CN1013918B - Breeding of chinese cabbage through genes of cell nucleus interacting and malesterile line technique - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an interaction hereditary law of a cell nucleus dominant male sterile gene Rf and a dominant epistatic male fertile gene Ms thereof, which is discovered in the natural population of Chinese cabbages '7501'. Based on whether the fertility segregation takes place in the self cross process of sterile plants in the male sterile dual-purpose lines, the male sterile dual-purpose lines are distinguished as 'type A' and 'type B', and a Chinese cabbage cell nucleus interaction male sterile line 88A and a hybrid 'F-[1]8801' thereof are bred. The 88A has stable sterility, and the sterile strain rate can reach 100%; the 88A has the advantages of good economic character, high seed setting ability and strong combining ability. The 'F-[1]8801' has the advantages of good quality, disease resistance and high yield, and the yield is increased by 30.4% by uniformly contrasting in provinces. On the basis of the interaction hereditary law, a propagation and seed production technical measure of Chinese cabbage cell nucleus gene interaction male sterile lines is put forward.

Description

Breeding of Chinese Cabbage through genes of cell nucleus interacting and malesterile line technique

The invention belongs to Chinese cabbage heterosis utilization field.

The main path of Chinese cabbage heterosis utilization is self incompatible line and male sterile two-purpose line both at home and abroad at present.

Japan begins to use self incompatible line preparing hybrid kind from the fifties initial stage, and the Japanese in recent years cabbage hybrid of breeding almost is the self incompatible line crossbreed all.Domestic, the Qingdao City institute of agricultural sciences at first adopted the self incompatible line method to breed " blue or green assorted early rich " in 1968, and after this self incompatible line becomes one of main path of domestic Chinese cabbage heterosis utilization gradually.The shortcoming of self incompatible line method, the one, hybrid purity is undesirable, and true hybrid rate can not reach 100%, two, self-reproduction difficulty, cost height.

Dual-purpose system is the Chinese cabbage heterosis utilization method of China's original creation.In in 1974 national vegetables scientific research cooperation meeting, Agricultural University Of Shenyang, the Shenyang City institute of agricultural sciences, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou City vegetables delivered " research of Chinese cabbage male sterile two-purpose line and the research report of utilizing " simultaneously, after this, male sterile two-purpose line also becomes one of main path of domestic Chinese cabbage heterosis utilization gradually.The shortcoming of male sterile two-purpose line is to have only 50% sterile plant rate, need encrypt the maternal row of field planting during the production of hybrid seeds, must pull out the educated strain that accounts for 50% strain number again before blooming thereupon.

In view of Chinese cabbage self incompatible line and male sterile two-purpose line still desirable not to the utmost, so, the national Ministry of Agriculture once organized national male sterile line of cabbage tackling key problem cooperative groups in 1978 in 1982, tackling key problem cooperative groups utilization has radish cytoplasm and the genomic male sterile line Rone of an aa transformation Chinese cabbage male sterile line from what France and the U.S. introduced, but fails to overcome the blade yellow of Rone, the degeneration of close gland and the not strong major defect of hybrid vigour all the time.After this, Heilongjiang Province's gardening had been identified " Wang Zhao carrot * Chinese cabbage " distant hybridization in 1987, the sterile breeding material of 134 Chinese cabbage cytoplasms of backcrossing and breeding, but this sterile material also still can not be used for producing because of the blade yellow.According to another " sichuan agriculture science " report (fifth phase in 1988), the Chengdu institute of agricultural sciences breeds Chinese cabbage " early the emperor is white " male sterile line, and breeds male sterile line crossbreed " 60 days early " and apply.This male sterile line adopts inter-genera distant hybridization, breeds sterile plant rate and reaches 97.56% though backcross.But sterility is still understable.

The objective of the invention is: seed selection stable sterile strain rate reaches 100% male sterile line of cabbage, and it is remarkable to make hybrid vigour, and quality better, the cabbage hybrid of neat and consistent are used for producing.

