CN101452997A - Organic electroluminescent devices of laminated construction - Google Patents
Organic electroluminescent devices of laminated construction Download PDFInfo
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- CN101452997A CN101452997A CNA2008102468311A CN200810246831A CN101452997A CN 101452997 A CN101452997 A CN 101452997A CN A2008102468311 A CNA2008102468311 A CN A2008102468311A CN 200810246831 A CN200810246831 A CN 200810246831A CN 101452997 A CN101452997 A CN 101452997A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laminated organic electroluminescent device, which comprises a pair of electrodes and an organic luminescent medium arranged between the electrodes. The organic luminescent medium comprises at least two luminescent units. A connection layer is arranged between the luminescent units. The connection layer comprises at least one selected from compounds in the general formula I or II, wherein Ar is mid-condensed-nuclei aromatics of which the number of carbon atoms is selected from 6 to 30, or mid-fused-heterocycle aromatics of which the number of carbon atoms is selected from 6 to 30; n is an integer selected from 2 to 4; and alkali metal materials or alkali metal compounds are simultaneously doped. The device connects two or more than two luminescent units together so as to play a role as a charge generation layer. The device with N laminated luminescent units is N times the current efficiency of a single luminescent-layer device, and gains certain improvement of power efficiency as well. In addition, compared with the prior laminated device, the connection-layer material selected by the electroluminescent device has the advantages of lower film-forming temperature and relatively simple preparation process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of novel electroluminescent device, especially adopted the organic electroluminescent devices of laminated construction of new material preparation.
Background technology
Advantages such as organic electroluminescence device is thin with its body, area is big, full curing, flexibility have caused people's extensive concern, are showing that with lighting field important application is arranged.
In order to obtain high current efficiency, people have designed the mode that two luminescence unit stacks are realized, as people Japaneses Journal of applied phys ics such as Adachi, 27, L269 (1988) and ISSN/007-0966X/07/3801-0871-2007SID, ISSN/007-0966X/07/3801-0089-2007SID) etc.With reference to Fig. 1, laminated device mainly is by articulamentum, and adjacent two or more luminescent devices are linked together.This articulamentum simultaneously can also be as charge generating layers, and the performance of this layer will directly influence the photoelectric properties of entire device.
Common articulamentum (N/P knot) structure has Alq
3: active metal/WO
3And Bphen: active metal/FeCl
2Deng.Wherein N type layer mainly is made up of organic layer doping active metal, and P type layer adopts inorganic semiconductor material.The subject matter that conventional N/P articulamentum exists is, the organic material electron mobility in the N type layer is low, and P type layer mostly is inorganic material, required evaporation temperature height, process implementing difficulty.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of luminescence unit structure of improving, obtain the organic electroluminescent devices of laminated construction of high-performance luminous efficiency.
The present invention seeks to be achieved by the following technical programs: the present invention's lamination organic electroluminescence device comprises pair of electrodes and is arranged on this to the organic light emitting medium between the electrode, organic light emitting medium comprises at least two luminescence units, articulamentum is set between luminescence unit, it is characterized in that described articulamentum comprises at least a compound that is selected among following general formula I or the II:
Wherein, it is 6 to 30 inferior condensed-nuclei aromatics that Ar is selected from carbon number, or to be selected from carbon number be 6 to 30 inferior condensed hetero ring aromatic hydrocarbons; N is selected from 2 to 4 integer;
While alkali doped material or alkali metal compound.
Ar among described general formula I and the general formula I I preferably from naphthylene, connection naphthylene, anthrylene, Ya perylene base, inferior pyrenyl, inferior quinolyl, the inferior quinolyl of connection,
, dibenzo
, this layer plays the effect of charge generating layers
The compound concrete structure formula that described articulamentum is selected among described general formula I or the II is as follows:
Described alkali metal material or alkali-metal compound comprise: lithium, lithium nitride, lithium fluoride, potassium borohydride, lithium borohydride, caesium, 8-hydroxy-quinoline lithium, cesium carbonate.
Comprise two kinds of compounds that are selected among general formula I or the II in the described electric transmission functional layer.
Also be doped with alkali metal material or alkali-metal compound in the described electric transmission functional layer.
Described alkali metal material or alkali-metal compound comprise: lithium, lithium nitride, lithium fluoride, potassium borohydride, lithium borohydride, caesium, 8-hydroxy-quinoline lithium, cesium carbonate.
The doping content of alkali metal material or alkali-metal compound is 1%-50% in described articulamentum and the electron transfer layer.
