CN101417401A - Complicated surface optical finishing processing device and technique - Google Patents

Complicated surface optical finishing processing device and technique Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101417401A
CN101417401A CNA2008100799875A CN200810079987A CN101417401A CN 101417401 A CN101417401 A CN 101417401A CN A2008100799875 A CNA2008100799875 A CN A2008100799875A CN 200810079987 A CN200810079987 A CN 200810079987A CN 101417401 A CN101417401 A CN 101417401A
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workpiece
liquid
ultrasonic
machined
solid
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CN101417401B (en
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王时英
姚新改
韩世平
刘润爱
李雪红
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a finishing machining device of complex surfaces and a technique thereof, belongs to the field of special processing technology and is characterized in that high-intensity supersonic vibration produced by direct shock excitation to workpieces by an ultrasonic horn acts with the liquid and solid two-phase flow forced on surfaces of complex workpieces, thus producing the impact of workpiece surfaces and grinding particles and liquid cavitation to cause the impact to workpiece surfaces by the grinding particles, and the finishing machining of complex workpiece surfaces is realized; and particularly, inner concave surfaces with complex channels also have the high-intensity supersonic vibration and the all-pervasive characteristic of the liquid and solid two-phase flow. The device and the technique have the advantages of realizing the finishing machining of complex inner and outer surfaces and also solving the problem that inner concave surfaces and dead corners can not be finished and machined. The technology can fully and effectively finish and process inner surfaces, and effectively reduce the surface roughness value of parts, thus greatly improving the surface matching quality, surface wear resistance, surface air tightness, cleanliness and service life of parts.

Description

A kind of complicated surface optical finishing processing device and technology
Technical field
A kind of complicated surface optical finishing processing device of the present invention and technology belong to special processing technology field category.Specifically, relate to the multidimensional loading technique of ultrasonic energy, the technique for fixing of ultrasonic vibration system, liquid-solid suspension two-phase fluid flowing and impact technology at complex surface.The present invention is adapted to the surfaces externally and internally of manufacturing complex shapes workpiece.
Background technology
The polishing processing of piece surface is one of the problem of primary study in the present machining and key issue of solution, and the polishing of inner surface is processed the difficult problem that this respect research especially needs solution; Especially the processing of the inner surface polishing of the part in complex cross duct is very difficult, is the bottleneck in the polishing processed and applied; Not only to there be the requirement of cooperation to realize sealing and be similar to this class inner surface apertures of hydraulic valve with spool, also to slide and realize commutation, so require matching surface hardness height, wear-resisting, roughness is low, therefore big to hydraulic valve inner surface apertures polishing difficulty of processing, still do not have effective workaround at present, become the scientific worker and pursue one of difficult problem of solution diligently.Existing inner surface polishing process technology mainly contains magnetic grinding, extrusion honing etc.Though the magnetic brush of magnetic grinding is flexible, its electrode is a rigidity, is difficult to the passage of processed complex; The fluid abrasive material of extrusion honing is viscoelastic, also is flexible, and according to Viscous Elastic Mechanics, its ledge in the duct has very big pressure to fall, so processing effect is good, but does not flow at the drop section area dead angle in duct fluid, so there is not processing effect.Polishing processing for piece surface at present can be divided into four classes by surface type: outer flat surface has many mature technologies; Diameter is big, and the simple inner surface of channel shape has some processing methods; For the inner surface processing method of complex passages seldom; And the concave surface of complex passages is not had processing method.So processing method of the concave surface of inner surface processing method, the especially complex passages of urgent need complex passages.
Existing Ultrasonic Machining all is to utilize luffing bar exciting instrument or medium in the ultrasonic vibration system to process, the supersonic making method of exciting instrument is mainly used in some Compound Machining, as: ultrasonic vibration cutting, milling, grinding, honing etc., be mainly used in Surface Machining, do not belong to polishing processing technology category; The processing method of exciting medium has ultrasonic cleaning and ultrasonic polishing, these two kinds of processing methods all are to utilize the luffing bar exciting machining medium that is installed on the chamber wall, because container volume is big, loss was bigger when ultrasonic wave was propagated in liquid medium, effect to piece surface is less, so the workpiece that ultrasonic wave cleans can only reach the effect of removing surface contaminants, ultrasonic polishing is workpiece to be put into add working medium, because ultrasonic cavitation in the liquid, little and hard burr and wedge angle are removed, the surface is not had the polishing processing effect substantially.Therefore existing Ultrasonic machining process can not be carried out polishing processing to the complex parts inner surface well, and concave surface and interior dead angle are not had processing effect fully.
