CN101442963A - 用于椎间假体的模组件 - Google Patents

用于椎间假体的模组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101442963A
CN101442963A CNA2007800172453A CN200780017245A CN101442963A CN 101442963 A CN101442963 A CN 101442963A CN A2007800172453 A CNA2007800172453 A CN A2007800172453A CN 200780017245 A CN200780017245 A CN 200780017245A CN 101442963 A CN101442963 A CN 101442963A
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China
Prior art keywords
membrane module
module according
reinforcement structure
module
biomaterial
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Inventor
迈克尔·阿伦斯
埃里克·O·马茨
罗纳德·伯克
本杰明·F·卡特
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Disc Dynamics Inc
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Disc Dynamics Inc
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Publication of CN101442963A publication Critical patent/CN101442963A/zh
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Abstract

一种用于在位于患者的相邻椎骨之间的椎间盘间隙中的环中原位形成假体的模组件。该模组件包括至少第一模件(54),其具有适合置于椎间盘间隙中的至少一个内腔。至少第一管腔(52),其具有在第一位置上流动性连接至模件的远端。将一个或多个分散的加强结构与模件一起置于椎间盘间隙中。将一种或多种生物材料(70)通过第一管腔递送至内腔中。至少部分固化的生物材料、加强结构和模件共同形成假体。

Description

用于椎间假体的模组件
技术领域
本发明涉及多种用于形成原位椎间假体的模组件,具体地,涉及用于适合容纳原位可固化生物材料的椎间盘间隙的模件(mold),以及填充该模件的方法。
背景技术
位于脊骨中相邻椎骨之间的椎间盘,为脊骨提供结构性支撑并分散施加在脊柱上的力量。椎间盘由三个主要部分组成:软骨终板、髓核、以及纤维环。
在健康的椎间盘中,中心部分,髓核或核(nucleus)相对柔软并且是胶状的;包含大约70%至90%的水。髓核具有较高的蛋白多糖含量并包含大量的II型骨胶原和软骨细胞。核周围是纤维环,其具有更硬的坚固度并且包含由大约40%的I型骨胶原、60%的II型骨胶原、以及成纤维细胞形成的有组织的纤维网络。环部分用来为椎间盘提供外周机械性支撑、提供扭转阻力,并在抵抗其流体静压时容纳该较软的核。
然而,椎间盘容易感染疾病、受到损伤、并在老化的过程中衰退。当核开始通过环中的开口被挤压出来时,即产生椎间盘突出,通常达到该突出的物质侵入到脊骨或脊髓中的神经根的程度。环的后侧和后外侧部分最易变薄(attenuation)或破裂(疝出,herniation),因此,也更易受到由垂直压缩力施加在椎间盘上的流体静压的影响。Osti et al.,Annular Tears and Disc Degeneration in the LumbarSpine,J.Bone and Joint Surgery,74-B(5),(1982)pp.678-682;Osti etal.,Annulus Tears and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration,Spine,15(8)(1990)pp.762-767;Kamblin et al.,Development of DegenerativeSpondylosis of the Lumbar Spine after Partial Discectomy,Spine,20(5)(1995)pp.599-607讨论了椎间盘和纤维环的各种损伤和衰退。
许多对椎间盘损伤的治疗已经涉及到核假体或椎间盘填充物(椎间盘隔离物,disc spacer)的使用。各种假体核植入物在本领域中是已知的。例如,美国专利第5,047,055号(Bao等)教授了一种可膨胀的水凝胶假体核。本领域中已知的其他装置,例如椎间填充物(intervertebral spacer),在椎骨之间使用楔形物(wedge)来减少脊骨施加在椎间盘上的压力。用于脊骨融合的椎间盘植入物在本领域中也是已知的,例如在美国专利第5,425,772号(Brantigan)和第4,834,757号(Brantigan)中所披露的。
其他的方法涉及相邻椎骨的融合,例如,使用Sulzer提供的笼架(cage)的方式。Sulzer的体内融合系统(Interbody FusionSyetem)涉及在两个或多个椎骨之间使用植入的中空、螺纹圆柱体。植入物中装有骨嫁接物(graft)以促进椎骨的生长。当邻近的椎骨通过并环绕该植入物生长在一起时,就实现了融合,从而产生稳定性。
用于在椎间盘修复中使用的装置和/或方法也已经被描述,例如在法国专利申请No.FR 2 639 823(Garcia)和美国专利No.6,187,048(Milner等)中所描述的。两份参考文献在许多重要方面彼此不同并且与下述装置和方法也不同。
在美国专利第5,556,429号(Felt)、第5,888,220号(Felt等)、以及第7,077,865号(Bao等)中已经描述了利用微创技术在椎间盘内形成假体核,由能够被递送且在原位固化的生物材料形成的假体植入物。披露的方法包括例如以下步骤:通过环内开口插入折叠的(皱缩,collapsed)模装置(在优选实施例中,模装置被描述为“模件”)、用适于原位固化以及提供永久性椎间盘置换的可流动生物材料填充模件,达到模塑材料展开的程度。题为“可植入的组织修复装置(Implantable Tissue Repair Device)”的美国专利第6,224,630号(Bao等),以及名为“静止混合器(Static Mixer)”的美国专利第6,079,868号(Rydell)中已经披露了相关的方法。
