CN101357592B - 电动轮驱动车辆的驱动用车载能源和整车电气及驱动控制系统 - Google Patents

电动轮驱动车辆的驱动用车载能源和整车电气及驱动控制系统 Download PDF

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CN101357592B
CN101357592B CN2008100426140A CN200810042614A CN101357592B CN 101357592 B CN101357592 B CN 101357592B CN 2008100426140 A CN2008100426140 A CN 2008100426140A CN 200810042614 A CN200810042614 A CN 200810042614A CN 101357592 B CN101357592 B CN 101357592B
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electric
explosion
vehicle
control system
air
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CN101357592A (zh
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谢鎔安
刘继江
刘兆伟
崔衡新
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SHANGHAI ZHONGSHANG AUTOMOBILE TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及电动轮驱动车辆的驱动用车载能源和整车电气及驱动控制系统，属于车载能源及电气控制技术领域。车载能源特征：防爆箱体内安置由超级电容器单体通过串并联组合而成的车载储能部件，防爆箱体之间串联相接，设电压检测及监控系统、温度检测及监控系统、能量均衡管理系统、空调冷却散热通道、防爆接线插头。整车电气及驱动控制系统特征：包括电控箱，由车载能源分别连接电控箱内所设电机直流斩波控制总成、液压系统控制电气总成、气泵变频机组、空调变频机组、驾驶室除霜电气系统、DC—DC电源。本发明节能效益突出；环保、减排效果明显，具有高效再生制动能量回馈蓄能功能，可避免对燃油依赖，充电速度快，大大降低设备故障率，维护成本低，使用寿命长。

