CN101461159B - 用于宽带数字射频传送系统的发射单元和方法 - Google Patents

用于宽带数字射频传送系统的发射单元和方法 Download PDF

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CN101461159B
CN101461159B CN2007800204721A CN200780020472A CN101461159B CN 101461159 B CN101461159 B CN 101461159B CN 2007800204721 A CN2007800204721 A CN 2007800204721A CN 200780020472 A CN200780020472 A CN 200780020472A CN 101461159 B CN101461159 B CN 101461159B
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CN101461159A (zh
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P·M·沃拉
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Commscope Technologies LLC
Commscope Connectivity LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/16—Time-division multiplex systems in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted
    • H04J3/1605—Fixed allocated frame structures
    • H04J3/1623—Plesiochronous digital hierarchy [PDH]
    • H04J3/1647—Subrate or multislot multiplexing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/16—Time-division multiplex systems in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted
    • H04J3/1605—Fixed allocated frame structures
    • H04J3/1623—Plesiochronous digital hierarchy [PDH]
    • H04J3/1629—Format building algorithm

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Abstract

公开了用于增强宽带数字RF传送系统性能的系统和方法，它通过为即将被传送的每个带宽段选择最佳时钟采样率从而允许多个宽带信道上不同带宽段的传送。因此，带宽段按比例进行分配从而最佳数目的宽带可以串行比特率进行传送。作为一个示例，公开了用于增强宽带数字RF传送系统性能的系统，它包括发射单元、接收单元以及在发射单元和接收单元之间连接的光学传输介质。发射单元包括耦合到多个模-数数字下变频器(A/D DDC)设备的多个宽带RF模拟信号输入。值得注意地，每个A/D DDC设备的采样率都通过各自的采样时钟确定。在A/D DDC设备输出端的数字宽带RF段被合并及转换成帧结构、转换成串行形式，并在光学传输介质上发射到接收单元。接收单元中的光检测设备检测光学传输介质上的串行比特流，串行化帧被转换回最初的帧格式，并且最初的数字宽带RF段被重建。每个数字宽带RF段都耦合到各自的D/A数字上变频器(D/A DUC)设备，它与发射端上的特定宽带RF信号输入相关联。值得注意地，每个D/ADUC设备的输出采样率都通过各自的采样时钟确定，它提供与发射单元中相关联的A/D DDC设备相同的采样率。每个A/D DDC设备(以及相关联的D/A DUC设备)的采样率都被预选择从而传输介质可以给定的串行比特率传送最佳数目的RF带宽。

