CN101359841A - Charging machine - Google Patents
Charging machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN101359841A CN101359841A CNA2007100444445A CN200710044444A CN101359841A CN 101359841 A CN101359841 A CN 101359841A CN A2007100444445 A CNA2007100444445 A CN A2007100444445A CN 200710044444 A CN200710044444 A CN 200710044444A CN 101359841 A CN101359841 A CN 101359841A
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- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 61
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 70
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- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
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- 230000019635 sulfation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
Disclosed is a charging machine including a main charging circuit and a charging control circuit, the main charging circuit comprises a filter circuit, a rectifier filter circuit, a pulse bleeder circuit, a half-bridge inversion circuit, a drive control circuit and a high frequency rectifier charging circuit, the charging control circuit comprises a power supply circuit, a voltage stabilizing circuit, a self-recycle circuit, a current detecting circuit, a voltage detecting circuit and a temperature detecting circuit, and the charging control circuit also comprises a control display circuit and a pulse modulation switching power supply integrating control circuit. The charging machine can effectively release the sulfation phenomenon of a battery plate by controlling a single chip microcomputer in the control display circuit to adopt multi-stage pulse type charging method, fives stages including constant current, constant voltage, floating charge I, average charge and floating charge II. Each stage in process outputs different duty cycle pulsing signal through the control of single chip microcomputer and then a half-bridge power tube is controlled to reach intermittent pulse current charge and depolarization effect.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the intelligent charge technical field, be particularly suitable for the intelligent charging machine of the lead acid battery charge on various electric motor cars, electri forklift and other the various motor vehicles.
Background technology:
Lead acid accumulator is owing to its low cost of manufacture, big, cheap having obtained of capacity are used widely.Electric motor car, electri forklift and other various motor vehicles generally use the lead acid accumulator series battery, and charger adopts constant current, constant voltage and little three stage of electric current floating charge charging modes more.Because the big electric current of electromobile battery group, deep discharge, the operating characteristic that recycles use common charger can bring a large amount of battery pole plates salinization and phenomenon of losing water, have shortened the useful life of battery pack; In the later stage in life-span, also can cause part battery pack second stage not change to the phase III, cause the charge in batteries thermal runaway and cause distortion, damage.
Summary of the invention:
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is for avoiding above-mentioned existing in prior technology weak point, a kind of intelligent charging machine that carries out intelligent work with Switching Power Supply and single-chip microcomputer is provided, this charging function is accurately controlled the electric current and the voltage of battery charging, by interim pulse current boost charge, by temperature control and charging interval control full charge tankage, reduce the pole plate salinization and the phenomenon of losing water of battery pack, repair battery functi on, prevent that batteries charging is out of control, prolong the service life of battery pack.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Charger, comprise main charging circuit and charging control circuit composition, described main charging circuit comprises filter circuit, current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, the pulse bleeder circuit, half-bridge inversion circuit, Drive and Control Circuit, the high-frequency rectification charging circuit, described charging control circuit comprises power circuit, voltage stabilizing circuit, the self-loopa circuit, current monitoring circuit, electric voltage observation circuit, temperature observation circuit, it is characterized in that, described charging control circuit also comprises control display circuit and sampling switch power supply integral control circuit, and described control display circuit is connected to be subjected to the output of voltage stabilizing circuit with sampling switch power supply integral control circuit; The sampling end of described current monitoring circuit and electric voltage observation circuit inserts in the main charging circuit, to gather charging current and charging voltage, the signal input part of described control display circuit of the output termination of described current monitoring circuit and electric voltage observation circuit and sampling switch power supply integral control circuit, the signal input part of the described control display circuit of output termination of described temperature observation circuit, the control signal output ends of described control display circuit connects the signal input end of sampling switch power supply integral control circuit, the drive end of described sampling switch power supply integral control circuit makes half-bridge inversion circuit realize the batch (-type) pulse current charge to the pulse signal of Drive and Control Circuit output different duty.
Charger of the present invention adopts multistage pulse charging mode by the single-chip microcomputer of control in the display circuit, divides constant current, constant voltage, floating charge I, all fills, five stages of floating charge II.In each stage in the process, all by Single-chip Controlling, the pulse signal of output different duty, and then control half-bridge power pipe to reach pulse (batch (-type)) charging, make storage battery be in a kind of artificial pulsation charged state, to reach unpolarizing.Phase I is adopted the constant current quick charge, along with battery tension raises, reduces charging current according to the program calculated value; Second stage adopts the constant voltage mode to charge, and changes constant voltage charging method after electric current reduces to the value of setting over to, satisfies the maximum current ability to accept of storage battery.The phase III starting impulse is safeguarded charge mode, carries out floating charge I, all fills, floating charge II, thereby can effectively alleviate the sulfation phenomenon of accumulator plate.
The present invention adopts temperature observation circuit and single-chip microcomputer in charging process storage battery to be carried out temperature monitoring control, can avoid the thermal runaway phenomenon of battery charge.When charging process other occurs when unusual, carry out overheat protector by temperature observation circuit, under different ambient temperatures, regulate constant pressure point automatically in addition.Satisfy the charging requirement of storage battery to a greater extent.
In the present invention, described current rectifying and wave filtering circuit comprises rectifier bridge heap, piezo-resistance R1, R2, R3, R4, resistance R 5, R6, electrochemical capacitor C5, C6, the two ends of piezo-resistance R1 are connected in the input of rectifier bridge heap, connect the end of piezo-resistance R2 at the output plus terminal of rectifier bridge heap, the output negative terminal connects the end of piezo-resistance R4, the other end of piezo-resistance R2 and R4 constitutes the output of whole current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, at the other end of piezo-resistance R2 and the R4 piezo-resistance R3 that connects again.