The present invention is in the process of Chinese cabbage male sterile two-purpose line that studies for a long period of time, from Chinese cabbage initial population " 7501 ", found dominant sterile gene Rf and can educate the interaction of genes rule with dominant epistasis, and the Chinese cabbage male sterile two-purpose line of breeding divided into dual-purpose system of first type and B-mode dual-purpose system, on this basis, strain cross can be educated by sterile strain and B-mode dual-purpose system by the dual-purpose system of first type, and preparation is bred the Chinese cabbage cell nucleus gene and made male sterile line 88A mutually.Make female parent with male sterile line 88A again, make male parent, make cabbage hybrid F with 8401-1-2 ₁8801, concrete seed selection, breeding, producing method for seed are as follows:

1, produces Tanaka from ten thousand spring Qing Gang Chinese cabbage and select natural sterility strain 7501, breed AB7501 through solid naturally, sisters' friendship, its sisters hand over offspring's fertility to be separation in 1: 1, can educate strain self progeny fertility does not separate, with the sterile strain AB7501 that selects is female parent, inbred line 75-11-1 is a paternal hybrid, and its offspring's fertility is separation in 1: 1, breeds the B-mode dual-purpose AB8102 of being;

2, earlier AB7501 is done female parent, 75-11-1 does paternal hybrid and obtains AB8102, in addition AB7501 is done female parent, 7802-1-1-1 does paternal hybrid and obtains 7581, again AB8102 is done female parent, 7581 do paternal hybrid, and filial generation is selfing again, its offspring's fertility is separation in 3: 1, carry out sisters' friendship again, its offspring's fertility is separation in 1: 1, corresponding male parent selfing, its offspring's fertility is separation in 3: 1, thereby breeds the dual-purpose AB158 of being of first type;

3, do female parent with the sterile strain of the dual-purpose AB158 of being of first type, can educate strain with the B-mode dual-purpose AB8102 of being and do paternal hybrid, its offspring is a male sterile plant all, makes male sterile line 88A mutually thereby breed the Chinese cabbage cell nucleus gene;

4, do female parent with male sterile line 88A, 8410-1-2 does male parent with inbred line, preparing hybrid kind F ₁8801.

Breeding and production of hybrid seeds program that the Chinese cabbage cell nucleus gene is made male sterile line mutually are as follows:

The hereditary pattern of its crossbreeding is:

Entity of the present invention is the crossbreed F that the Chinese cabbage cell nucleus gene is done male sterile line " 88A " and preparation mutually ₁8801, have following advantage:

1, sterile rate height: male sterile line 88A stamen serious degradation, the flower pesticide slight of stature is creamy white, and WUHUAFEN has 100% stable sterile strain rate, can reach 100% with its hybrid rate of crossbreed of its preparation.

2, sterile proterties is stable: identify that sterile plant rate still reaches 100% under Shenyang open country in spring, winter greenhouse and Hainan Province's Seed Propagation in Southern Winter condition, sterile proterties is stable.

3, hybrid seed yield height: the stamen of male sterile line 88A is normal fully, and solid naturally power is strong, and production of hybrid seeds per mu yield is up to 166 jin.

4, output height: F ₁8801 survey to produce through the sub-district, and than the unified contrast in Liaoning Province " white No. one of the Liao Dynasty " volume increase 30.5%, and it is good to taste mouthful property.

5, saving of labor, cost are low: the breeding of 88A is easy, needn't resemble self incompatible line breed artificial flower bud phase or chemical treatment.With 88A preparing hybrid kind, needn't resemble and encrypt the maternal row of field planting the Chinese cabbage male sterile two-purpose line and before blooming, pull out and to educate strain.Therefore, can significantly reduce seed costs.

In addition, Chinese cabbage cell nucleus gene of the present invention is made the shortcoming that male sterile line 88A has overcome Chinese cabbage self incompatible line and male sterile two-purpose line mutually, will and have mutually isogenomatic crop heterosis utilization to Chinese cabbage and produce bigger impetus.

