CN101390473A - 长寿花花期调控方法 - Google Patents

长寿花花期调控方法 Download PDF

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CN101390473A
CN101390473A CNA2008101523167A CN200810152316A CN101390473A CN 101390473 A CN101390473 A CN 101390473A CN A2008101523167 A CNA2008101523167 A CN A2008101523167A CN 200810152316 A CN200810152316 A CN 200810152316A CN 101390473 A CN101390473 A CN 101390473A
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CN101390473B (zh
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杨铁顺
赵亮
王宝生
吴建平
王立娟
夏慧琴
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Tianjin Dongxin International Flower Co ltd
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TIANJIN BINHAI DASUN FLOWER TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于植物栽培技术领域。长寿花花期调控方法，其特征在于：在期待开花的前40～45天开始作为促花期，促花期内每天给予光照期8小时，黑暗期16小时的短日处理，不间断的处理45天；在光照期内保持光照强度在10000～15000lux之间，在花芽开始出现时施用丁酰肼B9，最佳施用浓度为2500－5000mg/L；在观察到侧枝开始生长时，或在短日照处理开始20－30天之后喷施三环苯嘧醇；在短日照处理开始1个月后施用乙烯利，浓度为250－500mg/L，每周喷施1次，喷2次。

Description

长寿花花期调控方法
技术领域
本发明属于植物栽培技术领域；特别是花期调节技术领域。
背景技术
长寿花，又名矮生伽蓝菜、寿星花、圣诞伽蓝菜、红景天，拉丁文kalanchoeblossfeldiana，为景天科，费菜属，多年生肉质草本植物。长寿花茎直立，株高10-30cm，株幅15-30cm。全株光滑无毛。叶肉质，交互对生。长园形，叶片上半部具园齿或呈波状，下半部全缘，深绿，有光泽，边缘略带红色，花朵细密拥簇成团，整体观赏效果甚佳。圆锥状聚伞花序，直立，单株有花序6-7个，着花80-290朵，小花高脚蝶状，花瓣4枚，花色有绯红色、桃红、橙红、紫红、白，花冠长管状，基部稍膨大，花期2~5月。常见品种有卡罗琳(Caroline)，叶小，花粉红。西莫内(Simone)，大花种，花纯白色，9月开花。内撒利(Nathalie)，花橙红色。阿朱诺(Arjuno)，花深红色。米兰达(Miranda)，大叶种，花棕红色。块金(Nugget)系列，花有黄、橙、红等色。四倍体的武尔肯(Vulcan)，冬春开花，矮生种。另外还有新加坡(Singapore)。肯尼亚山(MountKenya)、萨姆巴(Sumba)、知觉(Sensation)和科罗纳多(Coronado)等流行品种。喜阳光充足，但在室内散射光的条件下也生长良好。耐干旱，对土壤要求不严，宜砂质壤土。生长适温15-25℃，30℃以上则生长迟缓。花期1-4个月。植株矮小、株型紧凑，花朵细密拥簇成团，整体观赏效果极佳。
