CN1013923B - 外科手术用夹具 - Google Patents

外科手术用夹具

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Publication number
CN1013923B
CN1013923B CN88107714A CN88107714A CN1013923B CN 1013923 B CN1013923 B CN 1013923B CN 88107714 A CN88107714 A CN 88107714A CN 88107714 A CN88107714 A CN 88107714A CN 1013923 B CN1013923 B CN 1013923B
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folder
protrusion
anchor clamps
finger
jerk
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CN88107714A
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CN1033738A (zh
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唐·凯西
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Casey Medical Products Ltd
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Casey Medical Products Ltd
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Priority to CN91102405A priority Critical patent/CN1054713A/zh
Publication of CN1033738A publication Critical patent/CN1033738A/zh
Publication of CN1013923B publication Critical patent/CN1013923B/zh
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F6/00Contraceptive devices; Pessaries; Applicators therefor
    • A61F6/20Vas deferens occluders; Fallopian occluders
    • A61F6/206Clamps

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Reproductive Health (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

作绝育手术用的塑料夹具10包括二个铰接夹件12、14,每个夹件具有硅橡胶弹性衬,二夹件可从打开位置到关闭位置(此时将输卵管60咬合)运动,利用弹性指22作用在上夹件14上的凸起物46上的压力,制动机构40将二夹件分开,当二夹件到达关闭位置时,弹性指与凸起物接触将夹件锁住,在闭合期间,上夹件上的弹性舌54和下夹件上的钩18防止输卵管脱出,使用时如果夹具没充分闭合,则夹具在偏压下弹开。

