CN101336823B - Adaptive optical human eye micro-visual field defect evaluation system - Google Patents
Adaptive optical human eye micro-visual field defect evaluation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The light emitted by the beacon enters the pupils of the human eyes through the collimating lens, the first reflecting mirror and the spectroscope; the reflected light of the eyeground penetrates through the spectroscope, the light beam matching telescope, the wavefront corrector, the light beam matching telescope, the second reflecting mirror and the spectroscope and enters the Hartmann wavefront sensor, the computer calculates control voltage according to the measured aberration, the wavefront corrector is driven to correct the aberration of the human eye after high-voltage amplification is carried out, after aberration correction is finished, the computer software generates a stimulation sighting target and displays the stimulation sighting target on the stimulation sighting target display device, a subject observes the stimulation sighting target through the system and makes judgment, and the micro-defect condition of the visual field of the human eye is evaluated by recording the judgment of the subject. The invention adopts the adaptive optics technology to greatly reduce the visual field detection stimulation redundancy caused by the aberration of human eyes, finds early fine visual field defects caused by diseases in time and provides a powerful tool for the evaluation of the human eyes micro visual field and the early diagnosis of related diseases.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of adaptive optics eyes micro-vision defect evaluation system, is a kind of optical instrument that is used for the early stage micro-vision defect of human eye is carried out fine evaluation.
Background technology
The same labor life to the people with vision in the visual field (Visual Field) has significant impact, and the World Health Organization (WHO) regulation visual field is less than 100, and is blind even central vision normally also belongs to.Perimetry is for ophthalmology worker diagnosis and follow the tracks of and follow up a case by regular visits to main diseases causing blindness important information is provided.Beyond any doubt, perimetry is the basic skills of diagnosis and monitoring glaucoma and some other vision, optic nerve disease.Advanced perimetry provides possibility for the early diagnosis and the state of illness monitoring of relevant disease, simultaneously for successfully treating the condition of having created.But clinical being difficult to of early stage trickle defect of visual field diagnosed; With the glaucoma is example, when the automatic perimeter of employing standard can be diagnosed when having defect of visual field, existing 25% to 30% ganglionic cell is dead, and may exist loss of function of more ganglionic cell or sensitivity to reduce, and very serious degree has been arrived in disease harm.
The early stage clinical reason that is difficult to diagnose of defect of visual field is that there be " visual redundancy " in human eye, and promptly human eye is a plurality of neurons or the coefficient result of functioning cell to the response that stimulates sighting target.Another major reason is that there be " stimulating redundant " in existing perimeter, promptly stimulates sighting target in the certain zone of optical fundus covering rather than to unicellular stimulation.Be example with the present clinical perimetric minimal stimulation sighting target that uses, its corresponding visual angle is about 0.11 °, even under the influence of not considering the human eye dioptric system, this sighting target approximately covers 150 cone cells at macula lutea center, optical fundus, make that human eye is sighting target overlay area cone cell and the synthesis result that responds jointly with its all functions cell that directly or indirectly links to each other to the response of sighting target.If some functioning cell afunction and all the other cell functions are normal only in the sighting target field stimulation, still can make right judgement by means of the function normal cell to the response experimenter who stimulates sighting target, thereby make to be difficult to find early stage trickle defect of visual field or central scotoma clinically, and then be difficult to realize early diagnosis relevant diseases such as glaucoma, optic atrophys.
In order to reduce " visual redundancy " and " stimulating redundant " to the early stage trickle defect of visual field or the influence of central scotoma inspection, development in recent years the automatic perimeter of short wavelength, frequency multiplication perimeter, high pass differentiate novel perimeters such as perimeter, by being looked the road, shortwave, medium wave and long wave awl cell and correspondence thereof select to stimulate to reduce " visual redundancy " influence to perimetry, it is redundant that but its stimulation sighting target itself remains, and therefore is difficult to find early stage trickle defect of visual field or central scotoma equally.
