CN101406925B - Method for device for forming metal micro-thixotropy in semi-solid state assistant by supersonic vibration - Google Patents
Method for device for forming metal micro-thixotropy in semi-solid state assistant by supersonic vibration Download PDFInfo
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- CN101406925B CN101406925B CN2008101621808A CN200810162180A CN101406925B CN 101406925 B CN101406925 B CN 101406925B CN 2008101621808 A CN2008101621808 A CN 2008101621808A CN 200810162180 A CN200810162180 A CN 200810162180A CN 101406925 B CN101406925 B CN 101406925B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for the micro-thixotropy and molding of semisolid metal through the assistance of supersonic vibration. The lower end of a lower mould is provided with an electric heater of the lower mould; the lower mould is connected with a supersonic amplitude transformer; the lower mould is provided with a thermocouple of the lower mould; the upper end of a punching head is connected with an upper mould; the upper end of the upper mould is provided with an electric heater of the upper mould; the upper mould is connected with a pressure lever; and the upper mould is provided with a thermocouple of the upper mould. A semisolid metal blank material is remelted and heated to a solid-liquid coexisting region and is subjected to pressure machining; at the same time, supersonic vibration is applied to reduce friction and micro-molding resistance between the semisolid metal blank material and a micro-mould, strengthen the fluidity of the semi-solid metal material, improve the filling performance of the semisolid metal material in the micro-mould, and achieve good micro-molding effect. The method promotes the micro-thixotropy and molding of the semisolid metal, improves the efficiency of micro-molding, reduces equipment cost, avoids the disadvantages of hole contraction and the like in micro-machining process and improves the effects of micro-thixotropy and molding of the semisolid metal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the metal material micro-processing technology, relate in particular to a kind of forming metal micro-thixotropy in semi-solid state assistant by supersonic vibration method and device.
Background technology
Early 1970s, the scientist of Massachusetts Institute Technology has found the rheological property of semi-solid-state metal first in experiment, and developed the semi-solid metal forming technology, this technology is between solid metallic shaping and liquid metal shaping, casting and plastic forming process advantage have been merged, have remarkable advantages such as efficient, energy-conservation, it is 21 century one of the most rising near-net-shape technology that many scholars are called.Nowadays Chinese scholars has been carried out number of research projects to Semi-Solid Metals Forming, and the semi-solid processing of aluminium alloy and magnesium alloy is increasingly mature, and its achievement in research has obtained in the part processing in auto industry largely and used.
Semi-Solid Metals Forming is the general name of the process that forms processing at the semi-molten of solid, liquid attitude coexistence or semi-solid metal, mainly comprise two kinds of technologies of thixotropic forming and rheological molding, wherein rheological molding (Rheoforming) is meant and will directly carries out semi-solid processing under the condition of its semi-solid temperature of maintenance through stirring the semi-solid metal slurry that obtains, and thixotropic forming (Thixoforming) be meant the semi solid slurry cooled and solidified become blank after, according to the product size blanking, reheat semi-solid temperature again, form processing then.The thixotropic forming technological process is long, but it is convenient to organize specialized production, and quality is convenient to control, thereby becomes the emphasis of semi-solid state forming technique research, also most technologies that adopt thixotropic forming in existing research and commercial Application.