The piezo-resistance that adopts above-mentioned current rectifying and wave filtering circuit can effectively suppress the surge in the line voltage, has guaranteed the safety of whole charger and storage battery.
In the present invention, described pulse bleeder circuit is made of resistance R 5, R6, electrochemical capacitor C5, C6, resistance R 5 and electrochemical capacitor C5 parallel circuits that constitutes and the parallel circuits that resistance R 6 and electrochemical capacitor C6 the constitute output of the described current rectifying and wave filtering circuit of series circuit two terminations of formation of connecting again wherein, the public connecting end of two parallel circuitss is the dividing point of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit.
In the present invention, half-bridge inversion circuit comprises half-bridge power pipe Q1, Q2, high-frequency inversion transformer Tr1, filter capacitor C8, C9, C10, resistance R 14, R15, half-bridge power pipe Q1, the grid of Q2 is connected with the output of described Drive and Control Circuit, and driven by Drive and Control Circuit, the drain electrode of half-bridge power pipe Q1 connects the output plus terminal of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, the source electrode of half-bridge power pipe Q1 is connected with the drain electrode of half-bridge power pipe Q2 and is connected with an end of the accumulation of energy winding of the output of Drive and Control Circuit and high-frequency inversion transformer Tr1, the source electrode of half-bridge power pipe Q2 connects the output negative terminal of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, be connected between the drain electrode and source electrode of half-bridge power pipe Q1 after filter capacitor C8 and resistance R 14 series connection, be connected between the drain electrode and source electrode of half-bridge power pipe Q2 after filter capacitor C9 and resistance R 15 series connection, the other end of accumulation of energy winding is connected in the dividing point of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit by filter capacitor C10.
In the present invention, described Drive and Control Circuit comprises isolating transformer B2, resistance R 8-R13, diode D1, D2, triode BG1, BG2, the first utmost point of isolating transformer B2 connects sampling switch power supply integral control circuit, its primary side has two groups of windings, be respectively first winding and second winding, the end of a terminating resistor R8 of first winding wherein, the end of other end connecting resistance R9 and the negative pole of diode D1, the collector electrode of another termination triode BG1 of resistance R 8, the base stage of another termination triode BG1 of resistance R 9, the positive pole of diode D1 connects the emitter of triode BG1, the collector electrode of triode BG1 also is connected with the grid of half-bridge power pipe Q1 in the half-bridge inversion circuit, the emitter of triode BG1 also is connected with the source electrode of half-bridge power pipe Q1 and the drain electrode of half-bridge power pipe Q2, is connected resistance R 12 with emitter at the collector electrode of triode BG1; The end of one terminating resistor R10 of second winding, the end of other end connecting resistance R11 and the negative pole of diode D2, the collector electrode of another termination triode BG2 of resistance R 10, the base stage of another termination triode BG2 of resistance R 11, the positive pole of diode D2 connects the emitter of triode BG2, the collector electrode of triode BG2 also is connected with the grid of half-bridge power pipe Q2 in the half-bridge inversion circuit, the emitter of triode BG1 also is connected with the source electrode of half-bridge power pipe Q2, is connected resistance R 13 with emitter at the collector electrode of triode BG1.
In the present invention, the high-frequency rectification charging circuit comprises diode D4, D5, resistance R 16, R17, R18, R19, capacitor C 12, C13, C15, C16, electrochemical capacitor C14, inductance L 1, voltage sampling regulator potentiometer W1, flow restricter BX2, the output winding of the high-frequency inversion transformer Tr1 of half-bridge inversion circuit is divided into first tap, second tap and centre tap, centre tap ground connection, first tap connects the positive pole of the diode D4 in the high-frequency rectification charging circuit and an end of resistance R 16, one end of another termination capacitor C 12 of resistance R 16, second tap connects the positive pole of the diode D5 in the high-frequency rectification charging circuit and an end of resistance R 17, one end of another termination capacitor C 13 of resistance R 17, capacitor C 12, the other end of C13 and diode D4, D5 anodal and connect after connect the input of inductance L 1, between the output of inductance L 1 and ground, be parallel with resistance R 18 and voltage sampling regulator potentiometer W1 series arm, electrochemical capacitor C14 and resistance R 19; The output of inductance L 1 also is connected with the input of flow restricter BX2, the positive pole of the output termination storage battery of flow restricter BX2, the minus earth of storage battery also is parallel with the series arm that is made of capacitor C 15, C16 between the positive and negative electrode of storage battery, the public connecting end ground connection of capacitor C 15, C16; Voltage sampling regulator potentiometer W1 slip termination sampling switch power supply integral control circuit and control display circuit.
In the present invention, the power circuit of charging control circuit comprises transformer B3, full-bridge rectification filter circuit, the first utmost point of the transformer B3 voltage that gets access to grid, output connects full-bridge rectification filter circuit input, the input of the output termination voltage stabilizing circuit of full-bridge rectification filter circuit.
Self-loopa circuit of the present invention comprises that the clamper on the high-frequency inversion transformer Tr1 that is arranged at half-bridge inversion circuit feeds back winding, diode D7, resistance R 34, the tap that described clamper feeds back winding connects full-bridge rectification filter circuit output negative terminal, another tap connects the positive pole of diode D7, and the negative pole of diode D7 connects the full-bridge rectification filter circuit output plus terminal by resistance R 34.This self-loopa circuit takes out a feedback voltage and is superimposed on the full-bridge rectification filter circuit direct voltage from half-bridge inversion circuit.
