CN101414729A - Self-mode-locking laser - Google Patents
Self-mode-locking laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN101414729A CN101414729A CN 200810234183 CN200810234183A CN101414729A CN 101414729 A CN101414729 A CN 101414729A CN 200810234183 CN200810234183 CN 200810234183 CN 200810234183 A CN200810234183 A CN 200810234183A CN 101414729 A CN101414729 A CN 101414729A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a setting method of a self-locking model laser. Pump light irradiates into a laser cavity resonator from an end surface of a laser crystal; a beam shaping system is adopted to enable the light intensity at the central part of a pump luminous spot to be less than the surrounding light intensity so as to cause a Gauss beam with a sunken part in the center; the laser crystal is used as a model locking part while used as a laser gain crystal; an area similar to a diaphragm is formed at the center of the laser crystal; the size of the diaphragm area can be controlled through adjusting a pump beam; the Kerr effect of the crystal and a soft diaphragm commonly act to complete the starting and maintenance for laser running of the locking model and realize the ultrashort pulse output of a continuous locking model or realize the locking model pulse output of Q regulation. The invention solves the problem existing in the existing ultrashort pulse laser that the system is huge, peripheral equipment is more, the precision required by the modulation is high, and self-starting can not be performed, improves the efficiency, reduces the cost and has very high application value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the self mode-locked laser of a kind of self mode-locked laser, particularly a kind of self-starting.
Background technology
Kerr lens mode locking is one of effective method that obtains from solid-state laser at present ultrashort pulse.The simplest concrete device soft light door screen that to be the nonlinear refractive index that utilizes laser crystal form as the gain profiles of kerr medium and laser material inside is (referring to Spence D.E.etc., Opt.Lett.16, p42), but because the nonlinear refractive index of laser crystal itself is generally smaller, and be subjected to the restriction of the saturated light intensity of laser crystal itself, have only and when the peak power density of oscillating impulse reaches certain intensity, just can in crystal, form effectively gain diaphragm, and then in the chamber, form the non-linear loss that reduces with the light intensity increase, keep the continuous locking mold running.In actual applications, people use four mirror chambeies mostly, place the big crystal of nonlinear refractive index in the position that light beam focuses on, and place hard diaphragm at place with a tight waist, thereby obtain the action effect of quick saturable absorber.
In addition, because kerr lens mode locking is not enough to the continuous locking mold program is carried out self-starting, need reach self-starting with the non-linear method of intensity fluctuation that causes of disturbance cavity or increase system, for example regeneration feedback, synchronous pump, on cavity mirror the dress PZT (piezoelectric transducer) and with methods such as semiconductor saturable absorber drivings (referring to W. Ke Xinaier, " Solid State Laser engineering "), these methods make whole Optical Maser System become huge and complicated when starting the locked mode running undoubtedly, have also increased the difficulty of system debug.
The pump light of traditional end-pumped laser is a Flattened Gaussian Beams, and purpose is to export in order to obtain Gauss TEM00 mould, and for this reason, people have designed various coupled systems.But, this desirable flat-top Gauss pump beam is difficult to form the effect of effective self-starting locked mode in laser crystal, though had in some theoretical proof laser crystals and can form the gain diaphragm, but experimentally but never realize up hill and dale, even idol has report, also because of its reproducibility difference be not accepted (referring to G.Cerullo, Opt.Lett.19, p1040).
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to: the shortcoming that solves above-described kerr lens mode locking laser; a kind of method to set up and laser thereof of self mode-locked laser are proposed: do not need diaphragm and the big crystal of nonlinear refractive index in the laserresonator; also without any need for the locked mode starting drive; only with the method that changes the pump beam light distribution; in laser crystal, form effective locked mode mechanism; realize the self-starting of continuous locking mold running; the locked mode of realizing with this method not restriction of the saturation intensity of Stimulated Light crystal of turning round itself can obtain ultra-short pulse laser under the very low situation of pumping light intensity.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the method to set up of self mode-locked laser, adopt the beam shaping system to make the light intensity of center of pump spot less than the light intensity around it, promptly cause the central light strength of pump light that depression is arranged, this pump light by a surface feeding sputtering of laser crystal to laserresonator, when adopting laser crystal as the laser gain crystal again as the locked mode device, thereby in laser crystal, be formed centrally a zone that is similar to diaphragm, by regulating pump beam, just can control the size in diaphragm zone, crystal Kerr effect and the acting in conjunction of soft light door screen, finish the startup of locked mode running and keep, its pumping source comprises diode laser, various pump light sources such as all solid state laser can also realize Q-switch and mode-locking pulse output.
