CN101336598B - Method for culturing mushroom using swine waste - Google Patents
Method for culturing mushroom using swine waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN101336598B CN101336598B CN2008100715687A CN200810071568A CN101336598B CN 101336598 B CN101336598 B CN 101336598B CN 2008100715687 A CN2008100715687 A CN 2008100715687A CN 200810071568 A CN200810071568 A CN 200810071568A CN 101336598 B CN101336598 B CN 101336598B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for culturing mushroom using pig nightsoil comprising culturing the mushroom using pig nightsoil instead of the cow dung in the conventional mushroom culture medium. The cultivation steps are as follows: culture medium preparation- stacking prewet- primary fermentation- post fermentation- cooling- sowing- fungi growth and soil cover- management of producing mushroom- mushroom picking- mushroom product. By using the pig nightsoil instead of cow dung to culture mushroom, the method of the invention solves the raw material source problem of the mushroom scale production, reduces the production cost of the mushroom, is useful for the sustainable development of the edible fungi industry, improves the production efficiency of the edible fungi, further more achieves the resource utilization of the pig nightsoil, improves the utilization value of the pig nightsoil, reduces the pollution discharge in the pig industry and is useful for quantitative reduction and resource reutilization in the pig industry.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to edible mushroom culture technique field, more specifically relate to the method for a kind of pig manure slag for cultivating mushroom.
Background technology
Edible mushroom is rich in proteins, vitamin and the necessary amino acid of multiple human body not only, by universally acknowledged for being rare protein source.The peasant that Edible Fungi is engaged in the present whole nation is about 2,000 ten thousand people, and nearly 9,000,000 t of edible mushroom gross yield account for 65% of Gross World Product, and the gross output value has reached more than 400 hundred million yuan.Edible Fungi is that the export-oriented agricultural of agricultural restructuring, peasant programme and development of China has been brought into play important function, has now become China important agriculture pillar industry and foreign currency earning industry.
Along with the continuous expansion of edible fungus culturing scale and the industrialized development of edible mushroom, raw-material demand is also constantly increased.The cultivation of mushroom at present all is that traditional straw and the cow dung of employing is that primary raw material carries out cultivation and production basically, and the required cow dung breach of production of pestering is bigger, and most of cow dung all needs from the other places to call in, and this becomes the bottleneck that further develops.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly the method that a kind of pig manure slag for cultivating mushroom will be provided; this method replaces cow dung to carry out mushroom-cultivating with the pig manure slag; large-scale production raw material sources problem, the reduction mushroom production cost of mushroom have been solved; help the sustainable development of edible mushroom industry; improve the productivity effect of edible mushroom; and the recycling of realization pig manure slag; improve the value of pig manure slag; reduced the discharging of pig industry pollutant, the pollutant minimizing and the resource that help pig industry are utilized again.
The method of pig manure slag for cultivating mushroom of the present invention, it is characterized in that: described cultivation method replaces the cow dung in traditional mushroom culture medium with the pig manure slag, mushroom is cultivated, and described cultivation step is: medium preparation → windrow prewets → primary fermentation → after fermentation → cooling cooling → sowing → send out bacterium earthing → management of producing mushroom → adopt mushroom → mushroom product.
Remarkable advantage of the present invention is:
1) the present invention utilizes the pig manure slag to replace cow dung to carry out mushroom-cultivating; solve the large-scale production raw material sources problem of mushroom and reduced the mushroom production cost; slow down the contradiction that limits the industry size development because of the edible fungus culturing insufficient raw material on the one hand; help the sustainable development of edible mushroom industry; improve the productivity effect of edible mushroom; realize the recycling of pig manure slag on the other hand; improve the value of pig manure slag; reduced the discharging of pig industry pollutant; the pollutant minimizing and the resource that help pig industry are utilized again, and recycling economy development is significant.
2) the present invention to the stirring of excrement grass, changes the fermentation condition at each position of stockpile by at every turn, regulates moisture, increases nutrient, distribute waste gas, increase fresh air, promote the beneficial microorganism growth and breeding, the heap that raises is warm, deepens fermentation, makes composts or fertilisers of cultivating obtain good conversion and decomposition.After fermentation of the present invention can be killed insects such as harmful assorted bacterium of agaricus bisporus growth and mite classes.
3) every square metre of output average out to 11.5kg of the present invention, the material biological transformation ratio reaches 56.4%.Product quality is accomplished the agaricus bisporus product from the organoleptic indicator, mushroom body white, mushroom shape rounding, full, not parachute-opening, and size is even, no bacterial plaque, foxiness.Agaricus bisporus special delicate fragrance, anacidity, peculiar smell, free from insect pests such as smelly, mould are arranged, water content 90%.Accomplish that from physical and chemical index the agaricus bisporus product quality meets NY5097-2002 " pollution-free food agaricus bisporus " physics and chemistry sanitary standard.
Embodiment
Culture medium prescription is, with every 100m
2Calculate: straw 1900kg, pig manure separates slag 1250kg, urea 7.5kg, superphosphate 25kg, mushroom produces special-purpose land plaster 55kg, lime 50kg. Being prepared as of described medium: described raw material is mixed according to prescription.
Mushroom of the present invention is an agaricus bisporus.The present invention also is fit to substitute cow dung cultivation Agaricus blazei Murrill, dictyophora phalloidea, can also substitute edible mushrooms such as wheat bran cultivating black fungus.
The training Facilities Construction: adopt mao bamboon, plastic foil and straw to build booth, the mushroom canopy is the rectangle basal plane, rises 5m, the wide 10m of canopy.Bedstead is arranged and is located in the middle of the mushroom canopy, the wide 1.4m of bedstead, and greater than 20cm, top layer is no less than 1.6m from ceiling apart from ground for interlamellar spacing 50cm, bottom, and each bedstead is established 6 layers.Cover whole mushroom canopy with plastic foil, film adds straw screen or mat, and ceiling is established and pulled out tracheae, and both sides are equipped with louver(-vre).