Voltage stabilizing circuit of the present invention comprises a Voltage stabilizing module 7815, filter capacitor C22,21, the input termination full-bridge rectification filter circuit output of Voltage stabilizing module 7815, and filter capacitor C22,21 is connected in parallel on the output of Voltage stabilizing module 7815.
Current monitoring circuit of the present invention comprises a current sample instrument transformer X, diode D6, D8, resistance R 31, R32, R33, capacitor C 20, current sampling regulator potentiometer W2, overcurrent CONTROLLED POTENTIAL device W3, current sample instrument transformer X one end ground connection, the positive pole of another terminating diode D6 and an end of resistance R 33, the end of negative pole connecting resistance R31, the R32 of diode D6 and an end of capacitor C 20 and control display circuit; Capacitor C 20 connects voltage stabilizing circuit output negative terminal; The other end of resistance R 32 is connected with current sampling regulator potentiometer W2, another termination voltage stabilizing circuit output negative terminal of current sampling regulator potentiometer W2, the adjusting termination sampling switch power supply integral control circuit of current sampling regulator potentiometer W2; An another termination control display circuit of resistance R 31 and the end of overcurrent CONTROLLED POTENTIAL device W3, another termination voltage stabilizing circuit output negative terminal of overcurrent CONTROLLED POTENTIAL device W3, the adjusting termination sampling switch power supply integral control circuit of overcurrent CONTROLLED POTENTIAL device W3; Diode D8 is connected between the adjustable side and voltage stabilizing circuit output negative terminal of overcurrent CONTROLLED POTENTIAL device W3.
In the present invention, described electric voltage observation circuit comprises voltage sampling regulator potentiometer W1, the divider resistance R21 that is arranged in the high-frequency rectification charging circuit, after the adjusting head sampling of voltage sampling regulator potentiometer W1, be divided into two-way, one the tunnel advances to control display circuit, and sampling switch power supply integral control circuit is advanced by divider resistance R21 in another road.
In the present invention, sampling switch power supply integral control circuit comprises PWM-type Switching Power Supply integrated manipulator SG3524, capacitor C 7, C17, C18, C19, resistance R 7, R22-R30, triode BG3, BG4, voltage stabilizing didoe DW1, isolating transformer B2 in the Drive and Control Circuit is elementary to have first tap, second tap and centre tap, be connected in first tap and second tap of isolating transformer B2 after capacitor C 7 and resistance R 7 series connection, centre tap connects the output plus terminal of voltage stabilizing circuit; The collector electrode of triode BG3 connects second tap of isolating transformer B2, the collector electrode of triode BG4 connects first tap of isolating transformer B2, resistance R 30 is connected in parallel on the base stage and emitter of triode BG3, resistance R 29 is connected in parallel on the base stage and emitter of triode BG4, the emitter of the emitter of triode BG3 and triode BG4 links together and is connected the output negative terminal of voltage stabilizing circuit by resistance R 28, the base stage of triode BG3 connects 11 pin of PWM-type Switching Power Supply integrated manipulator SG3524, the base stage of triode BG4 connects 14 pin of PWM-type Switching Power Supply integrated manipulator SG3524,1 pin of PWM-type Switching Power Supply integrated manipulator SG3524 connects electric voltage observation circuit, 2 pin connect the control display circuit, 15 pin connect the output plus terminal of voltage stabilizing circuit, 12,13 pin are respectively by resistance R 25, R27 connects the output plus terminal of voltage stabilizing circuit, 16 pin connect 2 pin by resistance R 22,7 pin connect the output negative terminal of voltage stabilizing circuit by capacitor C 17,5 pin and 8 pin and connect after directly connect the output negative terminal of voltage stabilizing circuit, 6 pin connect the output negative terminal of voltage stabilizing circuit by resistance R 23, and 4 pin connect current monitoring circuit; After 18 series connection of resistance R 26 and capacitor C are in parallel with capacitor C 19 again, 9 pin of a termination PWM-type Switching Power Supply integrated manipulator SG3524, the output negative terminal of another termination voltage stabilizing circuit; The end of the 10 pin connecting resistance R24 of PWM-type Switching Power Supply integrated manipulator SG3524 and the positive pole of voltage stabilizing didoe DW1, the output negative terminal of another termination voltage stabilizing circuit of resistance R 24, the negative pole of voltage stabilizing didoe DW1 connects current monitoring circuit.