Description

用于宽带数字射频传送系统的发射单元和方法
技术领域
本发明一般涉及电信领域，更具体地说，但是并不排外地，涉及用于增强宽带数字射频(RF)传送系统性能的系统和方法。 
背景技术
在无线语音和数据通信中，RF信号利用光纤在长距离上的数字传送提供了比当前使用的现有模拟RF传送系统更强的能力以及更高的性能分布式覆盖。链接数字主机单元到一个或多个数字远程单元以执行双向同时数字RF分布的这样的数字RF传送系统的示例在美国专利申请公布第2004/0132474A1号题为“点到多点数字射频传送(POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT DIGITAL RADIO FREQUENCY)”中公开，它被分配给位于明尼苏达州伊甸草原的ADC长途电讯有限公司并在本文中全部结合。 
尽管当前数字RF传送系统比其它类型的RF传送系统具有优势，大量数字RF带宽(如宽带)的传送中仍然存在着显著的问题。例如，现有的宽带数字RF传送系统将多个数字信号合并，并将它们以串行形式在所包括的发射和接收设备之间的公共物理层上传送。然而，现有数字RF传送系统的问题是它们不能为各种宽带信道有效地传送相等数量的带宽。换句话说，传输层上传送N个宽带信道的串行比特流全被约束到一个采样率，并且系统传送频谱(RF)以相等的带宽段(如25MHz块)被点到点地发送。因此，既然众多宽带信道都具有少于(或不同于)25MHz(如5MHz、10MHz、30MHz等)的带宽需求，现有的宽带数字RF传送系统的全部带宽实质上是利用不足的。因此，迫切需要能增强宽带数字RF传送系统性能的系统和方法，通过最大化传送 带宽的利用、将带宽分配定制适应于特定用户在公共平台上需要并且允许较低成本传送系统设备的使用。如下详细地描述，本发明提供了这样的系统和方法，它解决了上述带宽利用不足的问题以及其它相关问题。 
发明内容
本发明提供了用于增强宽带数字RF传送系统性能的系统和方法，它通过为每个要传送的带宽段选择最佳时钟采样率从而允许多个宽带信道上不同带宽段的传送。因此，本发明按比例分配带宽段从而最佳数目的带宽可以串行比特率进行传送。根据本发明的优选实施例，提供了用于增强宽带数字RF传送系统性能的系统，它包括发射单元、接收单元以及在发射单元和接收单元之间连接的光学传输介质。发射单元包括耦合到多个模-数下变频器(A/D DDC)设备的多个宽带RF模拟信号输入。值得注意地，每个A/D DDC设备的采样率都通过各自的采样时钟确定。在A/D DDC设备输出端的数字化宽带RF信号段被合并及转换成帧结构，转换成串行形式，并且在光学传输介质上发射到接收单元。接收单元中的光检测设备检测光学传输介质上帧的串行比特流，串行化帧被转换回最初的帧格式，并且最初的数字化宽带RF段被重构。每个数字化宽带RF段都耦合到相应的D/A数字上变频器(D/A DUC)设备，它与发射端上特定的宽带RF信号输入相关联。值得注意地，每个D/A DUC设备的输出采样率都通过相应的采样时钟确定，它提供了与发射单元中相关联的A/D DDC设备相同的采样率。每个A/D DDC设备(以及相关联的D/A DUC设备)的采样率都被预选择从而传输介质可以给定的串行比特率传送最佳数目的RF带宽。 
附图说明
本发明的新特征可信特性在下文中得到阐明。然而，本发明本身 还有使用的优选模式、其进一步的目的和优势，当结合附图阅读时通过参考下面示例实施例的详细描述将被最好地理解，其中： 
图1描述了用于增强宽带数字RF传送系统性能的示例系统的示意框图，它可用于实现本发明的优选实施例；以及 
图2描述了示例帧结构的图形表示，它描述了本发明的关键原理。 
具体实施方式
现在参考附图，图1描述了用于增强宽带数字RF传送系统性能的示例系统100的示意框图，它可用于实现本发明的优选实施例。系统100包括第一通信单元101、第二通信单元103以及在第一通信单元101和第二通信单元103之间连接的传输(传送)介质111。对该示例实施例来说，第一通信单元101是宽带数字RF发射单元，第二通信单元103是宽带数字RF接收单元，并且传输介质111是单模(或多模)光纤电缆。尽管系统100为了描述性的目的被描述为单向通信系统，但本发明的覆盖范围并不限于此，系统100也可被实现为双向通信系统(如利用各端的收发机)。同样，为了描述性的目的，系统100可被实现为用于蜂窝无线电话语音和数据通信的点到点数字RF传送系统，携带有提供多个基站RF端口和光纤电缆之间的接口的数字主机单元(第一通信单元101)，以及提供光纤电缆和远程天线之间的接口的数字远程单元(第二通信单元103)。此外，尽管传输介质111为了该描述性的实施例被描述为光学传输介质，本发明并不限于此并且其范围可包括任意合适的能够传送串行比特流的传输介质(如毫米波无线电链路、微波无线电链路、卫星无线电链路、红外无线链路、同轴电缆等)。 
