CN101440504A

CN101440504A - Energy-saving aluminum cell

Info

Publication number: CN101440504A
Application number: CNA2008101810462A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高德金; 高伟
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2007-11-23
Filing date: 2008-11-21
Publication date: 2009-05-27

Abstract

The invention relates to an energy-saving aluminum electrobath. The inside of the electrobath is provided with an aluminum discharging tank which can control and adjust the height and the flow rate of an aluminum liquid layer of the electrobath and has electric heating and insulation; the upper surface of a cathode liner of the electrobath adopts a concavo-convex groove-type structure in order that the upper surface of the cathode block liner generates the aluminum liquid; the aluminum liquid produced in the production process of the aluminum electrobath can immediately, continuously and smoothly flow into an aluminum holding pool through a poly-aluminum sedimentation tank and a guide hole of the aluminum discharging tank under the regulation of an aluminum liquid interception device, thereby solving the problem of adjustability of the height of the aluminum liquid layer in a molten pool of the electrobath and the stocking size of the produced aluminum liquid; therefore, through a mode of controlling and adjusting the height of the aluminum liquid layer of the electrobath and the stock of the produced aluminum liquid, the energy-saving aluminum electrobath reduces and removes the negative influence of a magnetic field and magnetic rotation flow of the aluminum liquid layer on electrolyte and electrolytic polar distance and adjusts, controls and stabilizes the electrolytic polar distance and process parameters, so as to reduce the process pressure drop of electrolytic aluminium and achieve the aim of reducing the power consumption of the electrolytic aluminium.

Description

A kind of energy-saving aluminium cell

Technical field: a kind of energy-saving aluminium cell is that the equipment aluminium cell of Aluminum Electrolysis Production is the equipment that is used for Aluminum Electrolysis Production, and its major function is under the effect of low-voltage, high-current, makes aluminum oxide produce the thermoelectrochemistry reaction, generates electrolytic aluminium liquid.

Background technology: existing general aluminium cell, form by cathode inner lining structure and anode construction two parts.

Cathode inner lining is mainly used the molten bath part of being built by laying bricks or stones the electrolyzer that forms by cathode block and cathode steel bar and ramming paste, and its effect provides a powerful electric current of conduction makes aluminum oxide generate the catholyte molten bath of electrolytic aluminum.The upper surface of cathode molten pool is a horizontal plane, is the groundwork face of realizing electric tank cathode conduction, molten bath function,

Between anode block lower surface and the cathode block upper surface electrolysis working lining of aluminum oxide through thermoelectrochemistry reaction generation electrolytic aluminum.

In electrolytic process; because the proportion of aluminium liquid precipitates downwards greater than ionogen; be attached between cathode inner lining upper surface and the ionogen lower surface; form the layer of aluminum liquid layer; this layer aluminium liquid layer be the conductive layer of negative electrode also be the protective layer of cathode block upper surface, also formed a resistance, magnetic field and the magnetic rotation fluid layer of negative electrode simultaneously.

Produce into aluminium liquid in the electrolyzer, the technology mode that the aluminium liquid that to be the mode of inhaling aluminium at regular time and quantity generate electrolysis that now adopts is discharged in the electrolyzer molten bath carries out, in the regular hour disconnected in, the aspect level of producing into aluminium propulsive cathode aluminium liquid layer is to increase along with capacity constantly increases to change, under the effect in magnetic field, produce powerful aluminum liquid magnetic rotational flow, the pole span that the fluctuation of aluminum liquid magnetic rotational flow and impact cause being made of ionogen changes greatly, make that pole span rising, the voltage drop value setting of electrolyzer are bigger, the aluminum electrolysis technology power consumption increases.

Thisly design by electrolyzer molten bath cathode inner lining upper surface horizontal structure, the aluminium liquid layer magnetic rotation that technology the caused stream of row's aluminium in the electrolyzer molten bath at regular time and quantity, with the process resistance consumption that causes by magnetic rotation stream impact variation, both uncontrollable changing factors of electrolysis pole span, the ionogen pole span volts lost power consumption that is caused is the problem that domestic and international aluminum electrolysis industry is all trying every possible means to solve.