图1示出了示例性的现有技术的导管11,在其远端具有模件或充气囊13。在示出的实施方式中,通过导管11将生物材料23递送至模件13中。在递送生物材料23之前、之中和/或之后,第二管11’从模件13中将空气排空。第二管11’可以在导管11的内部或外部。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种用于形成位于椎间盘间隙的椎间假体的模组件和方法。该模组件填充有原位可固化的生物材料。本发明的模组件可以用于,例如,利用可使得周围的椎间盘组织基本上完好无损的微创技术植入假体椎间盘髓核,或者用于植入假体椎间全盘(totaldisc)。短语“椎间盘假体”通常被用来指这两种变化形式。
本发明涉及用于在患者相邻的椎骨之间的椎间盘间隙中原位形成假体的模组件。模组件至少包括第一模件,其具有至少一个适合置于椎间盘间隙中的内腔。至少具有远端的第一管腔(first lumen)在第一位置与模件流动性连接。一个或多个分散的加强结构与模件一起置于椎间盘间隙中。提供一种或多种原位可固化的生物材料,其可以通过第一管腔递送至内腔。至少部分可固化的生物材料、加强结构和模件共同构成该假体。
模件可选地可以是充气囊、多孔结构(porous structure)、或具有与相邻椎骨的终板相对的开口的加强带。模件可选地包括至少一个阀,其适于在去除管腔之后将生物材料保留在腔内。可替代地,在生物材料的递送过程中,采用至少一个阀排出模件内的流体。
在一种实施方式中,模件包括连接器组件(connectorassembly),将模件流动性地连接至第一管腔。连接器可选地包括适于在去除管腔之后将生物材料保持在腔内的阀。
加强结构可置于模件内腔的内部或外部。加强结构可以是一个或多个延伸在模件周围的加强带、一个或多个适于通过管腔递送至模件中的折叠结构、多个适于通过管腔而相继被递送至模件中的结构等。加强结构可以在模件递送之前、之中或之后通过管腔而被递送。
加强结构可以是可膨胀的结构。加强结构可以可选地包括多个可独立放置的构件和/或联锁构件(interlocking member)。加强结构优选地在拉紧和压缩下发挥作用。在一种实施方式中,加强结构通常是蜂窝状结构。该蜂窝状结构可以是可膨胀的组件或多个分散的部件。
在另一种实施方式中,模组件包括流动性连接至第一管腔的第一模件、流动性连接至第二管腔的第二模件、以及将第一模件连接至第二模件的加强结构。加强结构优选是可膨胀的网状物,当生物材料递送至第一模件和第二模件时,该网状物膨胀。模件、生物材料和/或加强结构可以包括生物活性剂、辐射透不过性质等。
在一种实施方式中,生物材料的递送使加强结构展开(deploy)。生物材料起到使加强结构相对于假体定位的作用。
假体可以是核置换装置或全盘置换装置。优选利用微创技术来递送模组件。
本发明还涉及一种用于在患者的相邻椎骨之间的椎间盘间隙中原位形成假体的方法。该方法包括在椎间盘间隙中放置至少具有至少一个内腔的第一模件的步骤。该第一模件至少具有流动性连接至模件的第一管腔。将一个或多个分散的加强结构与模件一起置于椎间盘间隙中。通过第一管腔将一种或多种原位可固化的生物材料递送至内腔。生物材料至少部分可固化,从而使加强结构和模件相对假体较为牢固。在一种实施方式中,递送生物材料相对于模件来展开加强结构。
微创技术涉及外科手术装置,例如显微手术、经皮的、或内镜或关节镜手术装置。在一种实施方式中,整个过程例如为通过表皮中的微小切口(例如,小于约6厘米、并且更优选小于4厘米、并且优选小于约2厘米的切口)的微创技术。在另一种实施方式中,该过程是仅对于环状壁(annular wall)和/或相关的肌肉组织、或骨结构的微创技术。这样的手术机制通常是通过可视化的应用,例如纤维光学或显微可视化而实现的,并且与伴随着相应的开放式手术方法的恢复时间而言相比,提供了显著较短的术后恢复时间。关于微创手术的背景技术可以在German和Foley,Minimal SurgicalTechniques in the Management of the Painful Lumbar Motion Segment,30 SPINE 16S,n.S52-S59(2005)中找到。
模件通常是指在递送和原位固化生物材料的过程中用于容纳、约束、定形和/或保持可流动性生物材料的本发明的一个部分或多个部分。模件可以包括或依赖于天然组织(例如椎间盘的环形壳(annular shell)或相邻椎骨的终板)用于其结构、构造或功能的至少一部分。例如,模件可以形成完全封闭的腔或室或者可以依赖于天然组织用于它的一部分。而模件至少部分地用于确定固化的假体植入物的位置和最终尺寸。这样,其尺寸和其他物理特性可以预先确定,从而提供以下性质的最佳组合:能够利用微创方法递送、填充生物材料、控制水分接触(moisture contact),并且可选地,随后保持在适当位置或保持在固化生物材料和天然组织之间的界面处。在特别优选的实施方式中,膜材料本身可与固化生物材料的主体一体化。
本发明的模件通常将包括至少一个用于接受生物材料的腔和至少一个达到该腔的管腔。在某些实施方式中可以使用多个分散的或连接的模件。通常,用于形成模件的一些或全部材料将与固化的生物材料结合而保留在原位,而通常在该过程完成后将一些或全部管腔移除。模件和/或管腔可以是生物可降解的或生物可再吸收的。生物可降解的材料可以在美国公开物第2005-0197422号、第2005-0238683号、以及第2006-0051394号中找到。模件可以是非渗透性、半渗透性、或可渗透性膜。在一种实施方式中,模件为高渗透性膜,例如一种纺织或无纺网状物或者其他耐用的、松散的织物。模件和/或生物材料可包括或注入药物、pH调节剂、疼痛抑制剂、和/或生长刺激物质。
生物材料通常是指能够引入接合处并固化,从而在体内提供所需的物理-化学性质的材料。在一种优选的实施方式中,该术语是指能够利用微创方法引入体内位置,并且能够被固化或为了使其保持在所需位置和构型而能够被修饰的材料。通常这样的生物材料在其非固化形式下是可流动的,意味着它们具有足够的粘度以使得它们可以通过具有约1mm至约10mm内径、并优选具有约2mm至约6mm内径的一类管腔递送。并且这样的生物材料是可固化的,意味着它们能够在组织位点原位被固化或者修饰,从而经受一种状态(phase)或化学变化而足以保持所需的位置和构型。
本发明的模组件利用一个或多个分散的接入点或纤维环切口(annulotomies),和/或通过相邻的椎骨进入椎间盘间隙内。纤维环切口促进了髓核消融(nuclectomy)的进行、过程的成像或可视化、生物材料通过一个或多个管腔递送至模件、在生物材料递送之前、之中和/或之后在模件上抽取真空、以及在递送生物材料过程之中和之后稳固椎间盘间隙中的假体。
