CN101424085A - 具有扭矩限制控制的无级变速器的作业机械 - Google Patents

具有扭矩限制控制的无级变速器的作业机械 Download PDF

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CN101424085A
CN101424085A CNA200810172070XA CN200810172070A CN101424085A CN 101424085 A CN101424085 A CN 101424085A CN A200810172070X A CNA200810172070X A CN A200810172070XA CN 200810172070 A CN200810172070 A CN 200810172070A CN 101424085 A CN101424085 A CN 101424085A
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亚历克·本杰明·汉崔克斯
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Deere and Co
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/66—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
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    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
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    • B60W30/188—Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/40—Special vehicles
    • B60Y2200/41—Construction vehicles, e.g. graders, excavators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/909—Gearing
    • Y10S903/91—Orbital, e.g. planetary gears
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/915—Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/917—Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev with transmission for changing gear ratio
    • Y10S903/918—Continuously variable
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/946—Characterized by control of driveline clutch
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/951—Assembly or relative location of components

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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
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Abstract

具有扭矩限制控制的无级变速器的作业机械，包括具有一输出的内燃机和连接内燃机输出的无级变速器(IVT)。所述IVT包括一液压组件和一机械传动组件。一压力传感器与所述液压组件相关联并提供一表示所述液压组件内的一液压的输出信号。至少一个电气处理电路被配置以用于根据来自所述压力传感器的所述输出信号控制所述内燃机的输出。