Summary of the invention
A kind of complicated surface optical finishing processing device of the present invention and technology purpose are: in order to solve the wretched insufficiency of insoluble problem and existence in the above-mentioned existing complex parts inner surface polishing technological method for processing, thereby high strength supersonic vibration that the direct exciting workpiece of a kind of ultrasonic amplitude transformer produces and liquid-solid two-phase fluid effect in complex part surface forced flow are disclosed, produced the bump of surface of the work and abrasive particle and the cavitation of liquid and caused the impact of abrasive particle surface of the work, realize the polishing processing on complex part surface, especially also there is the all-pervasive characteristic of high-intensity ultrasonic vibration and liquid-solid two-phase fluid in the concave surface of complex passages, has guaranteed that concave surface and interior dead angle have the technical scheme of good polishing processing effect equally.
A kind of complicated surface optical finishing processing device of the present invention,
A kind of complicated surface optical finishing processing device of the present invention, it is characterized in that being the high strength supersonic vibration that produces of the direct exciting workpiece of a kind of ultrasonic amplitude transformer and liquid-solid two-phase fluid effect in complex part surface forced flow, produce the surface of the work and the bump of abrasive particle and the cavitation of liquid and cause the impact of abrasive particle surface of the work, realize the polishing processing on complex part surface, especially the concave surface that has complex passages also exists high-intensity ultrasonic vibration and the all-pervasive characteristic of liquid-solid two-phase fluid, guarantee that concave surface and interior dead angle have the complicated surface optical finishing processing device of good polishing processing effect equally, this equipment is by ultrasonic wave generation power supply 1, liquid-solid two-phase fluid 2, platen 3, outlet throttling baffle plate 4, workpiece to be machined 5, slush pump 6, bearing 11, import 8, ultrasonic transducer 9, ultrasonic amplitude transformer 10 and solution tank 7 are formed; Solution tank 7 platens 3 are tightly connected, workpiece to be machined 5 rotates on the supporting member on the platen 3, bearing 11 is fixed on platen 3 or the solution tank 7, outlet throttling baffle plate 4 is connected in the outlet of workpiece 5 ducts, and slush pump 6 is fixed in the solution tank 7 and enters the mouth fastening with the workpiece duct; Be provided with arc groove with turning cylinder assembly 12, can make luffing bar 9 around its rotation ± 45 °, and by the fixing angle of ultrasonic amplitude transformer 9 of screw 13; By mobile adjustment screw 11 and 15 adjustings that realize luffing bar 9 height, and by attachment screw that it is fastening, and the adjustment of luffing bar angle and height adapts to difform surface of the work.