附图说明
图1是示例性的现有技术的导管和模件。
图2是根据本发明而使用的多种进入路径的示意性图示。
图3A和3B是根据本发明的包含具有一个或多个阀的模组件的环的横截面图。
图3C和3D是根据本发明的包括连接组件的模组件的侧面横截面图。
图3E是置入患者中的图3C和3D的模组件的横截面图。
图4A和4B是根据本发明的包含具有可替代阀的模组件的环的横截面图。
图5A和5B是根据本发明的包含具有可替代阀的模组件的环的横截面图。
图6A和6B是根据本发明的包含具有加强带的模组件的环的横截面图。
图6C和6D是根据本发明的包含包括加强带的模组件的环的横截面图。
图7A和7B是根据本发明的包含含有可膨胀的加强结构的模组件的环的横截面图。
图8是根据本发明的包含具有可替代的可膨胀加强结构的模组件的环的横截面图。
图9是根据本发明的包含具有可替代的可膨胀加强结构的模组件的环的横截面图。
图10A和10B是根据本发明的包含具有多个螺旋线圈组装为加强结构的模组件的环的横截面图。
图11A和11B是根据本发明的包含具有多个球形加强结构的模组件的环的横截面图。
图12是根据本发明的包含具有组装的加强结构的模组件的环的截面图。
图13是根据本发明的包含具有可替代的组装加强结构的模组件的环的横截面图。
图14是根据本发明的包含具有纤维加强结构的模组件的环的横截面图。
图15A是根据本发明的包含具有可膨胀的蜂窝加强结构的模组件的环的横截面图。
图15B和15C是根据本发明的包含具有可替代的可膨胀蜂窝结构的模组件的环的侧面横截面视图和俯视横截面图。
图16是根据本发明的包含具有多个模件和压力激活加强结构的模组件的环的横截面图。
图17A和17B是包含图16的模组件的变化形式的环的横截面图。
图18A和18B是根据本发明的包含具有多个模件和可替代的压力激活加强结构的模组件的环的横截面图。
图18C是根据本发明的在单入口应用中使用的图18A和18B的模组件的横截面图。
图19A和19B是根据本发明的包含具有图案化的辐射透不过的标记的模组件的环的横截面图。
图20A和20B是根据本发明的包含具有可替代的图案化的辐射透不过的标记的模组件的环的横截面图。
图21是根据本发明的包含一对嵌套模(nested mold)的环的横截面图。
图22是根据本发明的模组件分隔相邻的脊椎横突的透视图。
图23是根据本发明的模组件分隔相邻的棘突的透视图。
具体实施方式
图2是人体20的截面图,示出了用于实施本发明的方法的进入椎间盘40的多种引入路径22至38。后部路径22、24在上下横突42之间延伸、或脊髓44的任一侧上的层(laminae)之间(层间路径)延伸。后外侧路径26、28同样在脊髓44的相对侧面上,但相对于后部路径22、24,具有相对于水平线大约35-45度的角度。横向路径30、32延伸贯穿身体的侧部。前面路径38和前外侧路径34延伸穿过主动脉髂动脉46,而前外侧路径36从下腔静脉,髂静脉48偏移(offset)。
取决于进行手术的椎间盘的情况(level),以及患者的解剖学结构(anatomy)。通常,大动脉和腔静脉在L4椎体分开。在L5S1,通路通常是前通路的中线。在L4/5,通路可以是前部中线或前外侧,取决于患者解剖学结构以及收回导管的难易程度。在一些使用中,前部通路被认为是中线通路而前外侧通路被认为是偏移前部中线通路的成角度的通路。
本发明的方法和装置利用了一条或多条引入路径22至38。尽管取决于多种因素如过程的本质,引入路径22至38中的一些路径是优选的,然而本发明可以使用任何引入路径。
在一种实施方式中,递送导管的器具沿引入路径22至38中的两个或多个放置,以便于椎间盘40的准备工作。准备工作包括,例如,形成贯穿环壁的两个或多个纤维环切口(annulotomy)、去除一些或全部髓核以形成核腔、对环/或核腔成像、以及将本发明的多管腔模件置于核腔中。在另一种实施方式中,本发明的多管腔模件在不使用递送导管的情况下被置于椎间盘40中。
图3A示出了根据本发明的模组件50的一种实施方式。模组件50包括流动性连接至模件54的管腔52。在示出的实施方式中,在管腔52和模件54之间的交界处设置阀56。在一种实施方式中,阀58可选地位于模件54上的分离(separate)位置。
利用本发明的模组件50的方法包括,在环62中的位置上形成纤维环切口60。位于椎间盘盘间隙(disc space)66内的髓核64优选被大量地去除以产生核腔68。如图3A所示,在髓核消融后,髓核64的一些部分可保留在核腔68中。然后将模组件50通过纤维环切口60插入,这样将模件54置于核腔68中。
如图3B所示,生物材料70通过管腔52被递送至模件54中。当生物材料70通过模件54行进时,至少部分位于模件54中的空气优选地通过阀58被抽出。在示出的实施方式中,阀56和58优选为单向止回阀,其由生物材料70的压力推动至关闭位置。一旦生物材料70的递送基本完成,将管腔52与模件54分离并从纤维环切口60中移除。在示出的示例性实施方式中,在生物材料70固化之前,阀56可以使管腔52被分离和移除。
在一种实施方式中,模件54、阀56、58、和/或管腔52中的一个或多个具有辐射透不过的特性,其有利于形成假体72的成像。在另一种实施方式中,管腔52可释放地连接至阀56以便于移除。
在一种实施方式中,管腔52穿过(thread to)阀56。在另一种实施方式中,使用快速释放的接口将管腔52连接至阀56。
图3C和3D是根据本发明的模组件500与连接组件502的组装图。模件504的开口端506插入套管508中。然后连接组件502与套管508连接。开口端506紧固在套管508和连接组件502之间。在示出的示例性实施方式中,连接组件502的远端包括与套管508机械性地连接的机械性接口502。可以使用各种技术,例如粘合剂、机械性联锁、紧固件等将连接组件502连接至模件504的开口端506和套管508。
连接组件502的暴露端512优选包括机械性联锁514(如内螺纹),其与管腔518上相应的联锁516(如外螺纹)连接。如在图3E中示出的最好的示例,生物材料70通过优选置于连接组件502中的阀520而保留在模件中。在示出的示例性实施方式中,连接组件502和/或阀520与模件504的外表面基本齐平。在另一种实施方式中,连接组件502可突出于模件504的外表面。管腔518优选在生物材料70固化之前从模组件500中移除。在连接组件502上暴露的机械性联锁514可以可选地用来将紧固装置522连接至假体524。