长寿花原产非洲热带马达加斯加岛阳光充足的地区。喜光照充足，宜温暖、通风环境，耐干旱，要求具排水良好的栽培基质。长寿花生长最佳温度为18-20℃，高于27℃或低于16℃会发生花期延迟的现象。临近圣诞节日开花，拥簇成团，花色丰富，是惹人喜爱的室内盆栽花卉。长寿花是由德国人波茨坦(R.Blossfeld)自非洲南部引入欧洲。但直到20世纪30年代才在欧洲较广泛的栽培观赏。至今，世界的花卉出口大国荷兰，1995年长寿花的产值已达到3330亿美元，列盆花生产的第三位。在丹麦，盆栽长寿花已成为丹麦盆栽花卉之冠，产量与产值均列第一位。说明长寿花在盆栽花卉中占有重要的地位，并成为国际花卉市场中发展最快的盆花之一。我国栽培长寿花的时间不长，20世纪30年代引种作为多浆植物栽培，栽培数量很少，主要在大城市的公园或大学的小温室中。到90年代才从国外引种优良品种，开始在公共场所的栽植槽中摆放。
但是，为了满足不同时期长寿花的需求，在成花诱导和花芽分化时，不进行花期调控的长寿花植株，会造成不能开花，畸形花，或小花数量的减少，叶色不正常等现象。
发明内容
针对这种现象，本发明旨在提供一种长寿花花期调控方法，在满足一年当中不同季节的市场需求的同时，提高长寿花的品质。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：长寿花花期调控方法，其特征在于：在期待开花的前40~45天开始作为促花期，促花期内每天给予光照期8小时，黑暗期16小时的短日处理，不间断的处理45天；在光照期内保持光照强度在10000～15000lux之间，在花芽开始出现时施用丁酰肼B9，最佳施用浓度为2500-5000mg/L；在观察到侧枝开始生长时，或在短日照处理开始20-30天之后喷施三环苯嘧醇；在短日照处理开始1个月后施用乙烯利，浓度为250-500mg/L，每周喷施1次，喷2次。
所述的喷施丁酰肼B9，夏季每周喷施1次，秋季和春季隔10-15天喷1次，冬季隔14-21天喷一次。喷三次为止。
所述的三环苯嘧醇施用，为叶面喷施，在观察到侧枝开始生长时，或在短日照处理开始20-30天之后开始喷施。每个10厘米盆植株用浓度为50mg/L的三环苯嘧醇。喷到药液从叶面滴落为止吗。
本发明的有益效果是：我们可以根据市场的需求，能够使长寿花反季节开花，而且开花后的花型好，小花数量多，叶色纯正。
具体实施方式
对比实验：
选出健康的长寿花500盆，在长寿花促花期内，其中400盆按照本发明的方法进行花期调控处理。具体处理方式为：每天给予光照期8小时，黑暗期16小时，不间断的处理45天。如6月份开始催花，下午6点至第二天的10点为全遮黑期，其它时间为光照期，在光照期内保持光照强度在10000～15000lux之间。长寿花的植株高度影响到其质量(植株太高会导致小花数量少，不能簇拥成团，影响观赏性，一般25CM为最佳高度)。在花芽开始出现时喷施丁酰肼B9，如果喷施太迟，将会缩短花茎长度而不是叶茎长度。最佳施用浓度为2500-5000mg/L，叶面喷施。夏季每周喷施1次，秋季和春季隔10-15天喷1次，冬季隔14-21天喷一次，喷三次为止。在观察到侧枝开始生长时或在短日照处理开始20-30天之后开始喷施三环苯嘧醇，浓度为50mg/L。在短日处理开始后施用，主要缩短的是花枝的高度、而不是叶枝的高度。乙烯利在短日照处理开始1个月后施用，浓度为250-500mg/L，每周喷施1次，喷2次。喷施以喷到药液从叶面滴落为止。
另外100盆不进行短日照处理，不喷施丁酰肼B9，不施用三环苯嘧醇，不喷施乙烯利，只做例行养护作为对照。
进行花期调控的400盆长寿花，在进行花期调控处理后45天反季节开花，且开花后花型好，小花数量多，叶色纯正。
不进行花期调控的100盆天鹅绒，自然花期开花，且开花后花型不一致，小花数量少，叶色不纯正。

Claims (4)