Description

电动轮驱动车辆的驱动用车载能源和整车电气及驱动控制系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种全新的电动轮驱动或驱动电机驱动车辆的驱动用车载能源系统和整车电气及驱动控制系统，属于新能源汽车车载能源及电气控制技术领域。
背景技术
全球范围内愈发严峻的石油资源和环境保护问题，是当今世界各国和人民最为关注的主题。全世界都在寻求方法、途径来解决这影响人类生存的两大忧患。尤其是近段时间油价的迅猛飙升，到2008年6月份原油价格每桶已经突破140美元，而且还在一直攀升不断。有不少业内人士预测，到今年年底，原油价格每桶将突破200美元。各国家、政府都在采取措施降低石油的消耗，控制石油的使用范围。在我国，一吨柴油的价格由两个月前的7000元人民币飙升到9000元人民币，而且是常常供应不足。
为了应对迅猛上涨的石油价格和降低生产成本，同时为了减少污染排放，遏止生态环境的日益恶化，全世界都在客车和卡车驱动技术上将以燃油为动力的车辆改造成以电能为动力的电动车辆。
例如我国，目前重型卡车仍以燃油为主，尤其是在露天煤矿使用的重型卡车，以730E重型运煤卡车为例，一天燃油就有4-6吨，排放3吨多废气物，不但成本高，而且污染严重。许多煤矿试图改造、改装重型卡车成电力运行模式，在卡车顶部装受电弓，持续接触空中架线，利用外接电源持续供能行驶。但该方式不但成本高，而且车辆运行时有很大局限性，较难以适应矿区工况。
发明内容
本发明目的在于解决上述将燃油驱动改变为电驱动的问题，提供一种全新的节能、环保、高效、充电速度快，维护成本低、使用寿命长的电动轮驱动车辆的驱动用车载能源和整车电气及驱动控制系统，本发明也适用于驱动电机驱动的电动车辆。
本发明的电动轮驱动车辆的驱动用车载能源，特殊之处在于：包括防爆箱体6，防爆箱体6内安置由超级电容器1单体通过串并联组合而成的车载储能部件，防爆箱体6之间再串联相接作为整车的驱动用车载能源系统，防爆箱体6内每1～3个超级电容器单体加装设有电压检测及监控系统2的一个检测及监控点，用于检测电容器电压的变化，并在面板上显示异常情况，温度检测及监控系统3的温度检测探头安装在防爆箱体6内的不同点位，超温启动空调或报警，温度监控显示安装在操作面板上；能量均衡管理系统4安装在防爆箱体6内，根据均衡电压的不同与10~20个串联电容单体并联；防爆箱体6内设有空调冷却散热通道5，防爆箱体6外设有防爆接线插头7；
所述超级电容器1为牵引型超级电容器或牵引型超级电容器和启动型超级电容器的组合，电容器间组合方式为串并联组合，安装在一个或几个防爆箱体6内，构成驱动车载能源系统的基本储能部件；
所述空调冷却散热通道5由铁或铝管道加工组成，围绕在防爆箱内部；
所述防爆接线插头7由高功率、大电流的接触插排组成，安装在防爆箱体6外侧，与箱体内电容器的正负极相连。
采用上述车载能源的整车电气及驱动控制系统，特殊之处在于包括安装在车体上的电控箱，由上述车载能源分别连接电控箱内所设与电动轮或驱动电机相连的电机直流斩波控制总成8、液压系统控制电气总成9、用于控制车辆气压系统的气泵变频机组10、空调变频机组11、除霜电气系统12、DC—DC电源13，通过先进的直流斩波机组等电控系统控制驱动电动车辆，完成前进、后退等工作。
所述电机直流斩波控制总成8主电路为大功率的IGBT斩波系统，控制电路采用集成芯片或微处理器为主控制器，用于控制车辆行驶、制动、前进后退、能量回收；
液压系统控制电气总成9以直流或交流电机驱动作为驱动器，直流电机或交流电机由斩波器或逆变器输出直流电或交流电，控制车辆助力转向、驻车制动、卸载等功能；
气泵变频机组10以气泵控制车辆气压系统，气泵由逆变器供给交流电源，分布在卡车的底盘部分；
空调变频机组11两组，空调调节驾驶室和防爆箱体的温度，分别安装在驾驶室内和与冷却通道5相连的防爆箱体6内，空调变频机组由逆变器供给交流电源；
驾驶室除霜电气系统12安装在驾驶室内部前控制台，与超级电容器电源相连，驾驶室除霜电气系统由DC-DC变换器供给电源；DC—DC电源13与超级电容器电源相连，通过DC-DC变换器转换成24伏或48伏电压连接至蓄电池，给低压蓄电池、低压电路供电。
本发明全新的电动轮驱动车辆的驱动用车载能源和整车电气及驱动控制系统，使用以超级电容器为能源，配备相应的电控系统，使得车辆具有节能效益突出，工作方式更为灵活的优势所在，具有以下优点：
1、节能效益突出；与传统的燃油驱动车辆相比，节能高达75％以上；
2、环保、减排效果明显；因为采用超级电容器为车载电源，因而实现车辆驱动零排放，无污染，有效减少了环境的污染。
3、具有高效再生制动能量回馈蓄能功能，大大降低了设备故障率，提高了电动轮驱动或驱动车辆的工作效率；
4、可以避免对燃油的依赖；
5、充电速度快，维护成本低，使用寿命长。
附图说明
图1：本发明实施例1车载能源结构主视图；
图2：图1的车载能源结构俯视图；
图3：本发明实施例1整车电气及驱动控制系统连接方框图；
图4：本实用新型应用在重型卡车示意图。
1、超级电容器，2、电压检测及监控系统，3、温度检测及监控系统，4、能量均衡管理系统，5、空调冷却散热通道，6、防爆箱体，7、防爆接线插头，8、电动轮或驱动电机直流斩波控制总成，9、液压系统控制电气总成、10、气泵变频机组、11、空调变频机组、12、除霜电气系统、13、DC—DC电源。
具体实施方式
以下参照附图，给出本发明的具体实施方式，用来对本发明的构成进行进一步说明。
实施例1
本实施例全新的电动轮驱动车辆的驱动用车载能源和整车电气及驱动控制系统，参照图1-4，包括防爆箱体6，防爆箱体6内安置由超级电容器1单体通过串并联组合而成的车载储能部件，防爆箱体6之间再串联相接作为整车的车载能源系统，防爆箱体6内每1～3个超级电容器单体加装设有电压检测及监控系统2的一个检测及监控点，用于检测电容器电压的变化，并在面板上显示异常情况，温度检测及监控系统3的温度检测探头安装在防爆箱体6内的不同点位，超温启动空调或报警，在操作面板上显示监控温度；能量均衡管理系统4主要作用是当电容器不工作时，将单体电容器的电压进行均衡，使单体电容器电压趋于一致，安装在防爆箱体6内，根据均衡电压的不同与10~20个串联电容单体并联；防爆箱体6内设有空调冷却散热通道5，防爆箱体6外设有防爆接线插头7；
超级电容器1为牵引型超级电容器或牵引型超级电容器和启动型超级电容器的组合，超级电容器是介于传统电容器和蓄电池之间的一种新型储能元件，主要是利用电极和电解质界面电荷分离形成的双电层或借助电极表面快速的氧化还原反应所产生的法拉第“准电容”来实现电荷和能量的存储，具有使用寿命长、大功率快速充放电、绿色环保等特点，电容器间组合方式为串并联组合，安装在一个或几个防爆箱体6内，构成车载能源系统的基本储能部件；空调冷却散热通道5由铁或铝管道加工组成，围绕在防爆箱内部；防爆箱体6为箱体、基座、冷却通道和连接插头组成，装配后成密封结构；防爆接线插头7由高功率、大电流的接触插排组成，安装在防爆箱体6外侧，与箱体内电容器的正负极相连。
采用以上车载能源的整车电气及驱动控制系统，包括安装在车体上的电控箱，由上述车载能源分别连接电控箱内所设与电动轮或驱动电机相连的电机直流斩波控制总成8、液压系统控制电气总成9、用于控制车辆气压系统的气泵变频机组10、空调变频机组11、驾驶室除霜电气系统12、DC—DC电源13，通过先进的直流斩波机组等电控系统驱动电动轮驱动或驱动电机驱动车辆，完成前进、后退工作。
电动轮或驱动电机直流斩波控制总成8主要由大功率的IGBT斩波系统组成，用于控制车辆行驶、制动、前进后退、能量回收；液压系统控制电气总成9采用直流或交流电机驱动，控制车辆助力转向、驻车制动、卸载等功能；气泵变频机组10控制车辆气压系统，分布在卡车的底盘部分；空调变频机组安装在驾驶室内一组，对驾驶室进行调温；另一组空调变频机组与防爆箱体6内冷却通道5相连，对电容器1进行冷却、散热；驾驶室除霜电气系统12，安装在驾驶室前控制台内部，冬季驾驶室除霜；DC—DC电源13与超级电容器电源相连，通过逆变成24伏或48伏电压，给蓄电池充电。
本实施例全新的电动轮驱动车辆的驱动用车载能源和整车电气及驱动控制系统，使用以超级电容器为能源，配备相应的电控系统，节能效益突出；与传统的燃油驱动车辆相比，节能高达75％以上；环保、减排效果明显；因为采用超级电容器为驱动用车载电源，而实现车辆驱动零排放，无污染，有效减少了环境的污染；具有高效再生制动能量回馈蓄能功能，大大降低了设备故障率，提高了电动车辆的工作效率；可以避免对燃油的依赖；充电速度快，维护成本低，使用寿命长。