图4A示出了根据本发明的可替代的模组件80。模件82包括多个开口84。开口84可以是任何形状和各种尺寸。内置瓣(flap)86位于开口84上。如在图4B中示出的最佳示例,生物材料70通过管腔88递送至模件82中。来自生物材料70的压力将瓣86压至开口84,将生物材料70基本上密封在模件82中。
在一种实施方式中,在生物材料70的递送过程中,瓣86允许模件82中的任何空气或生物材料通过开口84挤出。在另一种实施方式中,直到模件82充分膨胀并被压至环62的内表面92时,瓣86才完全密封开口84。
瓣86可由与模件82相同或不同的材料构成。在一种实施方式中,瓣86由利用各种成像技术而易于可视化的辐射透不过的材料构成。在递送生物材料70之前,如在图4A中所示,在瓣86之间的间隔表明模件82没有膨胀。在递送生物材料70之后,如在图4B中所示,瓣86之间的间隔提供了椎间假体90相对于环62的形状和位置的指征。通过在模件82的外表面周围策略性地布置开口84和瓣86,能够在递送生物材料70的过程中获得一系列图像,其将示出形成过程中的假体90并提供用于评价假体90在环62中是否被合适的定位并完全膨胀的参考点。
图5A示出了根据本发明的可替代的模组件100。模件102包括多个具有相应的外瓣或阀106的开口104。如在图5B中示出的最佳示例,生物材料70的递送导致模件102膨胀。当模件102基本上完全膨胀时,瓣106通过核腔68的内表面108被压至开口104。
在示出的示例性实施方式中,生物材料70的部分110在一些或所有开口104上形成凸起结构112。这些凸起结构用来固定(anchor)在核腔68中得到的假体114。凸起结构的其他实例包括倒钩状、钉状、吊钩状、和/或高摩擦性表面,其能够促进与软组织和/或骨骼的连接。同样,如在图5B中所示,生物材料70的部分116在瓣106压至开口104之前选择性地从模件102中溢出。生物材料70的部分116用来将假体114附着至环62的内表面108。此外,模件102、瓣106中的一个或多个可具有辐射透不过的特性。
图6A和6B示出了根据本发明的可替代的模组件120。模件122包括一个或多个加强带124、126。在示出的示例性实施方式中,加强带124附着至模件122的外部周界并水平地置于相邻的椎骨128、130之间。加强带126定向为垂直于带124并且位于模件122的中心,从而分别相对于相对的椎骨128、130的终板132、134放置。在可替换的实施方式中,加强带124、126中的一个或两个可置于模件122的内部。加强带124、126可以可选地附着至模件122。
带124可优选地限制得到的假体136施加在环壁62上的压力的量。由终板132、134施加在假体136上的压缩力向后指向终板,而不是水平地进入环壁62。带126优选地限制模件122在垂直方向中膨胀。在模件122完全膨胀时,带126可以可选地用于设定最大的盘高度或相邻的椎骨128、130之间的间隔。
在示出的示例性实施方式中,带124、126优选地是辐射透不过的。如同图4和5的瓣86、106一样,带124、126提供了关于椎间盘间隙138中的假体136的形状和位置的指征。当将生物材料递送至模件122时,根据假体136需要的条件展开并定位加强带124、126。可获得椎间盘间隙138的一系列图像从而绘制假体形成的过程图。由于在过程进行之前,带124、126的尺寸和宽度是已知的,所有得到的图像可提供假体136相对于椎骨128、130的位置的精确图。
图6C和6D示出了根据本发明的可替代的模组件140。加强带142优选地水平置于相邻的椎骨128、130之间。在示出的示例性实施方式中,加强带142还作为用于保留至少一部分生物材料70的模件。环壁62也可用来将生物材料70保留在椎间盘间隙中。
在一种实施方式中,加强带142优选地延伸至终板132、134,以使得生物材料70基本上保留在由加强带142形成的中心区域144中。在图6C的实施方式中,生物材料70在加强带142的上方和下方延伸以与终板132、134接合。如图6D中示出的最佳示例,加强带142在顶部和底部是开放的。在一些实施方式中,生物材料70可在加强带142的外部周界周围流动。
图7A和7B示出了根据本发明的可替代的模组件150。模件152置于环62的核腔68中。将设置为压缩状态的加强结构或支架154通过递送管腔156递送至模件152中。
如在图7B中示出的最佳示例,一旦加强结构154从递送管腔156释放,其就会在核腔68中采用其最初的膨胀形状。生物材料70被递送至模件152中,在那里其流入加强结构154并在围绕加强结构154流动,产生了加强的假体158。在可替换的实施方式中,通过递送至模件152的生物材料70的压力来展开加强结构。
在示出的示例性实施方式中,加强结构154是编织成的网状物以形成常用的管状结构。网状物154可由各种适用于植入人体的金属、聚合物、生物以及合成的材料制成。在一种实施方式中,网状物主要用作假体158中的拉紧构件(tension member)。可替换地,可将加强结构154设置为用作假体158中的拉紧构件和压缩构件。
在另一种实施方式中,加强结构154、或它的部分由辐射透不过的材料构成。在图7B中示出的延伸构造中,加强结构154的不辐射透不过元件(element)提供了利用传统的成像技术易于可视化的网格或测量装置。因而加强结构154提供了确定环腔68中的假体158的形状、体积、尺寸、以及位置的方式。加强结构162还能够用来将模件152的开口密封至管腔(lumen),以防止生物材料离开模件。
图8示出了具有内部加强结构162的可替代的假体160,其具有通常与核腔68相对应的形状。如图7中所示,加强结构162在递送管腔156中被压缩(见图7A)并被递送至位于核腔68中的模件164中。一旦呈现图8中示出的膨胀构造,加强结构162就可用作假体160中的拉紧和/或压缩构件。
图9示出了根据本发明的可替代的假体170。加强结构172同样通过递送管腔156以压缩构造置于核腔68中(见图7A)。加强结构172优选由如镍-钛合金镍钛诺(Nitinol)的形状记忆合金(SMA)或者由弹性记忆聚合物(elastic memory polymer)构成,该弹性记忆聚合物一旦从递送管腔156中释放出来或者一旦达到特定温度(例如机体的热度)时,就会呈现出预定的形状。在优选的实施方式中,加强结构172具有辐射透不过的特性,其可用来促进假体170的成像。
在另一种实施方式中,加强结构172是设置有螺旋线圈(coil)形状的模件。当可由生物材料70而膨胀时,模件形成螺旋线圈形状的加强结构。另外的生物材料70优选递送在螺旋线圈结构172的周围。