One of possible method that solves " stimulating redundant " is to adopt as far as possible little stimulation sighting target, and its limiting case is to carry out unicellular stimulation.But perimetry is a kind of psychophysical method, stimulates sighting target to project on the retina by the human eye dioptric system.Stimulate sighting target to be subjected to the influence of pupil diameter and human eye aberration inevitably in the imaging on optical fundus.Pupil diameter has determined to project sighting target size minimum on the retina of optical fundus, and it is subject to dioptric system physics diffraction limit, adopts the mode of platycoria can obtain the retinal images that visual cell (micron dimension) is differentiated; And the size of human eye aberration has determined to project the stimulation sighting target picture quality on optical fundus, and the existence of human eye aberration makes stimulates sighting target to produce distortion and expansion on the optical fundus, even adopt small stimulation sighting target also can form redundant the stimulation.Therefore, when adopting small stimulation sighting target to carry out early stage trickle defect of visual field or central scotoma evaluation, must eliminate human eye aberration to of the influence of small sighting target to the optical fundus projection.
2006, people such as the Walter Makous at visual science center, U.S. University of Rochester and D.R.Williams propose adaptive optical technique is used for trickle defect of visual field of human eye or central scotoma inspection (" Retinal microscotomas revealedwith adaptive-optics microflashes " first, Walter Makous, Josepb Carroll, et al., InvestigativeOphthalmology ﹠amp; Visual Science, 9:4160-4167,2006).They adopt the visual angle is two kinds of fixed small stimulation sighting targets of 7.5 ' and 0.75 ', correct human eye aberration by ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, make 0.75 ' to stimulate the light intensity of sighting target 55% to act on the single awl cell in optical fundus, correct the concentration degree that stimulates behind the human eye aberration and before correcting, improved more than 6 times, greatly reduce the redundancy that stimulates sighting target.Adopt small stimulation sighting target, there be the deuteranopsia and normal (the 1 routine deuteranopsia of 7 example awl cells of medium wave awl cell defect in Walter Makous to 1 example in experiment, 1 routine protanomalia, 5 routine colour visions are normal) the examination eye that is subjected to measure its vision frequency curve (Frequency-of-Seeing curve).People's such as present Makous research also is in the exploratory stage, and its main purpose is to investigate the effectiveness of adaptive optical technique to little perimetry, and also there is the deficiency of the following aspects in its research means:
The first, people such as Makous adopt the experimenter of known existence awl cell defect as tested object, and it stimulates the sighting target design to have clear and definite specific aim.If the experimenter bores the unknown of cell defect state, its single and fixed stimulation sighting target may not necessarily effectively detect the trickle defect of visual field or the central scotoma of random distribution.
The second, the stimulation sighting target fixed-site that the people adopted such as Makous belongs to a kind of static perimetry method in essence, only can check limited zone;
The 3rd, people such as Makous are when the frequency curve of experiment measuring experimenter vision, survey the influence of beacon beam to test in order to eliminate aberration, its ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS is in latch mode, therefore can't monitor the fluctuation situation of human eye aberration in the vision frequency curve test process.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: proofread and correct human eye aberration by adaptive optical technique, adopt small stimulation sighting target to reduce the visual field " stimulating redundant " in estimating greatly, thereby the early stage trickle defect of visual field of human eye is carried out effective evaluation, discovery is by the early stage trickle defect of visual field that causes as diseases such as glaucomas, for the early diagnosis of relevant disease provides strong instrument.