The embodiment of the invention is as follows:

Content of the present invention comprises that the Chinese cabbage cell nucleus gene makes male sterility genetic development and sterile line breeding, breeding, production of hybrid seeds hereditary pattern, sterile line propagation technology, male sterile line cross-breeding technology mutually.

One, cell nucleus gene is made male sterility genetic development and selectively breeding hereditary pattern mutually.

(1) the simple inheritance pattern of the discovery of Chinese cabbage cell nucleus dominant sterile gene Rf and " the dual-purpose system of first type ", " B-mode dual-purpose system ".

Spring in 1976 was found 9 strain natural sterility strains from " 7501 " colony, wherein a strain is numbered AB7501-01, through solid naturally in " 7501 " colony, and then had bred dual-purpose system " AB7501 ".Fertility performance from AB7501 seed selection process recognizes that " B-mode dual-purpose system " is objective reality.See table one for details:

Table one: fertility changes in the AB7501 seed selection process

System's mating method sight is looked into the strain number and can be educated the sterile strain X of strain ²

1∶1 3∶1

Solid naturally 110 64 46 P of AB7501-01＞0.05-

AB7501-01-(01 * 1) sisters hand over 67 36 31 P＞0.05-

AB7501-01-(01 * 1)-(04 * 4) sisters hand over 362 182 180 P＞0.05-

AB7501-01-(01 * 1)-4 Selfing 96 96 0--

Annotate: () expression sisters hand over, and adds " 0 " before the numeral and represent sterile strain, do not add " 0 " person for can educate strain.

In the table one by the solid naturally colony of AB7501-01(natural sterility) the dual-purpose AB7501-01-(01 of being * 1 bred)-corresponding male parent AB7501-01-(01 * 1 of (04 * 4) (being called for short AB7501))-4

Do not isolate sterile strain, sterile plant rate is 0/96=0%, illustrates that " AB7501 " belongs to " B-mode dual-purpose system ".

Breeding " AB7501 " afterwards, once observing three half-blood (F of AB7501 ₁) the fertility separation case, these three F ₁The male parent inbred line all do not separate sterile strain.See table two for details:

Three F of table two: AB7501 ₁The fertility separation case

Combination is observed can educate the sterile strain X of strain ²Remarks

Several 1: 1 of strain

" assorted No. one of autumn " named in AB7501 * 7411-6-1-13 49 29 20 P＞0.05

" assorted No. two of autumn " named in AB7501 * 75～11-1,51 27 24 P＞0.05

Does not authorize AB7501 * 7409-4-3 58 30 28 p＞0.05

The sterile plant rate 46/110=42% of " AB7501-01 " in the table one, X ²Test meets 1: 1, and three F in the table two ₁Fertility separate and all to meet 1: 1, and its male parent all belongs to and can educate inbred line entirely, it seems that the fertility of " AB7501 " shows to be controlled by dominant male sterile gene to explain.So far, can educate gene with Ms representative nuclear dominance, the recessive sterile gene of ms representative nuclear; With Rf representative nuclear dominant sterile gene, rf representative nuclear recessiveness can be educated gene, and then the genetic mechanism of " the dual-purpose system of first type " and " B-mode dual-purpose system " is like can simply being expressed by following hereditary pattern:

The first type is dual-purpose to be hereditary pattern:

B-mode dual-purpose be hereditary pattern:

(2) among the AB7501 sterile strain to " 7501 " colony at random individual plant test cross combination fertility separation case and genetic mechanism thereof judge:

For further understanding fully the fertility inheritting mechanism of AB7501, be female parent once with sterile strain among the AB7501, to 13 strains in the initial population " 7501 " at random individual plant carried out test cross, its test cross combination fertility separation case sees table three for details:

Table three: AB7501 is to test cross combination of 7501 colonies and the performance of corresponding male parent selfing fertility

System's number observation strain number can be educated the sterile strain X of strain ²

