CN101371097A - Tube bundle heat exchanger - Google Patents

Tube bundle heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101371097A
CN101371097A CNA2007800028679A CN200780002867A CN101371097A CN 101371097 A CN101371097 A CN 101371097A CN A2007800028679 A CNA2007800028679 A CN A2007800028679A CN 200780002867 A CN200780002867 A CN 200780002867A CN 101371097 A CN101371097 A CN 101371097A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
tube
pipe
transition piece
tube sheet
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CNA2007800028679A
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Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN101371097B (en
Inventor
J·耶克勒
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aohua Technology Co ltd
Arvos GmbH
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Alstom Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication of CN101371097A publication Critical patent/CN101371097A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN101371097B publication Critical patent/CN101371097B/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/106—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/003—Multiple wall conduits, e.g. for leak detection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/006—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements with variable shape, e.g. with modified tube ends, with different geometrical features
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/18—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
    • F28F9/182—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding the heat-exchange conduits having ends with a particular shape, e.g. deformed; the heat-exchange conduits or end plates having supplementary joining means, e.g. abutments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/18—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
    • F28F9/185—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding with additional preformed parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/06—Fastening; Joining by welding
    • F28F2275/067—Fastening; Joining by welding by laser welding

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a tube bundle heat exchanger having tubes (2) which are held at each side in tube plates (3, 4) or oval-tube collecting-tube plates (5, 6) and are connected to these in each case by means of a weld seam (7), wherein the connection of the tubes (2) to the inlet-side tube plate (3) or oval-tube collecting-tube plate (5) is formed in each case by means of a conical and/or trumpet-shaped transition piece (10) whose cross section reduces as viewed in the gas flow direction in such a way that the inlet-side end (16), as viewed in the gas flow direction, of the transition piece (10) is connected in the manner of a butt joint to the tube plate (3) or oval-tube collecting-tube plate (5), and the inner and outer contours (11, 12) of the transition piece (10) and of the welded connection region (13) are formed without gaps and corners to the tube plate (3) or oval-tube collecting-tube plate (5) and so as to be straight and/or with a radius (R), measured from the outer contour (12), of at least 5 mm.

