CN101389834B - 具有星形堵头扰流器的排气后处理装置 - Google Patents

具有星形堵头扰流器的排气后处理装置 Download PDF

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CN101389834B
CN101389834B CN2006800533917A CN200680053391A CN101389834B CN 101389834 B CN101389834 B CN 101389834B CN 2006800533917 A CN2006800533917 A CN 2006800533917A CN 200680053391 A CN200680053391 A CN 200680053391A CN 101389834 B CN101389834 B CN 101389834B
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托马斯·L·麦金利
伦道夫·G·佐兰
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/25—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an ammonia generator
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/08—Surface coverings for corrosion prevention
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/14—Surface coverings for dehydrating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F01N2610/102—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance after addition to exhaust gases, e.g. by a passively or actively heated surface in the exhaust conduit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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Abstract

一种排气后处理装置，其有扰流器，该扰流器由带有穿孔的星形堵头下游端部的管所提供。

Description

具有星形堵头扰流器的排气后处理装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于内燃机排气的后处理装置，具体地涉及化学物(chemical species)喷射混合。
背景技术
为了解决发动机排放的有关问题，不断地有新标准提出，以便实质地降低包括NOx和颗粒物排放在内的不同排放。日益严苛的标准需要在发动机排放系统中安装后处理装置。一些后处理技术需要向排放系统中喷射某些化学物。例如，向一些活性稀NOx系统中喷射HC或燃料，并且喷射诸如铈、铁等的添加剂，用于柴油机微粒的过滤再生，并且向选择性的催化还原(SCR)系统中喷射尿素溶液，以减少NOx。这些喷射的化学物需要在到达催化器或者过滤器之前很好地与排气混合以使系统正常运行。
本发明是在对于上述排气后处理装置的持续不断的研发工作期间被提出的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种排气后处理装置，包括：外壳，其具有用于接收排气的上游进气口以及用于排出所述排气的下游出气口；后处理元件，其设置在所述外壳中，用于处理所述排气；喷射器，其设置在所述外壳中并位于所述后处理元件的上游，该喷射器喷射化学物，所述化学物在到达所述后处理元件之前与所述排气混合；扰流器，其设置在所述外壳中位于所述喷射器和所述后处理元件之间，所述扰流器包括管，该管带有穿孔的星形堵头下游端部，其中：所述外壳和所述管沿轴线同轴延伸；所述外壳包括上游外壳区域和后处理元件外壳区域，所述的两个区域相接于接合处；所述喷射器具有位于所述上游外壳区域中的喷射端，且所述喷射端位于所述接合处的上游；所述后处理元件处在所述后处理外壳区域中；所述管具有上游部分、中间部分以及下游部分；所述管的所述上游部分提供所述上游外壳区域；所述管的所述中间部分轴向延伸至所述后处理外壳区域并在所述上游外壳区域和后处理外壳区域的所述接合处进入所述后处理外壳区域；所述后处理外壳区域有侧壁，所述侧壁通过其与所述管的所述中间部分和所述下游部分之间的环形缝隙而与所述管的所述中间部分和所述下游部分向外径向隔开；所述管的所述下游部分提供所述穿孔的星形堵头下游端部；所述管的所述下游部分通过其与所述上游外壳区域和后处理外壳区域的所述接合处之间的所述管的所述中间部分而与所述上游外壳区域和后处理外壳区域的所述接合处轴向隔开。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的排气的后处理装置的示意性侧剖视图。
图2是图1的一部分的透视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了一种排气后处理装置10，其包括外壳12，该外壳具有用于接收发动机排气的上游进气口14(如箭头16所示)，该外壳还具有用于排放排气的下游出气口18(如箭头20所示)。在所述外壳中还带有后处理元件22，用于处理排气，该后处理元件22例如是选择性的催化还原(SCR)催化器和/或氧化催化器(例如，柴油氧化催化器，DOC)和/或微粒过滤器(PF)。在所述外壳中带有喷射器24，用于如箭头26所示地喷射化学物，该化学物在到达后处理元件22之前与排气混合。例如，在一个实施例中，从储罐或罐28中喷射尿素水溶液。在所述外壳中提供有扰流器30，该扰流器30位于喷射器24和后处理元件22之间。所述扰流器由带有穿孔的星形堵头下游端部34的管32所提供。排气和化学物通过所述管的穿孔36，如箭头38所示。星形堵头排气消声管(muffler tube)是公知的，例如，美国专利4,872,528和6,540,046，通过参考方式将所述美国专利并入这里，并且因此可以适于易于获得的模具来形成星形堵头端部34。外壳12和管32沿轴线40同轴延伸。管32的穿孔的星形堵头下游端部34具有沿下游方向指向末端42的圆锥形轮廓，该末端42具有从末端42径向延伸的多个星形尖端，例如图2中的43、44、45、46。星形堵头典型地提供了四个星形尖端，并且在本实施例中这样的堵头是优选的。
所述外壳具有上游外壳区域48和后处理外壳区域50，两个区域在接合处52相接。所述后处理外壳区域可以包括在后处理元件22的上游轴向端部和下游轴向端部之间的分离结合处58处相接的子段54和56，这样的安排便于使用、清洁以及替换后处理元件22。喷射器24在上游外壳区域48中。后处理元件22在后处理外壳区域50中。管32具有上游部分60、中间部分62以及下游部分64。上游部分60提供了所述的上游外壳区域48。中间部分62轴向延伸至后处理外壳区域50并在接合处52的位置进入其中。后处理外壳区域50具有侧壁66，该侧壁66通过其与中间部分62和下游部分64之间的环形缝隙而与中间部分62和下游部分64向外径向隔开。下游部分64提供所述的穿孔的星形堵头下游端部。下游部分64通过其与所述上游外壳区域和后处理外壳区域的接合处52之间的所述管的中间部分62而与所述上游外壳区域和后处理外壳区域的接合处52轴向隔开。喷射器24位于所述上游段60中，并位于接合处52的上游。上游部分60和中间部分62具有相同直径，该直径小于所述后处理外壳区域的侧壁66的直径。
众所周知，被喷射的化学物经历凝固和聚结。在进一步的实施例中，提供了加热器，用于加热包括穿孔的星形堵头下游端部34的管32，以减少所述的凝固和聚结，并增强被喷射的化学物的汽化。在一个实施例中，通过利用电导体对72，74而连接到所述管的电压源70来提供这样的加热源，美国专利6,722,123中示出了与此相当的情况，该美国专利通过引用方式并入这里。
所述喷射器被示为J形管状构件24，其轴向地喷射液体，如箭头26所示。也可以使用其他类型的喷射器。在一种替代中，利用径向而非轴向定位并指引流体的出口或喷口来使用J形扰流器构件。在另一种替代中，所述喷口的喷射被设置成穿过管32的壁，例如，贯通所述管壁的孔，如虚线76所示的，并且其具有宽范围的可能喷射角度，且没有例如24的内部管。在另一个实施例中，可以使用多个喷管24或类似的。其他喷射器和喷口设计也是可以的。
在另一个替代中，包括星形堵头下游端部34的扰流器30被涂覆，用于防腐蚀和/或进行催化反应的目的。当使用不锈钢制作扰流器30时，发现尿素沉积可以引起这样的不锈钢材料的腐蚀。催化涂层78可以用于提高水解反应，用于分解尿素，使其水解为氨和二氧化碳，还可以用于使氨在进入催化器之前变成横过流动前端的分布均匀。因此可以期望在所述扰流器上具有催化涂层，以提供均匀的氨分布或进入催化器的化学物的其他浓度。因此，这样的涂层可以用于改进可靠性和性能表现。
可以预见，在所附权利要求的范围内，各种等价替换，替代或者修改都是可以的。