1∶1 3∶1

AB7501×7501-6 65 53 12 - P＞0.05

7501-6 57 57 0 - -

AB7501×7501-8 49 27 22 P＞0.05 -

7501-8

72 72 0 - -

AB7501×7501-9 68 40 28 P＞0.05 -

7501-9

57 57 0 - -

AB7501×7501-10 76 56 20 - P＞0.05

7501-10 79 79 0 - -

AB7501×7501-11 77 66 11 - P＜0.05

7501-11

72 72 0 - -

AB7501×7501-13 42 22 20 P＞0.05 -

7501-13

66 66 0 - -

AB7501×7501-14 80 52 28 P＞0.05 -

7501-14 73 73 0 - -

AB7501×7501-15 75 48 27 - P＞0.05

7501-15 66 66 0 - -

AB7501×7501-17 59 51 8 - P＜0.05

7501-17 78 78 0 - -

AB7501×7501-18 65 52 13 - P＞0.05

7501-18

65 65 0 - -

AB7501×7501-19 71 57 14 - P＞0.05

7501-19

73 73 0 - -

AB7501×7501-20 76 40 36 P＞0.05 -

7501-20

70 70 0 - -

AB7501×7501-21 46 42 4 - P＜0.05

7501-21

77 77 0 - -

Table three shows, 13 of " 7501 " colony at random individual plant selfing all do not separate sterile strain, but they have all isolated sterile strain to 13 test crosses combinations of the sterile strain of AB7501, through X ²Test meets 1: 1 have 5, meets 3: 1 have 5, and what sterile strain ratio was less than normal has 3.Above-mentioned situation not only shows to have cell nucleus dominant sterile gene Rf among the AB7501, and fertility separated 1: 1,3: 1, and combination also shows and exists cell nucleus dominance can educate gene M s among the AB7501, and Ms has epistatic action to Rf, and it can suppress the expression of Rf.Do mutually under the situation at Rf and Ms, the genetic mechanism of " the dual-purpose system of first type " and " B-mode dual-purpose system " can be expressed by following hereditary pattern:

" the dual-purpose system of first type " Rf, Ms makes hereditary pattern mutually:

" B-mode dual-purpose system " Rf, Ms makes hereditary pattern mutually:

(3) with " B-mode dual-purpose system " AB8102 transformation become " the dual-purpose system of first type " material and with " B-mode dual-purpose system " in can to educate strain be test cross result.

AB8102 is " AB7501 * 75～11-1 " in the table two, and promptly " assorted No. two of autumn " Chinese cabbage is handed over " the B-mode dual-purpose system " that breeds through sisters.Transformation is new dual-purpose when being again utilizing AB8102, obtained in 1986 (AB8102 * (AB7501 * 7802-1-1-1)-)-1

, observed 143 strains, and wherein can educate strain 114 strains, sterile strain 29 strains, X in 1987 ²Test symbol 3: 1 is according to (" the first and second dual-purpose systems " Rf, Ms makes hereditary pattern mutually, judges that its sterile pnca gene type should be RfRfmsms.) make the purpose of male sterile line mutually from inquiring into cell nucleus gene, at once with (AB8102 * (AB7501 * 7802-1-1-1)-)-1 In the sterile strain of 11 strains carried out the biserial test cross for 5 individual plants can educating strain selfing system AB8102-1-7 among maternal and the AB8102 and 5 individual plants of AB8102-1-13, because the sterile strain spray deficiency that has, in fact only receive 76 test cross combinations, carried out the fertility observation in the spring in 1988, its result sees table four for details:

Find out by table four, 76 test cross combinations that the spring in 1988 observed, wherein 65 sterile plant rates reach 100%, and all the other 11 test cross combinations (※ person is arranged) are also near 100% sterile plant rate, and overall sterile plant rate is 1,957/1, and 975=99.08% can educate strain and only account for 0.92%.Possible cause has two: (1) mechanical admixture, (2) biology hybrid.

The phenotype of sterile strain was identical during 76 test crosses made up: the bud point is thin, the filigree cripetura, and the flower pesticide milky, slight of stature does not ftracture, the microscopy WUHUAFEN.Sterile strain gynoecium is grown normal, and solid naturally average every angle is set seeds 20.8.

