CN101468370B - Amorphous alloy thermoforming apparatus and technique - Google Patents
Amorphous alloy thermoforming apparatus and technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN101468370B CN101468370B CN2007101257056A CN200710125705A CN101468370B CN 101468370 B CN101468370 B CN 101468370B CN 2007101257056 A CN2007101257056 A CN 2007101257056A CN 200710125705 A CN200710125705 A CN 200710125705A CN 101468370 B CN101468370 B CN 101468370B
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a process for the hot pressing and molding of an amorphous alloy. The device is provided with a vacuum, inert gas or nitrogen gas protective environment, and a mould set and an induction heating coil positioned in the environment. The mould set comprises an upper mould, a lower mould and a molding mould. The induction heating coil is at least wound in a peripheral space of the molding mould and is not contacted with the molding mould. The induction heating coil is a magnetic suspension constraint coil. The molding mould has an upper surface without a groove and the upper surface is a plane. The process sequentially comprises the following steps in the vacuum, inert gas or nitrogen gas protective environment: blank placement, induction heating, hot pressing and molding, cooling, and mould extraction. By adopting an induction heating mode, the process can rapidly concentrate on heating a molded blank to Tg temperature above, and carry out the hot pressing and molding within the temperature range between Tg and Tm or the Tm temperature above; a molding strain rate can reach between 10<-2> and 10<-3>S<-1>; and the process has high processing efficiency and can effectively prevent crystallization of the amorphous alloy in the molding process within shorter temperature rise time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to non-crystaline amorphous metal forming technique field, particularly a kind of amorphous alloy thermoforming apparatus and technology.
Background technology
In recent years; Along with deepening continuously to composition, structure and the performance study of block amorphous alloy; People more and more is recognized excellent physical, chemistry, mechanical property and the precise forming property that block amorphous alloy has, with the critical material that makes it to become new and high technologies such as supporting following precision optical machinery, information, Aero-Space device, national defense industry.
Compare with traditional crystal alloy material; The block amorphous alloy material has remarkable advantages aspect the multinomial serviceability; And has a more excellent mechanical property; They not only are superior to traditional metal materials at aspects such as intensity, elasticity, toughness, hardness greatly, and at aspects such as intensity, fatigue behaviours also not second to crystalline material.In addition, non-crystalline material has good processing properties, when temperature surpasses T
gAfter (glass transition temperature); The viscosity of block amorphous alloy is along with the rising of temperature sharply reduces; Under than the low strain rate condition, its strain hardening and strain-rate sensitivity exponent m value is near 1, and its plastic deformation is the newtonian viscous flow performance; Be desirable superplastic material, can carry out various microns even the distortion of nanoscale Precision Machining non-crystaline amorphous metal.
Existing amorphous former generally adopts the mode of resistance heated; Programming rate is slower; Temperature controlling is relatively more difficult in the process, yet the realization of non-crystaline amorphous metal superplastic deformation has strong temperature and sensitivity of strain rate; Most at present bulk amorphous alloys systems, its supercooling liquid phase region width (is glass transition temperature T
gBegin temperature T with crystallization
xBetween) have only tens degree; The temperature range that can supply process is very narrow, in the heating forming process, crystallization takes place for avoiding non-crystaline amorphous metal, and the blank deformation temperature generally is in the supercooling liquid phase region; In so narrower temperature range, the shaping strain rate generally can only be controlled at 10
-3～10
-4S
-1According to above-mentioned mode of heating, heat time heating time is oversize, adds very low rate of deformation, not only causes working (machining) efficiency very low, but also is very easy to cause non-crystaline amorphous metal crystallization in deformation process.
Summary of the invention
Embodiment of the invention technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of amorphous alloy thermoforming apparatus; It is long heat time heating time to be intended to solve existing amorphous former; Rate of deformation is low, and working (machining) efficiency is low, causes the problem of non-crystaline amorphous metal easy crystallization in deformation process.
The embodiment of the invention another technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of technology that adopts above-mentioned former to carry out amorphous alloy thermoforming.