Between described electric transmission functional layer and the electrode electron injecting layer is arranged.
The material of described electron injecting layer is selected from alkali metal or alkali-metal compound, or is selected from alkaline-earth metal or alkaline earth metal compounds.
The material of described electron injecting layer is selected from lithium, lithium fluoride, lithia, lithium nitride, potassium borohydride, lithium borohydride, caesium, cesium carbonate, 8-hydroxy-quinoline lithium, calcium, calcirm-fluoride, magnesium, magnesium fluoride.
The present invention adopts the compound doped active metal contain pyridine radicals or its compound as N type layer, adopts HAT, MoO
2, FeCl
2Deng material as P type layer, more than two-layer two or more luminescence units are coupled together, played the effect of charge generating layers.The current efficiency of the device of N luminescence unit of stack is N times of single luminescent layer device current efficient.And the device power efficiency also obtains certain raising.The selected articulamentum material of the present invention is compared conventional laminated device in addition, has lower film-forming temperature, and preparation technology is simple relatively.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a device architecture schematic diagram of the present invention.Be respectively the laminated device of common single-shot light unit component, two luminescence units and the laminated device of N luminescence unit.
Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the invention 1 device 1-6 current efficiency-current density curve comparison diagram;
Fig. 3 is the embodiment of the invention 2 devices 7,8 current efficiency-current density curve comparison diagram.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1 a, be device 1,7,9 device architecture figure in the embodiment of the invention 1,2, be common single-shot light unit component.
With reference to Fig. 1 b,, be the laminated device of two luminescence units for device 2-6,8,10-14 device architecture figure in the embodiment of the invention 1,2,3.
With reference to Fig. 1 c, the extension for double-deck luminescent layer laminated device in the embodiment of the invention 1,2,3 does not relate among the embodiment, but still belongs to the scope of laminated device of the present invention.
Basic structure in the organic electroluminescence device that the present invention proposes comprises: substrate, luminescence unit, articulamentum and negative electrode, wherein luminescence unit comprises hole transmission layer/luminescent layer/electron transfer layer etc.
Substrate can be glass or flexible substrate, has electrode above it.First electrode layer (anode layer), can adopt inorganic material or organic conductive polymer, inorganic material is generally the higher metals of work function such as metal oxides such as ITO, zinc oxide, zinc tin oxide or gold, copper, silver, the optimized ITO that is chosen as, organic conductive polymer are preferably a kind of material in polythiophene/polyvinylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium (hereinafter to be referred as PEDOT:PSS), the polyaniline (hereinafter to be referred as PANI); The second electrode lay (cathode layer, metal level) generally adopts lower metal, metallic compound or the alloys of work function such as lithium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, aluminium, indium, and the present invention is preferably Li
3N/Al, Li
3N:Al/Al, Li
3N/Ag or Li
3N:Ag/Ag etc.
Organic light emitting medium mainly includes organic electroluminescent layer (EML), and the luminescent layer color is not limit, can be red, green, color such as orchid, also can be white light parts.The device luminescent layer generally adopts small molecule material, can be fluorescent material, as metal organic complex (as Alq
3, Gaq
3Al (Saph-q) or Ga (Saph-q)) compounds, can be doped with dyestuff in this small molecule material, doping content is the 0.01wt%~20wt% of small molecule material, dyestuff is generally aromatic condensed ring class (as rubrene), Coumarins is (as DMQA, C545T) or two pyrans class (as DCJTB, DCM) a kind of material in the compound, the luminescent layer material also can adopt carbazole derivates as 4,4 '-N, N '-two carbazoles-biphenyl (CBP), polyvinylcarbazole (PVK), but Doping Phosphorus photoinitiator dye in this material, as three (2-phenylpyridine) iridium (Ir (ppy) 3), two (2-phenylpyridine) (acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione) iridium (Ir (ppy) 2 (acac)), octaethylporphyrin platinum (PtOEP) etc.;
Can also comprise hole injection layer and hole transmission layer in the above-mentioned device architecture, the preferred HAT of host material of hole injection layer (HIL) or be 4,4 ' 4 " (N-3-aminomethyl phenyl-N-phenyl-amino)-triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4-three, 4 ' 4 "-three (N-2-naphthyl-N-phenyl-amino)-triphenylamines (2-TNATA); The host material of hole transmission layer (HTL) can adopt the low molecular material of the arylamine class and the branch polymer same clan, is preferably N, N '-two-(1-naphthyl)-N, N '-diphenyl-1,1 '-xenyl-4,4 '-diamines (NPB); The electric transmission functional layer is used the material among the present invention.