Description

具有扭矩限制控制的无级变速器的作业机械
技术领域
本发明涉及作业机械，并且更具体地说涉及一种包括有与无级变速器(IVT)连接的内燃机的作业机械。
背景技术
诸如建筑作业机械、农业作业机械或者林业作业机械的作业机械，典型地包括内燃(IC)发动机形式的牵引车。所述内燃机可以是压缩点火发动机(即柴油发动机)或者火花点火发动机(即汽油发动机)。对于大多数重型作业机械来说，其牵引车为具有适用于相关作业操作的更好过载、下拉和扭矩特性的柴油机形式。
载荷冲击后瞬态内燃机的阶跃载荷响应是一最受发动机排量、发动机硬件(例如，它是否有标准涡轮增压器、具有排废门或变几何涡轮增压器，等等)，及用于驱动与排放法规(例如可见烟、氮氧化物(NOx)等)、噪音或振动的要求相关的空气和燃料驱动器(例如废气再循环、具有可变几何涡轮的涡轮增压器(VGT)、燃料喷嘴形状等)的软件策略影响的特性。载荷冲击可能是由动力传动系统载荷(例如作业机械后面拖带的工具)或外载荷(例如诸如前端装载机或反铲附件的辅液压载荷等)的结果。
发动机系统作为一整体在瞬载应用过程中反应为线性方式。最初，所述载荷被施加于所述内燃机的传动轴。当载荷增大时所述内燃机的转速降低。所述内燃机的转速下降受所述调节器是否同步或具有一速度降的影响。通过改变所述空气促动器增加气流以提供额外的空气给内燃机。为获得新的气流调整点，时延是必需的。几乎瞬时的燃油喷射量相对于烟限量和最大允许燃油量增加。然后发动机恢复至发动机转速调整点。载荷冲击之后，与内燃机瞬态阶跃载荷响应相关的参数是速度降和恢复至发动机调整点的时间。
一内燃机可与一无级变速器(IVT)连接，所述无级变速器以无级形式提供速度从0至最大的连续可变的输出。一个IVT典型地包括流体静压和机械传动组件。所述流体静压组件将旋转轴动力转换为水压流，反之亦然。流动通过IVT的动力可以只通过液体静压组件、只通过机械组件或通过根据设计和输出速度的二者的结合。
一种用于作业机械的IVT实例为液压机械变速器，其包括与一行星齿轮组连接的一液压组件。另外一种用于作业机械的IVT实例为流体静压变速器，其包含与一齿轮组连接的一液压组件。
当IVT比率改变以与载荷状况相匹配时，包括IVT的作业机械容易造成牵引控制失灵和车轮偏移。当发动机在负载下转速下降时，所述IVT控制器探测发动机转速并且加深所述IVT比率。当处于低地速时，作业机械所需的动力值为发动机能够产生的低百分率，因此当发动机的输出扭矩增大时，发动机可能无法加载减速。则当车轮的扭矩增大时，操作员将无法得知。在这种情况下，由于注意不到，驱动车轮可能失去牵引力并且旋出。这对于可靠的操作是不期望的。
现有技术所需要的是一种配置有IVT的作业机械，其在低地速状况时不易失去牵引力。
发明内容
本发明一方面涉及一种作业机械，包括一具有一输出的内燃机和一与所述内燃机输出连接的无级变速器(IVT)。所述IVT包括一液压组件和一机械传动组件。一压力传感器与所述液压组件相关联并提供一表示所述液压组件内的一液压的输出信号。至少一个电气处理电路被配置以用于根据来自所述压力传感器的所述输出信号控制所述内燃机输出。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种操作一作业机械的方法，所述作业机械包括一具有一输出的内燃机和一与所述内燃机输出连接的IVT，所述IVT包括一液压组件和一机械传动组件。所述方法包括的步骤为：设定与所述IVT相关联的扭矩限值；检测所述液压组件内的一液压；及根据所述检测的液压及所述扭矩限值控制所述内燃机的一输出。
附图说明
图1是本发明作业机械的实施例的示意图；
图2是本发明作业机械的操作方法的实施例的流程图。
具体实施方案
现在参考图1，表明本发明的一实施例的作业机械10的示意图。作业机械10可能是平路机，或诸如约翰迪尔(John Deere)前端装载机的建筑作业机械，或是诸如农业、林业、矿业，或者工业作业机械的不同类型的作业机械。
作业机械10包括一内燃机12，其典型地通过来自内燃机12的输出机轴16与一IVT14连接。内燃机12在示例实施例中假定为柴油发动机，但是也可以是汽油发动机、丙烷发动机等等。内燃机12根据应用来确定尺寸和配置。
IVT14通常包括液压组件18和机械传动组件20。IVT14假定为实施例中表明的液压机械变速器，但是也可以是流体静压变速器，或者其他类型的IVT。IVT14可以是常规设计，因而在这里不具体描述。IVT14具有一与至少一个其它下游的传动组件22连接的输出，而所述传动组件22与多个驱动轮24连接，其中之一如图1所示。当然，应当理解，在履带式作业车辆情形中，传动组件22可以与地面接合履带连接。
IVT14也提供输出功率给一个或多个外载荷26，所述外载荷26又因而提供内燃机12额外载荷。外载荷26通常是液压载荷，诸如前端装载机、反铲臂、卸粮螺旋推运器、伐树锯马达等等。因而置于内燃机12上的总载荷是牵引载荷和外部液压载荷两者的函数。
电气处理电路28被配置成一个或多个控制器。实施例中表明，控制器28包括电气控制内燃机12的运转的发动机控制单元(ECU)30，并且与内燃机12的操作相关联的多个传感器(没有具体示出)连接。例如，ECU30可以与指示诸如一个或多个进气歧管的气流速率、发动机转速、加料速率和/或时间、排放气再循环(EGR)速率、涡轮增压器叶片位置等发动机控制参数的传感器连接。另外，ECU30可接收来自车辆控制单元(VCU)32的输出信号，所述输出信号表示操作员输入的车辆控制参数，诸如作业机械10的指令地速(通过节流阀和/或水压调节器杆的位置指示)或指令方向(通过转向轮的角定向指示)。
同样地，变速器控制单元(TCU)34电气控制IVT14的操作，并且连接与IVT14的操作相关联的多个传感器。ECU30和TCU34通过提供双向数据流的诸如控制器局域网络(CAN)总线36的总线结构连接在一起。
压力传感器38被置于与液压组件18的通信中，优选与靠近所述固定的流体静压单元的压力环的通信。压力传感器38提供一表示液压组件18内的液压的输出信号至TCU34。压力传感器38可以是常规设计，并且根据具体应用选择。
一扭矩控制输入装置40允许操作员调整来自IVT14的所述扭矩，其至少部分通过控制来自内燃机12的所述输出扭矩来控制。实施例中所示，扭矩控制输入装置40被配置成一设置在操作员站的可旋转的扭矩控制刻度盘40。所述扭矩控制刻度盘40可以具有分布在一最小扭矩控制设定与一最大扭矩控制设定之间范围内的可见刻度线、数值、锯齿状突起等。可选择地，扭矩控制刻度盘40可被配置成一电子触摸屏，或任何数字的其它配置。
虽然所示的诸如ECU30、TCU32和VCU34的不同电子元件使用有线连接相连接，但是还应该理解，无线连接也可以适用于一些应用。为了简洁，图1中组件的内部电子和流体连接没有表明。
现在参照图2，将更加详细地描述本发明实施例的作业机械10的操作方法。图2中表明的流程图容纳了几乎所有的操作状态，除内燃机12在空闲或接近于空闲状态下操作，在这种状态下内燃机12的输出没有限制。
首先，使用扭矩控制刻度盘40设定IVT14输出的扭矩限值(方块50)。所述控制刻度盘设定对应于一来自IVT14的期望的输出扭矩。在一定地面情形下，较少的主动性设定防止车轮偏移，而较多的主动性设定增加所述最大的期望扭矩。如果为液压机械传动变速器，旋动旋钮至较少的主动性设置，实际限制与所述行星太阳齿轮直接相连的所述固定的静压单元内的压力。
在操作中，使用压力传感器38检测液压组件18内的液压(方块52)。来自压力传感器38的一输出信号被输出至TCU34，其依次输出一信号至ECU30。ECU30根据所述检测的压力和所述设定的扭矩限值控制内燃机12的输出(方块54)。压力传感器38非常精确并且响应灵敏，因而能够更精确更及时地控制IVT14的输出轴的限制扭矩。当所述检测的压力达到所述计算的期望的扭矩限值时，内燃机12的加料速率降低，依次使至IVT14的输入扭矩量减少，因而限制了来自IVT14的所述输出扭矩。
本发明的操作方法也可以包括操作过程中的瞬载(判定块56)。如果检测到诸如外部液压载荷的瞬载，则会作出内燃机12是否处于最大输出扭矩的查询(判定块58)。如果内燃机12已经在给定发动机转速的最大扭矩进行操作，那么内燃机12的输出扭矩不可能再进一步增大，因此替代地来自IVT14的所述输入/输出(I/O)比率增大(方块60)。在另一方面，如果内燃机12没有在给定发动机转速的最大扭矩操作，则内燃机12的所述扭矩输出将增加以匹配所述瞬载(方块62)。
如果没有检测到瞬载，或瞬载通过(线段64)，那么这种方法将一直持续直至内燃机12停止运行(判定块66)。当内燃机12持续运转，控制环返回至判定块50，在那里一新的或所述旧的扭矩限值被设定。
应用如上描述的本发明的方法，基于来自压力传感器38的读数限制内燃机12的输入扭矩，是一种非常精确地控制来自IVT14最大输出扭矩的方法，从而控制牵引力以符合当前条件和最佳化性能下操作员的需要。
以优选的实施例对本发明进行了描述，然而，应当理解的是，在不脱离所附权利要求限制的本发明范围内可进行各种改变。