1、长寿花花期调控方法，其特征在于：在期待开花的前40~45天开始作为促花期，促花期内每天给予光照期8小时，黑暗期16小时的短日处理，不间断的处理45天；在光照期内保持光照强度在10000～15000lux之间，在花芽开始出现时施用丁酰肼B9，最佳施用浓度为2500-5000mg/L；在观察到侧枝开始生长时，或在短日照处理开始20-30天之后喷施三环苯嘧醇；在短日照处理开始1个月后施用乙烯利，浓度为250-500mg/L。
2、根据权利要求1所述的长寿花花期调控方法，其特征在于：所述的喷施丁酰肼B9，夏季每周喷施1次，秋季和春季隔10-15天喷1次，冬季隔14-21天喷一次，喷三次为止。
3、根据权利要求1所述的长寿花花期调控方法，其特征在于：所述的三环苯嘧醇施用，为叶面喷施，在观察到侧枝开始生长时，或在短日照处理开始20-30天之后开始喷施。每个10厘米盆植株用浓度为50mg/L的三环苯嘧醇。
4、根据权利要求1所述的长寿花花期调控方法，其特征在于：所述的乙烯利施用每周喷施1次，喷2次。
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102090259A (zh) * 2010-11-29 2011-06-15 天津滨海国际花卉科技园区股份有限公司 长寿花的栽培方法
CN102124911A (zh) * 2010-11-29 2011-07-20 天津滨海国际花卉科技园区股份有限公司 一种长寿花软摘心后促进伤口愈合的方法
CN102598991A (zh) * 2012-03-29 2012-07-25 常熟市佳盛农业科技发展有限公司 一种延长薰衣草花期的方法
CN103650869A (zh) * 2013-12-05 2014-03-26 天津滨海国际花卉科技园区股份有限公司 长寿花的催花方法
CN103858687A (zh) * 2014-03-25 2014-06-18 江苏农林职业技术学院 一种利用光周期调控空气凤梨开花的方法
CN104380993A (zh) * 2014-11-18 2015-03-04 南京江之花园艺有限公司 一种长寿花催花方法
CN104920047A (zh) * 2015-06-29 2015-09-23 北京市花木有限公司 一种长寿花迷你栽培开花方法
CN105123694A (zh) * 2015-07-20 2015-12-09 国家林业局泡桐研究开发中心 一种仁用杏避晚霜的方法及避晚霜溶液及其制备方法
CN105123204A (zh) * 2015-08-27 2015-12-09 殷志杰 一种长寿花的催花方法
CN106818137A (zh) * 2016-12-31 2017-06-13 孙明宗 一种长寿花花期的调控方法

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102124911A (zh) * 2010-11-29 2011-07-20 天津滨海国际花卉科技园区股份有限公司 一种长寿花软摘心后促进伤口愈合的方法
CN102090259B (zh) * 2010-11-29 2013-08-21 天津滨海国际花卉科技园区股份有限公司 长寿花的栽培方法
CN102090259A (zh) * 2010-11-29 2011-06-15 天津滨海国际花卉科技园区股份有限公司 长寿花的栽培方法
CN102598991A (zh) * 2012-03-29 2012-07-25 常熟市佳盛农业科技发展有限公司 一种延长薰衣草花期的方法
CN102598991B (zh) * 2012-03-29 2013-04-17 常熟市佳盛农业科技发展有限公司 一种延长薰衣草花期的方法
CN103650869B (zh) * 2013-12-05 2017-04-12 天津滨海国际花卉科技园区股份有限公司 长寿花的催花方法
CN103650869A (zh) * 2013-12-05 2014-03-26 天津滨海国际花卉科技园区股份有限公司 长寿花的催花方法
CN103858687A (zh) * 2014-03-25 2014-06-18 江苏农林职业技术学院 一种利用光周期调控空气凤梨开花的方法
CN104380993A (zh) * 2014-11-18 2015-03-04 南京江之花园艺有限公司 一种长寿花催花方法
CN104920047A (zh) * 2015-06-29 2015-09-23 北京市花木有限公司 一种长寿花迷你栽培开花方法
CN105123694A (zh) * 2015-07-20 2015-12-09 国家林业局泡桐研究开发中心 一种仁用杏避晚霜的方法及避晚霜溶液及其制备方法
CN105123204A (zh) * 2015-08-27 2015-12-09 殷志杰 一种长寿花的催花方法
CN106818137A (zh) * 2016-12-31 2017-06-13 孙明宗 一种长寿花花期的调控方法

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