CN101429217B - 磷脂型神经酸及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种磷脂型神经酸的理化指标为酸值：15-40mgKOH/g，神经酸含量：0.5-50wt％，磷含量3.0-3.8wt％。是以含神经酸的油脂为原料与磷脂进行生物酶催化酯交换反应，将神经酸嫁接到磷脂上，制备成磷脂型神经酸。本发明具有可以兼有磷脂及神经酸的协同效应，同时磷脂型神经酸更容易被人体吸收。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于一种磷脂型神经酸及其制备方法。
技术背景
神经酸(Nervonic Acid)，化学名顺-15-二十四碳烯酸，分子式C24H46O2，分子量366.6，白色片状晶体，神经酸最早发现于哺乳动物的神经组织，是神经组织中生物膜的重要组成成分，是脑甙中髓质的标志性成分，是大脑神经纤维和神经细胞的核心天然成分。神经酸的缺乏将会引起老年痴呆、脑瘫、脑萎缩、记忆力减退、失眠健忘等脑疾病。人体自身很难生成，只能靠体外摄取来补充，是国内外极受青睐的新一代保健品添加剂。
磷脂，是含有磷脂根的类脂化合物，是生命基础物质，细胞膜就由70％左右蛋白质和30％左右的磷脂构成。磷脂由磷脂酰胆碱(卵磷脂)，磷脂酰肌醇，磷脂酰乙醇胺(脑磷脂)、磷脂酸等组成。这些磷脂分别对人体的各部位和各器官起着相应的功能。磷脂主要有以下作用：①乳化作用，分解过高的血脂和过高的胆固醇，清扫清管，使血管循环顺畅，是公认为血管清道夫，可以使中性脂肪和血管中积压的胆固醇乳化为对人体无害的微分子状态，并溶解于水中排出体外；②益智作用，人体神经细胞和大脑细胞是由磷脂为主所构成的细胞薄膜，磷脂不足会导致薄膜受损，造成智力减退，精神紧张。而磷脂酰胆碱中的胆碱进入人体内与乙酰基结合，构成的乙酰胆碱是各种神经细胞和大脑细胞间传递信息的载体，可以加快神经细胞和大脑细胞间信息传递的速度，增加记忆力，预防老年痴呆；③活化细胞，磷脂是细胞膜的重要组成部分，肩负着细胞内外物质交换的重任。如果人每天所消耗的磷脂得不到补充，细胞就会处于营养缺乏状态，失去活力。
目前市场上已经有各种纯度的神经酸产品，包括神经酸胶囊等等。然而神经酸为二十四碳长链单不饱和脂肪酸，溶点42~44℃，不溶于水，极不利于人体吸收，如何提高人体对神经酸的吸收功能是解决问题的关键。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对神经酸的人体吸收问题，提供一种适合人体吸收的磷脂型神经酸及其制备方法。
Magnus 
等参考前人的研究指出，同脂肪酸甘油三酯及脂肪酸乙酯相比，以磷脂的形式存在的脂肪酸容易被人体吸收，尤其是当脂肪酸在磷脂的2号位时(JAOCS，1995，Vol.72，No.6：641-646)更容易被人体吸收，本发明将富含神经酸的油脂与磷脂进行酶催化酯交换反应，将神经酸分子引入磷脂中，提高其溶解及吸收性能。
本发明的磷脂型神经酸，其理化指标为酸值：15-40mgKOH/g，神经酸含量：0.5-50wt％，磷含量3.0-3.8wt％。
本发明的具体制备方法如下：
(1)将磷脂100重量份，含神经酸油脂50-300重量份，生物酶6-30重量份混合，控制反应温度35-60℃，反应时间6-72小时；
(2)将反应产物离心或过滤脱除生物酶，通过丙酮萃取脱除未反应的油脂，将丙酮不溶物干燥得到磷脂型神经酸产品。
如上所述的磷脂是磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酸等单一磷脂或它们的混合物。它们的混合物如大豆磷脂、蛋黄磷脂等。
如上所述的生物酶是指脂肪酶、磷脂酶A或磷脂酶B。
如上所述的含神经酸油脂是指含神经酸的脂肪酸，含神经酸乙酯的脂肪酸乙酯或含神经酸的甘油三酯。
如上所述的含神经酸的脂肪酸是指不同纯度的混合神经酸，其神经酸含量为2-90wt％。
如上所述的含神经酸乙酯的混合脂肪酸乙酯是指不同纯度的神经酸乙酯，其神经酸乙酯含量为2-90wt％。
如上所述的含神经酸的甘油三酯是指各种含神经酸的植物油脂，如蒜头果油、盾叶木油、遏蓝菜油、元宝枫油、色木槭油、冬青油、文冠果油、萝卜籽油等等，其神经酸含量1-65wt％。
本发明的优点：
(1)将神经酸分子引入磷脂中，利用磷脂的乳化性能将神经酸带入细胞中，解决了神经酸难溶于水，不易吸收的难题；
(2)具有神经酸与磷脂的协同作用，更有利于大脑保健。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