In the present invention, the control display circuit comprises single chip computer AT 2051, the 1 pin connecting resistance R35 of single chip computer AT 2051 and the public connecting end of capacitor C 29, resistance R 35 other end ground connection, another termination VCC of capacitor C 29,2 pin jointing temp observation circuits, 3 pin are by a charging timing circuit TEST ground connection, be parallel with crystal oscillator Y1 between 4 pin and 5 pin and pass through capacitor C 28 and C29 ground connection respectively, 7 pin connect 4 pin of optocoupler GD5,2 pin of optocoupler GD5 and 3 pin ground connection, the end of the 1 pin connecting resistance R54 of optocoupler GD5,7 pin of another termination comparison amplifier U3B of resistance R 54,8 pin of comparison amplifier U3B connect+the 15V power supply, the 4 pin ground connection of comparison amplifier U3B; The end of the 6 pin connecting resistance R52 of comparison amplifier U3B, the other end connecting resistance R50 of resistance R 52, the public connecting end of R51, another termination VCC of resistance R 50, the other end ground connection of resistance R 51, another termination electric voltage observation circuit of resistance R 53; 8 pin of single chip computer AT 2051 connect 2 pin of optocoupler GD3, the 3 pin ground connection of optocoupler GD3, and 1 pin of optocoupler GD3 meets VCC by resistance R 43, and 4 pin of optocoupler GD3 connect the constant voltage control point of charger; 9 pin of single chip computer AT 2051 connect 4 pin of optocoupler GD4,2 pin of optocoupler GD4 and 3 pin ground connection, the end of the 1 pin connecting resistance R49 of optocoupler GD4,1 pin of another termination operational amplifier U3A of resistance R 49, the end of the 2 pin connecting resistance R47 of operational amplifier U3A, the other end connecting resistance R46 of resistance R 47, the public connecting end of R55, another termination VCC of resistance R 46, the end of the other end connecting resistance R56 of resistance R 55, the other end ground connection of resistance R 56, another termination current monitoring circuit of resistance R 48; 11 pin of single chip computer AT 2051 connect 2 pin of optocoupler GD2, the 3 pin ground connection of optocoupler GD2, and 1 pin of optocoupler GD2 meets VCC by resistance R 41, and 4 pin of optocoupler GD2 connect the constant voltage control point of charger by resistance R 41; 14 pin of single chip computer AT 2051 connect 2 pin of optocoupler GD1, the 3 pin ground connection of optocoupler GD1, and 1 pin of optocoupler GD1 meets VCC by resistance R 39, and 4 pin of optocoupler GD1 connect the constant voltage control point of charger by resistance R 6; 15 pin of single chip computer AT 2051 are by a built-in little button AN ground connection; By the negative pole of resistance R 38, R37, R36 sending and receiving optical diode LED3, LED2, LED1, the positive pole of LED 3, LED2, LED1 meets VCC to 17,18,19 pin of single chip computer AT 2051 respectively; 20 pin of single chip computer AT 2051 meet VCC, voltage VCC obtains by a voltage stabilizing circuit, this voltage stabilizing circuit comprises integrated Voltage stabilizing module U1 and capacitor C 25, C26, C27, C28, input termination+15V of integrated Voltage stabilizing module U1, be output as VCC, capacitor C 25, C26 are connected in parallel on the input and earth terminal of integrated Voltage stabilizing module U1, and capacitor C 27, C28 are connected in parallel on the output and earth terminal of step-down module U1.
In the present invention, can also on the resistance R 31 of the current monitoring circuit of charger, be parallel with a charging current regulating circuit, this charging current regulating circuit comprises a by-pass cock SW1, resistance R 44, R45,3,4 pin of the termination by-pass cock SW1 of resistance R 44, R45, the other end of resistance R 44, R45 also connects, the side of this charging current regulating circuit by-pass cock SW1 is the electric current control point that reduces by half, and parallel connection one side of resistance R 44, R45 is that electric current is selected the control point.
Adopt above-mentioned control display circuit, the different operating period of charger is carried out corresponding demonstration, show each charging stage of charger and fault intuitively by LED, economical and practical.
The present invention also has the charging of reparation and initial charge function.By repairing that charging can activate outmoded battery or the bad battery shelved for a long time etc.For new battery, user's initial charge voluntarily easily.During operation,, touch built-in little button,, make charger enter corresponding charged state according to the asynchronism(-nization) of pressing (2S is for repairing charging, and 10S is initial charge) by 2MM aperture on the panel.Like this, promptly made things convenient for the user, can prevent that again the people from being misoperation.
Description of drawings:
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the electric theory diagram of charger of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory schematic diagram of charger of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the principle schematic of the control display circuit of charger of the present invention.
Embodiment:
For technological means, creation characteristic that the present invention is realized, reach purpose and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with concrete diagram, further set forth the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, charger, comprise main charging circuit and charging control circuit composition, described main charging circuit comprises filter circuit 1, current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 2, pulse bleeder circuit, half-bridge inversion circuit 3, Drive and Control Circuit 4, high-frequency rectification charging circuit 5, and described charging control circuit comprises power circuit 6, voltage stabilizing circuit 8, self-loopa circuit 7, current monitoring circuit 9, electric voltage observation circuit 10, temperature observation circuit 11, control display circuit 13 and sampling switch power supply integral control circuit 12.
After the line voltage 220V of 1 pair of input charger of filter circuit or 110V carry out filtering, send into current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 2 and carry out rectification; Current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 2 carries out rectifying and wave-filtering by rectifier bridge to the alternating voltage 220V of filter circuit 1 input or 110V and becomes the 300V direct voltage, as the operating voltage of half-bridge inversion circuit 3; And the 150V direct voltage of the dividing point of pulse bleeder circuit output is given high frequency transformer Tr1 power supply.The direct voltage of 3 pairs of current rectifying and wave filtering circuits of half-bridge inversion circuit, 2 inputs carries out the push-pull type variation, carry out the PWM modulation by Drive and Control Circuit 4 and drive high-frequency impulse, elementary input as high frequency transformer, export by high-frequency rectification charging circuit 5 by secondary again, the storage battery E that inserts is charged;
In charging process, control display circuit 13 and sampling switch power supply integral control circuit 12 rely on voltage stabilizing circuit 8 power supplies; The sampling end of current monitoring circuit 9 and electric voltage observation circuit 10 inserts in the main charging circuit, to gather charging current and charging voltage signal.The temperature signal that charging current of gathering and charging voltage signal detect with temperature observation circuit 11 is input in control display circuit 13 and the sampling switch power supply integral control circuit 12, control display circuit 13 is by the pulse signal of sampling switch power supply integral control circuit 12 output different duty, make half-bridge inversion circuit realize the batch (-type) pulse current charge, make storage battery be in a kind of artificial pulsation charged state, to reach unpolarizing.