对这个示例实施例来说，第一通信单元101包括多个输入接口102a-102n。为了这个描述性的实施例，每个输入接口102a-102n都被实现为A/D DDC设备。每个A/D DDC设备102a-102n的输入都将相应的模拟频带(或信道)耦合到相关联的A/D DDC设备。例如，每个 A/D DDC设备102a-102n都可以较高速率接受输入模拟频带(如来自收发基站的频带)，数字化并将相应频带降频为合适的数字实和复(如I/Q)基带信号。例如，来自A/D DDC设备102a-102n的每个A/D转换器部分的输出可以是实采样序列，表示指配的奈奎斯特区域(Nyquist zone)中的实(正频率)信号。来自每个DDC部分的输出可以是带有正负频率的基带信号(以零Hz为中心)，它包括两个采样流(实部和虚部)，其中每个流都具有等价实值信号二分之一的采样率。 
值得注意地，在图1描述的示例实施例中，到通信单元101的输入接口102a-102n通过可以接受多个模拟RF带宽的多个A/D DDC设备实现，但是本发明并不限于此。在其它实施例中，输入接口可通过其它类型的输入设备实现以接受其它类型的带宽。例如，为了接受多个RF输入，每个输入接口设备102a-102n都可通过在IF工作的(如实输出)的单个A/D转换器(没有DDC)、在基带(如复I/Q数字输出)工作的双A/D转换器(没有DDC)，或以高采样率工作并被数字下变频(DDC)跟随的单或双A/D转换器实现，其中输出是最初的带的一部分的较低采样率表示(复I/Q)。在另一实施例中，每个输入接口设备102a-102n可通过来自数字或“软件定义”基站的直接数字输入(通常是基带I/Q)实现。总的来说，多个输入接口102a-102n可通过任意合适的能够接受或输入模拟或数字宽带段的输入接口设备实现。 
对这个示例实施例来说，每个A/D DDC设备102a-102n都可被实现为可由用户需求确定的能够选择可调整带宽的模块(如可插拔的)RF卡的部分。例如，在一个实施例中，每个A/D DDC设备102a-102n都可被实现为可传递5MHz带宽段的RF卡的部分。值得注意地，每个A/D DDC设备102a-102n的采样率都可通过相关联的采样时钟104a-104n确定。因此，通过为每个A/D DDC设备102a-102n选择合适的采样率，本发明提供将带宽分配定制适应于特定用户在使用的公共传送平台上需要的能力。 
例如，一个或多个用户可期待利用光纤电缆(如传输介质111)将一 个5MHz段和三个15MHz段的组合从数字主机单元(如第一通信单元101)传送到数字远程单元(如第二通信单元103)。对光纤电缆上给定的串行比特率来说，合适的采样率可被选择用于与要使用的每个A/DDDC设备102a-102n相关联的采样时钟104a-104n。对于这个示例，假设5MHz段要输入给A/D DDC设备102a，并且每个A/D DDC设备102b、102c和102d(其中n在这个示例中等于4)被设计用于接受要传送的三个15MHz段中相应的一个。采样时钟104a的采样率被选择从而以给定串行比特率适应5MHz段(带)的传送，并且采样时钟104b-104d的采样率被选择从而以给定串行比特率适应各15MHz段的传送。在实际应用中，对光纤电缆上给定的串行比特率来说，采样时钟104b-104d的采样率(如近似45百万采样/秒)通常是采样时钟104a(如近似15百万采样/秒)的采样率的三倍。无论如何，很容易理解本发明并不旨在受限于时钟采样率的特定设置、可被特定A/D DDC设备接受的频带的大小、要被传送的频带的大小，或者要使用的光学传输介质的串行比特率。 
例如，合适的时钟采样率可被选择从而以特定串行比特率利用光纤电缆适应来自特定A/D DDC设备的输入的75MHz段(如15倍于用于5MHz段的时钟采样率)的传送。作为另一示例，假设每个A/D DDC设备102a-102n都被设计用于处理10MHz的频带。在这种情况下，用于每个采样时钟的合适的采样率都可被选择从而适应10MHz带和/或10MHz的倍数(如采样率三倍于用于10MHz带的采样率的30MHz带)的带的传送。换句话说，本发明以要被使用的传输介质的串行比特率使用户能够仅仅传送所需数量的带宽。 
对这个示例实施例来说，每个A/D DDC设备102a-102n的数字化输出都被耦合到映射器/成帧器设备106。实质上，映射器/成帧器设备106的映射器部分在多个A/D DDC设备102a-102n的输出将数字化带复用在一起，而映射器/成帧器设备106的成帧器部分将复用后的数字化带转换成合适的帧结构格式。例如在实际应用中，映射器/成帧器设 备106可构成提供至多每帧12时隙(slot)(如5MHz)的合适的帧结构。然而，应该理解本发明并不限于每帧的时隙的特定数目以及可被使用的任意合适的每帧的时隙的数目。无论如何，包括复用带段的帧从映射器/成帧器设备106耦合到串行器设备108，它将并行帧数据从映射器/成帧器设备106转换为串行比特流。来自串行器设备108的串行数据耦合到光学发射设备110。光学发射设备110处理并将数据转化为形成串行比特流的编码光脉冲。注入式激光二极管或其它合适的光源产生光脉冲，它们通过合适的光学透镜集中到光学传输介质(如光纤电缆)111中。例如，光学传输介质111可以是单模或多模光纤电缆。值得注意地，光学传输介质被用于这个描述性的实施例，但是本发明并不限于此并且在其覆盖范围中可包括任意合适的可传送串行比特流的传输介质。 