Have certain solid-to-liquid ratio when metal stock is in semisolid, compare with liquid die casting, it has certain viscosity, so, can avoid shortcomings such as splash, turbulent flow and volume gas during shaping; It forges with solid and compares, and be easy to form fine feature, and deformation force is little, can save the energy.Therefore, compare with traditional forming technology, Semi-Solid Metals Forming has a series of outstanding advantages: forming temperature is low, the drip molding mechanical property is good, combine the advantage of solid metallic die forging and liquid casting forming preferably, can produce complex-shaped, high-performance and high-precision miniature parts in batches.The intrinsic advantage of semi-solid-state shaping has determined semi-solid state forming technique to have and has been applied to the potentiality that micro parts prepares, and be expected to solve the ubiquitous cost height of present fine structure process technology, inefficient problem, for the low-cost production in enormous quantities of fine structure provides a kind of new method, yet the little forming technique of semisolid is worldwide reported still seldom so far.The people such as Steinhoff of Holland in 2004 time have proposed relevant little semi-solid-state shaping (title again: little thixotropic forming in " Steel Research International " magazine the 75th volume 611-619 beginning of the page, Micro-Thixoforming) notion and method, but the further report of this technical research and application does not also appear so far.People such as the Gap-Yong Kim of Univ Michigan-Ann Arbor USA study for the little thixotropic forming technology of the semi-solid aluminium alloy under little/meso-scale in the research of thesis for the doctorate, main achievement in research is reported at " Transactions ofthe ASME, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering " magazine the 129th volume 246-251 page or leaf in 2007.
Can find that from the research of the little forming technique of current semi-solid-state metal report the little forming technique development of semi-solid-state metal at present still is in the starting stage, technical that is that all right is ripe, and little shaping filling effect is not satisfactory.
The main problem that exists has:
(1) in the little thixotropic forming process of semi-solid-state metal, forming effect is stable inadequately, and the shaping uniformity of some the same structure features in the same process is good not enough;
(2) also have problems such as shrinkage cavity, grainiess be not fine and close in the little thixotropic forming structure of semi-solid-state metal, the microstructure appearance of the workpiece that produces also haves much room for improvement;
(3) working (machining) efficiency of the little thixotropic forming of semi-solid-state metal and energy consumption still have much room for improvement.
In order to push the semi-solid-state metal micro-forming method to commercial application, be fit in enormous quantities, low-cost and metal superfine architectural feature processing method efficiently thereby provide a kind of, it is very necessary improving for the little thixotropic forming technology of existing semi-solid-state metal.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency of the little thixotropic forming method of above-mentioned semi-solid-state metal, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of forming metal micro-thixotropy in semi-solid state assistant by supersonic vibration method and device.Utilize hyperacoustic guide function, eliminating gas, enhancing semi-solid metal material flowability, reduce effects such as little one-tenth form drag, increase material density, reach booster action to the little thixotropic forming process of semi-solid-state metal, thereby obtain the good little forming effect of semi-solid-state metal workpiece, improve little thixotropic forming efficient.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
One, a kind of forming metal micro-thixotropy in semi-solid state assistant by supersonic vibration method, this method comprises following each step:
(1) be that the semi-solid-state metal blank of globular crystal places on the counterdie with internal organizational structure, by embedded electric heater preheating and keep drift and the counterdie temperature rises to 250～350 ℃;
(2) induction coil heating semi-solid-state metal stock temperature, the fraction solid of control blank or liquid phase fraction are to the solid-liquid coexistence;
(3) forging and pressing load is depressed and applied to the drift that lower surface is had fine feature structure, initiation pressure processing, forging force is 50kN～70kN, meanwhile open the power ultrasonic generating means, be connected with the direct of counterdie by ultrasonic amplitude transformer, it is 300～500W that the little thixotropic forming process of semi-solid-state metal is applied power, and frequency is the ultrasonic vibration of 15～20kHz, under hyperacoustic booster action, finish little thixotropic forming process to the semi-solid-state metal blank;
(4) little thixotropic forming process is assisted in the ultrasonic vibration of finishing semi-solid-state metal, stops ultrasonic vibration and mold heated;
(5) behind the rise drift, take out the little thixotropic forming part of semi-solid-state metal.
Two, a kind of forming metal micro-thixotropy in semi-solid state assistant by supersonic vibration device:
Be provided with the counterdie electric heater in the lower end of counterdie, counterdie is connected with ultrasonic amplitude transformer, the counterdie thermocouple is installed in counterdie, the upper end that lower surface has the drift of fine feature structure is connected with patrix, the patrix upper end is provided with the patrix electric heater, patrix is connected with depression bar, and the patrix thermocouple is installed in the patrix.
