected with the first adjustable current regulating circuit, and the first adjustable current regulating circuit regulates the magnitude of the first adjustable current; the coefficient of the first multiplier is the current sampling coefficient of the first switching tube, and the coefficient of the second multiplier is the current sampling coefficient of the second switching tube.
9. The current ripple control circuit of claim 8, wherein: when the value of the first current after flowing through the first multiplier is larger than the value of the first current after flowing through the second multiplier and the first adjustable current, the first adjustable current adjusting circuit adjusts the first adjustable current to increase; when the value of the first current flowing through the first multiplier is smaller than the value of the first current flowing through the second multiplier and the first adjustable current flowing through the second multiplier, the first adjustable current adjusting circuit adjusts the first adjustable current so that the first adjustable current is reduced.
10. A method for controlling current ripple, comprising the steps of:
obtaining and outputting a first current according to a voltage feedback signal representing the output voltage and a reference voltage;
comparing the sum of the first current and the first fixed current with a current sampling signal of a first switching tube to obtain a first comparison signal of the first switching tube and a second switching tube;
comparing the sum of the first current and the first adjustable current with a current sampling signal of a second switching tube to obtain a second comparison signal of the first switching tube and the second switching tube;
and adjusting the magnitude of the first adjustable current according to the first current and the first adjustable current so as to stabilize the output current ripple.
11. A switching power supply, comprising: the current ripple control circuit, the power stage circuit and the switching tube control circuit of any one of claims 1-9, wherein an output end of a first comparator in the current ripple control circuit is connected to a first input end of the switching tube control circuit, an output end of a second comparator in the current ripple control circuit is connected to a second input end of the switching tube control circuit, and output ends of the switching tube control circuit are respectively connected to a control end of a main switching tube and a control end of an auxiliary switching tube in the power stage circuit.
12. The switching power supply of claim 11 wherein: the power stage circuit may be a Buck circuit, a Boost circuit or a Buck-Boost circuit.
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| CN201710763422.8A CN107395003B (en) | 2017-08-30 | 2017-08-30 | Current ripple control circuit and method and switching power supply |
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| CN201710763422.8A CN107395003B (en) | 2017-08-30 | 2017-08-30 | Current ripple control circuit and method and switching power supply |
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| CN103036428A (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2013-04-10 | 青岛联盟电子仪器有限公司 | Peak current gradient synchronous step-down circuit |
| CN105515355A (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2016-04-20 | 英飞凌科技奥地利有限公司 | System and method for switching converter |
| CN105790580A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-07-20 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | Power source system and inductive current peak control method |
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| WO2011043010A1 (en) * | 2009-10-09 | 2011-04-14 | パナソニック株式会社 | Switching regulator |
| KR102395466B1 (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2022-05-09 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Regulator circuit with enhanced ripple reduction speed |
| CN105406697B (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2018-12-25 | 矽力杰半导体技术(杭州)有限公司 | Ripple suppression circuit, method and the LED light using it |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103036428A (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2013-04-10 | 青岛联盟电子仪器有限公司 | Peak current gradient synchronous step-down circuit |
| CN105515355A (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2016-04-20 | 英飞凌科技奥地利有限公司 | System and method for switching converter |
| CN105790580A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-07-20 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | Power source system and inductive current peak control method |
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Address after: Room 901-23, 9 / F, west 4 building, Xigang development center, 298 Zhenhua Road, Sandun Town, Xihu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310030 Applicant after: Jiehuate Microelectronics Co.,Ltd. Address before: Room 424, building 1, 1500 Wenyi West Road, Cangqian street, Yuhang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province Applicant before: JOULWATT TECHNOLOGY Inc.,Ltd. |
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