For amorphous alloy thermoforming apparatus of the present invention; Above-mentioned technical problem is solved like this: this amorphous alloy thermoforming apparatus possesses vacuum, inert gas or nitrogen protection environment and is in set of molds, the load coil under the said environment; Set of molds comprises upper and lower mould and finishing die; Load coil is at least in the space around the finishing die, and do not contact with finishing die.
For amorphous alloy thermoforming technology of the present invention; Above-mentioned technical problem is solved like this: this amorphous alloy thermoforming technology; Adopt above-mentioned amorphous alloy thermoforming apparatus, be included in and carry out following steps under vacuum, inert gas or the nitrogen protection environment successively:
(1) non-crystaline amorphous metal or crystalline material with amorphous alloy component are placed finishing die as blank, adopt eddy-current heating, under certain forming pressure, be heated to the above temperature of Tg with the firing rate of 150～180 ℃/s, with 10
-2～10
-3S
-1Strain rate be shaped and obtain workpiece;
(2) workpiece is quickly cooled to the following temperature of Tg, delivery then.
Technique scheme owing to adopt induction heating mode, leans on induction coil to give the blank that will heat electrical energy transfer, and electric energy changes heat energy in metal inside then, and induction coil does not directly contact with being heated metal, and energy transmits through electromagnetic induction.Like this, can concentrate heating shaping blank to T rapidly
gMore than the temperature, at T
g～T
mInterior or the T of (non-crystaline amorphous metal fusing point) temperature range
mCarry out hot forming more than the temperature, the shaping strain rate can reach 10
-2～10
-3S
-1, working (machining) efficiency is high, in the short heating-up time, can effectively prevent the crystallization of non-crystaline amorphous metal in forming process.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of amorphous alloy thermoforming apparatus structural representation in the present invention's one preferred embodiment;
Fig. 2 is a kind of amorphous alloy thermoforming technological temperature curve map in the present invention's one preferred embodiment.
The specific embodiment
Clearer for technical problem, technical scheme and beneficial effect that the present invention will be solved, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explanation the present invention, and be not used in qualification the present invention.
Fig. 1 has shown a kind of amorphous alloy thermoforming apparatus that the embodiment of the invention provides; Comprise confined chamber 1; And the set of molds 2 that is positioned at confined chamber 1, set of molds 2 comprises patrix 21, counterdie 22 and at upper and lower mould 21, finishing die 23 between 22, blank 100 places finishing die 23.Confined chamber 1 is provided with a valve body 3; Valve body 3 is connected with pumped vacuum systems or air supply system (not shown); Can guarantee that whole hot pressing has vacuum, inert gas or nitrogen protection environment, can prevent that workpiece is at high temperature oxidized, to guarantee the surface quality of workpiece.Be integrated with cooling device respectively in the upper and lower mould 21,22, cooling device comprises the but cooling tube 4 of media flow of cooling medium and cooling, and said cooling tube 4 is inserted in the upper and lower mould 21,22, and its two ends are respectively cooling medium inlet 41 and cooling medium outlet 42.Like this, import cooling medium after, can realize the pressure of die cavity 230 cold soon, thereby shorten the time of staying of workpiece more than the Tg temperature, help amorphous product like this and obtain good serviceability.