Description

Tube bundle heat exchanger
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tube bundle heat exchanger, have a plurality of pipes, described pipe is connected with described tube sheet or elliptical tube-collection tube sheet by means of weld seam in both sides remain on tube sheet or elliptical tube-collection tube sheet and respectively, this tube bundle heat exchanger is used for cooling off the thermal current that guides by pipe by the cooling medium that surrounds pipe, comprise: at least one gas input cavity, from the gas input cavity thermal air current is imported in each single pipe, and the gas input cavity limits at the tube sheet or the elliptical tube-collection tube sheet of a side by entrance side; And at least one gas output cavity, in described gas output cavity, collect and export the air-flow and the described gas output cavity of leading and limit at a side tube sheet or elliptical tube-collection tube sheet by outlet side by pipe.
Background technology
In order to cool off for example gas in vaporising device, thermal cracking and catalyst cracker, the water vapour reforming hydrogen manufacturing equipment etc. of many method and technology equipment, usually use particularly tube bundle heat exchanger of heat exchanger, gas to be cooled therein flows by straight tube and the latent heat of hot-air is disposed to the medium cooling medium particularly that surrounds pipe via tube wall.This heat exchanger is characterised in that gas to be cooled is under high pressure and the high temperature usually and at full speed enters in the straight tube of heat exchanger.Reach high heat flow density thus on the pipe entrance side or first pipeline section, its pipe or tube sheet-pipe junction at heat exchanger causes high temperature and high thermal stress.
The pipe of guiding gas is solded in the tube sheet in according to the heat exchanger of prior art, wherein the weld seam between tube sheet and the pipe or be placed in the outer wall of tube sheet or inwall on or in the inside of tube sheet opening.Document DE 37 15 713 C2 for example have being welded to connect of a tube-to-tube sheet connection or elliptical tube-collection tube sheet.
The shortcoming of this known solutions is, from pipe to tube sheet or the profile or the surface in the face of gas of the transition position of elliptical tube-collection tube sheet do not have accurate aerodynamic shape.Use the sleeve that inserts usually for a plurality of different reasons, promptly dwindle the cross section and the cooling of insufficient sleeve of gas side, do not expect.Can have a gap in the cooling medium side that tube sheet-pipe connects in addition, it causes aqueous corrosion, and perhaps tube sheet-pipe connection may have a bight, and the stress that occurs therein not expecting is concentrated.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, provide a kind of tube bundle heat exchanger, the element of wherein avoiding above-mentioned shortcoming or transition position to have a profile that helps flowing and do not have interference at cooling medium side and gas side at gas side from tube sheet or elliptical tube-collection tube sheet to pipe.
Above-mentioned purpose realizes by the feature of the characteristic of claim 1.In this this scheme regulation, pipe and the tube sheet of entrance side or being connected of elliptical tube-collection tube sheet respectively by means of a conical or flaring transition piece formation, its cross section is seen on airflow direction and is dwindled, make and see that at airflow direction end and the tube sheet of entrance side of transition piece or elliptical tube-collection tube sheet are connected in the mode of butt joint, and transition piece and transition piece and tube sheet or elliptical tube-collection tube sheet be welded to connect regional inside and exterior contour seamlessly and do not have corner angle ground and constitute and/or constitute a radius that is equal to or greater than 5mm of measuring from exterior contour as the crow flies.
Favourable improvement of the present invention provides in the dependent claims.
Provide a kind of tube bundle heat exchanger by the solution of the present invention, it has following advantage:
By edge or the gap of avoiding on the link position between pipe and tube sheet or the elliptical tube-collection tube sheet, stretching out, avoid the vortex of gas or cooling medium on the one hand and eliminate corrosion in addition on the one hand.
Constitute aerodynamically from tube sheet or elliptical tube-collection tube sheet to the transition position of pipe, thereby gas entering in pipe farthest do not have eddy current ground and realizes and can eliminate temperature peak in the entrance area.
The length L ü of transition piece is that 1.5 times of interior diameter di of heat exchanger tube and/or transition piece are 1.2 times of interior diameter di of heat exchanger tube at least at the interior diameter Di of its inlet at least in favourable structure, so that obtain from tube sheet or elliptical tube-collection tube sheet to the dynamic (dynamical) transition of the optimal air of corresponding heat exchanger tube.
Advantageously, transition piece is seen the mechanically expansion of end place of entrance side at pipe along airflow direction.Only be formed on the parts (pipe) by this measure transition piece, and the course of work that is used to make transition piece of the present invention can be simplified and shorten.
In a favourable structure of the present invention, transition piece is made of an independent pipe fitting and transition piece is seeing that along airflow direction the end that is positioned at outlet side is connected by the mode of weld seam with butt joint with pipe.Even by using the independent pipe fitting can be significantly simplifiedly and make the very complicated transition piece (for example a plurality of different knuckle radius) of shape cheaply.Advantageously, inside that is welded to connect the zone between transition piece and pipe and exterior contour be seamlessly and do not have corner angle ground and constitute and/or constitute a radius that is equal to or greater than 5mm of measuring from exterior contour as the crow flies in structure of the present invention.Obtain the dynamic (dynamical) shape of optimal air by this measure at the transition position of gas in pipe.
In particularly advantageous mode, the inside that is welded to connect the zone of transition piece and transition piece and tube sheet or elliptical tube-collection tube sheet and exterior contour are seamlessly and do not have corner angle ground and constitute and/or constitute a radius that is equal to or greater than 2mm of measuring from exterior contour as the crow flies.
In an advantageous manner, the pipe fitting as transition piece constitutes forging.
Description of drawings
Next by means of accompanying drawing and description detailed embodiments of the invention.Wherein:
The longitudinal sectional view of Fig. 1 tube bundle heat exchanger;
Fig. 2 is according to the detailed section view of the transition position from tube sheet to pipe of the details " A " of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 such as Fig. 2, however be another embodiment;
Fig. 4 such as Fig. 2, however be another embodiment;
