CN101408121A - 排气后处理装置的再生方法和系统 - Google Patents

排气后处理装置的再生方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN101408121A
CN101408121A CNA2008101659237A CN200810165923A CN101408121A CN 101408121 A CN101408121 A CN 101408121A CN A2008101659237 A CNA2008101659237 A CN A2008101659237A CN 200810165923 A CN200810165923 A CN 200810165923A CN 101408121 A CN101408121 A CN 101408121A
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diesel engine
exhaust gas
machine oil
treatment device
regeneration
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CN101408121B (zh
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伊恩·佩格
迈克·瓦茨
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
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    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
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    • F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及排气后处理装置的再生方法和系统，公开了一种连接至混合动力车辆(5)的柴油发动机(20)的排气后处理装置(50)的再生方法，其中当再生排气后处理装置(50)时对由柴油发动机(20)驱动的发电机(24)施加以机油电加热器(52)为形式的电力负载以便增加从柴油发动机(20)流向排气后处理装置(50)的排气的温度并增加流过柴油发动机(20)的机油的温度以便允许使用较少的延迟喷射燃料以再生排气后处理装置(50)并减少燃料向机油的转移。

Description

排气后处理装置的再生方法和系统
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及混合动力电动车辆(HEV)，特别是涉及具有柴油内燃发动机的HEV。
背景技术
减少汽车和其它由内燃发动机(ICE)驱动的车辆的化石燃料消费和排放的需求已为众所周知。电动马达驱动的车辆试图满足这些需求。然而，电动车辆具有受到限制的行驶范围和受到限制的能量容量且需要充足的时间以对其电池充电。一种可选解决方案为将ICE和电动牵引马达两者结合在一辆车辆中。这种车辆典型地被称为混合动力电动车辆(HEV)。HEV可设置为多种配置，其中一些配置需要操作者在电动运转和内燃运转间选择，而在其他一些配置中内燃发动机驱动与电动驱动之间的转换自动执行。
最通常的配置为：
a.串联混合动力电动车辆(SHEV)，其中内燃发动机连接至称为发电机的电动马达。发电机依次向电池和另一称为牵引马达的电动马达提供电能。在SHEV中，牵引马达是唯一的车轮扭矩源。在发动机与驱动轮之间没有机械连接；
b.并联混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)配置具有一起提供需要的车轮扭矩以驱动车辆的内燃发动机和电动马达。在PHEV配置中，电动马达可用作通过ICE产生的能量对电池充电的发电机；以及
c.并联/串联混合动力电动车辆(PSHEV)，由于其兼有PHEV和SHEV配置的特性且典型地被称为“动力分配”配置。在PSHEV中，内燃发动机通过行星齿轮组驱动桥机械连接至两个电动马达。第一电动马达即发电机连接至中心齿轮，内燃发动机连接至齿轮架，牵引马达形式的第二电动马达通过驱动桥中的附加传动装置连接至环形(输出)齿轮。来自内燃发动机的扭矩驱动发电机以对电池充电。发电机还对需要的车轮(输出轴)扭矩做出贡献。牵引马达用于贡献车轮扭矩，并且如果使用再生制动系统则用于再生制动能量以对电池充电。
