CN101427034A - 锚固件 - Google Patents

锚固件 Download PDF

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CN101427034A
CN101427034A CNA2007800141050A CN200780014105A CN101427034A CN 101427034 A CN101427034 A CN 101427034A CN A2007800141050 A CNA2007800141050 A CN A2007800141050A CN 200780014105 A CN200780014105 A CN 200780014105A CN 101427034 A CN101427034 A CN 101427034A
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anchoring piece
expansion element
individual component
spacer sleeve
crab
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M·林卡
P·希林格
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Fischerwerke GmbH and Co KG
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Fischerwerke GmbH and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
    • F16B13/04—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front
    • F16B13/08—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front with separate or non-separate gripping parts moved into their final position in relation to the body of the device without further manual operation
    • F16B13/0841—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front with separate or non-separate gripping parts moved into their final position in relation to the body of the device without further manual operation with a deformable sleeve member driven against the abutting surface of the head of the bolt or of a plug
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
    • F16B13/04—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front
    • F16B13/045—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front having axially compressing parts allowing the clamping of an object tightly to the wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
    • F16B13/04—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front
    • F16B13/06—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front combined with expanding sleeve
    • F16B13/061—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front combined with expanding sleeve of the buckling type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
    • F16B13/04—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front
    • F16B13/06—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front combined with expanding sleeve
    • F16B13/063—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front combined with expanding sleeve by the use of an expander
    • F16B13/066—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front combined with expanding sleeve by the use of an expander fastened by extracting a separate expander-part, actuated by the screw, nail or the like
    • F16B13/068—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front combined with expanding sleeve by the use of an expander fastened by extracting a separate expander-part, actuated by the screw, nail or the like expanded in two or more places
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
    • F16B13/04—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front
    • F16B13/08—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front with separate or non-separate gripping parts moved into their final position in relation to the body of the device without further manual operation
    • F16B13/0858—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front with separate or non-separate gripping parts moved into their final position in relation to the body of the device without further manual operation with an expansible sleeve or dowel body driven against a tapered or spherical expander plug

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Dowels (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Exchange Systems With Centralized Control (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种锚固件，用于把物体(17)紧固在基底(16)上，该锚固件(1b)带有一根锚栓(2b)、一个在锚固件(1b)的插入方向前端配置的顶座(3b)和一个橡胶状的膨胀元件(5b)。为了这种锚固件对不同基底的最佳适配，本发明建议膨胀元件(5b)具有不同硬度的区段。