Fig. 5 elliptical tube-collection tube sheet is to the detailed section view of the transition position of pipe.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates the longitudinal sectional view of tube bundle heat exchanger 1.This tube bundle heat exchanger 1 for example needs in vaporising device, thermal cracking and catalyst cracker, the water vapour reforming hydrogen manufacturing equipment etc. at many method and technology equipment, makes process gas or waste gas etc. in these equipment.Tube bundle heat exchanger 1 is generally used for cooling off above-mentioned hot gas 18, it is imported into by unshowned pipeline in the gas input cavity 8 of tube bundle heat exchanger 1 and passes the pipe 2 of a plurality of straight lines from the gas input cavity, and then in the gas output cavity 9 of tube bundle heat exchanger 1, be collected and by means of unshowned pipeline by tube bundle heat exchanger 1 output.Pipe 2 be arranged on this distance ground of separating each other respectively between two tube sheets 3,4 or elliptical tube-the collections tube sheet 5,6 and with they regularly and airtightly (welding ground usually) is connected, by the indirect heat exchange of cooling medium 9 realizations of these pipes and encirclement pipe 2.
For the thermal stress that will be in hot-air 18 enters corresponding heat exchanger tube 2 from gas input cavity 8 porch occurs in 16 places, end of the entrance side of seeing the tube sheet 3,5 that is positioned at entrance side and pipe 2 along airflow direction keeps as far as possible little, according to the present invention, being connected respectively of the tube sheet 3 (seeing Fig. 2 to 4) of pipe 2 and entrance side or elliptical tube-collection tube sheet 5 (see figure 5)s constitutes by means of a conical or flaring transition piece 10, and the cross section of this transition piece is seen gradually on airflow direction (arrow) and dwindled.See on this external airflow direction that end 16 and the tube sheet 3 of entrance side of transition piece 10 or elliptical tube-collection tube sheet 5 are connected in the mode of butt joint, and transition piece 10 and transition piece and tube sheet 3 or elliptical tube-collections tube sheet 5 be welded to connect regional 13 inside and exterior contour 11,12 seamlessly and do not have corner angle ground and constitute as the crow flies and/or constitute a radius that is at least 5mm from exterior contour 12 measurements.
This means, crossover position from tube sheet 3 or elliptical tube-collection tube sheet 5 to pipe 2 of the present invention provides an aerodynamic profile 11,12 in a side that contacts gas of pipe 2, transition piece 10 and tube sheet 3 or elliptical tube-collection tube sheet 5 and a side of contact cooling medium, and it does not have the transition of gap, seamed edge or dihedral in any position.All transition are included in and are welded to connect the zone 13 interior on inside and the exterior contour 11,12, according to the present invention or as the crow flies or plane earth constitute and/or be provided with a radius.
According to Fig. 2 and 5, transition piece 10 is ends 16 of for example mechanical expansion of pipe 2.Only have a weld seam 7 in this constitutes between pipe 2 and tube sheet 3 or 5, it constitutes and is welded to connect regional 13 between pipe 2 and tube sheet 3 or 5.Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 have a transition piece 10, and it is made of an independent pipe fitting 15 and is more prone to usually makes, because pipe fitting 15 is with respect to whole pipe fitting 2 much shorters and therefore processing more easily.For head connecting tube 15 see the end 17 that is positioned at outlet side along airflow direction, need an other weld seam 22, it constitutes and is welded to connect zone 14 between pipe 2 and the pipe fitting 15.This be welded to connect zone 14 on in-profile 11 and exterior contour 12 advantageously as the crow flies or plane earth constitute, and/or constitute a radius, promptly be welded to connect 14 no gaps, zone and do not have corner angle ground formation.
The radius R 1 that on the end 16 of its entrance side, for example has a 5mm according to the transition piece 10 of Fig. 2 to 5 with respect to the exterior contour 12 of transition piece 10.According to Fig. 2,3 and 5, be adjacent one and other for example be the radius R 2 of 60mm, and in transition piece 10, be a conical portion that dwindles after first radius R 1 according to Fig. 4, this dwindles after the portion in abutting connection with being for example radius of 20mm.In-profile 11 according to the transition piece 10 of Fig. 2 and 5 has corresponding radius, and it goes out the wall thickness s of transition piece 10 greatly.The wall thickness t of tube sheet 3,5 does not correspond to the wall thickness s of pipe 2, and the crossover position between two wall thickness s and t is being welded to connect regional 13 internal condition the present invention or as the crow flies or plane earth and/or constitute a radius.Can utilize transition piece 10 compensation that constitute pipe fitting 15 according to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 with respect to the wall thickness t of the wall thickness s of pipe 2 tube sheet 3,5 devious, wherein suitable at the wall thickness t and the s of the corresponding wall thickness at the pipe end place of pipe fitting 15 and tube sheet 3,5 and pipe 2.Promptly see, reduce continuously or increase to wall thickness s at pipe fitting 15 inner wall thickness t at airflow direction.Pipe fitting 15 can advantageously constitute forging at this.
The length L ü of transition piece 10 advantageously manages 1.5 times of 2 interior diameter di, and transition piece 10 is directly at the interior diameter Di of the porch that enters transition piece 10 1.2 times of interior diameter di of pipe 2 advantageously.
Replace a flaring transition piece 10, Fig. 4 illustrates for example conical transition piece 10, and it also is made of an independent pipe fitting 15.Be connected with tube sheet 3 and pipe 2 by two weld seams 7,22 at this pipe fitting 15.
Fig. 5 illustrates has two- tube sub 2,21 tube bundle heat exchanger 1, wherein circulates in the cross section of the annular of cooling medium 19 between interior pipe 2 and outer tube 21.Cancelled otherwise the shell body 23 of (as shown in Figure 1) heat exchange of needing by the outer tube 21 of guided 19.Cooling medium 19 is fed in the space between shell body 23 and tube sheet 3,5 and 4,6 and from this space output in the heat exchanger 1 shown in Figure 1, and realizes input and output according to Fig. 5 cooling medium 19 by means of elliptical tube-gatherer.Transition piece 10 of the present invention is connected with elliptical tube-collection tube sheet 5 in this case.
Can make water as cooling medium 19, it is by heat importation or evaporation fully.
List of numerals
1 tube bundle heat exchanger
2 pipes
3 tube sheets, entrance side
4 tube sheets, outlet side
5 elliptical tubes-collection tube sheet, entrance side
6 elliptical tubes-collection tube sheet, outlet side
7 weld seams
8 gas input cavities
9 gas output cavities
10 transition pieces
11 in-profiles
12 exterior contours
13 are welded to connect the zone
14 are welded to connect the zone
15 pipe fittings
The end of 16 transition pieces or pipe entrance side
The end of the outlet side of 17 transition pieces or pipe fitting
18 gases
19 cooling mediums
20 elliptical tubes-gatherer
21 outer tubes
22 weld seams
23 shell bodies