Above-mentioned building mortion also comprises load coil 5, and it is at least in the space around the finishing die 23, and contact with finishing die 23, and in the present embodiment, this load coil 5 is further in upper and lower mould 21,22 space on every side.This load coil 5 can be common load coil or magnetic suspension electromagnetic confinement coil, and in the present embodiment, this load coil 5 comprises common load coil 51 and magnetic suspension electromagnetic confinement coil 52.Owing to adopt induction heating mode, lean on induction coil to give blank 100 electrical energy transfer, electric energy changes heat energy in metal inside then; Induction coil be heated metal and directly do not contact; Energy like this, can concentrate heating blank 100 to T rapidly through the electromagnetic induction transmission
gAbove temperature is at T
g～T
mInterior or the T of temperature range
mCarry out hot forming more than the temperature, the shaping strain rate can reach 10
-2～10
-3S
-1, working (machining) efficiency is high, in the short heating-up time, can effectively prevent the crystallization of non-crystaline amorphous metal in forming process.In addition, it is pointed out that working as the shaping temperature is T
gWhen above, common load coil 51 all can be selected for use, still, when the shaping temperature greater than T
mThe time; Preferred magnetic suspension electromagnetic confinement coil 52 is as heater coil; At this moment; Finishing die 23 is selected for use upper surface not have groove and is the finishing die on a plane, and the electromagnetic pressure that interacts and produce between the eddy current that utilizes magnetic suspension electromagnetic confinement coil 52 internal magnetic fields and liquid metal to induce makes molten metal under contactless condition, keep certain shape.Can avoid contacting of blank and mould so to greatest extent, reduce because of blank contacts dispersed heat with mould, thereby reach the purpose that is rapidly heated.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of amorphous alloy thermoforming technology, adopts above-mentioned amorphous alloy thermoforming apparatus, comprises the steps:
(1) non-crystaline amorphous metal or crystalline material with amorphous alloy component are placed finishing die 23 as blank, adopt eddy-current heating, under certain forming pressure, be heated to T with the firing rate of 150～180 ℃/s
gAbove temperature is with 10
-2～10
-3S
-1Strain rate be shaped and obtain workpiece;
(2) workpiece is quickly cooled to T
gFollowing temperature, delivery then.
Each step of present embodiment is carried out under vacuum, inert gas or nitrogen protection environment successively, and inert gas is preferably argon gas, can prevent that like this workpiece is at high temperature oxidized, to guarantee the surface quality of workpiece.The blank forming process is at T
NoseAccomplish before (nose temperature) temperature time corresponding point, referring to the cooling curve C of Fig. 2.Can pass through machinery or negative pressure delivery after the cooling.
Select suitable induction coil and induction heating power, can be in 2～4 second time with blank heating to T
g～T
mForming temperature, its time-temperature-crystallization change curve, promptly the TTT curve is shown in A among Fig. 2; Even can blank heating be surpassed T
mTemperature and the liquid state that becomes, its TTT curve is shown in B among Fig. 2.Like this, temperature is high more, and the viscosity of non-crystaline amorphous metal is more little, and promptly flowability is good more, helps blank more and is shaped.
When blank was noncrystal in the present embodiment, forming temperature was not less than T
g, forming pressure is less than 200Mpa.Forming temperature is T
g～T
mThe time, pressure is preferably 30MPa～200Mpa; Forming temperature is greater than T
mThe time, pressure is preferably less than 30Mpa.
Blank is that forming temperature is greater than T when having the crystalline material of amorphous alloy component in the present embodiment
m, forming pressure is less than 30Mpa, and at this moment, preferred magnetic suspension electromagnetic confinement coil 52 is as heater coil, and finishing die 23 is selected for use upper surface not have groove and is the finishing die on a plane.
Present embodiment can concentrate the heating blank to T rapidly owing to adopt induction heating mode
gAbove temperature is at T
g～T
mInterior or the T of temperature range
mCarry out hot forming more than the temperature, the shaping strain rate can reach 10
-2～10
-3S
-1, working (machining) efficiency is high, in the short heating-up time, can effectively prevent the crystallization of non-crystaline amorphous metal in forming process.
Mentioned cooling device carries out in step in the present embodiment (2) the employing previous embodiment; Import cooling medium by cooling tube 4, discharge cooling medium from exporting 42, so circulation feeds and discharges cooling medium; Can realize the pressure of die cavity 9 cold soon, thereby shorten workpiece at T
gThe time of staying that temperature is above, guarantee cooling curve C not with the TTT curved intersection of non-crystaline amorphous metal, thereby avoid alloy generation crystallization, help amorphous product like this and obtain good serviceability.Cooling medium can be water, oil or liquid nitrogen, preferred water, more preferably deionized water.In addition, it is pointed out that present embodiment do not get rid of employing yet and workpiece is taken out the mode carry out water-cooled cool off.