Claims (6)

1.一种排气后处理装置，包括：
外壳，其具有用于接收排气的上游进气口以及用于排出所述排气的下游出气口；
后处理元件，其设置在所述外壳中，用于处理所述排气；
喷射器，其设置在所述外壳中并位于所述后处理元件的上游，该喷射器喷射化学物，所述化学物在到达所述后处理元件之前与所述排气混合；
扰流器，其设置在所述外壳中位于所述喷射器和所述后处理元件之间，所述扰流器包括管，该管带有穿孔的星形堵头下游端部，其中：
所述外壳和所述管沿轴线同轴延伸；
所述外壳包括上游外壳区域和后处理元件外壳区域，所述的两个区域相接于接合处；
所述喷射器具有位于所述上游外壳区域中的喷射端，且所述喷射端位于所述接合处的上游；
所述后处理元件处在所述后处理外壳区域中；
所述管具有上游部分、中间部分以及下游部分；
所述管的所述上游部分提供所述上游外壳区域；
所述管的所述中间部分轴向延伸至所述后处理外壳区域并在所述上游外壳区域和后处理外壳区域的所述接合处进入所述后处理外壳区域；
所述后处理外壳区域有侧壁，所述侧壁通过其与所述管的所述中间部分和所述下游部分之间的环形缝隙而与所述管的所述中间部分和所述下游部分向外径向隔开；
所述管的所述下游部分提供所述穿孔的星形堵头下游端部；
所述管的所述下游部分通过其与所述上游外壳区域和后处理外壳区域的所述接合处之间的所述管的所述中间部分而与所述上游外壳区域和后处理外壳区域的所述接合处轴向隔开。
2.如权利要求1所述的排气后处理装置，其中所述管的所述上游部分和中间部分具有相同直径，该直径小于所述后处理外壳区域的所述侧壁的直径。
3.如权利要求1所述的排气后处理装置，其中所述喷射器包括位于所述管内的管状构件。
4.如权利要求3所述的排气后处理装置，其中所述管状构件具有J形状。
5.如权利要求1所述的排气后处理装置，其中所述喷射器包括一个或多个贯通所述外壳的孔。
6.如权利要求1所述的排气后处理装置，包括催化涂层，该催化涂层位于包括所述穿孔的星形堵头下游端部的所述扰流器上。
CN2006800533917A 2006-02-23 2006-11-03 具有星形堵头扰流器的排气后处理装置 Active CN101389834B (zh)

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US11/360,941 US7328572B2 (en) 2006-02-23 2006-02-23 Exhaust aftertreatment device with star-plugged turbulator
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PCT/US2006/042948 WO2007102854A1 (en) 2006-02-23 2006-11-03 Exhaust aftertreatment device with star-plugged turbulator

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US7328572B2 (en) 2008-02-12
DE112006003726B4 (de) 2016-07-28
WO2007102854A1 (en) 2007-09-13
DE112006003726T5 (de) 2009-01-02
BRPI0620998A2 (pt) 2011-11-29
CN101389834A (zh) 2009-03-18
US20070193252A1 (en) 2007-08-23

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