Description

锚固件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于把物体固定在基底上的具有权利要求1前序部分所述特征的锚固件。
背景技术
带有橡胶类膨胀元件的锚固件长时间以来已为人所熟知。文献DE 1008 995示范性地示出了这种锚固件，它具有一个钢制锚栓，该锚栓在该锚固件的插入方向前端配有一个螺母状的顶座，该顶座邻接配有间隔套管的套管状橡胶膨胀元件。而在该顶座对面的锚栓端部则配有一个螺母。为了膨胀锚固件，锚固件被插入基底上钻好的孔中，锚栓通过旋转螺母被拧紧，于是该顶座朝螺母方向拉动，使锚固件的膨胀元件压缩，膨胀元件通过压缩向外鼓出并胀紧在钻孔中。
这种锚固件尤其适用于例如把支架固定在建筑物上而可重复使用。通过拧松锚栓，使其卸压，于是它恢复原状，从而可拆下锚固件。正是在这种锚固件的不断变化的使用场合下，可能遇到各种各样的基底，例如实心建材或空心建材的基底。但这种锚固件对这些不同的使用场合的适用性是十分有限的。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的在于对这种锚固件进行如下改进，使之适用于各种各样的基底，即在其他各方面相当的情况下获得更高的保存价值。
根据本发明，这个目的是通过权利要求1的特征来实现的。本发明建议，该膨胀元件具有不同硬度的区段。不同的硬度引起不同的弹性，而对本发明来说，弹性毕竟是决定性的依据。但对橡胶材料来说，弹性常常是间接地通过硬度来确定的。通过膨胀元件的区段不同的硬度，使它在不同区段内产生不均匀的变形：在较硬的区段内可达到很高的贴合力，而在较软的区段内则有利于它挤入侧凹部位，例如挤入砖块空腔中并由此达到形状连接。因此，这种锚固件适用于各种各样的基底，而且基底受到保护，即对脆性材料不引起破裂。在形成裂纹时，该锚固件再膨胀、减震并密封钻孔。
应当说明的是，这里“橡胶类”的概念指的是那些具有类似橡胶性能的材料。“区段”的概念不应理解成不同硬度之间的明确的界线，不同硬度的区段既可相互连续转移，又可不连续转移。
原则上，膨胀元件的硬度可在整个圆周方向变化，但它最好在锚固件的整个长度上变化并尤其是随锚固件的插入方向减小。所以通过膨胀元件的膨胀就可使它达到例如梨状的膨胀，这尤其在基底有空腔的情况下产生有利的锚固效果。
膨胀元件由一组前后排列的单独元件组成在经济上是比较合理的。在最简单的情况中，这些单独元件为环形或套管形。特别是其外部形状不必一定为圆形，即例如可为异形或多边形。
这些单独元件在锚固件的纵向内最好具有不同的尺寸或还具有不同的表面状态，视硬度和直径的匹配而定。在这些单独元件之间最好配置钢垫圈。
顶座最好为圆柱形，但最好为圆锥形。
锚固件既可设计成套管式锚固件，又可设计成锚栓式锚固件。套管式锚固件指的是顶座呈螺母状拧在带螺纹的锚杆上，如上述文献DE 1008 995所示。而锚杆式锚固件则指的是该顶座抗扭地与锚杆连接，且锚杆在其对应端上配有螺纹而可用螺母拧在其上。在这两种情况中，顶座和锚杆的对应端即螺母之间的膨胀元件都被压缩并由此被胀紧。
不论是套管式锚固件还是锚杆式锚固件都可在其插入方向内在膨胀元件后面配置一个例如用钢制成的间隔套。一方面，这种间隔套可把膨胀元件的长度限制到锚固区，从而限制锚固件锚固的旋转次数。另一方面，该间隔套也可用于把横向力导入基底。为此，该间隔套最好具有比膨胀元件在非膨胀状态下的外径大的外径。钻孔和间隔套最好相互这样匹配，使该间隔套紧配合在钻孔中。由于膨胀元件较小的直径，锚固件仍可便捷地引入钻孔中。只有通过拧紧锚固件，才可使膨胀元件膨胀并牢固贴合到钻孔壁上。
附图说明
下面结合两个实施例来说明本发明。
附图表示：
图1第一实施例的剖面图；
图2第二实施例的剖面图。
具体实施方式
图1所示的锚固件1a用于把图中未示出的物体锚固到基底16上。锚固件1a具有一个锚栓2a，该锚栓带有一个与之一体成型的顶座3a。在顶座3a上连接多个长度不同的环形橡胶单独元件4a，它们共同构成一个膨胀元件5a。在这些单独元件4a之间配置有钢垫圈6。锚栓2a在顶座3a对应的一端上设置有外螺纹7。带内螺纹9的间隔套8a拧到外螺纹7上。内螺纹9贯穿整个间隔套8a，所以，另一个元件即本例中带环形帽11的螺钉10可固定在锚栓2a的对应端上。例如作为被固定物体的支架可临时固定在这个环形帽11上。
为了设置图1所示的锚固装置12a，首先必须在基底16上钻一个孔13，然后将锚固件1a在图示非膨胀状态下插入钻孔13中。这时间隔套8a大面积地接触钻孔壁14。而膨胀元件5a以其较小的外直径只是松动地置于其中。图中夸大示出了这种松动状况，实际上为了锚固件1a在拧紧时不一起旋转，膨胀元件5a至少必须轻微接触孔壁。旋转环形帽11拧紧螺钉10时导致间隔套8a一起旋转。只要膨胀元件5a接触孔壁14，便可阻止锚栓2a一起旋转，于是该锚栓被拧入间隔套8a中。这样，膨胀元件5a在间隔套8a和顶座3a之间被压缩并由此产生径向膨胀。这就导致锚固件1a在基底1b中的可靠锚固。膨胀被螺钉10或锚栓2a的两端14、15的顶座限制。这就实现了准确的拧紧而无需使用扭矩扳子。
如果不再需要这种锚固装置12a时，则可通过拧松螺钉10和间隔套8a松开锚固件1a，于是膨胀元件5a恢复原形，并由此可从钻孔取出锚固件1a，以备下次使用。
膨胀元件5a的单独元件4a具有不同的硬度，例如80、90和95肖氏硬度，其中邻接顶座3a的那个单独元件最软。就这样锚固件1a便可适用于各式各样的基底。
图1的锚固装置1a设计成锚栓式，而图2的锚固件1b则设计成套管式。这个锚固件用于构成把被固定物体17固定在基底16上的锚固装置。根据锚固件1b的结构，作为套管式锚固件，锚杆2b设计成螺钉状。该锚杆在其顶座3b的对应一端上配有一个六角螺母18。顶座3b呈螺母状拧到锚杆2b上并具有圆锥外形。在顶座3b上紧接几个共同构成一个膨胀元件5b的环形单独元件4b，其后紧接一个间隔套8b。
锚固装置12b的安装可按所谓的通孔安装方式进行。在这种情况下，例如首先将被固定物体17放到基底16上，并穿通被固定物体17在基底16上钻孔13，然后按所示状态把锚固件1b穿过物体17插入钻孔13中，并通过旋转六角螺母18拧紧锚固件1b。这时顶座3b朝六角螺母18的方向被拉动。这样就使膨胀元件5b压缩和膨胀。在这个实施例中，单独元件4b也以其不同的硬度而可最佳地贴合到基底16上。锚固件1b可多次重复使用。