图10A和10B示出了根据本发明的可替代的模组件180。多个分散的螺旋状加强结构182通过递送管腔184被递送至模件186中。如图10B中示出的最佳示例,螺旋状加强结构182在环腔68中缠绕(interwine)并卷结。在一种实施方式中,螺旋状加强结构182在插入过程中被旋转以促进与已经在模件186中的加强结构182接合。
可替换地,这些加强结构182可以是扭结的线(strand),当压缩时其通常具有纵向取向以提供易于通过管腔184递送。当在环腔内时,允许加强结构182膨胀或重新定向(reorient)。膨胀或重新定向状态下的加强结构182的截面面积优选大于管腔184的直径,以防止在递送生物材料70的过程中被排出。加强结构182可与模件186同时递送,或在模件186置于环腔68中之后递送。
多个加强结构182优选是分散的结构,其随机地起作用并可独立地布置。本发明的分散的加强结构182可相继递送并原位地联锁或相互接合。可替换地,加强结构182的组可一起递送。
在一种实施方式中,一些或所有的加强结构182,优选以压缩的状态预连接至模件186的内部。加强结构可以在模件形成的过程中或者在形成模件之后而连接至模件186。当模件186膨胀时,无论是由生物材料70而膨胀还是在测量步骤中仅仅由流体而膨胀,加强结构182都被拉长和/或从模件186中释放并允许重新恢复它们的膨胀形状。在一种实施方式中,在生物材料70递送之后,一些加强结构182保持至少部分地连接至模件186。
当生物材料70被递送并且至少部分地固化时,加强结构182的相对位置则被固定。加强结构182可用作假体188内的弹性构件以提供对压缩的另外的抵抗以及用作拉紧构件。某些或所有螺旋状加强结构182优选地具有辐射透不过的特性以便于假体188的成像。
图11A和11B示出了根据本发明的可替代的模组件200。模件202被置于核腔68中。然后将多个加强结构204递送至模件202中。然后将生物材料70递送至模件202中,将加强结构204锁定(locking)在适当位置。加强结构204通常在模件202中随机地安排其本身。
在示出的示例性实施方式中,加强结构204是多个球形构件206。球形构件206在模件202中相对于彼此流动和移动。在一种实施方式中,球形构件206由金属、陶瓷、和/或聚合材料构成。球形构件206还可以是多层结构,例如,具有聚合物外层的金属核心。
在另一种实施方式中,球形构件206为具有开口的中空壳,生物材料70可流入开口中。在这种实施方式中,生物材料70填充到球形构件206的中空内部并使相邻的球形构件206彼此连接。
在一种实施方式中,球形构件206具有磁性,因而在递送生物材料70之前,它们在模件202中聚集在一起。一些或所有球形构件206可选地具有辐射透不过的特性。
图12是根据本发明的包含假体210的椎间盘间隙138的侧面横截面图。多个多面体加强结构212通过管腔216被递送至模件214中。例如,加强结构可以是椎体、四面体等。在一种实施方式中,椎体加强结构212具有磁性,导致它们在模件214中彼此结合。在另一种实施方式中,椎体加强结构212包括生物材料70可流入其中的多个孔洞或腔,使得加强结构212相对于彼此并且相对于假体210保持固定。
图13是根据本发明的具有假体224的椎间盘间隙138的侧面横截面图,该假体224具有螺旋的或环形加强结构220。可为了通过管腔222递送而将加强结构220压缩,并且当在核腔68内部时允许其膨胀。然后注射生物材料70以固定加强结构220在假体224中的相对位置。
加强结构220优选由有助于维持相邻椎骨128、130之间间隔的弹性金属构成。在一种实施方式中,加强结构220当被装载时,是有弹性的并且是弯曲的(flex)。在可替换的实施方式中,加强结构220在至少一个方向上基本上是刚性的,而在另一个方向上是屈从的,从而允许通过管腔222的插入。加强结构220可选地限定相邻椎骨128、130之间的最小间隔。加强结构220能够用作拉紧和/或压缩构件。
图14是根据本发明的可替代的模组件250的侧面横截面图。多个加强纤维252通过管腔256递送至模件254中。然后递送生物材料70并固定加强纤维252在模件254中的相对位置。加强纤维252可以以单独的线、螺旋线圈、编织或非编织的网状物、开孔泡沫(open cell foam)、闭孔泡沫、开闭孔泡沫的组合、支架、棉球纤维基质(cotton-ball fiber matrix)、或多种其他结构的形式存在。加强纤维252可以由金属、陶瓷、聚合材料、或它们的复合物构成。加强纤维252可用作假体258中的拉紧和/或压缩构件。
图15A是根据本发明的可替代的模组件270的侧面横截面图。三维蜂窝状结构272被压缩并通过管腔276递送至模件274中。当处于图15A中示出的膨胀构造时,递送生物材料70,将蜂窝状结构272固定为示出的构造。在另一种实施方式中,生物材料的递送使得蜂窝状结构272扩张或膨胀。
生物材料70在蜂窝状结构272周围流动并流入蜂窝状结构272中,提供高弹性的假体278。在一种实施方式中,当蜂窝状结构272被相邻的椎骨128、130挤压时,仍保持其随生物材料70一同弯曲的能力。蜂窝状结构272可由多个相互连接的拉紧和/或压缩构件构成。在另一种实施方式中,蜂窝状结构是开孔泡沫。
在一种实施方式中,蜂窝状结构272具有流体流动装置(fluidflow device),例如介于至少一些相互连接的腔280之间的各种直径或阀的孔隙、洞。流体流动装置选择性地控制生物材料70向至少一些腔280中的流动或者差别性地(differentially)填充腔280,从而以适合的方式将不同机械特性的蜂窝状结构272与生物材料70结合。通常,可以将蜂窝状结构272可选地与开孔或闭孔泡沫组合。
图15B和15C为根据本发明的具有多个三维蜂窝状结构284A、284B(总称为“284”)的模组件282的侧面截面图和俯视截面图。蜂窝状结构284被如此构建,即,使得生物材料70的流入可以可选地流向特定的腔286中。在可替代的实施方式中,可选地使用284A、284B两个以上的蜂窝状结构。
在一种实施方式中,在将蜂窝状结构284插入患者之前,使相邻的腔286彼此连接的孔洞可以可选地开放或关闭。在另一种实施方式中,提供了各自连接至不同腔286的多个管腔288A、288B、288C、...(总称为“288”)。一个或多个管腔288还可用于抽空环腔68。
将生物材料70选择性地递送至蜂窝状结构284中可用于形成多种预定的内部形状。使用多个管腔288可以使不同的生物材料70A、70B、70C、...被递送至蜂窝状结构284中的不同腔286中。可基于各种特性,例如机械特性或生物特性、生物降解性、生物吸收性、递送生物活性剂的能力来进行选择生物材料70A、70B、70C、...。如本文所使用的,“生物活性剂”是指细胞因子以及具有细胞因子的制品、微生物、质粒、微生物培养物、DNA序列、克隆载体、单克隆和多克隆抗体、药物、pH调节剂、细胞、酶、纯化重组体和天然蛋白、生长因子等。