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: adaptive optics eyes micro-vision defect evaluation system, it is characterized in that: it is made up of near-infrared beacon, collimating mirror, first reflecting mirror, first spectroscope, human eye, Beam matching telescope, wave-front corrector, Beam matching telescope, second reflecting mirror, second spectroscope, Hartmann wave front sensor, computer, high-voltage amplifier, the 3rd reflecting mirror, imaging optical system and stimulation Optotype presenting apparatus, the light that the near-infrared beacon sends, through the collimating mirror collimation, reflect into the human eye pupil through first reflecting mirror and first spectroscope; The light of human eye fundus reflex, see through first spectroscope and Beam matching telescope, reflect through wave-front corrector again, by the Beam matching telescope, to second reflecting mirror, second reflecting mirror reflects into Hartmann wave front sensor with reflected light by second spectroscope, this Hartmann wave front sensor will adopt light spot image deliver to Computer Processing and obtain aberration of human eye, computer obtains wave-front corrector control voltage according to the aberration of human eye that records through the control software processes, amplifies the rear drive wave-front corrector through high pressure and produces respective change to proofread and correct human eye aberration; After the human eye aberration correction is finished, generate the stimulation sighting target by computer by software, send into the stimulation Optotype presenting apparatus through video signal and show the stimulation sighting target, experimenter's eye is observed by first spectroscope, Beam matching telescope, wave-front corrector, Beam matching telescope, second reflecting mirror, second spectroscope, the 3rd reflecting mirror, imaging optical system to stimulate sighting target and makes judgement, by record experimenter's judgement the little damaged situation in the human eye visual field is estimated.
Described Hartmann wave front sensor is based on the Hartmann wave front sensor of microprism array, or based on the Hartmann wave front sensor of microlens array.
Described wave-front corrector is deformation reflection mirror or liquid crystal wave-front corrector or micromechanics deformation of thin membrane mirror or double piezoelectric ceramic distorting lens.
Described stimulation Optotype presenting apparatus is CRT monitor or business projector or colour liquid crystal display device or plasma scope or electroluminescent display or OLED.
Described near-infrared beacon can be a near infrared laser, or the near-infrared semiconductor laser, or near-infrared superradiance semiconductor device.
The advantage that the present invention is compared with prior art had is:
1, the present invention adopts adaptive optical technique to correct the dynamic aberration of human eye, greatly reduce because the perimetry that human eye aberration causes stimulates redundant, thereby in time find because the early stage trickle defect of visual field that disease causes, for the early diagnosis of eyes micro-vision evaluation and relevant disease provides strong instrument.
2, the present invention stimulates the sighting target pattern to be generated by computer software, and sending into by video signal stimulates Optotype presenting apparatus to show, stimulates sighting target size, quantity, position and intensity all can accurately be controlled by computer.Therefore, perimetry stimulates the sighting target design more flexible, thereby can effectively detect the trickle defect of visual field or the central scotoma of random distribution, and can realize dynamic perimetry.
3, the present invention adopts the invisible near-infrared beacon of human eye, and the influence that can avoid beacon beam that the visual field is estimated is monitored in real time and proofreaied and correct human eye aberration when therefore can be implemented in visual field evaluation, guarantees that whole test process is not subjected to the influence of human eye aberration.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the adaptive optics eyes micro-vision defect evaluation system structural representation;
Fig. 2 a is the Hartmann wave front sensor structural representation based on microprism array; Fig. 2 b is the Hartmann wave front sensor operation principle sketch map based on microprism array;
Fig. 3 a is the Hartmann wave front sensor structural representation based on microlens array; Fig. 3 b is the Hartmann wave front sensor operation principle sketch map based on microlens array;
Fig. 4 is two kinds stimulates the sighting target example;
Among the figure: 1 for the near-infrared beacon, 2 for collimating mirror, 3 be first reflecting mirror, 4 be first spectroscope, 5 for human eye, 6 for the Beam matching telescope, 7 for wave-front corrector, 8 for Beam matching telescope, 9 be second reflecting mirror, 10 be second spectroscope, 11 for Hartmann wave front sensor, 12 for computer, 13 high-voltage amplifiers, 14 the 3rd reflecting mirrors, 15 imaging optical systems, 16 for stimulating Optotype presenting apparatus.