Claims (12)

1.把物体(17)紧固在基底(16)上的锚固件(1a，1b)带有一个锚栓(2a，2b)、一个在锚固件(1a，1b)的插入方向前端配置的顶座(3a，3b)和一个橡胶状的膨胀元件(5a，5b)，其特征为，膨胀元件(5a，5b)具有不同硬度的区段。
2.按权利要求1的锚固件，其特征为，膨胀元件(5a，5b)的硬度随锚固件(1a，1b)的插入方向减小。
3.按权利要求1的锚固件，其特征为，膨胀元件(5a，5b)由锚固件(1a，1b)纵向内前后布置的单独元件(4a，4b)组成。
4.按权利要求3的锚固件，其特征为，单独元件(4a，4b)为环形。
5.按权利要求3的锚固件，其特征为，单独元件(4a，4b)在锚固件(1a，1b)的纵向内具有不同的尺寸。
6.按权利要求3的锚固件，其特征为，单独元件(4a，4b)具有不同的表面状态。
7.按权利要求3的锚固件，其特征为，在单独元件(4a)之间配有钢垫圈(6)。
8.按权利要求1的锚固件，其特征为，底座(3b)设计成圆锥形。
9.按权利要求1的锚固件，其特征为，锚固件(1b)设计成套管式锚固件。
10.按权利要求1的锚固件，其特征为，锚固件(1a)设计成锚栓式锚固件。
11.按权利要求1的锚固件，其特征为，锚固件(1a，1b)具有间隔套(8a，8b)，该间隔套在锚固件(1a，1b)的插入方向内布置在膨胀元件(5a，5b)后面。
12.按权利要求11的锚固件，其特征为，锚固件(1a，1b)在间隔套(8a，8b)的区域内比在膨胀元件(5a，5b)的区域内具有较大的外直径。
CNA2007800141050A 2006-04-21 2007-01-12 锚固件 Pending CN101427034A (zh)

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AT (1) ATE456745T1 (zh)
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RU (1) RU2008145892A (zh)
TW (1) TW200741108A (zh)
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CN114754053A (zh) * 2022-03-24 2022-07-15 西京学院 一种低熔点合金锚栓智能施工系统及其使用与回收方法
CN114754053B (zh) * 2022-03-24 2023-07-25 西京学院 一种低熔点合金锚栓智能施工系统及其使用与回收方法

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DE502007002746D1 (de) 2010-03-18
ATE456745T1 (de) 2010-02-15
EP2010790B1 (de) 2010-01-27
DE102006018507A1 (de) 2007-10-25
WO2007121797A1 (de) 2007-11-01
RU2008145892A (ru) 2010-05-27
TW200741108A (en) 2007-11-01

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