For eliminate with alleviate the electrolyzer molten bath in product become the magnetic rotation stream of aluminium liquid layer, minimizing is because of aluminium liquid layer magnetic rotation stream impact variation, the negative factor influence that the ionogen pole span is increased, reduce the production technique power consumption of electrolytic aluminum, we are according to the practice of being engaged in Aluminum Electrolysis Production for many years, and invention proposes to have designed a kind of energy-saving aluminium cell.

Summary of the invention:

A kind of thinking of energy-saving aluminium cell design with purpose is: the aluminium liquid that is produced in the inherent electrolytic process of electrolyzer is promptly produced into the formed aluminium liquid layer of aluminium liquid; automatic adjusting control that can be artificial; the aluminium liquid layer that electrolytic process is generated can play the use of protection negative electrode as conductive layer; simultaneously can carry out suitable adjustment according to state of arts again; to reduce aluminium liquid layer magnetic field magnetic rotation stream to negative impact that ionogen and pole span were caused; reach the effect of adjusting ionogen height and pole span height, with the power consumption loss of the electrolytic aluminum that reduces.

A kind of energy-saving aluminium cell scheme is: energy-saving aluminium cell is mainly by the electrolyzer Steel Sheel, the thermal insulation fire-resistant layer, cathode block and cathode steel bar group, the electric tank cathode molten bath structure that sidewall carbon brick constituted, with by anode block, the aluminium guide bar group, anode large bus bar, conduction lifting truss constitutes upper part of the electrolytic cell anode assembly composite construction and forms, this energy-saving aluminium cell feature is: the aluminium inlet at electrolyzer molten bath cathode inner lining is configured with out the aluminium groove, go out aluminium groove upper end and be configured with cut-off equipment and heating anode assembly, the sidepiece or the end that go out the aluminium groove are provided with poly-aluminium settling bowl, and the upper surface part of electrolyzer molten bath cathode inner lining is the concave-convex type structure.

According to the aluminium inlet of above-mentioned design at electrolyzer molten bath cathode inner lining, install have a cut-off equipment go out the aluminium groove, go out that the aluminium groove is provided with the aluminium pod apertures, the hole and contain the aluminium pond of damming, interpenetrate between them, contain the aluminium pond and be provided with the insulation cover plate.

According to above-mentioned design: aluminium liquid goes out to install on the aluminium groove to be provided with can be controlled aluminium liquid height and work the cut-off equipment that dams and act on, this device is by parts groups such as the rod that dams, lifting mechanisms, the rod that dams is fixed on the lifting mechanism, dam rod and the closed size of pod apertures can be regulated with the degree of depth in the hole of damming by the adjustment rod that dams.

According to above-mentioned design, contain in the aluminium pond top aluminium liquid electrical heat tracing device is installed, being formed of this device by heating the anode shunt system and device that anode utmost point carbon piece, electrode holder, conducting rod link to each other with anode large bus bar.

According to above-mentioned design: the side end that goes out the aluminium groove is provided with poly-aluminium settling bowl, and the bottom surface of poly-aluminium settling bowl is lower than electrolyzer inner groovy bottom surface, and the side of poly-aluminium settling bowl communicates with the pod apertures that aluminium liquid goes out on the aluminium groove.According to above-mentioned design, its cathode lining of electrolytic bath upper surface part is the concave-convex type structure, its concave-convex type cathode inner lining upper surface part can be configured to aluminium liquid trunk diversion trench and branched guiding gutters for aluminum liquid, the bottom of trunk aluminium liquid diversion trench, tilt to having the end that aluminium liquid goes out the aluminium groove by an end of electrolyzer, branched guiding gutters for aluminum liquid is arranged on the side of trunk diversion trench, becomes vertical distribution with the trunk diversion trench.

According to above-mentioned design, its cathode lining of electrolytic bath upper surface part is the concave-convex type structure, about the cathode block that can just differ by two kinds of levels separately building structure form, construct sidepiece aluminium liquid flow-through grooves between the two ends of high protruding cathode block and the sidewall carbon brick and between the recessed low cathode block upper surface.