图16示出了根据本发明的可替代的模组件300。在示例性实施方式中,在环62中形成两个纤维环切口60A、60B。模组件300通过纤维环切口之一被穿过(thread),因此管腔302、304各自分别从纤维环切口60A、60B伸出。管腔302流动地连接至模件306而管腔304与模件308流动地连接。加强结构310分别在位置312、314连接至模件306、308。
图17A为植入相邻椎骨128、130之间的图16的模组件300的侧面横截面图。生物材料70被递送至模件306、308,其利用了加强结构310上的相对的压缩力316。在示出的示例性实施方式中,加强结构310是由弹性材料,例如记忆金属、弹性金属等制成的螺旋线圈、环或弯曲(弧)。得到的假体312包括一对包含固化的生物材料70以及保持加强结构310的模件302、308,来分别抵靠相邻的椎骨128、130的终板132、136。加强结构可用来抵抗假体312的压缩或用来形成相邻终板132、134之间的最小间隔。
图17B是图16的模组件的可替代实施方式。在示出的示例性实施方式中,加强结构310包括一系列曲折线或铰链(hinge)318。由于生物材料70造成的模件306、308的膨胀产生力316,其将通常为平的加强结构310(见图16)转化为图17B所示的成形的加强结构322。可替换地,铰链318可面对模件306、308而不是终板。在图17A和17B的实施方式中,生物材料70的递送使加强结构310展开为膨胀的构造。
图18A和18B示出了根据本发明的可替代的模组件350。管腔352、354通过不同的纤维环切口60A、60B延伸至环62中。管腔352与模件356流动性连接而管腔354与模件358流动性连接。加强网状结构364分别在位置360、362连接至模件356、358。如在图18B中所示,生物材料70递送至模件356、358中,导致加强结构364在核腔68中被压缩和/或拉伸。
在一种实施方式中,可以可选地将额外的生物材料70递送至紧邻加强结构364的核腔68中。在示出的示例性实施方式中,相同或不同的生物材料70A在加强结构364周围流动并流入其中。生物材料70A将加强结构364结合至环62。得到的假体366具有三个不同的弹性区。具有不同弹性的区域可针对将通过不同的外科手段植入的植入物以及不同的疾病状态而定制。加强结构364可选地具有辐射透不过的特性。在递送生物材料70的过程中获得的一系列图像图示出了在核腔68中假体366的膨胀和位置。
图18C是根据本发明的用于单入口应用的模组件350的可替代的构造。管腔352、354通过单纤维环切口60延伸至环62中。管腔352与模件356流动性连接而管腔354与模件358流动性连接。加强网状结构364分别在位置360、362连接至模件356、358。如图18B中所示,生物材料70的递送导致加强结构364在核腔68中被压缩和/或拉伸。可选地将额外的生物材料70A递送至紧邻加强结构364的核腔68中。
图19A和19B为根据本发明的模组件400的侧视图。模件402包括多个辐射透不过的标物记404。在示出的示例性实施方式中,将辐射透不过的标记物404以预定的图案布置在模件402的周长的周围。如在图19B中示出的最佳示例,当模件402由于生物材料而膨胀时,相邻的辐射透不过标记物404之间的间隔406增大。通过在递送生物材料70之前、之中以及之后对椎间盘间隙138成像,能够产生一系列表现辐射透不过标物记404之间的间隔的变化的图像。由于在递送生物材料之前的辐射透不过标记物404之间的间隔是已知的,所以利用传统的成像程序可以计算出图19B中示出的假体408的形状和位置。
图20A和20B示出了根据本发明的可替代的模组件420。模件422包括多个策略性地位于其周长附近的辐射透不过的条带424。当模件422由生物材料而膨胀时,辐射透不过的条带424之间的间隔426改变,提供了对椎间盘间隙138内的假体428的形状和位置的易于成像的指示。
图21示出了根据本发明的可替代的模组件450。内部模件452流动性地连接至管腔454。外部模件456流动性地连接至管腔458。生物材料通过管腔454递送至内部模件452中。辐射透不过的流体优选递送至内部模件452和外部模件456之间的间隔460中。
在一种实施方式中,当生物材料70递送至内部模件452中时,位于间隔460中的辐射透不过材料462通过管腔458从核腔68中排出。环62的一系列图像将表明生物材料70扩张核腔68内的内部模件452的过程以及辐射透不过的流体462通过管腔458流出区域460。
在另一种实施方式中,当生物材料70的递送基本上完成且辐射透不过的材料462从间隔460中排出时,通过递送管腔458将生物材料或生物活性剂注入间隔460中。在一种实施方式中,外部模件456是完全可渗透的以允许生物活性剂排入到环腔68中,优选经过一段时间。模件452、456之一可选地具有辐射透不过的特性。模件456优选为生物可降解的或生物可吸收的,其半衰期大于排出生物活性剂所需的时间。
在另一种实施方式中,如本文所披露的,一个或多个加强结构464位于内部模件和外部模件452、456之间的间隔460中。例如,加强结构464可以是注有生物活性剂的编织的或非编织的网状物。在另一种实施方式中,加强结构464和外部模件456是单独的结构,例如浸透有生物活性剂的加强网状物。在另一种实施方式中,外部模件456可以是支架样结构,优选涂覆有一种或多种生物活性剂。
图22和图23示出了使用根据本发明方法和装置的模组件550以维持相邻的椎骨556、558上的棘突552和/或横突554之间的间隔。如本文所讨论的,模组件550可单独使用或与椎间模组件组合使用。模组件550还可用来分离相邻的椎骨上的上关节突和下关节突,更通常地是指小平面关节(facetjoint)。
在示出的示例性实施方式中,模件560优选地包括延伸部分562、564,其与棘突或横突552、554连接或接合。中心部分566用作维持所需间隔的填充物。在一种实施方式中,模组件具有H形或数字8形的横截面,以促进与相邻的椎体上的多个小平面(facet)连接。模件550或560与棘突或横突的连接可利用缝合线(suture)、缆索(cable)、系带(tie)、铆钉(rivet)、螺钉(screw)、夹钳(clamp)、sleeve(套筒)、轴环(collar)、粘合剂(adhesive)等而得到进一步促进。本文披露的任何模组件和加强结构可与模组件550一起使用。
本文披露的任何部件可以互相组合和/或与美国专利公开号US2006/0253198(Myint等)中披露的部件组合。本文披露的任何模件和/或管腔可选地由生物可降解的或生物可吸收的材料构成。本文披露的管腔可由刚性、半刚性、或易挠的高抗张强度材料构成。本文披露的模组件的各种成分可利用各种技术如粘合剂、溶剂粘合、机械变形、机械联锁、或各种其他技术连接。