Description

本发明涉及一种咬合人体内管状器官的外科手术用夹具,特别是适用于妇女作绝育手术用的夹具,该夹具包括铰接在一起的二个刚性夹件,这二个夹件闭合时形成一个开口,该开口用来置放需要作咬合手术的人体管状器官,靠近枢轴处有个制动机构,该机构包括在一个夹件上的凸起物和在另一个夹件上的弹性指,使用时弹性指支撑在上述凸起物上。
各种各样的夹具已被推荐,这些夹具都包括制机机构,以便在使用后使夹具处于闭合状态。
本发明的目的之一是提供一种绝育手术用的夹具,其特征是凸起物是这样成型的,使得由弹性指施加的接触力,在夹件闭合的大致整个运动期间,沿着在枢轴转动轴线和其中一个夹件之间通过的方向,作用的凸起物上,其结果是弹性指与凸起物的相互作用将夹件向打开。位置偏压;凸起物上有一个突变点,一旦弹性指的运动超过了突变点时,弹性指与凸起物的相互作用阻止夹件为打开夹具而朝相互分离的方向运动。
这种向外的偏置是出于多种原因的需要而设计的。
首先,这种偏置保证使用者在外科手术过程中能安全使用夹具。第二,这种夹具经常在剖腹手术中应用。在这种手术中,夹具必须闭合得很紧,使它可以通过相关的观察仪器的狭窄管子。然而,当夹具一旦通过管子就必须完全打开以便放置要动手术的管状器官。由本发明的夹具提供的向外的较大偏置保证夹具离开管子后,夹件可以弹开。
而且,由于夹件是有很大的偏置,只有制动机构很合适地接触时,夹具才能闭合。其结果是很容易分辨夹具是否很好的夹紧了,因为如果没有夹紧,夹件将立刻弹出。
已知的许多夹具都具有其所需要的向外的偏置,但已经发现,实际上夹件在部分打开位置的一个大范围中都保持静止。其原因是在二个夹件上的互相接触的偏置件之间的接触力是沿着通过一个夹件绕其转动的轴线的方向作用的。其结果,实际上没有偏置力作用在夹件上。
制动机构的位置在枢轴附近,而不是在开口的一端,保证了该机构与易损坏的输卵管的接触没有危险,不致引起出血。这保证了与输卵管相接触的夹件区域远离制动机构,这是基于防止手术时引起损伤的思想设计的。
现参见相应附图通过实施例对本发明的夹具作进一步描述。
图1是按照本发明的夹具的部件分解图;
图2表示了图1中的二个夹件在打开位置;
图3表示了一个夹具,其夹件将输卵管夹紧的状态。
图1至图3表示了作绝育手术的一种外科手术用夹具(10),其包括上下夹件(14,12),该上下夹件在一端由一个枢轴(38)互相联接,可在 打开位置(图2)和闭合位置(图3)之间运动,在打开位置,一根输卵管(60)导入二个夹件中;在闭合位置,该输卵管夹在二个夹件中,被夹件咬合。
二个夹件在图1中被分解了。下夹件(12)包含一个刚性的柄部(16),柄部(16)包含一个在其一端形成一个钩(18)的大致垂直的延伸物,在其另一端有二个大致盘状延伸物(20)和一个弹性指(22)。二个盘状延伸物(20)的中心是一致的,并有中心孔(26),轴销(28)置于孔(26)中。弹性指(22)构成制动机构(40)的一部分。
上夹件(14)也包括一个刚性柄部(30),其长度是当夹具(10)闭合时,使得在上夹件(14)的自由端(32)和在下夹件(12)上的延伸物即钩(18)之间形成一个狭窄通道。上夹件(14)的下部有一个弹性材料的薄带构成的弹性舌(54),其一端与柄部(30)构成一整体,其另一端为自由端。舌(54)被成型为当夹具(10)在打开位置时,舌(54)的自由端弯曲离开柄部(30)。每个夹件上有一个压制在上面的硅橡胶弹性衬(58),在上夹件(14)上,弹性衬(58)位于弹性舌(54)上。
在上夹件(14)的另一端是一个单盘状延伸物(34),其上有一个置放轴销(28)的孔(36)。
在组装好的夹具(10)中,盘状延伸物(34)位于盘状物(20)之间,位于孔(26,36)中的轴销(28)使盘状延伸物(34)相对于盘状物(20)转动,同时限制了夹件的横向运动。
盘状延伸物(34)的外围表面构成制动机构(40)的一部分。该表面上有一个凸起物,该凸起物具有二个被一个斜面分隔开的突变点即唇状物。该凸起物(46)的斜面离轴销(28)的径向距离是逐步增加的。在其最外端,凸起物(46)的斜面在一个向内沿伸的径向台阶或唇状物(48)处终止。在其最里端,凸起物(46)的斜面与一个向外凸出的限位面(42)邻接。
在打开位置(图2)的夹具(10),其弹性指的自由端(24)与限制夹具(10)打开的限位面(42)相接触。
当夹具闭合时,弹性指(22)顺着凸起物(46)的斜面滑动,以致当夹具闭合时,迫使弹性指(22)慢慢地朝外倾斜。凸起物(46)的斜面是这样成型的,使得弹性指(22)在凸起物(46)上的接触点的受力线是偏移轴销(28)的,也就是说,在夹具闭合的整个期间,而不是在弹性指(22)达到唇状物(48)的边缘以前,受力线是在盘状物(34)的旋转轴线(即轴销(28)的中心)和夹件(12)之间通过。结果,夹具(10)在闭合期间,向着打开位置被有力的偏压。在弹性指的自由端(24)到达凸起物上的唇状物(48)之前,夹紧压力的任何释放将会使夹具弹回到完全打开的位置(图2)。凸起物(46)是靠模式的,随着弹性指(22)靠近唇状物(48),弹性指进一步偏离轴销(28),由此产生一个打开夹具的较大的偏压。
要进一步地闭合夹具,就要使弹性指(22)移动通过唇状物即突变点(48)。在弹性指的自由端(24)和凸起物(46)的斜面之间的接触中断时,弹性指(22)回复到其自然状态,朝着圆盘(34)的径向侧移动。如果设法打开夹具(10),那末由于指状物(22)不能超过唇状物即突变点(48),则夹件(12,14)就锁在闭合位置(图3)。
夹具(10)咬合一根输卵管的使用情况可参见图2和图3,现在对此作一描述。
当夹具处于完全打开位置时(图2)输卵管(60)和部分输卵管系膜(64)位于夹件(12,14)间的开口(56)中。因而输卵管(60)位于一个大致垂直于夹件(12,14)所在平面的平面内。尽管舌(54)和在下夹件(12)上的钩(18)限定了开口(56),但在开口(56)中,输卵管(60)可以自由出入。
在使用时,夹件(12,14)铰接在一起来闭合开口(56)并把输卵管(60)夹住。在中间位置时,舌(54)已经接近或刚碰到夹件(12),因而在继续施加压力来关闭夹具时,可防止输卵管(60)从夹具中脱离。随着夹具继续闭合,舌(54)和钩(18)都限制输卵管(60)相对于夹具(10)运动。
当达到完全闭合位置(图3)并且夹件(12,14)由制动机构(40)锁在闭合位置时,腔(62)是被完全地咬合的。夹件(12,14)在输卵 管(60)上没有施加压缩力,而是利用来自弹性衬(58)的压力,在输卵管(60)周围的肌肉组织产生坏死之前,弹性衬(58)可防止管子脱离(recanalisation)。
在夹具闭合期间,舌(54)朝着上夹件(14)偏移并且舌(54)的顶点靠近钩(18)。在舌(54)和钩(18)之间的间隙可防止输卵管(60)从夹具(10)中脱离,而允许输卵管系膜(64)无损伤地在夹件(12,14)中通过。从图3中可见,在夹具(10)闭合时,舌(54)的形状是稍微偏离夹件(14)弯曲的。施加力把输卵管(60)拉出闭合的夹具(10)时,在输卵管系膜(64)上的拉力将使舌(54)朝着上夹件(14)的柄部(30)进一步偏移,由此减小了在舌(54)的端部和钩(18)之间的间隙,保证输卵管(60)不致脱离。
在夹具(10)闭合时,舌(54)同时还施加一个力在另一夹件(12)远离枢轴(38)的一端上,这恰恰有助于低销由夹件(12、14)施加的压缩力,否则该压缩力在枢轴附近较大,其结果是,即使输卵管位于二个夹件的自由端部之间,但是所施加的力还是不足以夹住输卵管。
夹具(10)还特别适用于剖腹手术或类似应用,因为夹件有打开的倾向,它在通过一根腹腔观察仪器的套管后,会自动地打开到最大位置。另外,夹具的打开倾向性结合凹槽50、52和夹具(10)的部位52和靠近枢轴端部的形状,使夹具稳定在确定的位置上。
本发明的夹具(10)的主要优点是,如果夹具(10)没有位于手术的确定位置并且没有完全闭合时,它就会完全弹开,处于打开位置。
本发明的夹具是由可塑材料制造的,可成批生产,同时具有光滑的表面和圆角。制造夹件、弹性衬和轴销的材料要符合于所有外科手术有关于无毒性和洁净的要求,还要适合于这种生产方法。