Instructions for use, complexity and size range according to different parts; Above-mentioned blank can be thin slice, powder, bar-shaped or block; In the blank non-crystaline amorphous metal can select this area common non-crystaline amorphous metal, a kind of in Zr, Cu, Fe, rare earth, Ti, Ni, Al, Mg, Co, Pd, the Au base noncrystal alloy for example.Wherein, preferred Zr, Fe, Cu, rare earth, Mg or Ti base noncrystal alloy.The material selection thermal conductivity factor of upper and lower mould 21,22 is greater than metal or the nonmetallic materials of 10W/mK.Shape and size according to the workpiece that will heat are selected load coil and induction heating power; During heating; The frequency of oscillation of induction heating power is 1KHz～1.2MHz; Rated input power is 10KW～180KW, and the load coil number of turn is 2～6 circles, and coil is planar coil or solenoid.If blank thin slice or powder, coil preferred planar coil, if bar-shaped or block, then preferred solenoid.
If select block blank, its size between 2mm～100mm, the preferred 20KHz～100KHz of induction heating power frequency; If select the powder blank, the powder average grain diameter is less than 2mm, the preferred 100KHz～1.2MHz of the frequency of induction heating power, and the induction power supply rated input power is preferably 100KW～160KW.If blank is only done the surface and duplicated processing, heat penetration is no more than 10mm, and the induction heating power rated input power is preferably 20KW～100KW; If heat penetration surpasses 10mm, the induction power supply rated input power is preferably 100KW～160KW.
When above-mentioned non-crystaline amorphous metal is a kind of in Zr base, rare earth based and the Mg base noncrystal alloy; Protective gas selects for use purity greater than 98% argon gas; The material selection thermal conductivity factor of upper and lower mould 21,22 is greater than metal or the nonmetallic materials of 50W/mK, for example steel, copper alloy and graphite.
Non-crystaline amorphous metal adopts the Cu base, Fe is basic, Ti is basic, Ni is basic, Al is basic, Co is basic, Pd is basic and the Au base noncrystal alloy in a kind of the time; Protective gas adopts purity greater than 99.9% argon gas or nitrogen; The material of upper and lower mould 21,22 can select for use thermal conductivity factor greater than 150W/mK metal or nonmetallic material, for example copper alloy and high conductive graphite etc.
Upper and lower mould 21,22 selects for use copper alloy, steel, pottery or graphite material to process in the present embodiment, and wherein, if select pottery for use, induction heating power power is preferably less than 80KW; Select copper alloy, steel or graphite for use, induction heating power power then is preferably more than 40KW.
The embodiment of the invention is mainly used in the processing of bulk amorphous alloys, owing to adopt induction heating mode, can concentrate the heating blank to T rapidly
gAbove temperature is at T
g～T
mInterior or the T of temperature range
mCarry out hot forming more than the temperature, big temperature range has reduced the requirement to the temperature control accuracy, and the shaping strain rate can reach 10
-2～10
-3S
-1, working (machining) efficiency is high, in the short heating-up time, can effectively prevent the crystallization of non-crystaline amorphous metal in forming process.And integrated cooling device is not only simple to operation in the upper and lower mould 21,22, has improved production efficiency, and can rapidly the Forming Workpiece temperature have been reduced to T
gBelow the temperature, be beneficial to large block amorphous goods and obtain good serviceability.In addition, if produce in batches, the shape and size of raw material are fixed, and can realize the accurate intensification to workpiece through the power and the frequency adjustment of coil shape, induction heating power.
The above is merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to restriction the present invention, all any modifications of within spirit of the present invention and principle, being done, is equal to and replaces and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. amorphous alloy thermoforming apparatus; Possess vacuum, inert gas or nitrogen protection environment, and be in the set of molds under the said environment, said set of molds comprises upper and lower mould and the finishing die between said upper and lower mould; It is characterized in that; Said building mortion also comprises load coil, and said load coil is at least in the space around the finishing die, and does not contact with finishing die; Said load coil is a magnetic suspension electromagnetic confinement coil, and said finishing die is selected for use upper surface not have groove and is the finishing die on a plane.