Use the technology of above-mentioned a kind of complicated surface optical finishing processing device, it is characterized in that, add man-hour at polishing, workpiece to be machined 5 is placed on three separate bearings 11, and ultrasonic amplitude transformer 10 moves and rotate the effectively steadily clamping of adjusting to adapt to the difformity surface of the work and to keep workpiece; Liquid-solid two-phase fluid 2 flows through the inner surface of workpiece to be machined 5 and is full of each corner under the pressure effect of slush pump 6; Outlet throttling baffle plate 4 is connected with solution tank 7 and realizes circulating of liquid-solid two-phase fluid, and outlet throttling baffle plate 4 is regulated the flow in the different apertures of workpiece; After opening ultrasonic wave generation power supply 1, ultrasonic vibration takes place and excites workpiece to be machined 5 to produce the high strength supersonic vibration in ultrasonic amplitude transformer 10, each surface of workpiece is by causing the impact of abrasive particle to surface of the work with the bump of abrasive particle and the cavitation of liquid, realize the polishing processing on complex part surface, also there is the all-pervasive characteristic of high-intensity ultrasonic vibration and liquid-solid two-phase fluid in concave surface, has guaranteed that concave surface and interior dead angle have good polishing processing effect equally; Workpiece to be machined 5 all immerses, part immerses or all do not immerse in the solution tank, and outer surface is carried out whole processing, partial operation as required or all do not process; The processing step of concrete processing is:
I has fixed three luffing bars identical with ultrasonic amplitude transformer 10 on the workpiece to be machined 5 with complicated mold cavity surface and duct, these ultrasonic amplitude transformers link to each other with corresponding ultrasonic transducer 9, ultrasonic transducer 9 links to each other with the ultrasonic wave generation power supply 1 that can send different frequency, workpiece to be machined 5 is subjected to the ultrasonic action of different frequency and produces ultrasonic vibration, ultrasonic vibration superposition in workpiece;
All ultrasonic amplitude transformers 10 of II all are separately fixed at separately independently on the bearing 11, bearing 11 adopts the detachable movable connection method of easily regulating with platen 3, adjust the locus and the angle of luffing bar, keep the effectively steadily clamping of workpiece, to be fit to the processing request of various different parts;
III liquid-solid two-phase fluid 2 is suspended solid abrasive grains in the liquid, liquid is under the effect of slush pump 6, import work piece inner surface by pipeline, enter solution tank 7 by other one or more outlet throttling baffle plates 4, workpiece to be machined 5 and ultrasonic amplitude transformer 10 also partly or entirely immerse in the solution tank 7, and all of workpiece to be machined 5 need finished surface to contact with liquid-solid two-phase fluid 8;
IV workpiece to be machined 5 is with the frequency ultrasonic vibration of 20~35KHz, and the abrasive particle in the liquid-solid two-phase fluid 2 that flows with 1~3 meter/component velocity clashes into, cause liquid-solid two-phase fluid in the workpiece duct, to flow cavitation takes place, cavitation makes the abrasive particle bump workpiece to be machined 5 in the liquid-solid two-phase fluid again, the mobile continuous supplementation abrasive material of liquid-solid two-phase fluid 2 is realized feed motion simultaneously, and in workpiece to be machined 5 surperficial swipings, the machined surface roughness value is reduced, realize the polishing processing of workpiece complicated inner surface.
The advantage of a kind of complicated surface optical finishing processing device of the present invention and technology is: utilize even continuous supplementation abrasive material and the bump working ability of ultrasonic vibration and the polishing processing that the ultrasonic cavitation impact combines and realizes the workpiece complicated inner surface of the mobile realization complex surface of liquid-solid two-phase fluid, especially can be effectively carry out effective polishing processing, thereby solve the wretched insufficiency of insoluble problem and existence in the existing complex parts inner surface polishing technological method for processing concave surface.Beneficial effect is the polishing processing that has not only realized complicated surfaces externally and internally, and solved concave surface and in the dead angle at present still can't polishing processing a difficult problem.This technology can be fully and effectively be carried out polishing processing to inner surface, effectively reduces the surface roughness value of part, thereby increases substantially surface engagement quality, surface abrasion resistance, the face seal of part, the cleannes and the service life of part.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 ultrasonic vibration polishing process principle figure
Label among the figure is:
1, ultrasonic wave generation power supply 2, liquid-solid two-phase fluid 3, platen 4, outlet throttling baffle plate 5, workpiece to be machined 6, slush pump 7, solution tank 8, import 9, ultrasonic transducer 10, ultrasonic amplitude transformer 11, bearing
Fig. 2 luffing bar displacement corner is adjusted schematic diagram
Label among the figure is:
3, platen 9, luffing bar 10, ultrasonic transducer 11, bearing 12, pressing plate 13, screw 14, pin 15, attachment screw 7, mobile adjustment screw
The specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1: immersion processing
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings 1, specifically further to set forth, the hexahedron workpiece to be machined 5 with complicated surfaces externally and internally is how to realize polishing processing.Workpiece to be machined 5 is placed on the platen 3, adjusts the location of workpiece duct is connected with the import 8 of slush pump; Three luffing bars 10 adopt quadrature arrangement, move or and rotation luffing bar 10 guarantee that itself and three surfaces of workpiece well contact and make the steady clamping of workpiece; Connect the line of luffing bar 10 and ultrasonic-frequency power supply 1, add liquid-solid two-phase fluid 2, start slush pump 6, it is about 2 meters/minute that the pressure of adjustment pump makes flow velocity, opens ultrasonic-frequency power supply, and the inching vibration frequency makes three luffing bars vibrations good; Through 10 minutes processing, can reach the requirement of polishing processing.What be worth proposition is because workpiece duct sectional area differs bigger, exports 4 places and is provided with throttle flap, the flow in the different apertures of balanced workpiece.Also be full of suspension grinding material in the annular inner groovy, the ultrasonic vibration of groove surfaces has realized polishing processing.