The specific embodiment
Introduce the present invention in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is by near-infrared beacon 1, collimating mirror 2, first reflecting mirror 3, first spectroscope 4, human eye 5, Beam matching telescope 6, wave-front corrector 7, Beam matching telescope 8, second reflecting mirror 9, second spectroscope 10, Hartmann wave front sensor 11, computer 12, high-voltage amplifier 13, the 3rd reflecting mirror 14, imaging optical system 15 and stimulate Optotype presenting apparatus 16 to form, and wherein near-infrared beacon 1 can be laser instrument laser, semiconductor laser laser diode and superradiance semiconductor device super luminescent diode-SLD; Wave-front corrector 7 can be deformation reflection mirror deformable mirror, liquid crystal wave-front corrector liquid crystal device, micromechanics distorting lens micro-machined deformable mirror and double piezoelectric ceramic distorting lens bimorph mirror; Hartmann wave front sensor 11 can be based on the Hartmann wave front sensor of microprism array, or based on the Hartmann wave front sensor of microlens array; Stimulating Optotype presenting apparatus 16 can be CRT monitor, business projector, colour liquid crystal display device, plasma scope, electroluminescent display and OLED; Eliminate the veiling glare of eye cornea and eliminate the method that can adopt the off-axis illumination; Perhaps adopt polarized light source illumination, fundus reflex is depolarization only, and the cornea scattered light is depolarization not then, comes filtering cornea veiling glare by the different polarization state of analyzer inspection.
The adaptive optics eyes micro-vision defect evaluation system work process of present embodiment is as follows: the light that near-infrared beacon 1 sends through collimating mirror 2 collimations, reflects into the human eye pupil through first reflecting mirror 3 and first spectroscope 4; The light of human eye 5 fundus reflexes, see through first spectroscope 4 and Beam matching telescope 6, again through wave-front corrector 7 reflections, by Beam matching telescope 8, to second reflecting mirror 9, second reflecting mirror 9 reflects into Hartmann wave front sensor 11 with reflected light by second spectroscope 10, this Hartmann wave front sensor 11 will adopt light spot image deliver to computer 12 and handle and obtain aberration of human eye, computer 12 obtains wave-front corrector 7 control voltages according to the aberration of human eye that records through the control software processes, amplifies 13 rear drive wave-front correctors 7 through high pressure and produces respective change to proofread and correct human eye aberration; After the human eye aberration correction is finished, generate the stimulation sighting target by computer software, send into stimulation Optotype presenting apparatus 16 through video signal and show the stimulation sighting targets, experimenter's eye 5 is observed the stimulation sighting target and is made judgement by first spectroscope 4, Beam matching telescope 6, wave-front corrector 7, Beam matching telescope 8, second reflecting mirror 9, second spectroscope 10, the 3rd reflecting mirror 14, imaging optical system 15, by record experimenter's judgement the little damaged situation in the human eye visual field is estimated.The present invention adopts the invisible near-infrared beacon of human eye, and the influence that can avoid beacon beam that the visual field is estimated is monitored in real time and proofreaied and correct human eye aberration when therefore can be implemented in visual field evaluation, guarantees that whole test process is not subjected to the influence of human eye aberration.
Hartmann wave front sensor 11 can be based on the Hartmann wave front sensor of microprism array, shown in Fig. 2 a.Form by microprism array 11-1, the fourier transform lens 11-2 of two-dimentional sawtooth shaped phase grating array structure and the CCD11-3 that is positioned at lens focal plane.Incident beam is behind microprism array 11-1, the light beam in each sub-aperture has produced the respective phase variation respectively, via the fourier transform lens 11-2 that is close to thereafter, survey its light distribution with the CCD 11-3 that is positioned on the fourier transform lens focal plane, this light distribution is comprising the phase information that two-dimentional sawtooth shaped phase grating array 11-1 is produced, the phase place that each sub-aperture produced changes different, thereby on fourier transform lens 11-2 focal plane, forming a spot array, the overall optical beam orifice is evenly cut apart.The spot array that the incident of standard flat ripple produces has been saved in advance and has been used as nominal data; When having the wavefront incident of certain aberration, each local dip plane wave produces new additive phase to two-dimentional sawtooth shaped phase grating in its sub-aperture, and this phase place changes in the facula position skew that will be reflected to fourier transform lens 11-2 focal plane.