Claims (15)

1、一种作业机械，包括：
一具有一输出的内燃机；
一与所述的内燃机输出连接的无级变速器，所述无级变速器包括一液压组件和一机械传动组件；
一压力传感器，其与所述的液压组件相关联并提供一表示所述液压组件内一液压的输出信号；及
至少一个电气处理电路，其被配置以用于根据来自所述压力传感器的所述输出信号控制所述内燃机的输出。
2、如权利要求1所述的作业机械，其特征在于：还包括一扭矩控制输入装置，其与所述的至少一个电气处理电路通信并提供一输出信号至所述的至少一个电气处理电路，所述至少一个电气处理电路被配置以用于根据每一来自所述压力传感器的所述输出信号和来自所述扭矩控制输入装置的所述输出信号控制所述内燃机的输出。
3、如权利要求2所述的作业机械，其特征在于：所述扭矩控制输入装置包括一操作员可调节的扭矩控制刻度盘。
4、如权利要求3所述的作业机械，其特征在于：所述扭矩控制刻度盘包括一最小扭矩控制设定和一最大扭矩控制设定。
5、如权利要求1所述的作业机械，其特征在于：所述至少一个电气处理电路包括一与所述内燃机相关联的发动机控制单元和一与所述无级变速器相关联的变速器控制单元中的至少一个。
6、如权利要求5所述的作业机械，其特征在于：所述变速器控制单元接收来自所述压力传感器的所述输出信号，所述变速器控制单元与所述发动机控制单元通信，并且所述发动机控制单元控制所述内燃机的输出。
7、如权利要求1所述的作业机械，其特征在于：所述至少一个电气处理电路通过控制所述内燃机的加料速率控制所述内燃机的输出。
8、如权利要求7所述的作业机械，其特征在于：所述内燃机输出包括一机轴，所述液压组件与所述机轴连接。
9、如权利要求1所述的作业机械，其特征在于：所述无级变速器包括一液压机械变速器和一流体静压变速器中的一个。
10、如权利要求1所述的作业机械，其特征在于：所述最大允许载荷与所述内燃机一给定操作速度下的一最大扭矩相关联。
11、如权利要求1所述的作业机械，其特征在于：所述作业机械包括一建筑作业机械、一农业作业机械和一林业作业机械中的一个。
12、一种操作一作业机械的方法，所述作业机械包括具有一输出的内燃机和一与该内燃机输出连接的无级变速器，所述无级变速器包括一液压组件和一机械传动组件的作业机械的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
设定一与所述无级变速器相关联的扭矩限值；
检测所述液压组件内的一液压；及
根据所述检测的液压和所述扭矩限值控制所述内燃机的输出；
13、如权利要求12所述的操作一作业机械的方法，其特征在于：使用一操作员可调节的扭矩控制刻度盘设定所述扭矩限值。
14、如权利要求12所述的操作一作业机械的方法，其特征在于：使用一压力传感器检测所述液压，所述压力传感器与所述液压组件相关联并提供一表示所述液压组件内的所述液压的输出信号。
15、如权利要求12所述的操作一作业机械的方法，其特征在于：使用一与所述内燃机相关联的发动机控制单元和一与所述无级变速器相关联的变速器控制单元中的至少一个实施所述控制步骤。
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