Embodiment 2: immersion processing
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings 1, specifically further to set forth, the hexahedron workpiece to be machined 5 with complicated surfaces externally and internally is how to realize polishing processing.Workpiece to be machined 5 is placed on the platen 3, adjusts the location of workpiece duct is connected with the import 8 of slush pump; Three luffing bars 10 adopt quadrature arrangement, move or and rotation luffing bar 10 guarantee that itself and three surfaces of workpiece well contact and make the steady clamping of workpiece; Connect the line of luffing bar 10 and ultrasonic-frequency power supply 1, add liquid-solid two-phase fluid 2, start slush pump 6, it is about 1 meter/minute that the pressure of adjustment pump makes flow velocity, opens ultrasonic-frequency power supply, and the inching vibration frequency makes three luffing bars vibrations good; Through 5 minutes processing, can reach the requirement of polishing processing.What be worth proposition is because workpiece duct sectional area differs bigger, exports 4 places and is provided with throttle flap, the flow in the different apertures of balanced workpiece.Also be full of suspension grinding material in the annular inner groovy, the ultrasonic vibration of groove surfaces has realized polishing processing.
Embodiment 3: immersion processing
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings 1, specifically further to set forth, the hexahedron workpiece to be machined 5 with complicated surfaces externally and internally is how to realize polishing processing.Workpiece to be machined 5 is placed on the platen 3, adjusts the location of workpiece duct is connected with the import 8 of slush pump; Three luffing bars 10 adopt quadrature arrangement, move or and rotation luffing bar 10 guarantee that itself and three surfaces of workpiece well contact and make the steady clamping of workpiece; Connect the line of luffing bar 10 and ultrasonic-frequency power supply 1, add liquid-solid two-phase fluid 2, start slush pump 6, it is about 3 meters/minute that the pressure of adjustment pump makes flow velocity, opens ultrasonic-frequency power supply, and the inching vibration frequency makes three luffing bars vibrations good; Through 15 minutes processing, can reach the requirement of polishing processing.What be worth proposition is because workpiece duct sectional area differs bigger, exports 4 places and is provided with throttle flap, the flow in the different apertures of balanced workpiece.Also be full of suspension grinding material in the annular inner groovy, the ultrasonic vibration of groove surfaces has realized polishing processing.
Embodiment 4: non-immersion processing
2 explanations have the non-immersion machining type polishing processing technology device that complicated inner surface and outer surface need not be processed in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Adjust the location of workpiece one opening of the channel is connected with the inlet of slush pump 6, other opening of the channel and conduit are discharged mud; Adjust the locus of three luffing bars 10, make it keep well contacting and making the steady clamping of workpiece with three surfaces of workpiece; Connect the line of luffing bar and ultrasonic-frequency power supply 1, add liquid-solid two-phase fluid 2, start slush pump 6, it is about 2 meters/minute that the pressure of adjustment pump makes flow velocity, opens ultrasonic-frequency power supply, and the inching vibration frequency makes three luffing bars vibrations good; Through 10 minutes processing, can reach the requirement of polishing processing.Also be full of suspension grinding material in the indent blind hole, the ultrasonic vibration on blind hole surface has realized polishing processing.