取蛋黄卵磷脂100重量份，元宝枫油200重量份，固定化磷脂酶Al 30重量份混合，控制反应温度45℃，搅拌反应48小时；反应停止后离心脱除磷脂酶，再通过丙酮萃取脱除未反应的元宝枫油脂，将丙酮不溶物干燥得到磷脂型神经酸产品，酸值12mgKOH/g，气相色谱分析磷脂中神经酸含量3.6wt％，磷含量3.4wt％。
实施例2：
取大豆卵磷脂100重量份，蒜头果油100重量份，诺维信公司TLIM脂肪酶12重量份混合，控制反应温度50℃，搅拌反应12小时；反应停止后过滤脱除脂肪酶，再通过丙酮萃取脱除未反应的蒜头果油脂，将丙酮不溶物干燥得到磷脂型神经酸产品，酸值6mgKOH/g，气相色谱分析磷脂中神经酸含量23.8wt％，磷含量3.8wt％。
实施例3：
取磷脂酰胆碱(含量80％，PC80)100重量份，神经酸含量60％的脂肪酸乙酯混合物60重量份，深圳绿微康碱性脂肪酶LTK-T100 8份混合，控制反应温度55℃，搅拌反应36小时；反应停止后过滤脱除脂肪酶，再通过丙酮萃取脱除未反应的脂肪酸乙酯，将丙酮不溶物干燥得到磷脂型神经酸产品，酸值20mgKOH/g，气相色谱分析磷脂中神经酸含量15.2wt％，磷含量3.6wt％。
实施例4：
取磷脂酰乙醇胺(脑磷脂)100重量份，市售神经酸(含量＞80％)300重量份，日本天野制药的脂肪酶18重量份混合，控制反应温度50℃，搅拌反应72小时；反应停止后过滤脱除脂肪酶，再通过丙酮萃取脱除未反应的脂肪酸乙酯，将丙酮不溶物干燥得到磷脂型神经酸产品，酸值16mgKOH/g，气相色谱分析磷脂中神经酸含量45.2wt％，磷含量3.2wt％。
Claims (5)
1.一种磷脂型神经酸，其特征在于磷脂型神经酸的理化指标为酸值：
15-40mgKOH/g，神经酸含量：0.5-50wt％，磷含量3.0-3.8wt％；
同时由如下方法制备的：
(1)将磷脂100重量份，含神经酸油脂50-300重量份，生物酶6-30重量份混合，控制反应温度35-60℃，反应时间6-72小时；
(2)将反应产物离心或过滤脱除生物酶，通过丙酮萃取脱除未反应的油脂，将丙酮不溶物干燥得到磷脂型神经酸产品；
所述的生物酶是脂肪酶、磷脂酶A或磷脂酶B。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种磷脂型神经酸，其特征在于所述的磷脂是磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰肌醇或磷脂酸。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种磷脂型神经酸，其特征在于所述的含神经酸油脂是含神经酸的植物油脂。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种磷脂型神经酸，其特征在于所述的含神经酸的植物油脂，其神经酸含量1-65wt％。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种磷脂型神经酸，其特征在于所述的含神经酸的植物油脂为蒜头果油、盾叶木油、遏蓝菜油、元宝枫油、色木槭油、冬青油、文冠果油或萝卜籽油。
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| CN1398844A (zh) * | 2002-09-04 | 2003-02-26 | 杭州施惠泰食品化学有限公司 | 神经酸的提取、纯化生产工艺 |
| CN101092344A (zh) * | 2007-07-06 | 2007-12-26 | 杨凌七彩生物科技有限公司 | 一种用分子蒸馏技术从元宝枫油中提取神经酸的方法 |
| CN101285000A (zh) * | 2008-05-30 | 2008-10-15 | 云南百瑞特生物开发有限公司 | 一种以元宝枫油为原料制备生物柴油及神经酸的方法 |
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| CN1398844A (zh) * | 2002-09-04 | 2003-02-26 | 杭州施惠泰食品化学有限公司 | 神经酸的提取、纯化生产工艺 |
| CN101092344A (zh) * | 2007-07-06 | 2007-12-26 | 杨凌七彩生物科技有限公司 | 一种用分子蒸馏技术从元宝枫油中提取神经酸的方法 |
| CN101285000A (zh) * | 2008-05-30 | 2008-10-15 | 云南百瑞特生物开发有限公司 | 一种以元宝枫油为原料制备生物柴油及神经酸的方法 |
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