Claims (10)

1.电动轮驱动车辆的驱动用车载能源，特征在于：包括防爆箱体(6)，防爆箱体(6)内安置由超级电容器(1)单体组合而成的车载储能部件，防爆箱体(6)之间再串联相接作为整车的驱动用车载能源系统，防爆箱体(6)内每1～3个超级电容器单体加装设有电压检测及监控系统(2)的一个检测及监控点，温度检测及监控系统(3)的温度检测探头安装在防爆箱体(6)内的检测点位，能量均衡管理系统(4)安装在防爆箱体(6)内，与10~20个串联电容单体并联；防爆箱体(6)内设有空调冷却散热通道(5)，防爆箱体(6)外设有防爆接线插头(7)。
2.按照权利要求1所述电动轮驱动车辆的驱动用车载能源，特征在于：所述超级电容器(1)为牵引型超级电容器或牵引型超级电容器和启动型超级电容器的组合，电容器间组合方式为既有串联又有并联的混联组合。
3.按照权利要求1所述电动轮驱动车辆的驱动用车载能源，特征在于：所述空调冷却散热通道(5)由铁或铝管道加工组成，围绕在防爆箱内部。
4.按照权利要求1所述电动轮驱动车辆的驱动用车载能源，特征在于：
所述防爆接线插头(7)由高功率、大电流的接触插排组成，安装在防爆箱体(6)外侧，与箱体内电容器的正负极相连。
5.采用权利要求1-4中任一权利要求所述电动轮驱动车辆的驱动用车载能源的整车电气及驱动控制系统，特征在于包括安装在车体上的电控箱，由上述车载能源分别连接电控箱内所设与电动轮或驱动电机相连的电机直流斩波控制总成(8)、液压系统控制电气总成(9)、用于控制车辆气压系统的气泵变频机组(10)、空调变频机组(11)、驾驶室除霜电气系统(12)、DC-DC电源(13)。
6.按照权利要求5所述整车电气及驱动控制系统，特征在于：电动轮或驱动电机直流斩波控制总成(8)主电路为大功率的IGBT斩波系统，控制电路采用集成芯片为主控制器。
7.按照权利要求5所述整车电气及驱动控制系统，特征在于：液压系统控制电气总成(9)以直流或交流电机驱动作为驱动器，直流电机或交流电机由斩波器或逆变器输出直流电或交流电。
8.按照权利要求5所述整车电气及驱动控制系统，特征在于：气泵变频机组(10)以气泵控制车辆气压系统，气泵由逆变器供给交流电源。
9.按照权利要求5所述整车电气及驱动控制系统，特征在于：空调变频机组(11)两组，空调调节驾驶室和防爆箱体的温度，空调变频机组(11)一组安装在驾驶室内，空调变频机组(11)另一组与防爆箱体(6)内冷却通道(5)相连，空调变频机组由逆变器供给交流电源。
10.按照权利要求5所述整车电气及驱动控制系统，特征在于：驾驶室除霜电气系统(12)安装在驾驶室内部前控制台，与超级电容器电源相连，驾驶室除霜电气系统由DC-DC变换器供给电源；DC-DC电源(13)与超级电容器电源相连，通过DC-DC变换器转换成24伏或48伏电压连接至蓄电池。
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