Embodiment 5: non-immersion processing
2 explanations have the non-immersion machining type polishing processing technology device that complicated inner surface and outer surface need not be processed in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Adjust the location of workpiece one opening of the channel is connected with the inlet of slush pump 6, other opening of the channel and conduit are discharged mud; Adjust the locus of three luffing bars 10, make it keep well contacting and making the steady clamping of workpiece with three surfaces of workpiece; Connect the line of luffing bar and ultrasonic-frequency power supply 1, add liquid-solid two-phase fluid 2, start slush pump 6, it is about 1 meter/minute that the pressure of adjustment pump makes flow velocity, opens ultrasonic-frequency power supply, and the inching vibration frequency makes three luffing bars vibrations good; Through 5 minutes processing, can reach the requirement of polishing processing.Also be full of suspension grinding material in the indent blind hole, the ultrasonic vibration on blind hole surface has realized polishing processing.
Embodiment 6: non-immersion processing
2 explanations have the non-immersion machining type polishing processing technology device that complicated inner surface and outer surface need not be processed in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Adjust the location of workpiece one opening of the channel is connected with the inlet of slush pump 6, other opening of the channel and conduit are discharged mud; Adjust the locus of three luffing bars 10, make it keep well contacting and making the steady clamping of workpiece with three surfaces of workpiece; Connect the line of luffing bar and ultrasonic-frequency power supply 1, add liquid-solid two-phase fluid 2, start slush pump 6, it is about 3 meters/minute that the pressure of adjustment pump makes flow velocity, opens ultrasonic-frequency power supply, and the inching vibration frequency makes three luffing bars vibrations good; Through 15 minutes processing, can reach the requirement of polishing processing.Also be full of suspension grinding material in the indent blind hole, the ultrasonic vibration on blind hole surface has realized polishing processing.

Claims (2)

1, a kind of complicated surface optical finishing processing device, it is characterized in that being the high strength supersonic vibration that produces of the direct exciting workpiece of a kind of ultrasonic amplitude transformer and liquid-solid two-phase fluid effect in complex part surface forced flow, produce the surface of the work and the bump of abrasive particle and the cavitation of liquid and cause the impact of abrasive particle surface of the work, realize the polishing processing on complex part surface, especially the concave surface that has complex passages also exists high-intensity ultrasonic vibration and the all-pervasive characteristic of liquid-solid two-phase fluid, guarantee that concave surface and interior dead angle have the complicated surface optical finishing processing device of good polishing processing effect equally, this equipment is by ultrasonic wave generation power supply (1), liquid-solid two-phase fluid (2), platen (3), outlet throttling baffle plate (4), workpiece to be machined (5), slush pump (6), bearing (11), import (8), ultrasonic transducer (9), ultrasonic amplitude transformer (10) and solution tank (7) are formed; Solution tank (7) platen 3 is tightly connected, workpiece to be machined 5 rotates on the supporting member on the platen 3, bearing (11) is fixed on platen (3) or the solution tank (7), outlet throttling baffle plate (4) is connected in the outlet of workpiece (5) duct, and slush pump (6) is fixed in the solution tank (7) and enters the mouth fastening with the workpiece duct; Be provided with arc groove with turning cylinder assembly (12), can make luffing bar (9) around its rotation ± 45 °, and by the fixing angle of ultrasonic amplitude transformer (9) of screw (13); Realize luffing bar (9) adjusting highly by mobile adjustment screw (11) and (15), and by attachment screw that it is fastening, and the adjustment of luffing bar angle and height adapts to difform surface of the work.