Referring to Fig. 2, transformer B1 primary side in the filter circuit 1 is an input, by the fuse BX1 voltage 220V that gets access to grid, at a transformer B1 primary side filter capacitor C1 in parallel, primary side is an output, is parallel with the series arm of filter capacitor C2 and filter capacitor C3, C4 formation in this side.
The input of the rectifier bridge heap of the output termination current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 2 of filter circuit 1 is at the input of a rectifier bridge heap piezo-resistance R1 in parallel, to absorb the surge voltage that line voltage 220V carries secretly, to protect whole charger.Output at the rectifier bridge heap respectively is in series with piezo-resistance R2, R4, the other end of piezo-resistance R2, R4 constitutes the output of whole current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 2, connect another piezo-resistance R3 between the other end of piezo-resistance R2, R4, piezo-resistance R2, R4 can limit surge current.The direct voltage of rectifier bridge heap output 300V gives half-bridge inversion circuit 3 power supplies.
Half-bridge inversion circuit receives the isolation of Drive and Control Circuit 4 through isolating transformer B2 by half-bridge power pipe Q1, Q2, triode BG1, BG2 take turns drive signal, realize conducting in turn, in turn the half-bridge power pipe Q1 of conducting, the input that Q2 is arranged on high-frequency inversion transformer Tr1, an end of the input accumulation of energy winding of high-frequency inversion transformer Tr1 also connects the dividing point of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 2 by capacitor C 10.
The drive signal that the isolating transformer B2 of Drive and Control Circuit 4 comes out is amplified drive signal through the complementary symmetrical power amplification circuit that is made of triode BG1 and diode D1.The effect of diode D1, D2 is to add a very little positive bias on the emitter of triode BG1, BG2, to eliminate the problem of drive signal intermodulation distortion.
The pulse duration of Drive and Control Circuit 4 needed pwm signals can be adjusted, and concrete the adjustment is to be undertaken by the software of the sampling switch power supply integral control circuit in the charging control circuit 12 with control display circuit 13.
Diode D4, D5 in the high-frequency rectification charging circuit 5 of the output setting of high-frequency inversion transformer Tr1 carry out rectification to charging signals, rectified signal through inductance L 1 and capacitor C 14, C15, C16 filtering after as the charging signals of storage battery E.
The elementary voltage 220V that gets access to grid of the transformer B2 of the power circuit 6 of charging control circuit, the secondary input that connects the full bridge rectifier that is made of diode D15, D16, D17, D18 is parallel with capacitor C 23, C24 at the output of full bridge rectifier.Output at full bridge rectifier also is connected with self-loopa circuit 7.The clamper of this self-loopa circuit 7 feeds back winding and is arranged on the high-frequency inversion transformer Tr1, its number of turn is more than the accumulation of energy winding, the end of the same name that clamper feeds back winding is opposite and identical with the end of the same name of output winding with the end of the same name of accumulation of energy winding, clamper feeds back the output negative terminal of winding one termination power circuit 6, the positive pole of another terminating diode D7, the negative level of diode D7 connects the output plus terminal of power circuit 6 by a resistance R 35.Like this, when output winding and storage battery E disengaging, clamper feeds back winding and by diode D7 energy is returned to charging control circuit, thereby circuit is maintained the operating state of energy self-loopa.
The blower fan of whole charger is powered by the blower fan winding on the high-frequency inversion transformer Tr1 and diode D3, capacitor C 11.
The direct voltage of power circuit 6 outputs is given sampling switch power supply integral control circuit 12,13 power supplies of control display circuit after voltage stabilizing circuit 7 voltage stabilizings.
The charging current that current sample instrument transformer X in the current monitoring circuit 9 takes out is after capacitor C 20 filtering and resistance R 32 dividing potential drops, by handling in the current sampling regulator potentiometer W2 sampling back access control display circuit.
W3 can prevent the charger overcurrent by overcurrent CONTROLLED POTENTIAL device; in case over-current phenomenon avoidance occurs; overcurrent CONTROLLED POTENTIAL device W3 will obtain the current signal of overcurrent, be sent to sampling switch power supply integral control circuit 12 and will handle, so that whole charger is carried out overcurrent protection.The effect of diode D8 mainly is to prevent that the electric current of overcurrent is excessive, with protection sampling switch power supply integral control circuit 12 and whole charger.
As storage battery E voltage sample circuit, send in sampling switch power supply integral control circuit 12 and the control display circuit 13 by the sampled signal of its output with voltage sampling regulator potentiometer W1 for electric voltage observation circuit 10.
Referring to Fig. 3, voltage stabilizing circuit 8 output 15V voltages, use for sampling switch power supply integral control circuit 12 and control display circuit 13, the voltage stabilizing circuit that 15V voltage constitutes by integrated Voltage stabilizing module U1 and capacitor C 1, C2, C3, C4 produces 5V voltage VCC and uses for single chip computer AT 2051.
The charging current signal that current monitoring circuit 9 takes out amplifies back output by the sampling current amplifying circuit that is made of operational amplifier U3A, and the sampling amplifying signal of sampling current amplifying circuit output inserts A/D conversion I/O mouth 9 pin of single chip computer AT 2051.The charging voltage signal that electric voltage observation circuit 10 takes out amplifies back output by the sampling voltage amplifying circuit that is made of comparison amplifier U3B, and the sampling amplifying signal of sampling voltage amplifying circuit output inserts A/D conversion I/O mouth 7 pin of single chip computer AT 2051.If it is low that comparison amplifier U3B is output as, turn-off the drive signal of sampling switch power supply integral control circuit 12 by single chip computer AT 2051.Output pwm signal on 12,13 pin of single chip computer AT 2051.