对这个示例实施例来说，第二通信单元103包括接收设备112，它包括光敏感设备，在传输介质111上检测脉冲光信号(如帧的串行比特流)，将光信号转换成数字信号，并且将它们以串行形式传送到解串器设备114。再次，可以理解尽管光敏感设备被用于这个描述性的实施例，本发明并不限于此并且在其覆盖范围中可包括任意合适的可接收和/或检测来自使用的特定传输介质的串行比特流的设备。解串器设备114将来自接收设备112的串行帧数据转换成并行帧数据，它耦合到解映射器/解成帧器设备116。实质上，解映射器/解成帧器设备116将并行帧数据解复用(demultiplex)，并且从解复用的帧中提取带宽段。提取的带宽段耦合到合适的输出接口118a-118n的输入。对于这个描述性的实施例，每个输出接口118a-118n都通过数-模(D/A)数字上变频器(D/A DUC)设备实现。每个D/A DUC设备118a-118n都将复数字基带信号转换成实通带信号。例如，每个数字基带信号都可被过滤，通过各自的采样时钟120a-120n转换为合适的采样率，向上变频为合适的频率，并且调制成模拟信号。对这个示例实施例来说，每个采样时钟120a-120n的采样率都被选择从而与第一通信单元101中对应的 采样时钟104a-104n的采样率相同。因此，到第一通信单元101的模拟带宽段输入利用光学传输介质111被传送为串行比特流，并且在第二通信单元103中对应的输出端被重构。 
值得注意地，在图1描述的示例实施例中，通信单元103的输出接口102a-102n通过可输出多个模拟RF带宽的多个D/A DUC设备实现，但是本发明并不限于此。在其它实施例中，输出接口可通过用于其它类型带宽的其它类型输出设备实现。例如在第二实施例中，为了处理输入端的实数字信号，每个输出接口118a-118n都可通过单D/A转换器和模拟上变频实现。在另一实施例中，为了处理输入端的复数字信号，每个输出接口118a-118n都可通过双D/A转换器和模拟上变频，或者DUC(如数字上变频)和双D/A转换器实现。总的来说，多个输出接口118a-118n可通过任意合适的能够输出模拟或数字宽带段的输出接口设备实现。 
图2描述了示例帧结构200的图形表示，它描述了本发明的关键原理。实质上，图2中给出的帧结构200描述了本发明如何按比例分配带宽，它允许用户最大化可在串行比特流上传送的带宽的数量。因而，本发明使用户能够在多个宽带信道上有效地传送不同的带宽，而不是在那些信道上无效率地传送等量的带宽。 
更具体地说，参考这个描述性的实施例，可以假设四个不同的带宽将被图1中描述的系统100传送。因而，对这个示例来说，带宽A(5MHz RF)是A/D DDC设备202a的输入，带宽B(40MHz RF)是A/D DDC设备202b的输入，带宽C(25MHz RF)是A/D DDC设备202c的输入，以及带宽D(5MHz RF)是A/D DDC设备202d的输入。相应的采样时钟204a-204d输入唯一的采样率给相关联的A/D DDC设备202a-202d。来自A/D设备202a-202d的输出耦合到映射器/成帧器设备206以及串行器设备(未示出)，其将分开的带宽段(A、B、C、D)复用或合并，并且构成包括用于传送的带宽段的合适的帧208。对这个示例帧结构来说，假设帧速率近似为15MHz，并且帧的12个时隙中 的每一个都包括16比特的数字化RF(14位的有效负载)。采样时钟204a的采样率被选择为近似15百万采样/秒(用于5MHz带宽段)、近似90百万采样/秒用于采样时钟204b(用于40MHz带宽段)、近似60百万采样/秒用于采样时钟204c(用于25MHz带宽段)以及近似15百万采样/秒用于采样时钟204d(用于5MHz带宽段)。因此，如这个示例所描述的，帧208中的带宽被按比例分配，通过一个时隙用于带宽A(5MHz)、六个时隙用于带宽B(40MHz)、四个时隙用于带宽C(25MHz)以及一个时隙用于带宽D(5MHz)进行传送。 
本发明的描述已被呈现用于描述和说明的目的，并且不旨在穷尽或限制本发明为公开的形式。各种修改和变化对那些本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。这些实施例被选择和描述从而最好地解释本发明、实际应用的原理，并且使其他本领域技术人员能够理解本发明适于预期的特定使用的各种修改的各种实施例。 