According to above-mentioned design, its cathode lining of electrolytic bath upper surface part is the concave-convex type structure, about the cathode block that can just differ by two kinds of levels separately building structure form, construct sidepiece aluminium liquid flow-through grooves between one end of a high protruding cathode block and the sidewall carbon brick and between the recessed low cathode block upper surface, the other end of the high protruding cathode block of adjacent with it another piece then and construct sidepiece aluminium liquid flow-through grooves between the sidewall carbon brick of opposite side and between the recessed low cathode block upper surface, in the whole negative electrode between recessed low-carbon (LC) piece of upper surface and the protruding high cathode block upper surface at recessed low-carbon (LC) piece form the horizontal aluminium liquid of a S type groove flow-guiding channel.

Advantage of the present invention: energy-saving aluminium cell, since in electrolyzer, installed have the high low flow of aluminium liquid layer face in the may command electrolyzer adjustable have an electrical heat tracing go out the aluminium groove, the cathode lining of electrolytic bath upper surface adopts concavo-convex grooved structure, can make cathode block liner upper surface produce into aluminium liquid, product in the aluminium cell production process becomes aluminium liquid, can be by poly-aluminium settling bowl and the pod apertures that goes out the aluminium groove, under the regulation and control of aluminium liquid cut-off equipment, immediately flow into smoothly continuously and contain in the aluminium pond, solved aluminium liquid layer face height in the electrolyzer molten bath, produce into what adjustable problem of aluminium liquid storage, thereby use by control and adjust aluminium liquid layer face height and the mode of producing into aluminium liquid storage in the electrolyzer, reduce of the negative impact of elimination aluminium liquid layer magnetic field and magnetic rotation stream to ionogen and electrolysis pole span, adjust control stabilization electrolysis pole span and processing parameter, to reach the technology pressure drop that reduces electrolytic aluminum, realize reducing the purpose of electrolysis of aluminum power consumption.

Description of drawings: a kind of energy-saving aluminium cell structural design scheme of the present invention is with reference to following description of drawings, and it is then more clear to understand the foregoing invention content.

Fig. 1 cathode inner lining tongue and groove is the energy-saving aluminium cell master pseudosection of water conservancy diversion slot type structure

Fig. 2 overlooks sectional drawing for the cathode inner lining upper surface of Fig. 1

Fig. 3 cathode inner lining tongue and groove is the energy-saving aluminium cell master pseudosection of height cathode block structure

Fig. 4 overlooks sectional drawing for the cathode inner lining upper surface of Fig. 3

Fig. 5 cathode inner lining tongue and groove is planted the energy-saving aluminium cell master pseudosection of formal construction for other of height cathode block structure

Fig. 6 overlooks sectional drawing for the cathode inner lining upper surface of Fig. 5

Fig. 7 energy-saving aluminium cell goes out aluminium groove sectional side view

Fig. 8 energy-saving aluminium cell cathode inner lining is a height cathode block constitutional formula sectional side view

Shown in its figure: 1 negative electrode carbon is fast, 2 cathode steel bars, 3 ramming pastes, 4 refractory insulating layers, 5 rifled shells, 6 sidepiece carbon are fast, 7 go out the aluminium groove, 8 holes of damming, 9 contain the aluminium pond, 10 pod apertures, 11 maintenance vision slits, 12 insulation cover plates, the big bus of 13 negative electrodes, 14 anode large bus bars, 15 aluminium liquid, 16 trunk diversion trenchs, 17 branched guiding gutters, 18 anode blocks, 19 ionogen, 20 cathode inner linings, 21 high cathode blocks, 22 low negative electrode carbon, 23 cut-off equipments, 24 rods that dam, 25 lifting mechanisms, 26 positive wires, 27 heating units, 28 heating carbon pieces, 29 upper spar, 30 poly-aluminium settling bowls, 31 conducting rods, 32 jigs

Specific embodiments:

Shown in Figure 3 as Fig. 1.A kind of energy-saving aluminium cell is 5 aluminium inlets along big bus 13 axis directions layout in rifled shell, above the thermal insulation fire-resistant layer 4, structure is installed aluminium and is gone out aluminium groove 7, this goes out aluminium liquid pod apertures 10 on the aluminium groove 7, the hole 8 of damming, dredge stream maintenance vision slit 11, contain aluminium pond 9, interpenetrate between them, hole 8 and the pod apertures 10 of damming intersects vertically, the upper edge portion of pod apertures 10 is higher than the upper level of aluminium liquid layer in the electrolyzer, go into to contain the aluminium pond to prevent electrolyte flow, contain aluminium pond 9 and be provided with insulation cover plate 12, Sheng aluminium pond 9 can be provided with has put into the suction aluminum pipe.Going out aluminium groove 7 can construct with materials such as carbon element, silicon carbide and form.

Shown in Figure 7 as Fig. 1 Fig. 3, a kind of energy-saving aluminium cell aluminium liquid goes out the hole 8 of damming on the aluminium groove 7 and is provided with the cut-off equipment 23 that several can regulate aluminum liquid horizontal height in the control electrolyzer, this cut-off equipment 23 is by the rod 24 that dams, mechanical lifting mechanism 25 and heating positive wire 26 are formed, the rod 24 that dams cooperates closely with the hole 8 of damming, dam and be the square crossing close passage between rod 24 and the aluminium liquid pod apertures 10, moving up and down by the rod 24 that dams when damming, by regulating the dam section closure size of hole 8 and pod apertures 10 of aluminium liquid, how much big or small the flow of controlling aluminium liquid 15 in the electrolyzer inner cathode liner 20 upper surface aluminium liquid 15 inflow Sheng aluminium grooves 9 is, come 15 layers of horizontal interfaces height of aluminium liquid in the regulating and controlling electrolyzer, with produce into aluminium liquid 15 what.

The rod 24 general materials such as carbon materials, carborundum material or silicon nitride bonded silicon carborundum that adopt that dam are made, shown in Figure 3 as Fig. 1, damming rod 24 can be with being fixed in the mechanical lifting mechanism 25, damming rod 24 also can be by being fastened on the anode large bus bar 14 positive wire 26 for anodal, and the aluminium liquid that goes out in the aluminium groove is that negative pole carries out resistive heating.

Shown in Figure 4 as Fig. 1 Fig. 3 Fig. 3, a kind of energy-saving aluminium cell goes out aluminium liquid 15 temperature of containing on the aluminium groove 7 in the aluminium pond 9 for regulating and controlling aluminium liquid, can utilize electrolyzer to produce the conducting system electric current the last aluminium liquid electric heater unit 27 of making is installed, pick out a plate supply in the anode large bus bar shunting, and be connected with anode electrode heat block 28, being considered as positive pole, shunting picks out a cathode power on the big bus 13 of electric tank cathode, be connected with the little cathode steel bar in Sheng 9 bottoms, aluminium pond, be considered as negative pole; Utilize the big current source of aluminium cell, the aluminium liquid 15 of groove being contained aluminium pond 9 carries out resistive heating.Also can directly carry out resistive heating to the part that be considered as negative electrode aluminium night 15 of containing in the aluminium pond 9 with anode heating carbon piece 28, aluminium liquid 15 electric heater units 27 by anode heating carbon piece 28, electrode holder 32, connect aluminium conducting rod 31 part flow arrangements with the big parent phase of anode and formed, the cross section of heated by electrodes carbon piece 28 can be set at circle or rectangle.

Shown in Figure 4 as Fig. 1 Fig. 2, a kind of energy-saving aluminium cell is provided with poly-aluminium settling bowl 30 in the end of cathode inner lining 20 matrix aluminium liquid diversion trenchs 16 with sidepiece that goes out aluminium groove 7 or end, the bottom surface of poly-aluminium settling bowl 30 is lower than the bottom surface of electrolyzer inner groovy and the bottom surface of pod apertures 10, and the side of poly-aluminium settling bowl 30 communicates with the pod apertures 10 that aluminium liquid goes out on the aluminium groove 7.