The hot spot signal that CCD11-3 receives can be handled by computer, adopts centroid algorithm: the position (x that is 1. calculated hot spot by formula
i, y
i), the corrugated control information of detection full aperture:
In the formula, m=1～M, n=1～N are that sub-aperture is mapped to pixel region corresponding on the CCD 11-3 photosensitive target surface, and M and N are respectively the horizontal and vertical pixel count that sub-aperture is mapped to corresponding region on the photosensitive target surface, I
NmBe (n, the m) signal received of individual pixel-by-pixel basis, x on the CCD 11-3 photosensitive target surface
Nm, y
NmBe respectively (n, m) the x coordinate of individual pixel and y coordinate.
2. calculate the wavefront slope g of incident wavefront again according to formula
Xi, g
Yi:
In the formula, (x
0, y
0) demarcate the spot center reference position that Hartmann sensor obtains for the standard flat ripple; During Hartmann sensor probing wave front-distortion, spot center is displaced to (x
i, y
i), finish the detection of Hartmann wave front sensor to signal, its operation principle sketch map is shown in Fig. 2 b.
Hartmann wave front sensor 11 also can be based on the Hartmann wave front sensor of microlens array, shown in Fig. 3 a, form by microlens array 11-4 and photoelectric detector 11-5, its operation principle is: incident beam is behind microlens array 11-4, form a spot array on its focal plane, the overall optical beam orifice is evenly cut apart; The spot array of preserving standard flat ripple incident generation is as nominal data.When having the wavefront incident of certain aberration, the local wavefront on each lenticule tilts to cause that the facula position on the microlens array focal plane is offset that its operation principle sketch map is shown in Fig. 3 b.The hot spot signal that photoelectric detector 11-5 receives is handled by computer, and processing mode is identical with foregoing Hartmann wave front sensor based on microprism array.
Stimulating Optotype presenting apparatus 16 is CRT monitor or business projector or colour liquid crystal display device or plasma scope or electroluminescent display or OLED.Stimulate the sighting target pattern to be generated by software by computer 12, sending into by video signal stimulates Optotype presenting apparatus 16 to show, therefore stimulates sighting target size, quantity, position and intensity all can accurately be controlled by computer 12.Two kinds of stimulation sighting target examples that Fig. 4 produces at random for software, left side figure stimulates sighting targets for producing 4 simultaneously, and right figure only produces a bigger stimulation sighting target.Therefore, perimetry stimulates the sighting target design quite flexible, and can realize dynamic perimetry.In addition, the present invention adopts the invisible near-infrared beacon of human eye, the influence that can avoid beacon beam that the visual field is estimated is monitored in real time and is proofreaied and correct human eye aberration when therefore can be implemented in visual field evaluation, guarantees that whole test process is not subjected to the influence of human eye aberration.