To provide embodiment below also in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, specific explanations technical scheme of the present invention.Should be noted that the following examples only are used for helping to understand invention, rather than limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Device architecture:
Device1:ITO/HIL/EL1/Li
3N/Al
Device2-6:ITO/HIL/EL1/N/P/EL2/Li
3N/Al
Wherein EL1 is among the Device 2-6: NPB (40nm)/Alq3 (30nm)/(Compound C 1, C11, C21, C31 or Alq
3) (20nm)
N/P among the Device 2-6 is: (Compound C 1, C11, C21, C31 or Alq
3) doping 10%Li3N/V
2O
5
EL2 is among the Device:2-6: NPB (40nm)/Alq
3(30nm)/(Compound C 1, C11, C21, C31 or Alq
3)
With the ITO electro-conductive glass substrate of the good special pattern of etching as substrate, substrate is placed on the deionized water for ultrasonic ripple that contains cleaning fluid to be cleaned, the washing lotion temperature is about 60 ℃, the substrate that will clean with infrared roasting lamp is dried then, put into evaporation chamber evaporation hole injection layer, EL1, compound L i3N/P articulamentum, E12, electrode successively, evaporate process middle chamber pressure is lower than 5.0 * 10
-3Pa.In the present embodiment, N type articulamentum adopts Compound C 1, C11, C21, C31 or Alq
3The mode of steaming altogether with the doping of lithium nitride double source prepares.
As can be seen from Figure 2, adopt the device of two luminescence unit overlaying structures, about current efficiency is compared single luminescence unit device current efficient and is doubled.Compound C 1, C11, C21, C31 and A13 are not only as electron transfer layer, also as the N type articulamentum material of main part in the N/P articulamentum.Find out from test data, adopt the device current efficient of Compound C 1, C11, C21, C31 to be higher than Alq
3Device simultaneously, as can be seen from Figure 2, adopts C21 as N type articulamentum material of main part Li doped
3N is an optimal case.
Embodiment 2:
Device architecture:
Device 7:ITO/HIL/EL3/Li
3N/Al
Device 8:ITO/HIL/EL3/N/P/EL4/Li
3N/Al
Wherein EL3 is: NPB (40nm)/GH:GD/ Compound C 1 (20nm)
N/P is: Compound C 1:10% Li3N/HAT
EL4 is: NPB (40nm)/GH:GD/ Compound C 1 (20nm)
With the ITO electro-conductive glass substrate of the good special pattern of etching as substrate, substrate is placed on the deionized water for ultrasonic ripple that contains cleaning fluid to be cleaned, the washing lotion temperature is about 60 ℃, the substrate that will clean with infrared roasting lamp is dried then, put into evaporation chamber evaporation hole injection layer, EL1, N/P articulamentum, E12, electrode successively, evaporate process middle chamber pressure is lower than 5.0 * 10
-3Pa.In the present embodiment, the mode that N type articulamentum adopts Compound C 1 and the doping of lithium nitride double source to steam altogether prepares.
As can be seen from Figure 2, adopt the device of two luminescence unit overlaying structures, current efficiency is compared single luminescence unit device current efficient and is doubled.Table 1 is device 7,8 every index contrasts.
Table 1:
Condition | Require brightness cd/m 2 | Voltage V | Current efficiency cd/A | Luminous efficiency 1m/ |
Device | ||||
7 | 5000.00 | 4.75 | 4.05 | 2.65 |
|
5000.00 | 8.89 | 9.50 | 3.5 |
Simultaneously as can be seen from the above table, under same brightness, single-shot light unit and lamination luminescence unit operating voltage be respectively 4.7V and 8.9V, voltage increases less than to one times, so the power efficiency of device also has raising.
Embodiment 3
Device 9:ITO/HAT/EL5/Alq
3:Li/Al
Device 10:ITO/m-MTDATA:F1TCNQ/EL5/Alq
3: doping 10%Li/m-MTDATA:F1TCNQ/EL5/Alq
3: Li/Al, wherein, N/P is Alq
3: doping 10%Li/m-MTDATA:F1TCNQ.