Shown in Figure 2 as Fig. 1, in a kind of energy-saving aluminium cell box hat, construct aluminum cell cathode inner lining 20 molten baths with cathode block 1 cathode steel bar 2 and ramming paste 3 or carbon paste mud above the thermal insulation fire-resistant layer 4, cathode inner lining 20 upper surface part are that a kind of structural form that is provided with of concavo-convex platform trough is that superstructure at cathode inner lining 20 becomes aluminium liquid trunk diversion trench 16 and branched guiding gutters for aluminum liquid 17, the bottom of trunk aluminium liquid diversion trench 16, tilt to having the end that aluminium liquid goes out aluminium groove 7 by an end of electrolyzer, branched guiding gutters for aluminum liquid 17 is arranged on the side of trunk diversion trench 16, with 16 one-tenth vertical distribution of trunk diversion trench, the bottom of each branched guiding gutters 17 to trunk diversion trench 16 directions by height to low dip; Matrix trunk aluminium liquid diversion trench 16 can be provided with one in the middle of cathode inner lining top, also can be provided with two and be configured between 1 both sides of negative electrode carbon and sidewall carbon brick 6;

Shown in Figure 8 as Fig. 3 Fig. 4, a kind of aluminum cell cathode inner lining 20 upper surface part are that the another kind of form that concavo-convex platform trough structure is provided with is: the both high cathode block 21 of cathode block 1 that is differed by two kinds of high low dimensionals and low cathode block 22 building structure separately become concavo-convex grooved, between the two ends of high protruding cathode block 21 and the sidewall carbon brick 6 and be configured to sidepiece aluminium liquid flow-through grooves 16 between recessed low cathode block 22 upper surfaces, both electrolyzer produced into aluminium propulsive cathode carbon piece sidepiece aluminium liquid diversion trench 16.The upper surface of all high protruding cathode blocks 21 is a horizontal tectonics, and recessed low cathode block 22 upper surfaces can be configured to horizontal plane, also can be configured to slightly scarp, slope about 4/1000ths.

Shown in Figure 6 as Fig. 5, a kind of energy-saving aluminium cell cathode inner lining 20 upper surface part are that the another kind of form that concavo-convex platform trough structure is provided with is: about the cathode block that just differs by two kinds of levels separately building structure form, construct sidepiece aluminium liquid flow-through grooves between one end of a high protruding cathode block 21 and the sidewall carbon brick 6 and between recessed low cathode block 22 upper surfaces, the other end of the high protruding cathode block 21 of adjacent with it another piece then and between the sidewall carbon brick 6 of opposite side and between recessed low cathode block 22 upper surfaces constructs sidepiece aluminium liquid flow-through grooves, causes that the upper surface at recessed low-carbon (LC) piece 22 forms the horizontal aluminium liquid of a S type groove flow-guiding channel between the recessed low-carbon (LC) piece 22 of upper surface of whole cathode inner lining 20 and the protruding high cathode block 21.

Shown in Figure 2 as Fig. 1, a kind of lower surface of energy-saving aluminium cell anode block 18 is arranged horizontally.

After the energy-saving aluminium cell integral manufacturing is finished; cause the product on electrolyser cathode inner lining 20 molten baths to become aluminium liquid 15 to cross diversion trench 16 along artificial direction initialization and link tester; through poly-aluminium settling bowl 30; and under upper electrolyte 19 incrustive protections; in the ballistic environment of no current; process conflux in poly-aluminium settling bowl 30; post precipitation; flow into through pod apertures 10 again and contain in the aluminium pond 9; aluminium liquid 15 is produced in electrolysis in the realization electrolyzer molten bath; can under the electrolysis working condition, discharge by instant successive; flow into the process program of containing aluminium pond 9; and, make aluminium liquid 15 levels in the electrolyzer by artificial adjustment and automatization control; the fluctuation in magnetic field, the temperature of aluminium cell; processing parameters such as ionogen 19 and pole span height obtain best the setting; energy-conservation to realize aluminium cell production, the purpose of reduction aluminum electrolysis technology power consumption.

When the product of energy-saving aluminium cell in containing aluminium pond 9 becomes aluminium liquid 15 to reach certain amount, discharge at regular time and quantity or drain again with the sucking-off of two-maing ladle of suction aluminium.