2, use the technology of above-mentioned a kind of complicated surface optical finishing processing device, it is characterized in that, add man-hour at polishing, workpiece to be machined (5) is placed on three separate bearings, and ultrasonic amplitude transformer (9) moves and rotate the effectively steadily clamping of adjusting to adapt to the difformity surface of the work and to keep workpiece; Liquid-solid two-phase fluid (2) flows through the inner surface of workpiece to be machined (5) and is full of each corner under the pressure effect of slush pump (6); Outlet throttling baffle plate (4) is connected with solution tank (7) and realizes circulating of liquid-solid two-phase fluid, and outlet throttling baffle plate (4) is regulated the flow in the different apertures of workpiece; After opening ultrasonic wave generation power supply (1), ultrasonic vibration takes place and excites workpiece to be machined (5) to produce the high strength supersonic vibration in ultrasonic amplitude transformer (10), each surface of workpiece is by causing the impact of abrasive particle to surface of the work with the bump of abrasive particle and the cavitation of liquid, realize the polishing processing on complex part surface, also there is the all-pervasive characteristic of high-intensity ultrasonic vibration and liquid-solid two-phase fluid in concave surface, has guaranteed that concave surface and interior dead angle have good polishing processing effect equally; Workpiece to be machined (5) all immerses, part immerses or all do not immerse in the solution tank, and outer surface is carried out whole processing, partial operation as required or all do not process; The processing step of concrete processing is:
I fixes three ultrasonic amplitude transformers (9) on the workpiece to be machined (5) with complicated mold cavity surface and duct, these ultrasonic amplitude transformers link to each other with corresponding ultrasonic transducer (10), ultrasonic transducer (10) links to each other with the ultrasonic power that can send different frequency (1), workpiece to be machined (5) is subjected to the ultrasonic action of different frequency and produces ultrasonic vibration, ultrasonic vibration superposition in workpiece;
All ultrasonic amplitude transformers of II (9) are separately fixed at separately independently on the bearing (11), bearing (11) adopts the detachable movable connection method of easily regulating with platen (3), adjust the locus and the angle of luffing bar, the effectively steadily clamping that keeps workpiece is to be fit to the processing request of various different parts;
III liquid-solid two-phase fluid (2) is a suspended solid abrasive grain in the liquid, liquid is under the effect of slush pump (6), import work piece inner surface by pipeline, enter solution tank 7 by other one or more outlet throttling baffle plates 4, workpiece to be machined (5) and ultrasonic amplitude transformer (10) also partly or entirely immerse in the solution tank (7), and all of workpiece to be machined (5) need finished surface to contact with liquid-solid two-phase fluid (8);
IV workpiece to be machined (5) is with the frequency ultrasonic vibration of 20~35KHz, and the abrasive particle in the liquid-solid two-phase fluid (2) that flows with 1~3 meter/component velocity clashes into, cause liquid-solid two-phase fluid in the workpiece duct, to flow cavitation takes place, cavitation makes the abrasive particle bump workpiece to be machined (5) in the liquid-solid two-phase fluid again, the mobile continuous supplementation abrasive material of liquid-solid two-phase fluid (2) is realized feed motion simultaneously, and in the surperficial swiping of workpiece to be machined (5), the machined surface roughness value is reduced, realize the polishing processing of workpiece complicated inner surface.
CN2008100799875A 2008-11-28 2008-11-28 Complicated surface optical finishing processing device and technique Expired - Fee Related CN101417401B (en)

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CN102672554A (en) * 2012-05-28 2012-09-19 湖南大学 Method and device for polishing small-bore optical element
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CN104985492A (en) * 2015-08-04 2015-10-21 长春理工大学 Strength-adjustable ultrasonic-assisted abrasive flow polishing machining device
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CN107498450A (en) * 2017-08-30 2017-12-22 浙江工业大学 The rotatable honing fixture of rack pinion formula drill point
CN109333254A (en) * 2018-12-19 2019-02-15 太原理工大学 A kind of one-dimensional vibration polishing and grinding apparatus of parts with complex structures surfaces externally and internally and method
CN109824175A (en) * 2019-03-30 2019-05-31 山东大学 A kind of organic wastewater ultrasound and Hydrodynamic cavitation combined apparatus
CN111716159A (en) * 2020-06-03 2020-09-29 大连理工大学 Polishing method and device for free-form surface
CN111716157A (en) * 2020-06-03 2020-09-29 大连理工大学 Polishing method and device for complex structure
CN111716158A (en) * 2020-06-03 2020-09-29 大连理工大学 Method and device for polishing inner surface
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