In the forming metal micro-thixotropy in semi-solid state assistant by supersonic vibration method and apparatus, the described drift lower surface that has fine feature structure has the array of circular apertures that is 0.8mm～1mm for aperture and the degree of depth.
The beneficial effect that the present invention has is:
The present invention is applied to ultrasonic vibration the little thixotropic forming process of semi-solid-state metal first, utilizes the many-sided booster action of ultrasonic vibration to improve little thixotropic forming effect, has shortened the process time, has improved processing quality, has reduced manufacturing cost.It is for the development and the application thereof that promote the little thixotropic forming method of semi-solid-state metal, thereby obtains a kind of high efficiency, low cost, high-quality metal superfine architectural feature processing method is significant.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is forming metal micro-thixotropy in semi-solid state assistant by supersonic vibration device schematic diagram (during an eddy-current heating).
Fig. 2 is forming metal micro-thixotropy in semi-solid state assistant by supersonic vibration device schematic diagram (during a thixotropic forming).
Among the figure: 1. ultrasonic amplitude transformer, 2. counterdie electric heater, 3. screw, 4. drift, 5. bolt, 6. patrix electric heater, 7. depression bar, 8. patrix, 9. patrix thermocouple, 10. counterdie, 11. semi-solid-state metal blanks, 12. counterdie thermocouples, 13. induction coils.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the present invention is provided with counterdie electric heater 2 in the lower end of counterdie 10, counterdie 10 is connected with ultrasonic amplitude transformer 1, counterdie thermocouple 12 is installed in counterdie 10, the upper end that lower surface has the drift 4 of fine feature structure is connected with patrix 8, patrix 8 upper ends are provided with patrix electric heater 6, and patrix 8 is connected with depression bar 7, and patrix thermocouple 9 is installed in the patrix 8.
The described drift lower surface that has fine feature structure has the array of circular apertures that is 0.8mm～1mm for aperture and the degree of depth.
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the specific implementation process of the forming metal micro-thixotropy in semi-solid state assistant by supersonic vibration method of the present invention's proposition is as follows:
(1) as shown in Figure 1, patrix electric heater 6 is set in processing unit (plant) to be heated drift 4 and counterdie 10 respectively with counterdie electric heater 2, patrix thermocouple 9 and counterdie thermocouple 12 also are set in device simultaneously, and measure the temperature of patrix 8 and counterdie 10 respectively in real time.With patrix electric heater 6 and patrix thermocouple 9, and thereby counterdie electric heater 2 is connected to the multi-channel high-accuracy temperature controller with counterdie thermocouple 12 and forms two closed loop thermal control systems, control temperature by setting the multichannel temperature controller and control strategy etc. have related parameter, can reach the real-time FEEDBACK CONTROL for drift 4 and counterdie 10 temperature.The material that drift 4 and counterdie 10 adopt is hot die steel H13.Need carry out preheating to drift 4 and counterdie 10 in the forming metal micro-thixotropy in semi-solid state assistant by supersonic vibration first being processed, temperature remains on about 300 ℃, this is because in the little thixotropic forming process of semi-solid-state metal, if the temperature of drift 4 and counterdie 10 was compared low with semi-solid-state metal blank 11 post bake temperature, can cause that then the temperature of semi-solid-state metal blank 11 in process descends too fast, semi solid slurry is crusted rapidly, or increase cold shut, thereby influence the forming effect of semi-solid-state metal micro-structural, if but mold temperature is too high, weldbonding quickens die wear easily, therefore controls drift 4 and counterdie 10 temperature about 300 ℃.