将内燃发动机与电动马达结合起来的需求很清楚，减低燃料消耗与内燃发动机的排放而不会感觉到车辆性能或行驶范围损失。
所有的混合动力电动车辆的一个共同特征在于只要有可能便中止内燃发动机以减少排放和燃料消耗，这样的缺点在于内燃发动机经常在其最佳运行温度以下运行。
这在柴油发动机的情况下造成了特殊的问题，因为对于柴油发动机，在燃烧循环后期以被称为后喷射的方法喷射燃料以便再生排气后处理装置例如柴油微粒捕集器、NOx捕集器或催化转化器是常规做法。对这种燃料的喷射正时做出选择，这样其在循环中发生得很迟以致燃料不会燃烧而是随排气离开汽缸并被带入排气后处理系统以使其再生。在一些情况下，特别是当排气的温度较低时，有两次燃料后喷射，第一次设置成使燃料在汽缸中部分燃烧以增加离开发动机的排气的温度，而第二次如上所述在燃烧循环中发生得非常迟。
尽管后喷射在改进排气处理系统的效率和运转方面是成功的，但其不利之处在于使用了别的方式不需要的燃料，因此期望将再生中使用的燃料量减少到最小。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具备减少的燃料使用的柴油混合动力电动车辆的排气后处理装置的再生方法。
依照本发明的第一个方面，提供了一种具有驱动地连接至发电机的柴油发动机的柴油混合动力电动车辆的排气后处理装置的再生方法，该方法包含以下步骤：在排气后处理装置的再生开始之前通过接通设置用于加热穿过柴油发动机循环的机油的机油电加热器对发电机施加电力负载以便增加从发动机排出的排气的温度和穿过柴油发动机循环的机油的温度，再生排气后处理装置，以及通过切断机油电加热器从发电机移除电力负载以便使排气的温度和机油的温度回到正常水平。
再生排气后处理装置可包含当确定需要再生时开始燃料延迟喷射入柴油发动机内以便再生排气后处理装置，以及当确定再生完成时终止燃料的延迟喷射。
电力负载可进一步包含电池，且所述方法可进一步包含当已知需要再生时允许电池的充电状态下降到低水平，在开始排气后处理装置的再生之前开始对电池充电，以及在排气后处理装置再生时持续对电池充电。
柴油发动机可具有变流量机油泵，而所述方法可进一步包含当排气后处理装置再生时增加流过柴油发动机的机油流量。
该发电机可为发电机/马达。
依照本发明的第二个方面，提供了一种具有驱动地连接至发电机的柴油发动机、至少一个可选择性连接至发电机的电力负载、用于处理来自柴油发动机的排气的排气后处理装置、以及用于控制排气后处理装置的再生和对发电机施加电力负载的控制器的柴油混合动力电动车辆，其中电力负载为用于加热流过柴油发动机的机油的机油电加热器，控制器可运转以在开始排气后处理装置的再生之前接通机油电加热器以便增加流过柴油发动机的机油的温度、在再生时增加从柴油发动机流出的排气流量、以及当排气后处理装置的再生完成时切断机油电加热器以允许从柴油发动机流向排气后处理装置的排气的温度和机油的温度回到正常水平。
电力负载可进一步包含电池，且控制器可运转以当已知需要再生时允许电池的充电状态下降到低水平，在排气后处理装置再生之前与再生时使用发电机对电池充电并使用机油加热器加热机油。
柴油发动机可具有变流量机油泵以使机油穿过柴油发动机循环，且控制器可进一步运转以在排气后处理装置再生时增加流过柴油发动机的机油的流量。
发电机可以是发电机/马达。
现在将参考附图以举例的方式对本发明进行描述。
附图说明
附图1为依照本发明的柴油混合动力电动车辆的图示。
附图2为显示了依照本发明的方法的一个实施例的流程图。
具体实施方式
参考附图1，显示了柴油混合动力电动车辆5，其在本例中为并联/串联混合动力电动车辆(动力分配)配置。
车辆5具有柴油发动机20，来自所述柴油发动机20的排气流穿过排气后处理装置，所述排气后处理装置在本例中为柴油微粒捕集器50。
采用传感器阵列51向控制器36供应多个信号，例如排气温度和排气构成。应了解，其他传感器可定位在柴油微粒捕集器50的下游。
机油电加热器52在本例中被设置以选择性地加热储存在柴油发动机20的油底壳中的机油，但也可定位在柴油发动机20的机油润滑回路中任意方便的位置。
机油电加热器52电连接至由柴油发动机20驱动的发电机/马达24。