Claims (3)

1、一种作绝育手术用的外科手术夹具(10),该夹具包括二个互相铰接在一起的夹件(12、14)以形成一个开口(56),该开口(56)可放置一个人体内的管状器官,当上述夹件闭合时可夹住该管状器官;以及一个靠近枢轴(38)的制动机构(40),其包括一个在夹件(14)上的凸起物(46)和一个在夹件(12)上的弹性指(22),上述夹件(12)在使用时与上述凸起物(46)相接触;其特征是:上述凸起物(46)是这样成型的,使得由弹性指(22)施加的接触力,在夹件(12、14)闭合的大致整个运动期间,沿着在枢轴(38)的轴线和夹件(12)中间通过的方向,作用在凸起物(46)上,以致弹性指(22)与凸起物(46)的相互作用将夹件(12、14)向打开位置偏压;凸起物(46)包括一个突变点(48),以致当弹性指(22)一旦通过突变点(48),那末弹性指(22)与凸起物(46)的相互作用阻止夹件(12、14)为打开夹具(10)而朝相互分离的方向运动。
2、按照权利要求1所述的夹具(10),其特征是:夹件(12、14)位于枢轴(38)的一侧,凸起物(46)和弹性指(22)位于枢轴(38)的另一侧。
3、按照前述任一权利要求所述的夹具(10),其特征是:凸起物(46)有一个位于与凸起物(46)上的突变点(48)相反一端的限位面(42),该限位面(42)与弹性指(22)相互作用来限制夹具(10)打开的范围。
CN88107714A 1987-11-10 1988-11-10 外科手术用夹具 Expired CN1013923B (zh)

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CN91102405A CN1054713A (zh) 1987-11-10 1988-11-10 外科手术用夹具

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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GB8726301 1987-11-10
GB8726301A GB2212201B (en) 1987-11-10 1987-11-10 Surgical clip

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CN91102405A Division CN1054713A (zh) 1987-11-10 1988-11-10 外科手术用夹具

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CN1033738A CN1033738A (zh) 1989-07-12
CN1013923B true CN1013923B (zh) 1991-09-18

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CN88107714A Expired CN1013923B (zh) 1987-11-10 1988-11-10 外科手术用夹具
CN91102405A Pending CN1054713A (zh) 1987-11-10 1988-11-10 外科手术用夹具

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US (1) US5002552A (zh)
CN (2) CN1013923B (zh)
CA (1) CA1313096C (zh)
GB (1) GB2212201B (zh)
HK (1) HK61592A (zh)
IE (1) IE883312L (zh)
SG (1) SG66692G (zh)

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GB2212201A (en) 1989-07-19
CN1054713A (zh) 1991-09-25
CN1033738A (zh) 1989-07-12
CA1313096C (en) 1993-01-26
GB2212201B (en) 1992-06-03
GB8726301D0 (en) 1987-12-16
HK61592A (en) 1992-08-28
US5002552A (en) 1991-03-26
SG66692G (en) 1992-09-04
IE883312L (en) 1989-05-10

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