Insert a charging timing circuit TEST at 3 pin of single chip computer AT 2051, and to set the drive signal that the single chip computer AT 2051 corresponding I/O mouths output high level of charging interval when reaching turn-off sampling switch power supply integral control circuits 12.
The voltage signal that single chip computer AT 2051 is sent into current monitoring circuit 9, electric voltage observation circuit 10, temperature observation circuit 11 carries out differentiating after the A/D conversion, and the high frequency PMW signal that produces by 12 pairs of Drive and Control Circuit of sampling switch power supply integral control circuit 4 carries out pulse duration control.Charging current is after current monitoring circuit 9 samplings, after amplifying, send single chip computer AT 2051 to carry out the A/D conversion, the voltage of storage battery E send single chip computer AT 2051 to carry out the A/D conversion after amplifying after electric voltage observation circuit 10 samplings, and conversion value is carried out discriminating processing in program.Single chip computer AT 2051 pairs of charging currents, voltages limit.When cell voltage and charging circuit reach set point, carry out the charge mode conversion.
Single chip computer AT 2051 is undertaken delivering to after the A/D conversion by the voltage signal on the thermistor R22 in the temperature observation circuit and is judged in the program that temperature has no abnormal; when storage battery E and charger temperature surpass set point; reduce charge power, restriction temperature rise, the work safety of protection charger.
What 2051 couples of storage battery E of single chip computer AT finished once charging carries out timing controlled total time, avoids thermal runaway phenomenon.Charging current reduces along with the increase that charges into accumulator electric-quantity, single chip computer AT 2051 monitors after charging current is reduced to the value of setting, make sampling switch power supply integral control circuit 12 discontinuous operations by changing drive signal, charging to storage battery changes the current impulse boost charge, and this working method carried out timing, E does functional maintenance to storage battery.
More than show and described basic principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that describes in the foregoing description and the specification just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (12)
1, charger, comprise main charging circuit and charging control circuit composition, described main charging circuit comprises filter circuit, current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, the pulse bleeder circuit, half-bridge inversion circuit, Drive and Control Circuit, the high-frequency rectification charging circuit, described charging control circuit comprises power circuit, voltage stabilizing circuit, the self-loopa circuit, current monitoring circuit, electric voltage observation circuit, temperature observation circuit, it is characterized in that, described charging control circuit also comprises control display circuit and sampling switch power supply integral control circuit, and described control display circuit is connected to be subjected to the output of voltage stabilizing circuit with sampling switch power supply integral control circuit; The sampling end of described current monitoring circuit and electric voltage observation circuit inserts in the main charging circuit, to gather charging current and charging voltage, the signal input part of described control display circuit of the output termination of described current monitoring circuit and electric voltage observation circuit and sampling switch power supply integral control circuit, the signal input part of the described control display circuit of output termination of described temperature observation circuit, the control signal output ends of described control display circuit connects the signal input end of sampling switch power supply integral control circuit, the drive end of described sampling switch power supply integral control circuit makes half-bridge inversion circuit realize the batch (-type) pulse current charge to the pulse signal of Drive and Control Circuit output different duty.
2, charger according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described current rectifying and wave filtering circuit comprises rectifier bridge heap, piezo-resistance R1, R2, R3, R4, resistance R 5, R6, electrochemical capacitor C5, C6, the two ends of piezo-resistance R1 are connected in the input of rectifier bridge heap, connect the end of piezo-resistance R2 at the output plus terminal of rectifier bridge heap, the output negative terminal connects the end of piezo-resistance R4, the other end of piezo-resistance R2 and R4 constitutes the output of whole current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, at the other end of piezo-resistance R2 and the R4 piezo-resistance R3 that connects again.
3, charger according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described pulse bleeder circuit is made of resistance R 5, R6, electrochemical capacitor C5, C6, resistance R 5 and electrochemical capacitor C5 parallel circuits that constitutes and the parallel circuits that resistance R 6 and electrochemical capacitor C6 the constitute output of the described current rectifying and wave filtering circuit of series circuit two terminations of formation of connecting again wherein, the public connecting end of two parallel circuitss is the dividing point of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit.
4, charger according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described half-bridge inversion circuit comprises half-bridge power pipe Q1, Q2, high-frequency inversion transformer Tr1, filter capacitor C8, C9, C10, resistance R 14, R15, half-bridge power pipe Q1, the grid of Q2 is connected with the output of described Drive and Control Circuit, and driven by Drive and Control Circuit, the drain electrode of half-bridge power pipe Q1 connects the output plus terminal of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, the source electrode of half-bridge power pipe Q1 is connected with the drain electrode of half-bridge power pipe Q2 and is connected with an end of the accumulation of energy winding of the output of Drive and Control Circuit and high-frequency inversion transformer Tr1, the source electrode of half-bridge power pipe Q2 connects the output negative terminal of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, be connected between the drain electrode and source electrode of half-bridge power pipe Q1 after filter capacitor C8 and resistance R 14 series connection, be connected between the drain electrode and source electrode of half-bridge power pipe Q2 after filter capacitor C9 and resistance R 15 series connection, the other end of accumulation of energy winding is connected in the dividing point of described pulse bleeder circuit by filter capacitor C10.