使用机油泵(图中未示)来使机油穿过柴油发动机20的机油润滑回路循环，该机油泵优选为在其中的流体与柴油发动机20的转速无关的类型。也就是说，机油泵为变流量类型，且穿过柴油发动机20的机油流由控制器36控制。
行星齿轮组26将齿轮架通过单向离合器44机械连接至柴油发动机20，并将中心齿轮机械连接至发电机/马达24，将环形(输出)齿轮机械连接至牵引马达30。
发电机/马达24也机械连接至制动器22并电连接至电池28。
牵引马达30通过第二齿轮组32机械连接至行星齿轮组26的环形齿轮，并电连接至电池28。行星齿轮组26的环形齿轮通过输出轴33机械连接至车辆5的驱动轮34。
牵引马达30可用于通过第二齿轮组32增加在并联路径上从柴油发动机20传递给驱动轮34的动力。
所有的系统控制由常被称作车辆系统控制器的控制器36执行。
控制器36通过连接至每个部件控制器运转所有的车辆主要部件，且在本例中含有动力系统控制模块(PCM)，尽管PCM可以处于独立的单元中。
控制器36通过硬连线接口连接至柴油发动机20，且也通过通信网络连接至电池控制单元(BCU)38和传动管理单元(TMU)40。
电池控制单元38通过硬连线接口连接至电池28，而传动管理单元40通过硬连线接口控制发电机/马达24和牵引马达30。
控制器36确定何时运行柴油发动机20以便为车辆5提供牵引力，或以便驱动发电机/马达24以对电池28充电。
控制器36还可运转以从传感器阵列51接收关于柴油微粒捕集器50何时需要再生的指示并执行依照本发明的方法，现在将参考附图2对该方法的一个实施例进行描述。
当发动机20启动时，该方法开始于步骤100。该步骤可被称为“接通”步骤。
该方法随后前进至步骤110，在该步骤其确定排气后处理装置50是否需要再生。如果不需要再生，则该方法在步骤110处循环直到需要再生，在该点该方法前进，如果在柴油发动机20上使用了变流量机油泵，则该方法前进至步骤120，否则方法前进至步骤130。
在步骤120处，增加穿过柴油发动机20循环的机油的流量。由于使用机油电加热器52作为发电机/马达24的电力负载，增加穿过柴油发动机20循环的机油的流量减少了在与机油电加热器52的接口处机油发生局部退化的风险。
在步骤130处，控制器36可运转以接通连接至发电机/马达24的电力负载，而在本例中控制器36可运转以接通机油电加热器52。机油电加热器的接通可在再生之前足够的时间间隔发生以便允许机油的温度充分上升以减少燃料在再生时转移到机油中。这种对机油的预热时期取决于将被加热的机油的量和机油电加热器52的能量消耗在不同的发动机中变化，但大约为几分钟而非几秒钟。前期接通机油电加热器52形式的电力负载还为排气的温度上升和加热排气后处理装置50提供了充足的时间。
应了解，除了使用机油电加热器52外，可以接通一个或多个附加电力负载以进一步增加柴油发动机20上的负载。
例如，当已知需要进行再生时，控制器36可以通过BCU 38允许电池28的充电状态处于低水平，在本例中电池28的充电可形成发电机/马达24的额外的电力负载。
随后在步骤140，通过将燃料延迟喷射或后喷射进入柴油发动机20开始排气后处理装置50的再生。这一直持续到确定再生已完成，以及由于提高的排气温度而比其它情况更少的燃料被后喷射。
在排气后处理装置50再生时施加电力负载具有两个优势：第一，因为机油电加热器52消耗大量的电能且连接至发电机/马达，通过对发电机/马达生成的能量的需求增加了柴油发动机20上的负载，而这种施加于柴油发动机20的负载的增加导致柴油发动机的排气温度升高，从而减少了再生所需的燃料量，从而改善了整体燃料经济性，而第二，由于需要较少的燃料，燃料被转移到机油中的风险较小。另外，升高的机油温度减少了在排气后处理装置50再生时转移到机油中的燃料量。
如步骤150所指示，当确定排气后处理装置50已经被再生时，终止燃料的后喷射。
如步骤160所指示，随后通过切断电力负载52使排气的温度回到正常。
如果在柴油发动机20上使用了变流量机油泵，则该方法从步骤160前进至步骤170，在步骤170穿过柴油发动机20的机油流量回到正常水平，否则，该方法前进至步骤180。
在步骤180，确定柴油发动机20是否还在运转，如果柴油发动机20还在运转(接通＝是)则该方法返回至步骤110，但如果确定柴油发动机20没有运转(接通＝否)则该方法前进至步骤200，在步骤200该方法结束。
应了解，所描述的方法只是依照本发明的方法的一个例子，本发明并未限制于所描述的步骤或这些步骤的执行顺序。