Above situation shows, the hybrid combination of the educated strain system of the sterile strain of " the dual-purpose system of first type " and " B-mode dual-purpose system " under Chinese cabbage Rf, the Ms interaction of genes, sterile plant rate can near or reach 100%, and sterile strain is solid naturally normal, and explanation " the Chinese cabbage cell nucleus gene is made male sterile line mutually " can be used for the preparing hybrid kind as " male sterile line " and is used to produce thus.

(4) the Chinese cabbage cell nucleus gene is made male sterile line propagation and production of hybrid seeds hereditary pattern mutually

Hereditary pattern by " the dual-purpose system of first type " under above-mentioned Rf, the Ms interaction of genes and " B-mode dual-purpose system " sets out, and the fertility performance of 76 test cross combinations.The breeding of proposition " the Chinese cabbage nuclear gene is made male sterile line mutually " and the hereditary pattern of the production of hybrid seeds are as follows:

Because the Chinese cabbage product is a trophosome, so the male parent of crossbreed does not require to have restoring force in the formula.

(5) the Chinese cabbage cell nucleus gene is made the male sterility hereditary pattern mutually

Cell nucleus gene for ease of the Chinese cabbage (Brassica Pekinensis), Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis), turnip type rape vegetable crops such as (Brassica campestris) and the cole crop that utilize Rf, Ms germ plasm resource transformation chromosome set 2n=20=aa is made male sterility mutually, and tentatively proposing the Chinese cabbage cell nucleus gene, to make the male sterility hereditary pattern mutually as follows:

Cell nucleus gene is made the male sterility hereditary pattern mutually

1, genotype series:

RfRfMsMs ⁺RfrfMsMs ⁺rfrfMsMs ⁺

RfRfMsms ⁺RfrfMsms ⁺rfrfMsms ⁺

RfRfmsms ^-Rfrfmsms ^-rfrfmsms ⁺

2, RfRfmsms ^-With seven kinds can educate pnca gene type test cross hereditary pattern:

※ gets 5-8 strain selfing

※ gets 5-8 strain selfing

※ gets 5-8 strain selfing

（7）

※ gets 13-20 strain selfing 13: 3 18.75% ^(-)

1: 1 first type, 1: 1 class first type, 1: 1 B-mode, 3: 1 III-6

1: 1 B-mode, 5: 3 nearly first type, intend at 1: 1 B-mode, 100% ^(-)A

4, sterile pnca gene type test: sterile strain * rfrfmsms ⁺

The test cross combination can have two kinds of situations:

※ can distinguish the first type thus and intend the first type, and is B-mode B-mode with plan.

Two, sterile line propagation technology

(1) male sterile line 88A feature: 88A belongs to the straight barrel type Chinese cabbage, and leaf group, dark green leaf are comfortable.Reproductive growth is vigorous, and plant height can reach 1.5 meters.The stamen serious degradation, the flower pesticide slight of stature is creamy white, WUHUAFEN.Stamen is normal, and every pod can be set seeds about 25, about thousand kernel weight 4 grams.

(2) maintenance line AB8102-1 feature: plant forms is identical with 88A, but stamen is normal fully.

(3) male sterile line 88A propagation technique measure

88A is dual-purpose by the first type to be that the educated strain AB8102-1 of the sterile strain of AB158 and B-mode dual-purpose system is formulated.

1, harvesting method: adopt the spring seed collecting method of growing seedlings.

2, sowing time and condition: seed is sowed at the film cold bed, artificial monoseeding when being higher than-8 ℃ when the extraneous minimum air temperature is stable.

3, field planting condition: for strictness prevents non-purpose mating, breeding 88A should carry out at inner room.Field planting when being higher than-2 ℃ in outside air temperature is stable.

4, field planting method: line-spacing 1.5 chis, AB158 field planting spacing in the rows 0.8 chi, AB8102-1 field planting spacing in the rows 1.2 chis.AB158 is 3: 1 with the capable ratio of AB8102-1, the pavement when the AB8102-1 both sides respectively are equipped with an empty ridge as artificial supplementary pollination.