Laserresonator is the linear cavity of end pumping mode, from the X die cavity of an end pumping of laser crystal and the refrative cavity of double-end pumping, all end faces from laser crystal carry out the resonant cavity type of pumping can realize ultra-short pulse laser with the method.
Can be directly focus on, the light intensity at the spot center place of the light beam after the focus is reduced with the pump beam of coupling mirror to optical fiber output; Also can directly regulate the output of diode laser; make the transverse mode of diode laser reach requirement; so long as, be different from traditional Flattened Gaussian Beams, all belong to technical scheme of the present invention thereby in gain medium, form effective locked mode mechanism by changing the light distribution of pump beam.
Laser crystal can be with containing transition metal ion Cr
3+, Ti
3+, Co
2+Deng tunable laser crystal, also can be Nd
3+, Ho
3+, Yb
3+, Tm
2+, Er
3+Deng the gain media of doping with rare-earth ions, can realize the ultra-short pulse laser running with this scheme so long as can carry out the laser crystal of pumping from the end face of crystal.
Can be provided with to strengthen locked mode in resonant cavity is other locked mode devices of purpose, such as hard diaphragm, non-linear saturable absorber Cr
4+: YAG, GaAs, SESAM etc.
For the laser crystal of wide gain, the GVD (Group Velocity Dispersion) compensating device can be set, in the chamber or outside the chamber to obtain the ultrashort pulse of the conversion limit; For the crystal of narrower gain, particularly change the crystal that the limit is a picosecond magnitude, GVD (Group Velocity Dispersion) is very little to the influence of pulsewidth, can no longer increase dispersion compensation device.
The X die cavity femto-second laser of single face pumping, being provided with one, to make the pump beam that incides on the laser crystal be the beam shaping system of central light strength Flattened Gaussian Beams that depression is arranged, 527nm light beam to the output of Nd:YLF frequency multiplication carries out shaping, X die cavity inner laser crystal is Ti: sapphire, the input mirror M of X die cavity
2Plated film is high reflection in 750～850nm broadband and the high transmission of 527nm, three chamber mirror M of other of X die cavity
1, M
3, M
4Plated film is the high reflection in 750～850nm broadband, and the output of X die cavity is through to being that the prism of GVD (Group Velocity Dispersion) compensating device is after outgoing mirror M
5Output, M
5Broadband 750～850nm transmitance 3.6%,, realize the continuous locking mold running of self-starting, the tunable femtosecond pulse of output wavelength.
The Z type refrative cavity picosecond laser of single end face pump, being provided with one, to make the pump beam that incides on the laser crystal be the beam shaping system that contains coupling mirror of central light strength Flattened Gaussian Beams that depression is arranged, Z die cavity inner laser crystal is Nd:YVO
4, the plane input mirror M of Z type refrative cavity
1, plated film is high reflection 1342nm and high transmission 808nm; Two plano-concave mirror M
2, M
3Radius of curvature is respectively 500mm and 300mm, and plated film is high reflection 1342nm; The flat output mirror M of laser
4To 1342nm transmitance 10%, described coupling mirror is two plano-convex condenser lenses.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: at present, realized the continuous locking mold picopulse sequence of complete self-starting experimentally with the inventive method, just realized continuous locking mold running completely under less than 1 watt situation at pump power, and it is stable that power output and pulse duration keep for a long time, self-starting fully, without any need for external disturbance, proved that the method is in full force and effect feasible.The X die cavity femto-second laser of single face pumping and Z type refrative cavity picosecond laser especially have the good laser of implementation result.
Although realized this self mode-locked laser in experiment, locked mode mechanism wherein waits deep discussion, among in fact the locked mode mechanism of kerr lens also being studied.But the mode-locked laser that the inventive method realizes is oversimplified whole Optical Maser System, do not need additional any disturbance measure, the locked mode threshold value reduces greatly, and operating wavelength range is wide, can realize ultra-short pulse laser output in this way to all wavelengths in the crystal stimulated radiation scope.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 has the light path 1 (a) of X die cavity self mode-locked laser of dispersion compensation and the schematic diagram of pumping light distribution 1 (b)
The light path 2 (a) of the Z die cavity self mode-locked laser of Fig. 2 end pumping and the schematic diagram of pumping light distribution 2 (b)
Fig. 3 adopts the continuous locking mold pulse train of the self mode-locked laser output of Fig. 2 device
Laser crystal 1, the beam shaping system 2 that contains coupling mirror, LD pump light among the figure.