因此总而言之，本发明提出在后喷射时期开始之前提高来自柴油发动机20的排气的温度，并在后喷射停止后在特定时间内保持高温以便降低柴油发动机20在排气后处理装置50再生时消耗的燃料量，并使转移到机油中的燃料减至最少。
应了解，尽管已参考使用燃料延迟喷射或后喷射以再生排气后处理装置50的实施例对本发明进行了描述，燃料也可选择地直接喷射入流向排气后处理装置50的排气或直接喷射入排气后处理装置50，但即使在这种情况中所需的燃料量也减少了。
尽管已参考在排气后处理装置50再生之前以及再生时对发电机/马达24施加机油电加热器52形式的单个电力负载的实施例对本发明进行了描述，应了解，还可施加多个包括机油电加热器52的电力负载。
本领域技术人员应了解，尽管已参考一个或多个实施例通过示例对本发明进行了描述，本发明并未限制于公开的实施例，可对公开的实施例或可选实施例进行一个或多个修改而不脱离本发明的范围。

Claims (11)

1.一种具有驱动地连接至发电机的柴油发动机的柴油混合动力电动车辆的排气后处理装置的再生方法，所述方法包含以下步骤：在开始所述排气后处理装置的再生之前通过接通设置以加热穿过所述柴油发动机循环的机油的机油电加热器对所述发电机施加电力负载以便增加来自所述发动机的排气的温度和穿过所述柴油发动机循环的机油的温度，再生所述排气后处理装置，以及通过切断所述机油电加热器从所述发电机移除所述电力负载以便允许所述排气的温度和所述机油的温度回到正常水平。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：再生所述排气后处理装置包含当确定需要再生时开始燃料延迟喷射入所述柴油发动机内以便再生所述排气后处理装置，以及当确定再生完成时终止燃料的延迟喷射。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于：所述电力负载进一步包含电池，而所述方法进一步包含当已知需要再生时允许所述电池的充电状态下降到低水平，在开始所述排气后处理装置的再生之前开始对所述电池充电，以及在所述排气后处理装置再生时持续对所述电池充电。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：所述柴油发动机具有变流量机油泵，而所述方法进一步包含当所述排气后处理装置再生时增加流过所述柴油发动机的机油的流量。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：所述发电机为发电机/马达。
6.一种具有驱动地连接至发电机的柴油发动机、至少一个可选择性连接至所述发电机的电力负载、用于处理来自所述柴油发动机的排气的排气后处理装置、以及用于控制所述排气后处理装置的再生和对所述发电机施加所述电力负载的控制器的柴油混合动力电动车辆，其中所述电力负载为用于加热流过所述柴油发动机的机油的机油电加热器，所述控制器可运转以在开始所述排气后处理装置的再生之前接通所述机油电加热器以便增加流过所述柴油发动机的机油的温度、在再生时增加从所述柴油发动机流出的排气流量、以及当所述排气后处理装置的再生完成时切断所述机油电加热器以允许从所述柴油发动机流向所述排气后处理装置的排气的温度和所述机油的温度回到正常水平。
7.根据权利要求6所述的柴油混合动力电动车辆，其特征在于：所述电力负载进一步包含电池，而所述控制器可运转以当已知需要再生时允许所述电池的充电状态下降到低水平，在所述排气后处理装置的再生之前与再生时使用所述发电机对所述电池充电并使用所述机油电加热器加热所述机油。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的柴油混合动力电动车辆，其特征在于：所述柴油发动机具有变流量机油泵以使机油穿过所述柴油发动机循环，而所述控制器可进一步运转以在所述排气后处理装置再生时增加流过所述柴油发动机的机油的流量。
9.根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的柴油混合动力电动车辆，其特征在于：所述发电机为发电机/马达。
10.一种基本上参考附图如本文中所描述的具有驱动地连接至发电机的柴油发动机的柴油混合动力电动车辆的排气后处理装置的再生方法。
11.一种基本上参考附图如本文中所描述的柴油混合动力电动车辆。
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