Claims (8)

1. tube bundle heat exchanger, have a plurality of pipes (2), described pipe remains on tube sheet (3 in both sides, 4) or elliptical tube-collection tube sheet (5,6) in and be connected with described tube sheet or elliptical tube-collection tube sheet by means of weld seam (7) respectively, this tube bundle heat exchanger is used for passing through by cooling medium (19) cooling of surrounding pipe (2) thermal current (18) of pipe (2) guiding, comprise: at least one gas input cavity (18), from the gas input cavity thermal air current (18) is imported in each single pipe (2), and the gas input cavity limits at the tube sheet (3) or the elliptical tube-collection tube sheet (5) of a side by entrance side; And at least one gas output cavity (9), in described gas output cavity, collect and export the air-flow (18) and the described gas output cavity of leading and limit at a side tube sheet (4) or elliptical tube-collection tube sheet (6) by outlet side by pipe (2),
It is characterized in that being connected respectively of the tube sheet (3) of pipe (2) and entrance side or elliptical tube-collection tube sheet (5) constitutes by means of a conical and/or flaring transition piece (10), the cross section of described transition piece is seen on airflow direction and is reduced;
Being connected of transition piece (10) in end (16) that airflow direction is seen entrance side and tube sheet (3) or elliptical tube-collection tube sheet (5) mode with butt joint, and
The in-profile that is welded to connect zone (13) (11) of transition piece (10) and transition piece and tube sheet (3) or elliptical tube-collection tube sheet (5) and exterior contour (12) are seamlessly and do not have corner angle ground and constitute as the crow flies and/or constitute a radius that is at least 5mm (R) of measuring from exterior contour (12).
2. tube bundle heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the length of transition piece (10) (L ü) is 1.5 times of interior diameter (di) of pipe (2) at least.
3. tube bundle heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, sees that on airflow direction transition piece (10) is 1.2 times of interior diameter (di) of pipe (2) at least at the interior diameter (Di) of its inlet.
4. tube bundle heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, transition piece (10) is by seeing that along airflow direction the mechanical expansion located the end (16) of entrance side constitutes at pipe (2).
5. tube bundle heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that transition piece (10) sees that at airflow direction the end (17) of outlet side is connected by the mode of weld seam (22) with butt joint with pipe (2) by an independent pipe fitting (15) formation and transition piece (10).
6. tube bundle heat exchanger as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that inside that is welded to connect zone (14) between transition piece (10) and pipe (2) and exterior contour (11,12) are seamlessly and do not have corner angle ground and constitute as the crow flies and/or constitute a radius that is at least 5mm (R) of measuring from exterior contour (12).
7. as one of above-mentioned claim described tube bundle heat exchanger, it is characterized in that, transition piece (10) and transition piece and tube sheet (3) or elliptical tube-collection tube sheet (5) and with the inside that is welded to connect zone (13,14) of pipe (2) and exterior contour (11,12) seamlessly and do not have corner angle ground and constitute as the crow flies and/or constitute a radius that is at least 2mm (R) of measuring from exterior contour (12).
8. as one of above-mentioned claim described tube bundle heat exchanger, it is characterized in that pipe fitting (15) constitutes forging.
CN2007800028679A 2006-01-23 2007-01-19 Tube bundle heat exchanger Active CN101371097B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006003317.5 2006-01-23
DE102006003317A DE102006003317B4 (en) 2006-01-23 2006-01-23 Tube bundle heat exchanger
PCT/DE2007/000089 WO2007082515A1 (en) 2006-01-23 2007-01-19 Tube bundle heat exchanger

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN101371097A true CN101371097A (en) 2009-02-18
CN101371097B CN101371097B (en) 2011-10-05

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Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (2) US9534850B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1979699B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2009524004A (en)
CN (1) CN101371097B (en)
AT (1) ATE427470T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2007207217B2 (en)
DE (2) DE102006003317B4 (en)
DK (1) DK1979699T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2324500T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2007082515A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200806306B (en)

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