本发明的模组件优选通过导管插入核腔68中,例如在美国专利公开号US 2006/0265076(Carter等)中所示出的。
普通转让的美国专利公开号US 2006/0135959(Yuan等)中披露了实施核消融的各种方法。关于评价核消融或环以及递送生物材料70的公开的内容可以在美国专利号US 2005/0209601(Bowman等)中找到。适用于本发明的多管腔模件的与椎间盘置换相关的各种植入程序和生物材料在美国专利号5,556,429(Felt)、6,306,177(Felt等)、6,248,131(Felt等)、5,795,353(Felt等)、6,079,868(Rydell)、6,443,988(Felt等)、6,140,452(Felt等)、5,888,220(Felt等)、6,224,630(Bao等)、7,001,431(Bao等)、以及7,077,865(Bao等)中披露。本发明的模组件也可以与美国专利公开号US2006/0253199(Lehuec等)中披露的植入假体核的方法一起使用。
本发明的模组件和方法还可用于修复脊骨内的其他关节,例如小平面关节,以及机体的其他关节,包括动关节(diarthroidal)和微动关节(amphiarthroidal joint)。适合的动关节的实例包括枢纽关节(屈戌关节,如在指间关节中以及在肱骨与尺骨之间的关节);枢轴关节(车轴关节,如在桡尺上关节和寰枢关节中);髁状关节(具有椭圆形腔的卵形头,如在腕关节中);相互接纳(reciprocalreception)(由凹凸表面形成的鞍状关节,如在拇指的腕掌关节中);杵臼关节(球窝关节,如在髋关节和肩关节中)以及滑动关节(摩动关节,如在腕关节和跗骨关节中)。
本发明的模件装置还可用于多种其他程序,包括以上列出的那些。本发明的模组件还可用于调节棘突或横突之间的间隔。该模件可用作上下棘突之间的隔离物/牵引器(distrator),从而产生想要的局部撑开牵引和脊柱后凸。这些植入物基于的理论是,它们扩张椎间孔并从而释放神经根和脊髓上的压力。本发明的可注入的假体适于患者的个体解剖结构(individual anatomy)和临床表现,不需要多种植入尺寸。
本文披露的专利和专利申请,包括在本发明的背景技术中引用的那些,以引用方式结合于此作为参考。本发明的其他实施方式是可能的。各种实施方式的特征中的多种可以与来自其他实施方式的特征组合。例如,本文披露的任何固定装置可以与任何多管腔模件组合。应当理解的是,以上描述目的是示例性的,并非是限制性的。通过综述以上描述,许多其他实施方式对于本领域中的技术人员将变得显而易见。因此,本发明的范围应当根据所附权利要求,以及该权利要求所享有的等同替代的全部范围而确定。

Claims (60)

1.一种用于在患者的相邻椎骨之间的椎间盘间隙中原位形成假体的模组件,所述模组件包括:
至少第一模件,具有至少一个适合位于椎间盘间隙中的内腔;
至少第一管腔,具有在第一位置流动性地连接至所述模件的远端;
一个或多个分离的加强结构,与所述模件一起位于所述椎间盘间隙中;以及
一种或多种原位可固化的生物材料,适于通过所述第一管腔被递送至所述内腔,所述至少部分可固化的生物材料、所述加强结构、以及所述模件共同形成所述假体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述模件包括充气囊。
3.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述模件包括多孔结构。
4.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述模件包括具有与所述相邻椎骨的终板相对的开口的加强带。
5.根据权利要求4所述的模组件,其中,所述生物材料在所述加强带的上方和下方延伸以与所述相邻椎骨的终板接合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,包括至少一个阀,所述阀适于在去除所述管腔后将所述生物材料保留在所述腔中。
7.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,包括至少一个阀,所述阀适于在递送所述生物材料的过程中将流体排入所述模件中。
8.根据权利要求7所述的模组件,其中,当所述生物材料被递送至所述模件时,所述至少一个阀包括突起结构。
9.根据权利要求7所述的模组件,其中,所述阀允许所述生物材料的一部分从所述模件中溢出至所述椎间盘间隙中。
10.根据权利要求7所述的模组件,其中,所述阀包括至少一个在所述模件中的开口上方延伸的瓣。
11.根据权利要求7所述的模组件,其中,所述管腔、所述模件或所述阀中的一个或多个具有辐射透不过的特性。
12.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,包括将所述模件流动性地连接至所述第一管腔的连接器组件。
13.根据权利要求12所述的模组件,其中,所述连接器包括阀,所述阀适于在去除所述管腔后将所述生物材料保留在所述腔中。
14.根据权利要求12所述的模组件,其中,所述连接器包括与所述第一管腔的机械性相互连接。
15.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构位于所述内腔的内部。
16.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构位于所述内腔外的所述椎间盘间隙中。
17.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构包括一个或多个在所述模件周围延伸的加强带。
18.根据权利要求17所述的模组件,其中,一个或多个加强带具有辐射透不过的特性。
19.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构包括一个或多个适于通过所述管腔递送到所述模件中的折叠结构。
20.根据权利要求19所述的模组件,其中,当位于所述椎间盘间隙中时,所述折叠结构膨胀或重新定向。
21.根据权利要求19所述的模组件,其中,所述折叠结构具有辐射透不过的特性。
22.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构包括多个适于通过所述管腔而被顺序递送到所述模件中的结构。
23.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构适于通过管腔与所述模件一起被递送。