Embodiment
(1) with a coupled system 527nm pump beam of Nd:YLF frequency multiplication output is modulated, making the light beam that incides on the laser crystal is the Flattened Gaussian Beams that central light strength has depression, as accompanying drawing 1 (a), adopt the refrative cavity shown in the accompanying drawing 1 (b), laser crystal is Ti:Sapphire, cavity mirror plating film M
1, M
3, M
4: HR (high reflection) @750-850nm, M
2: HR@750-850nm﹠amp; HT (high transmission) @527nm, M
5: T (transmitance)=3.6%@750-850nm, can realize the continuous femtosecond pulse output in broadband.
(2) with the modulation of a set of lenses realization to flat-top Gauss pump beam, making the pump beam that incides on the laser crystal is the light beam that central light strength has depression, as accompanying drawing 2 (a), adopt the Z type refrative cavity of the end pumping shown in the accompanying drawing 2 (b), laser crystal is Nd:YVO
4, cavity mirror plating film M
1: HR@1342﹠HT@808nm, M
2, M
3: HR@1342nm, M
4: T=10%@1342nm, can realize the continuous picopulse output of 1342nm.
(3) self mode-locked laser of realizing according to embodiment (2), laser crystal can also be Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF, Nd:glass, Nd:GdVO
4, Yb:YAG, Yb:KVW, the laser crystal of multiple doping such as Yb:glass, the absorbing wavelength change pumping light wavelength according to crystal to the cavity mirror plating film, can also realize near the continuous locking mold laser output of the wavelength of 1.0 μ m and 0.9 μ m according to oscillation wavelength.
(4) self mode-locked laser of realizing according to embodiment (2), (3) can also increase the GVD (Group Velocity Dispersion) compensating device in the chamber, to obtain the ultra-short pulse laser output of the conversion limit.
(5) self mode-locked laser of realizing according to embodiment (1), laser crystal can also be Cr:forsterite, Cr:LiSAF, the laser crystal of gain such as Cr:LiCAF live width broad, as long as the absorbing wavelength according to crystal changes the pumping light wavelength, to the cavity mirror plating film, just can realize the continuous ultra-short pulse laser output of wide-band tuning in these crystal gain live widths according to oscillation wavelength.
(6) self mode-locked laser of realizing according to embodiment (1)-(5) in order to strengthen the non-linear modulation in the chamber, can also add diaphragm near level crossing, perhaps places non-linear saturated absorbing body, comprises Cr
4+: YAG, GaAs, InGaAs quanta trap semiconductor saturable absorption sheet etc.
(7) self mode-locked laser of realizing according to embodiment (1)-(5) in order to expand wave-length coverage, can also increase nonlinear crystal in the chamber or outside the chamber, obtains the ultra-short pulse laser of high order harmonic component.
The X die cavity femto-second laser of single face pumping, accompanying drawing 1 (a): the 527nm light beam of the Nd:YLF frequency multiplication being exported with a beam shaping system carries out shaping, making the pump beam that incides on the laser crystal is the Flattened Gaussian Beams that central light strength has depression, shown in accompanying drawing 1 (b), laser crystal is Ti:Sapphire, chamber mirror M
1, M
3, M
4Plated film is the high reflection in 750～850nm broadband, input mirror M
2Plated film is high reflection in 750～850nm broadband and the high transmission of 527nm, outgoing mirror M
5Broadband 750～850nm transmitance 3.6%, prism realize the continuous locking mold running of self-starting, the tunable femtosecond pulse of output wavelength to being the GVD (Group Velocity Dispersion) compensating device.