Claims (10)

1.一种用于宽带数字RF传送系统的发射单元，该发射单元包括：
多个带宽输入接口设备；
映射器/成帧器设备，每个带宽输入接口设备的输出都耦合到所述映射器/成帧器设备的输入；以及
各个地耦合到所述多个带宽输入接口设备的多个采样率设备，其中所述多个采样率设备包括多个采样时钟，所述多个采样率设备的每个采样率设备都适于各个地设置相关联的带宽输入接口设备的输入采样率。
2.如权利要求1的所述发射单元，还包括：
耦合到所述映射器/成帧器设备的输出的串行器设备；
耦合到所述串行器设备的输出的发射设备；以及
其中所述发射设备配置成耦合到传输介质。
3.如权利要求1的所述发射单元，其中所述多个带宽输入接口设备包括多个模-数数字下变频器。
4.如权利要求2的所述发射单元，其中所述发射设备包括激光发射器设备，并且所述传输介质包括光纤电缆。
5.如权利要求2的所述发射单元，其中所述宽带数字RF传送系统还包括接收单元，该接收单元包括：
耦合到所述传输介质的数字信号检测设备；
耦合到所述数字信号检测设备的输出的解串器设备；
耦合到所述解串器设备的输出的解映射器/解成帧器设备；
多个输出接口设备，所述多个输出接口设备的每个输出接口设备的输入都耦合到所述解映射器/解成帧器设备的相应输出；以及
多个采样时钟设备，每个采样时钟设备都适于设置所述多个输出接口设备中相关联的输出接口设备的输出采样率。
6.一种用于宽带数字RF传送系统中的发射单元的方法，该方法包括如下步骤：
输入多个带宽；以及
为所述多个输入带宽的每个带宽设置唯一的输入采样率；
合并所述多个带宽；
将所述合并的多个带宽转换成至少一个帧结构；
将所述至少一个帧结构转换成串行形式；
将所述至少一个串行形式的帧结构转换成多个编码信号；以及
将所述多个编码信号发射到传输介质上。
7.如权利要求6的所述方法，还包括在接收单元的如下步骤：
检测来自所述多个编码信号的所述至少一个帧；
将所述检测到的至少一个帧转换成并行形式；
解构所述至少一个帧以产生所述合并的多个带宽；
分开所述合并的多个带宽；
将所述多个带宽转换成第二多个带宽；以及
为所述第二多个带宽的每个带宽设置输出采样率。
8.如权利要求6的所述方法，其中输入多个带宽的步骤通过多个输入接口设备执行，并且为所述多个输入带宽的每个带宽设置唯一的输入采样率的步骤通过第一多个采样时钟设备执行。
9.如权利要求7的所述方法，其中将所述多个带宽转换成第二多个带宽的步骤通过多个输出接口设备执行。
10.如权利要求7的所述方法，其中设置输出采样率的所述步骤通过第二多个采样时钟设备执行。
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EP3267602B1 (en) 2018-11-28
EP3267602A1 (en) 2018-01-10
CN101461159A (zh) 2009-06-17
CN102868475A (zh) 2013-01-09
US7848747B2 (en) 2010-12-07
US20100046641A1 (en) 2010-02-25
WO2007118195A1 (en) 2007-10-18
EP2005627A1 (en) 2008-12-24
EP3468076B1 (en) 2020-06-03
EP3751760A1 (en) 2020-12-16
US20070238457A1 (en) 2007-10-11
EP3468076A1 (en) 2019-04-10
CN102868475B (zh) 2015-07-01
EP2005627B1 (en) 2017-06-07
US7610046B2 (en) 2009-10-27

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