24.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,在递送至所述椎间盘间隙之前,至少所述加强结构的一部分被连接至所述模件。
25.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构包括可膨胀或可重新定向的结构。
26.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构适于在所述椎间盘间隙中组装。
27.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构包括多个可独立定位的构件。
28.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构包括多个联锁结构。
29.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构包括一个或多个可膨胀的结构。
30.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构包括多个拉紧和压缩构件。
31.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构包括编织或非编织结构。
32.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构包括一个或多个卷绕结构或弯曲结构。
33.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构包括多个相互接合的结构。
34.根据权利要求33所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构通过磁性吸引而相互接合。
35.根据权利要求33所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构在通过所述第一管腔的递送过程中通过人工操作而相互接合。
36.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构包括一个或多个环状结构。
37.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构包括多个磁性加强构件。
38.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构通常包括蜂窝状结构。
39.根据权利要求38所述的模组件,其中,所述蜂窝状结构包括:
多个相互连接的腔;以及
流体流动装置,其介于至少一些所述相互连接的腔之间,所述流体流动装置选择性地控制所述生物材料流入至少一些所述腔中。
40.根据权利要求38所述的模组件,其中,所述蜂窝状结构包括多个分离的腔,其至少一部分至少部分地填充有生物材料。
41.根据权利要求38所述的模组件,包括多个与所述蜂窝状结构中的分离腔流动性连接的管腔。
42.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构包括支架状编织金属网。
43.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,包括:
第一模件,流动性地连接至所述第一管腔;
第二模件,流动性地连接至第二管腔;以及
加强结构,将所述第一模件连接至所述第二模件。
44.根据权利要求43所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构包括可膨胀的网状物。
45.根据权利要求43所述的模组件,包括基本上封装所述可膨胀的网状物的生物材料。
46.根据权利要求43所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构具有辐射透不过的特性。
47.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构在所述椎间盘间隙中时包括至少一个横截面积大于所述第一管腔中开口的直径。
48.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构包括至少一个横截面积大于进入所述椎间盘间隙的递送入口的横截面积。
49.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构包括多个组装在所述内腔中的部件。
50.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构包括在所述第一管腔中时的压缩构造以及在所述内腔中时的膨胀构造。
51.根据权利1所述的模组件,其中,所述加强结构包括在第一模件周围的第二模件。
52.根据权利要求51所述的模组件,其中,所述第二模件包括多孔结构。
53.根据权利要求51所述的模组件,包括位于所述第一模件和所述第二模件之间的生物活性剂。
54.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述模件或所述生物材料中的一种或多种包括生物活性剂。
55.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述生物材料的递送使所述加强结构展开。
56.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述生物材料的递送相对于所述假体来定位所述加强结构。
57.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述假体包括核置换装置。
58.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述假体包括全盘置换装置。
59.根据权利要求1所述的模组件,其中,所述模件和加强结构适合于利用微创技术而被递送。
60.一种用于在患者的相邻椎骨之间的椎间盘间隙中原位形成假体的方法,包括以下步骤:
将具有至少一个内腔的至少第一模件置于所述椎间盘间隙中;
在第一位置上将至少第一管腔连接至所述模件;
将一个或多个分离的加强结构与所述模件置于所述椎间盘间隙中;以及
将一个或多个原位可固化的生物材料通过所述第一管腔递送至所述内腔中,所述至少部分可固化的生物材料、所述加强结构以及所述模件共同形成所述假体。
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