The Z type refrative cavity picosecond laser of single end face pump, accompanying drawing 2 (a): laser crystal is Nd:YVO
4, plane input mirror M
1, plated film is high reflection 1342nm and high transmission 808nm; Plano-concave mirror M
2, M
3Radius of curvature is respectively 500mm and 300mm, and plated film is high reflection 1342nm; Flat output mirror M
4To 1342nm transmitance 10%, coupling mirror is two plano-convex condenser lenses, because the thickness in zone, lens centre is greater than the edge, the focal length of lens is increased along radius gradually by central core region, the light intensity in the spot center zone after light beam focuses on through this coupling mirror is less than the periphery, and promptly central light strength has a little depression, as accompanying drawing 2 (b), realize the 1342nm continuous locking mold running of complete self-starting, the output picosecond pulse laser.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of method to set up of self mode-locked laser, it is characterized in that pump light by a surface feeding sputtering of laser crystal to laserresonator, adopt the beam shaping system to make the light intensity of center of pump spot less than the light intensity around it, there is the Gaussian beam of depression at the center of promptly causing, laser crystal as the laser gain crystal time again as the locked mode device, in laser crystal, be formed centrally a zone that is similar to diaphragm, by regulating pump beam, just can control the size in diaphragm zone, the Kerr effect of crystal and the acting in conjunction of soft light door screen, finish the startup of mode-locked laser running and keep the ultrashort pulse output of realization continuous locking mold or the mode locking pulse output that realizes transferring Q.
2, the method to set up of self mode-locked laser according to claim 1, it is characterized in that laserresonator be the linear cavity of end pumping mode, from the X die cavity of an end pumping of laser crystal or the refrative cavity of double-end pumping, all end faces from laser crystal carry out the chamber type of pumping, can realize ultra-short pulse laser in this way.
3, the method to set up of self mode-locked laser according to claim 1; the transverse mode that it is characterized in that inciding the pump beam on the laser crystal no longer is traditional Flattened Gaussian Beams; comprise and adopt arbitrarily that the beam shaping system carries out shaping to pump beam; light beam after the shaping can be the Flattened Gaussian Beams that central light strength has depression; also can be the non-Flattened Gaussian Beams that central light strength has depression, so long as form the mode-locked laser of effective locked mode mechanism with the method that changes the light distribution of pump beam in gain medium.
4, the method to set up of self mode-locked laser according to claim 1 is characterized in that pumping source comprises various pump light sources such as diode laser, all solid state laser.
5, the method to set up of self mode-locked laser according to claim 1 is characterized in that being included in that to increase non-linear saturable absorption material etc. in the resonant cavity be other locked mode devices of purpose to strengthen locked mode.
6, the method to set up of self mode-locked laser according to claim 1, its feature are included in the resonant cavity or outside the chamber increases nonlinear crystal, to obtain the ultra-short pulse laser of high order harmonic component.
7, the X die cavity femto-second laser of single face pumping, being provided with one, to make the pump beam that incides on the laser crystal be the beam shaping system of central light strength Flattened Gaussian Beams that depression is arranged, 527nm light beam to the output of Nd:YLF frequency multiplication carries out shaping, X die cavity inner laser crystal is Ti: sapphire is characterized in that the input mirror M of X die cavity
2Plated film is high reflection in 750～850nm broadband and the high transmission of 527nm, three chamber mirror M of other of X die cavity
1, M
3, M
4Plated film is the high reflection in 750～850nm broadband, and the output of X die cavity is through to being that the prism of GVD (Group Velocity Dispersion) compensating device is after outgoing mirror M
5Output, M
5Broadband 750～850nm transmitance 3.6%,, realize the continuous locking mold running of self-starting, the tunable femtosecond pulse of output wavelength.
8, the Z type refrative cavity picosecond laser of single end face pump, being provided with one, to make the pump beam that incides on the laser crystal be the beam shaping system that contains coupling mirror of central light strength Flattened Gaussian Beams that depression is arranged, it is characterized in that Z die cavity inner laser crystal is Nd:YVO
4, the plane input mirror M of Z type refrative cavity
1, plated film is high reflection 1342nm and high transmission 808nm; Two plano-concave mirror M
2, M
3Radius of curvature is respectively 500mm and 300mm, and plated film is high reflection 1342nm; The flat output mirror M of laser
4To 1342nm transmitance 10%, described coupling mirror is two plano-convex condenser lenses.
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| CN 200810234183 CN101414729B (en) | 2008-11-24 | 2008-11-24 | Self-mode-locking laser |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200810234183 CN101414729B (en) | 2008-11-24 | 2008-11-24 | Self-mode-locking laser |
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| CN101414729A true CN101414729A (en) | 2009-04-22 |
| CN101414729B CN101414729B (en) | 2013-03-27 |
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| CN104348071A (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2015-02-11 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Kerr-lens mode-locked all-solid-state laser |
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