(2) as shown in Figure 1, after counterdie 10 and drift 4 preheatings are finished, use induction coil 13 for placing the semi-solid-state metal blank 11 on the counterdie 10 to heat, control fraction solid of blank or liquid phase fraction be to the solid-liquid coexistence, and semi-solid-state metal blank 11 can adopt semi-solid aluminium alloy commonly used such as A356, A357 or magnesium alloy to process.After finishing eddy-current heating, shift out induction coil 13.
(3) as shown in Figure 2, treat that the semi-solid-state metal blank heating to the solid-liquid coexistence, depresses and apply forging and pressing load with drift 4, initiation pressure processing, forging force is 50kN～70kN.The forming metal micro-thixotropy in semi-solid state assistant by supersonic vibration device can be reequiped on the basis of common press, wherein patrix 8 and depression bar 7 connect by bolt 5, and the fine feature structure of drift 4 lower ends can adopt the fine electric spark processing mode to finish processing according to the workpiece needs.Open ultrasonic generating means when pressure processing begins, hyperacoustic power is 300～500W, and frequency is 15～20kHz.Because ultrasonic amplitude transformer 1 directly is connected by screw 3 with counterdie 10, thereby guaranteed effective transmission of ultrasonic vibratory energy.In little thixotropic forming process, apply ultrasonic vibration always, make the semi-solid-state metal blank under hyperacoustic booster action, finish quick little forming process.In pressure processing, still need to continue heating for drift 4 and counterdie 10 by two closed loop thermal control systems, keep drift 4 and counterdie 10 is in the condition of high temperature, thereby guarantee that the temperature in the little thixotropic forming process of semi-solid-state metal is in the solid-liquid coexistence.
(4) after little thixotropic forming process is finished, stop ultrasonic vibration and mold heated.
(5) behind the rise drift, take out the little Forming Workpiece of semi-solid-state metal, repeat the processing that above process can begin next workpiece.
Claims (4)
1. a forming metal micro-thixotropy in semi-solid state assistant by supersonic vibration method is characterized in that, this method comprises following each step:
(1) be that the semi-solid-state metal blank of globular crystal places on the counterdie with internal organizational structure, by embedded electric heater preheating and keep drift and the counterdie temperature rises to 250～350 ℃;
(2) induction coil heating semi-solid-state metal stock temperature, the fraction solid of control blank or liquid phase fraction are to the solid-liquid coexistence;
(3) forging and pressing load is depressed and applied to the drift that lower surface is had fine feature structure, initiation pressure processing, forging force is 50kN～70kN, meanwhile open the power ultrasonic generating means, be connected with the direct of counterdie by ultrasonic amplitude transformer, it is 300～500W that the little thixotropic forming process of semi-solid-state metal is applied power, and frequency is the ultrasonic vibration of 15～20kHz, under hyperacoustic booster action, finish little thixotropic forming process to the semi-solid-state metal blank;
(4) little thixotropic forming process is assisted in the ultrasonic vibration of finishing semi-solid-state metal, stops ultrasonic vibration and mold heated;
(5) behind the rise drift, take out the little thixotropic forming part of semi-solid-state metal.
2. a kind of forming metal micro-thixotropy in semi-solid state assistant by supersonic vibration method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described drift lower surface that has fine feature structure has the array of circular apertures that is 0.8mm～1mm for aperture and the degree of depth.
3. forming metal micro-thixotropy in semi-solid state assistant by supersonic vibration device, it is characterized in that: be provided with counterdie electric heater (2) in the lower end of counterdie (10), counterdie (10) is connected with ultrasonic amplitude transformer (1), counterdie thermocouple (12) is installed in counterdie (10), the upper end that lower surface has the drift (4) of fine feature structure is connected with patrix (8), patrix (8) upper end is provided with patrix electric heater (6), and patrix (8) is connected with depression bar (7), and patrix thermocouple (9) is installed in the patrix (8).
4. a kind of forming metal micro-thixotropy in semi-solid state assistant by supersonic vibration device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the described drift lower surface that has fine feature structure has the array of circular apertures that is 0.8mm～1mm for aperture and the degree of depth.
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