5, pull out among the AB158 and can educate strain, after AB158 is buddingged, before blooming, check bud, identify and to educate strain and pull out immediately, only stay sterile strain among the AB158, and in time give sterile strain inserted link kidnapping, prevent lodging by strain.

6, artificial pollination: behind the plant blossom, hand-held foam-plastic blocks (2-3 centimeter square) picks the sterile strain that pollen is awarded AB158 from AB8102-1 flower pesticide.

7, results: gather in the crops seed from sterile strain, i.e. the 88A seed.

Three, male sterile line cross-breeding technology

(1) harvesting method

Chinese cabbage is the low temperature long day crop, it is after seed is sprouted and in the later process of growth, require certain low temperature by vernalization stage, the long-day and suitably high temperature then could begin flower bud differentiation and change reproductive growth period over to by photostage by vegetative growth stage.According to this characteristic of growing of Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage male sterile line hybrid seeding should adopt the film cold bed spring breeding method of growing seedlings.Growing seedlings in spring, to economize seed, saving of labor, technology simple in the production of hybrid seeds, grasps general per mu yield 50-60 kilogram easily.

(2) preparation before seedbed specification and the sowing

Will get ready before the winter to the seedbed, clip air partition, by wide 1.8 meters, bed soil is turned in the thing prolongation in air partition, inserts good bamboo arch, detains film a end of month, covers mat, accomplishes fluently nutritive cube in the past on February 15 and waits for sowing.

In order to cultivate strong sprout, improve hybrid seed yield, preferably adopt nutritive cube to grow seedlings, nutrition soil composition requires not strict, and Yi Tutuo does not loose and is basic demand, generally is three parts of the horsehits of becoming thoroughly decomposed, next year the peat composed of rotten mosses is three parts, Tian Tusi part, and per hundred jin of bed soil add three liang of composite fertilizer's fine powders in addition.

The seedbed area generally with seedling stage 2 cun of standing areas square, every mu of seed farm is educated maternal 2700 seedlings, educating male parent 700 seedlings calculates, need 15.1 square metres of seedbed areas altogether, wherein female parent accounts for 12 square metres, male parent accounts for 3.1 square metres, and every mu of production of hybrid seeds needs 1.8 meters wide seedbeds (both sides, north and south are reserved 3 cun wide and do not sowed), 9.5 linear meters approximately.

(3) sowing time and method

February 15 to February 25, areas of Shenyang was sowing time, and " 88A * 8410-1-2 " broadcasts male parent earlier, then finished female parent in three days.Sowing time is too early unsuitable, also can not be late excessively.Too early sowing temperature is still low, may freeze bed as cold wave, even freezing seed, crosses the late sowing kind and then may yield poorly because of the vernalization deficiency influence flower bud differentiation, bolting evening.

When the little shed of plastic film was grown seedlings and collected seed, seedling was from being seeded into field planting about 55 days-65 days, and under the suitable situation of seedling bed temperature management, seedling can pass through vernalization stage in the seedbed naturally, after the field planting smoothly bolting bloom.

Generally supply seedbed Di Shui during sowing earlier, then small quantities of seed is poured in the little bowl, a full seed, i.e. " monoseeding " are put in each lattice central authorities of artificial hand pendulum grain." monoseeding " cost is artificial many, but needn't thinning after emerging; And " monoseeding " has and emerges neatly, be difficult for excessive growth, saves advantages such as seed.General every mu of production of hybrid seeds sowing quantity of growing seedlings, maternal 3100,800 of male parents.

(4) seedbed management

1, seedling early growth development characteristics: Chinese cabbage is the low temperature long-day plant, after sprouting, its seed can accept the growth that cold service begins vernalization stage, seedling is 0-7 ℃ by the favourable temperature of vernalization, and vernalization effect below 0 ℃ is bad on the contrary, and freeze injury danger is arranged.