Claims (10)
1. adaptive optics eyes micro-vision defect evaluation system, it is characterized in that: it is by near-infrared beacon (1), collimating mirror (2), first reflecting mirror (3), first spectroscope (4), Beam matching telescope (6), wave-front corrector (7), Beam matching telescope (8), second reflecting mirror (9), second spectroscope (10), Hartmann wave front sensor (11), computer (12), high-voltage amplifier (13), the 3rd reflecting mirror (14), imaging optical system (15) and stimulation Optotype presenting apparatus (16) are formed, the light that near-infrared beacon (1) sends, by collimating mirror (2) collimation, reflect into human eye (5) pupil through first reflecting mirror (3) and first spectroscope (4); The light of human eye (5) fundus reflex, see through first spectroscope (4) and Beam matching telescope (6), reflect through wave-front corrector (7) again, by Beam matching telescope (8), to second reflecting mirror (9), second reflecting mirror (9) sees through second spectroscope (10) with reflected light and reflects into Hartmann wave front sensor (11), and this Hartmann wave front sensor (11) is delivered to computer (12) with the error signal that records and is processed into aberration of human eye; The aberration of human eye that computer (12) basis records machine control software processes as calculated obtains wave-front corrector (7) control voltage, amplifies (13) rear drive wave-front corrector (7) through high pressure and produces respective change with the correction human eye aberration; After the human eye aberration correction is finished, generate the stimulation sighting target by computer (12) by software, send into stimulation Optotype presenting apparatus (16) through video signal and show the stimulation sighting target, experimenter's eye (5) is observed by first spectroscope (4), Beam matching telescope (6), wave-front corrector (7), Beam matching telescope (8), second reflecting mirror (9), second spectroscope (10), the 3rd reflecting mirror (14) and imaging optical system (15) to stimulate sighting target and makes judgement, by record experimenter's judgement the eyes micro-vision defect situation is estimated.
2. adaptive optics eyes micro-vision defect evaluation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Hartmann wave front sensor (11) is based on the Hartmann wave front sensor of microprism array, or based on the Hartmann wave front sensor of microlens array.
3. adaptive optics eyes micro-vision defect evaluation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described wave-front corrector (7) is a deformation reflection mirror.
4. adaptive optics eyes micro-vision defect evaluation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described wave-front corrector (7) is the liquid crystal wave-front corrector.
5. adaptive optics eyes micro-vision defect evaluation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described wave-front corrector (7) is a micromechanics deformation of thin membrane mirror.
6. adaptive optics eyes micro-vision defect evaluation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described wave-front corrector (7) is the double piezoelectric ceramic distorting lens.
7. adaptive optics eyes micro-vision defect evaluation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that stimulating Optotype presenting apparatus (16) is CRT monitor, or business projector, or colour liquid crystal display device, or plasma scope, or electroluminescent display, or OLED.
8. adaptive optics eyes micro-vision defect evaluation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that near-infrared beacon (1) can be a near infrared laser.
9. adaptive optics eyes micro-vision defect evaluation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that near-infrared beacon (1) can be the near-infrared semiconductor laser.
10. adaptive optics eyes micro-vision defect evaluation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that near-infrared beacon (1) can be a near-infrared superradiance semiconductor device.
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| CN101947157B (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2012-02-15 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Human eye adaptive optical visual perception learning training instrument |
| CN101947158B (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2012-07-04 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Binocular self-adaptive optical visual perception learning training instrument |
| GB201007697D0 (en) | 2010-05-06 | 2010-06-23 | Ucl Business Plc | A supra-threshold test for use in detecting sensitivity loss across the field of vision |
| CN102335088B (en) * | 2011-07-15 | 2013-05-08 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Human eye laser interference fringe visual perception learning training instrument |
| CN102283633A (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2011-12-21 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Self-adaptive optical micro-perimeter |
| CN107843982B (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2024-03-08 | 长春理工大学 | Wave front-free detection self-adaptive optical system based on real-time phase difference technology |
| CN109893081A (en) * | 2019-03-10 | 2019-06-18 | 长兴爱之瞳医疗科技有限公司 | Binocular subjective accurate optometry device and optometry method |
| CN110420009B (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-09-21 | 北京大学第三医院（北京大学第三临床医学院） | Visual target testing system aiming at different photoreceptor cell dynamic visual stimulation |
| CN113812919B (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2023-07-14 | 长春理工大学 | Macula lutea testing device and method based on polarization perception space-time sensitivity |
| CN113397471B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-04-28 | 重庆电子工程职业学院 | Vision data acquisition system based on Internet of things |
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