Claims

1, a kind of energy-saving aluminium cell is mainly by electrolyzer Steel Sheel (5), thermal insulation fire-resistant layer (4), cathode block (1) rod iron (2) group, the cathode lining of electrolytic bath 20 molten bath structures that sidewall carbon brick (6) is constituted, with by anode block (18), the aluminium guide bar group, anode large bus bar (14), conduction promote truss (29) constitute upper part of the electrolytic cell anode assembly composite construction and form, the energy-saving aluminium cell feature is: the aluminium inlet at electrolyzer molten bath cathode inner lining (20) is configured with out aluminium groove (7), go out aluminium groove (7) upper end and be configured with cut-off equipment (23) and heating anode assembly (27), the sidepiece or the end that go out aluminium groove (7) are provided with poly-aluminium settling bowl (30), and the upper surface part of electrolyzer molten bath cathode inner lining (20) is the concave-convex type structure.

2, a kind of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that: at the aluminium inlet of electrolyzer molten bath cathode inner lining (20), what installation had a cut-off equipment (23) goes out aluminium groove (7), going out aluminium groove (7) is provided with aluminium pod apertures (10), the hole of damming (8) and contains aluminium pond (9), interpenetrate between them, contain aluminium pond (9) and be provided with insulation cover plate (11).

3, a kind of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that: aluminium liquid goes out last installation of aluminium groove (7) and is provided with the cut-off equipment (23) that can control aluminium liquid height and work the effect of damming, this device is by the rod that dams (24), lifting mechanism parts groups such as (25), the rod (24) that dams is fixed on the lifting mechanism (25), the closed size of rod (24) and the pod apertures (10) of damming can be regulated with the degree of depth in the hole (8) of damming by the adjustment rod (24) that dams.

4, a kind of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that: contain in the aluminium pond (9) top aluminium liquid electrical heat tracing device (27) is installed, the anode shunt device that is linked to each other with anode large bus bar by heating anode block (28), electrode holder (32), conducting rod (31) of this device (27) is formed.

5, energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the side end that goes out aluminium groove (7) is provided with poly-aluminium settling bowl (30), the bottom surface of poly-aluminium settling bowl (30) is lower than electrolyzer inner groovy bottom surface, and the side of poly-aluminium settling bowl (30) communicates with the pod apertures (10) that aluminium liquid (15) goes out on the aluminium groove.

6, a kind of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that: its cathode lining of electrolytic bath (20) upper surface part is the concave-convex type structure, its concave-convex type cathode inner lining upper surface part can be configured to the form of aluminium liquid trunk diversion trench (16) and branched guiding gutters for aluminum liquid (17), the bottom of trunk aluminium liquid diversion trench (16), tilt to having the end that aluminium liquid (15) goes out aluminium groove (7) by an end of electrolyzer, branched guiding gutters for aluminum liquid (17) is arranged on the side of trunk diversion trench (16), becomes vertical distribution with trunk diversion trench (16).

7, a kind of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that: cathode lining of electrolytic bath (20) upper surface part is the concave-convex type structure, about the cathode block (1) that can just differ by two kinds of levels separately building structure form, construct sidepiece aluminium liquid flow-through grooves (16) between the two ends of high protruding cathode block (21) and the sidewall carbon brick and between recessed low cathode block (22) upper surface.

8, a kind of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that: cathode lining of electrolytic bath (20) upper surface part is the concave-convex type structure, about the cathode block (1) that can just differ by two kinds of levels separately building structure form, construct sidepiece aluminium liquid flow-through grooves (16) between one end of a high protruding cathode block (21) and the sidewall carbon brick and between recessed low cathode block (22) upper surface, the other end of the adjacent with it high protruding cathode block of another piece (21) then and between the sidewall carbon brick of opposite side and between recessed low cathode block (22) upper surface constructs sidepiece aluminium liquid flow-through grooves (16), and the upper surface at recessed low-carbon (LC) piece between recessed low-carbon (LC) piece of whole cathode inner lining upper surface and the protruding high cathode block forms the horizontal aluminium liquid of a S type groove flow-guiding channel.