With regard to temperature and photosynthesis and respiratory relation; Photosynthesis below 10 ℃, respiration are all very weak, and seedling does not grow substantially; 10-15 ℃ of photosynthesis is strengthened, and 15-22 ℃ of photosynthesis strengthens rapidly.The best temperature of photosynthesis is 20-22 ℃.Then growth of seedling is healthy and strong for the illumination abundance under this temperature, and 22-32 ℃ of photosynthesis descends, and respiration is strengthened, the easy excessive growth of seedling.

2, after the seedbed management seedling all sprouts, it is approaching to 22 ℃ to make every effort to day temperature, must guard against above 26 ℃, be strict controlled in night between 0-4 ℃, make every effort in fact neither endure cold, be no more than 7 ℃ again, when seedling grows five leaves, should see the size of seedling and apart from the fate of field planting, 7-8 sheet leaf is arranged is standard to rice shoot during with field planting, growth of seedlings speed is controlled in utilization temperature on daytime and fertilizer, water management measure.The temperature at night still will be controlled at 0-4 ℃, and with short seedling vernalization, the spray of planting strain like this is many, and it is fast and neat to branch out, favourable raising seed production and quality.

(5) the distance isolation condition of seed farm

Chinese cabbage is the cross-pollinatd plant based on the insect pollination of honeybee, because the energy of honeybee is strong, so the seed collecting field of the Chinese cabbage group of seed farm and other various seed collecting wants distance isolation more than 1000 meters, in isolated area, produce a variety of Chinese cabbage of cultivation, as finding to have bolting, must before blooming, pull out, will before blooming, all gather in the crops in case of necessity.

(6) field planting

1, the field planting time: suburb, Shenyang setting date is 15-20 day in April, and earlier by " row than " field planting male parent, the field planting female parent notes listening to weather forecast before the field planting then, when a cold wave shortly past after the field planting of promptly making the best use of time.

2, field planting row ratio: maternal more suitable with 4: 1 with male parent row ratio.

3, field planting distance between rows and hills: male sterile line of cabbage has 100% sterile plant rate, and during field planting, maternal, male parent gets final product by same seeding row spacing.

General ridge plants, line-spacing 1.7 chis, and spacing in the rows 1.2 chis, every mu needs female parent seedling 2200 strains approximately, 600 strains of male parent seedling, fertile ground is suitable rare, and unfertile land is suitable close.

4, field planting method: for guaranteeing that seedling survives and robust growth, in the field planting process, certain attention protects Tu Tuo, and avoid loosing sticks together as far as possible, the damage root system.Field planting method is, successively by apart from digging hole, surely sticks together, and waters hole water, and the envelope hole is noted not exposing also not burying lobus cardiacus by Tu Tuo during the envelope hole.

Film-mulching cultivation seeds for increasing yield effect is remarkable, general comparable outdoor cropping seeds for increasing yield 20-30%.

(7) field management

Seedbed management gets correctly, when field planting seedling has been broken up bud, buddings soon behind the slow seedling, bolting, blooms.Generally have only to blooming about 30 days from field planting, therefore, the management of this section before blooming is the comparison anxiety, also is the critical period of field management.

1, pour water: will irritate one time seedling recovering water after the field planting in three days, it is extremely important to slow seedling, tiller to pour water specifically, causes that seedling is aging the evening of pouring water easily, and tiller is poor, and side shoot is few, obviously influences hybrid seed yield.After this, not non-irrigated before buddingging do not water (blade wilting at noon is the lack of water performance).

Budding and during 2 cun left and right sides of most of bolting, in time pour water when kind of a strain major part, early flowering is had tangible effect.After pouring water specifically, starch surely, must make the soil conservation moisture state, must guard against arid, otherwise can cause the serious underproduction up to seed.Seed is starched before the back begins flavescence to kind of a pod surely, control and pour water, and does not generally not non-irrigatedly water, and will note water drainage when raining heavyly meeting, and after planting pod and beginning flavescence, high temperature, arid are the ideal conditionss that promotes maturation, do not water.