5, charger according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described Drive and Control Circuit comprises isolating transformer B2, resistance R 8-R13, diode D1, D2, triode BG1, BG2, the first utmost point of isolating transformer B2 connects sampling switch power supply integral control circuit, its primary side has two groups of windings, be respectively first winding and second winding, the end of a terminating resistor R8 of first winding wherein, the end of other end connecting resistance R9 and the negative pole of diode D1, the collector electrode of another termination triode BG1 of resistance R 8, the base stage of another termination triode BG1 of resistance R 9, the positive pole of diode D1 connects the emitter of triode BG1, the collector electrode of triode BG1 also is connected with the grid of half-bridge power pipe Q1 in the half-bridge inversion circuit, and the emitter of triode BG1 also is connected with the source electrode of half-bridge power pipe Q1 and the drain electrode of half-bridge power pipe Q2, is connected resistance R 12 with emitter at the collector electrode of triode BG1; The end of one terminating resistor R10 of second winding, the end of other end connecting resistance R11 and the negative pole of diode D2, the collector electrode of another termination triode BG2 of resistance R 10, the base stage of another termination triode BG2 of resistance R 11, the positive pole of diode D2 connects the emitter of triode BG2, the collector electrode of triode BG2 also is connected with the grid of half-bridge power pipe Q2 in the half-bridge inversion circuit, the emitter of triode BG1 also is connected with the source electrode of half-bridge power pipe Q2, is connected resistance R 13 with emitter at the collector electrode of triode BG1.
6, charger according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described high-frequency rectification charging circuit comprises diode D4, D5, resistance R 16, R17, R18, R19, capacitor C 12, C13, C15, C16, electrochemical capacitor C14, inductance L 1, voltage sampling regulator potentiometer W1, flow restricter BX2, the output winding of the high-frequency inversion transformer Tr1 of half-bridge inversion circuit is divided into first tap, second tap and centre tap, centre tap ground connection, first tap connects the positive pole of the diode D4 in the high-frequency rectification charging circuit and an end of resistance R 16, one end of another termination capacitor C 12 of resistance R 16, second tap connects the positive pole of the diode D5 in the high-frequency rectification charging circuit and an end of resistance R 17, one end of another termination capacitor C 13 of resistance R 17, capacitor C 12, the other end of C13 and diode D4, D5 anodal and connect after connect the input of inductance L 1, between the output of inductance L 1 and ground, be parallel with resistance R 18 and voltage sampling regulator potentiometer W1 series arm, electrochemical capacitor C14 and resistance R 19; The output of inductance L 1 also is connected with the input of flow restricter BX2, the positive pole of the output termination storage battery of flow restricter BX2, the minus earth of storage battery also is parallel with the series arm that is made of capacitor C 15, C16 between the positive and negative electrode of storage battery, the public connecting end ground connection of capacitor C 15, C16; Voltage sampling regulator potentiometer W1 slip termination sampling switch power supply integral control circuit and control display circuit.
7, charger according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the self-loopa circuit comprises that the clamper on the high-frequency inversion transformer Tr1 that is arranged at half-bridge inversion circuit feeds back winding, diode D7, resistance R 34, the tap that described clamper feeds back winding connects voltage stabilizing circuit input negative terminal, another tap connects the positive pole of diode D7, and the negative pole of diode D7 connects voltage stabilizing circuit input anode by resistance R 34.
8, charger according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, current monitoring circuit comprises a current sample instrument transformer X, diode D6, D8, resistance R 31, R32, R33, capacitor C 20, current sampling regulator potentiometer W2, overcurrent CONTROLLED POTENTIAL device W3, current sample instrument transformer X one end ground connection, the positive pole of another terminating diode D6 and an end of resistance R 33, the end of negative pole connecting resistance R31, the R32 of diode D6 and an end of capacitor C 20 and control display circuit; Capacitor C 20 connects voltage stabilizing circuit output negative terminal; The other end of resistance R 32 is connected with current sampling regulator potentiometer W2, another termination voltage stabilizing circuit output negative terminal of current sampling regulator potentiometer W2, the signal input part of the adjusting termination sampling switch power supply integral control circuit of current sampling regulator potentiometer W2; An another termination control display circuit of resistance R 31 and the end of overcurrent CONTROLLED POTENTIAL device W3, another termination voltage stabilizing circuit output negative terminal of overcurrent CONTROLLED POTENTIAL device W3, the signal input part of the adjusting termination sampling switch power supply integral control circuit of overcurrent CONTROLLED POTENTIAL device W3; Diode D8 is connected between the adjustable side and voltage stabilizing circuit output negative terminal of overcurrent CONTROLLED POTENTIAL device W3.
9, charger according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described electric voltage observation circuit comprises voltage sampling regulator potentiometer W1, the divider resistance R21 that is arranged in the high-frequency rectification charging circuit, after the adjusting head sampling of voltage sampling regulator potentiometer W1, be divided into two-way, one the tunnel advances to control display circuit, and sampling switch power supply integral control circuit is advanced by divider resistance R21 in another road.