2. amorphous alloy thermoforming apparatus as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, is integrated with cooling device respectively in the said upper and lower mould.
3. amorphous alloy thermoforming apparatus as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, said cooling device have can be in said upper and lower mould cooling medium flowing.
4. amorphous alloy thermoforming apparatus as claimed in claim 3; It is characterized in that: said cooling device has the cooling tube that supplies said cooling medium to flow; Said cooling tube is inserted in the said upper and lower mould, and its two ends have cooling medium inlet and cooling medium outlet respectively.
5. an amorphous alloy thermoforming technology adopts amorphous alloy thermoforming apparatus according to claim 1, is included in to carry out following steps under vacuum, inert gas or the nitrogen protection environment successively:
(1) non-crystaline amorphous metal or crystalline material with amorphous alloy component are placed finishing die as blank, adopt eddy-current heating, under certain forming pressure, be heated to T with the firing rate of 150～180 ℃/s
gAbove temperature is with 10
-2～10
-3S
-1Strain rate be shaped and obtain workpiece;
(2) workpiece is quickly cooled to T
gFollowing temperature, delivery then.
6. amorphous alloy thermoforming technology as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, in the said step (2), in said upper and lower mould, imports cooling medium, and workpiece is cooled off.
7. amorphous alloy thermoforming technology as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, said blank is noncrystal, and forming temperature is not less than T
g, forming pressure is less than 200Mpa; Wherein, when the shaping temperature be T
g～T
mThe time, forming pressure is 30MPa～200Mpa; When the shaping temperature greater than T
mThe time, forming pressure is less than 30Mpa.
8. amorphous alloy thermoforming technology as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that said blank is the crystalline material of amorphous component, and forming temperature is greater than T
m, forming pressure is less than 30Mpa.
9. amorphous alloy thermoforming technology as claimed in claim 5; It is characterized in that; Said non-crystaline amorphous metal is selected from that Zr base, Cu base, Fe are basic, rare earth based, Ti base, Ni is basic, Al is basic, Mg is basic, Co is basic, Pd is basic and the Au base noncrystal alloy in a kind of; Said upper and lower mold materials is selected metal or the nonmetallic materials of thermal conductivity factor greater than 10W/mK for use, and the frequency of oscillation of the power supply of said eddy-current heating is 1KHz～1.2MHz, and rated input power is 10KW～180KW; The coil turn of eddy-current heating is 2～6 circles, and coil is planar coil or solenoid; Wherein, when said non-crystaline amorphous metal was a kind of in Zr base, rare earth based and the Mg base noncrystal alloy, protective gas selected for use purity greater than 98% argon gas, and said upper and lower mold materials is selected metal or the nonmetallic materials of thermal conductivity factor greater than 50W/mK for use; When said non-crystaline amorphous metal is a Cu base, Fe is basic, Ti is basic, Ni is basic, Al is basic, Co is basic, Pd is basic and the Au base noncrystal alloy in a kind of the time; Protective gas adopts purity greater than 99.9% argon gas or nitrogen, and said upper and lower mold materials selects for use thermal conductivity factor greater than 150W/mK metal or nonmetallic material.
10. amorphous alloy thermoforming technology as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, when heat penetration was no more than 10mm, the induction heating power rated input power was 20KW～100KW; When heat penetration surpassed 10mm, the induction power supply rated input power was 100KW～160KW.
11. amorphous alloy thermoforming technology as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, said blank is the powder non-crystaline amorphous metal; When said blank was the powder non-crystaline amorphous metal, average grain diameter was less than 2mm, and the frequency of oscillation of induction heating power is 100KHz～1.2MHz, and the induction power supply rated input power is 100KW～160KW.
12. amorphous alloy thermoforming technology as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, said upper and lower mould selects for use copper alloy, steel, pottery or graphite material to process; Wherein, when said upper and lower mold materials was selected pottery for use, induction heating power power was less than 80KW; When said upper and lower mold materials was selected copper alloy, steel or graphite for use, induction heating power power was greater than 40KW.
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