2, fertilising: one of purpose of Chinese cabbage crossing breeding is the seed output that obtains great number, except that using sufficient farmyard manure, also wants increasing the p application rate to make base fertilizer before the field planting, executes the 40-50 kilogram for general every mu.When buddingging bolting, the lobus cardiacus yellow is the fertile sign of nitrogen stress, once finding and should topdressing as early as possible.Generally chasing after 10 kilograms in urea, needn't topdress in the better plot of fertility.

During the bolting of buddingging, the boron fertilizer of root outer spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3% has tangible production-increasing function to seed, concrete grammar is: before bloom, in conjunction with laxative together, sprayed the BAS and 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of secondary 0.25% at interval in five days continuously at early squaring.

3, bee pollination: the Chinese cabbage female parent is based on the cross pollination effect of the insect pollination of honeybee, the seed farm female parent all is a male sterile plant, though WUHUAFEN, close gland is normal, thereby can attract insect gathering honey such as honeybee, teaching the sterile strain of paternal pollen through insect could be solid.Activity of insect pollinator and seed production relation are very big, and the insect pollinator deficiency is set seeds and then significantly reduced, and therefore, the pollination phase of blooming must guarantee enough insect pollinators, and general per four mu of production of hybrid seeds should be put one case honeybee in a suitable place to breed.

4, pest control: the bloom primary pest of pod bearing period of Chinese cabbage has aphid, cabbage caterpillar, diamond-back moth, beet webworm etc., strengthen the pest control of seed farm especially.

The Chinese cabbage seed farm mainly carries out hybrid seeding by insect pollination such as honeybees, and flowering stage, laxative will kill insect pollinator, therefore, avoid florescence spray chemical pesticide by every possible means.

For fear of the florescence laxative, the best way is to go and buy Chinese medicine 3-4 time continuously at above-mentioned various insect pests before blooming after field planting.This period is thorough more to various pest controls, and florescence insect quantity growth must be slow more, just can various insects be controlled on the not obvious degree that causes harm before Flowers ending.

When the seed farm female parent enters Flowers ending (flower of most plant more than 90% ends), spray medicine 2-3 time continuously, insect is controlled.

(8) results: when the kind strain has 1/2 kind pod flavescence, can cut off, 3～5 strain a piles are stacked on the spot in the field, make its after-ripening, catch the timely threshing of sunny weather then, will prevent mechanical admixture in transportation, threshing, airing, storage.Put label in the seed packet, indicate the combination title and collect seed annual.For preventing mixing of father and mother's basis, should receive female parent (hybrid seed) earlier, male parent is received in the back.

Four, crossbreed F ₁8801 culture technique main points

(1) sowing time: areas of Shenyang 26-7 in the July month 31 sowing.

(2) distance between rows and hills: line-spacing 1.7-1.8 chi, spacing in the rows 1.3-1.4 chi.

Other culture techniques are identical with common technique for cultivating celery cabbage.

Claims (1)

1. A kind of Chinese cabbage cell nucleus gene is made the method for male sterility system seed selection, breeding and the production of hybrid seeds mutually, it is characterized in that being realized by following steps:

   (1) the sterile strain AB7501 that selects from the Chinese cabbage production Tanaka of the ten thousand spring Qing Gangs is a parent, and inbred line 75～11-1 is a paternal hybrid, breeds the B-mode dual-purpose AB8102 of being;

   (2) earlier AB7501 is done female parent, 75～11-1 does paternal hybrid and obtains AB8102, in addition AB7501 is done female parent, 7802-1-1-1 does paternal hybrid and obtains 7581, again AB8102 is done female parent, and 7501 do paternal hybrid, filial generation is selfing again, thereby breeds the dual-purpose AB158 of being of first type;

   (3) do female parent with the sterile strain of the dual-purpose AB158 of being of first type, can educate strain with the B-mode dual-purpose AB8102 of being and do paternal hybrid, its offspring is a male sterile plant all, makes male sterile line 88A mutually thereby breed the Chinese cabbage cell nucleus gene,

   (4) do female parent with male sterile line 88A, 8410-1-2 does male parent with inbred line, makes crossbreed F ₁8801;