Device 11:ITO/MoO
3/ EL5/ Compound C 1: doping 10%Li
3N/MoO
3/ EL5/ Compound C 1:Li
3N/Al, wherein, N/P is a Compound C 1: doping 10%Li
3N/MoO
3
Device 12:ITO/m-MTDATA:F1TCNQ/EL5/ Compound C 1: doping 10%Li
3N/m-MTDATA:F1TCNQ/EL5/ Compound C 1: doping 10%Li
3N/Al, wherein, N/P is a Compound C 1: doping 10%Li
3N/m-MTDATA:F1TCNQ.
Device 13:ITO/HAT/EL5/ Compound C 1: doping 10%Li
3N/HAT/EL5/ Compound C 1: doping 10%Li
3N/Al, wherein, N/P is a Compound C 1: doping 10%Li
3N/HAT.
Device 14:ITO/HAT/EL5/ Compound C 1: doping 70%Li
3N/HAT/EL5/ Compound C 1: doping 70%Li
3N/Al, wherein, N/P is a Compound C 1: doping 70%Li
3N/HAT.
EL5 is: NPB/Alq
3: C545T/Alq
3
Table 2 is the every index contrast of device 9-13.
Table 2:
Condition | Require brightness cd/m 2 | Voltage V | Current efficiency cd/A | Luminous efficiency 1m/W |
Device 9 | 1000.00 | 4.2 | 8.0 | 5.9 |
Device 10 | 1000.00 | 8.89 | 14.6 | 5.16 |
Device 11 | 1000.00 | 8.0 | 15.0 | 5.89 |
Device 12 | 1000.00 | 8.5 | 14.8 | 5.47 |
Device 13 | 1000.00 | 7.5 | 16.2 | 6.78 |
Device 14 | 1000.00 | 9.2 | 14.5 | 4.95 |
As can be seen from the above table, articulamentum Compound C 1:Li
3N/HAT is this series preferred structure, and device 13 is compared with all the other devices, and current efficiency and luminous efficiency aspect all improve a lot.
Though the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment; yet it is not in order to limit the present invention; anyly be familiar with this technology personage; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; when being used for a variety of modifications and variations; therefore, protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion when the claim with application defines.
Claims (11)
1, a kind of lamination organic electroluminescence device, comprise pair of electrodes and be arranged on this organic light emitting medium between the electrode, organic light emitting medium comprises at least two luminescence units, articulamentum is set between luminescence unit, it is characterized in that described articulamentum comprises at least a compound that is selected among following general formula I or the II:
Wherein, it is 6 to 30 inferior condensed-nuclei aromatics that Ar is selected from carbon number, or to be selected from carbon number be 6 to 30 inferior condensed hetero ring aromatic hydrocarbons; N is selected from 2 to 4 integer;
While alkali doped material or alkali metal compound.
2, according to the lamination organic electroluminescence device of claim 1, it is characterized in that, wherein the Ar among general formula I and the general formula I I preferably from naphthylene, connection naphthylene, anthrylene, Ya perylene base, inferior pyrenyl, inferior quinolyl, the inferior quinolyl of connection,
, dibenzo
4, lamination organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described alkali metal material or alkali-metal compound comprise: lithium, lithium nitride, lithium fluoride, potassium borohydride, lithium borohydride, caesium, 8-hydroxy-quinoline lithium, cesium carbonate.
5, lamination organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described device also comprises the electric transmission functional layer, comprises two kinds of compounds that are selected among general formula I or the II in the electric transmission functional layer.
6, lamination organic electroluminescence device according to claim 5 is characterized in that, also is doped with alkali metal material or alkali-metal compound in the electric transmission functional layer.
7, lamination organic electroluminescence device according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described alkali metal material or alkali-metal compound comprise: lithium, lithium nitride, lithium fluoride, potassium borohydride, lithium borohydride, caesium, 8-hydroxy-quinoline lithium, cesium carbonate.
8, according to claim 1 or 6 described lamination organic electroluminescence devices, it is characterized in that the doping content of described alkali metal material or alkali-metal compound is 1%-50%.
9, lamination organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described device has electron injecting layer between electric transmission functional layer and electrode.
10, according to claim 9 described lamination organic electroluminescence devices, it is characterized in that the material of described electron injecting layer is selected from alkali metal or alkali-metal compound, or be selected from alkaline-earth metal or alkaline earth metal compounds.
11, lamination organic electroluminescence device according to claim 10, it is characterized in that the material of described electron injecting layer is selected from lithium, lithium fluoride, lithia, lithium nitride, potassium borohydride, lithium borohydride, caesium, cesium carbonate, 8-hydroxy-quinoline lithium, calcium, calcirm-fluoride, magnesium, magnesium fluoride.
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