10, charger according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, sampling switch power supply integral control circuit comprises PWM-type Switching Power Supply integrated manipulator SG3524, capacitor C 7, C17, C18, C19, resistance R 7, R22-R30, triode BG3, BG4, voltage stabilizing didoe DW1, isolating transformer B2 in the Drive and Control Circuit is elementary to have first tap, second tap and centre tap, be connected in first tap and second tap of isolating transformer B2 after capacitor C 7 and resistance R 7 series connection, centre tap connects the output plus terminal of voltage stabilizing circuit; The collector electrode of triode BG3 connects second tap of isolating transformer B2, the collector electrode of triode BG4 connects first tap of isolating transformer B2, resistance R 30 is connected in parallel on the base stage and emitter of triode BG3, resistance R 29 is connected in parallel on the base stage and emitter of triode BG4, the emitter of the emitter of triode BG3 and triode BG4 links together and is connected the output negative terminal of voltage stabilizing circuit by resistance R 28, the base stage of triode BG3 connects 11 pin of PWM-type Switching Power Supply integrated manipulator SG3524, the base stage of triode BG4 connects 14 pin of PWM-type Switching Power Supply integrated manipulator SG3524,1 pin of PWM-type Switching Power Supply integrated manipulator SG3524 connects electric voltage observation circuit, 2 pin connect the control display circuit, 15 pin connect the output plus terminal of voltage stabilizing circuit, 12,13 pin are respectively by resistance R 25, R27 connects the output plus terminal of voltage stabilizing circuit, 16 pin connect 2 pin by resistance R 22,7 pin connect the output negative terminal of voltage stabilizing circuit by capacitor C 17,5 pin and 8 pin and connect after directly connect the output negative terminal of voltage stabilizing circuit, 6 pin connect the output negative terminal of voltage stabilizing circuit by resistance R 23, and 4 pin connect current monitoring circuit; After 18 series connection of resistance R 26 and capacitor C are in parallel with capacitor C 19 again, 9 pin of a termination PWM-type Switching Power Supply integrated manipulator SG3524, the output negative terminal of another termination voltage stabilizing circuit; The end of the 10 pin connecting resistance R24 of PWM-type Switching Power Supply integrated manipulator SG3524 and the positive pole of voltage stabilizing didoe DW1, the output negative terminal of another termination voltage stabilizing circuit of resistance R 24, the negative pole of voltage stabilizing didoe DW1 connects current monitoring circuit.
11, charger according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described control display circuit comprises single chip computer AT 2051, the 1 pin connecting resistance R35 of single chip computer AT 2051 and the public connecting end of capacitor C 29, resistance R 35 other end ground connection, another termination VCC of capacitor C 29,2 pin jointing temp observation circuits, 3 pin are by a charging timing circuit TEST ground connection, be parallel with crystal oscillator Y1 between 4 pin and 5 pin and pass through capacitor C 28 and C29 ground connection respectively, 7 pin connect 4 pin of optocoupler GD5,2 pin of optocoupler GD5 and 3 pin ground connection, the end of the 1 pin connecting resistance R54 of optocoupler GD5,7 pin of another termination comparison amplifier U3B of resistance R 54,8 pin of comparison amplifier U3B connect+the 15V power supply, the 4 pin ground connection of comparison amplifier U3B; The end of the 6 pin connecting resistance R52 of comparison amplifier U3B, the other end connecting resistance R50 of resistance R 52, the public connecting end of R51, another termination VCC of resistance R 50, the other end ground connection of resistance R 51, another termination electric voltage observation circuit of resistance R 53; 8 pin of single chip computer AT 2051 connect 2 pin of optocoupler GD3, the 3 pin ground connection of optocoupler GD3, and 1 pin of optocoupler GD3 meets VCC by resistance R 43, and 4 pin of optocoupler GD3 connect the constant voltage control point of charger; 9 pin of single chip computer AT 2051 connect 4 pin of optocoupler GD4,2 pin of optocoupler GD4 and 3 pin ground connection, the end of the 1 pin connecting resistance R49 of optocoupler GD4,1 pin of another termination operational amplifier U3A of resistance R 49, the end of the 2 pin connecting resistance R47 of operational amplifier U3A, the other end connecting resistance R46 of resistance R 47, the public connecting end of R55, another termination VCC of resistance R 46, the end of the other end connecting resistance R56 of resistance R 55, the other end ground connection of resistance R 56, another termination current monitoring circuit of resistance R 48; 11 pin of single chip computer AT 2051 connect 2 pin of optocoupler GD2, the 3 pin ground connection of optocoupler GD2, and 1 pin of optocoupler GD2 meets VCC by resistance R 41, and 4 pin of optocoupler GD2 connect the constant voltage control point of charger by resistance R 41; 14 pin of single chip computer AT 2051 connect 2 pin of optocoupler GD1, the 3 pin ground connection of optocoupler GD1, and 1 pin of optocoupler GD1 meets VCC by resistance R 39, and 4 pin of optocoupler GD1 connect the constant voltage control point of charger by resistance R 6; 15 pin of single chip computer AT 2051 are by a built-in little button AN ground connection; By the negative pole of resistance R 38, R37, R36 sending and receiving optical diode LED3, LED2, LED1, the positive pole of LED 3, LED2, LED1 meets VCC to 17,18,19 pin of single chip computer AT 2051 respectively; 20 pin of single chip computer AT 2051 meet VCC, voltage VCC obtains by a voltage stabilizing circuit, this voltage stabilizing circuit comprises integrated Voltage stabilizing module U1 and capacitor C 25, C26, C27, C28, input termination+15V of integrated Voltage stabilizing module U1, be output as VCC, capacitor C 25, C26 are connected in parallel on the input and earth terminal of integrated Voltage stabilizing module U1, and capacitor C 27, C28 are connected in parallel on the output and earth terminal of step-down module U1.
12, charger according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, on the resistance R 31 of the current monitoring circuit of charger, be parallel with a charging current regulating circuit, this charging current regulating circuit comprises a by-pass cock SW1, resistance R 44, R45,3,4 pin of the termination by-pass cock SW1 of resistance R 44, R45, the other end of resistance R 44, R45 also connects, the side of this charging current regulating circuit by-pass cock SW1 is the electric current control point that reduces by half, and parallel connection one side of resistance R 44, R45 is that electric current is selected the control point.
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| CN2007100444445A CN101359841B (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2007-07-31 | Charging machine |
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| CN2007100444445A CN101359841B (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2007-07-31 | Charging machine |
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