The technological process of production: swine excrement → Separation of Solid and Liquid → pig manure slag+straw → windrow prewets → primary fermentation → after fermentation → cooling cooling → sowing → send out bacterium earthing → management of producing mushroom → adopt mushroom → mushroom products.
(1) outdoor primary fermentation
Build heap: build the preceding 2～3d of heap, the excrement grass is prewetted, and stockpile is with wide 2m, high 1.5m.Every layer of forage 15～18cm is thick, pig manure slag 5cm, and the excrement grass is alternately spread, and about every layer height 25cm, number of plies 10-12 layer is piled stockpile up to more than the 1.5m always.Both required to loosen, tremble unrest during the lay straw, Zha Bianqie wall again, the stockpile limit should be vertical substantially, the bedding muck requires on the limit many, the inside is few, and lower floor is few, and the upper strata is many, evenly add water and urea since the 3rd layer, and successively increase, particularly top layer should keep the pig manure thick-layer to cover, and the top piles turtleback shape, stressor layer in the increase, moisture content are grasped has the low amounts of water outflow to be as the criterion after heap is good.
Turning: the purpose of turning be by at every turn to the stirring of excrement grass, change the fermentation condition at each position of stockpile, regulate moisture, increase nutrient, distribute waste gas, increase fresh air, promote the beneficial microorganism growth and breeding, the heap that raises is warm, deepens fermentation, makes composts or fertilisers of cultivating obtain good conversion and decomposition.Therefore, should be upper and lower during turning, the innner and outer, raw material are relative with grog transposes, and the excrement grass is fully shaken up, dried wet-mixing is closed evenly.
Turning for the first time is after building 3-5 days of heap, still will water sufficient moisture during turning, and layering adds required urea and superphosphate, and moisture is grasped after the turning has a small amount of liquid dung to flow out around the stockpile.
Turning for the second time is behind 3-5 days of the turning first time, 75-80 ℃ of heap Wen Keda, and stockpile reduced width during turning, highly constant, contraction in length, and in stockpile, establish air vent, when turning, the excrement grass of should as far as possible shaking up adds the gypsum layering and is sprinkling upon on the excrement grass, helps even fermentation.Current turning is not watered in principle, and the local teeming low amounts of water of doing must prevent to water dilutional hyponatremia and cause the smelly putrefactive phenomenon of composts or fertilisers of cultivating acid.
Turning for the third time is after the turning second time 2-3 days, can carry out.Turning is highly constant, shortens length, the excrement grass is evenly mixed turn over, and pulverized limestone and calcium carbonate is mixed the back layering be sprinkling upon on the excrement grass.Wet before whole composting process stockpile moisture should be grasped, in do, principle that the back is adjusted.
Composts or fertilisers of cultivating behind the primary fermentation reaches: color is coffee-like, and degree of raw and cooked is moderate, flexible and don't easily break, and material is loose, and water content is 65-68%, and the pH value is at 7.5-8.5.
(2) indoor after fermentation
Self-heating is cultivated: the composts or fertilisers of cultivating through primary fermentation is moved into the mushroom room rapidly, puts on the shelf while hot, piles the ridge type, expects thick 20-30cm.Close the doors and windows, allow its self-heating heat up, self-heating reaches 48-52 ℃, cultivates 2 days;
Heating disinfection: self-heating is cultivated after 2 days gateway, the ventilating opening in mushroom room is closed, and feeds steam and heats up, and carries out pasteurization, and the room temperature in mushroom room rises to 58～60 ℃ and keeps 8～12h;
Temperature control: after the pasteurization, carry out the ventilation of mushroom room short time, make material temperature drop to 50～52 ℃, control this range temperature subsequently and cultivate 3～4d, finish after fermentation.After fermentation can be killed insects such as harmful assorted bacterium of agaricus bisporus growth and mite classes.
(3) sowing
After after fermentation finishes, open ventilating opening, with cultivation and fermentation material leveling, make the bed that it is tight to clap a little, the thickness of cultivation bed is at 18～20 centimetres, when material temperature drop to 25 ℃, can sow, note not can smell the ammonia flavor in the mushroom room this moment, should strengthen ventilation, turn over and tremble windrow if having, disperse ammonia and just can sow, otherwise mushroom is difficult to field planting in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, growth.Sowing is adopted and to be broadcasted sowing method, and the wheat kind is broadcasted sowing, and particle easily disperses to form the many places growing point, spreads field planting everywhere fast, 1～1.5 bottle of every square metre of sowing quantity, and compacting is tied, and closes the doors and windows, and heat and moisture preserving promotes bacterial classification to sprout, but just field planting material feeding in 2～3 days.
(4) send out the bacterium earthing
Sow after 5～6 days, mycelia begins to sprout material feeding.The temperature in mushroom room is controlled at 22～26 ℃ in the meantime, and relative air humidity remains on 70～75%.Mycelia can grow into the material end in after planting 18-20 days.Earthing is selected the field soil at the bottom of the paddy field for use, and its moisture retention is good, and gas permeability is good.The lime clear liquid spraying fine tuning of 0.5～1.2 centimetre of grogs size, grogs, it is flat and not broken that the humidity of grogs is pinched grogs with hand, do not have the white heart, tack-free being advisable.The thickness of overburden layer is grasped at 3～4 centimetres, takes the way of the diligent spray of light spray progressively to transfer to desired moisture level behind the earthing, and mushroom room relative moisture is controlled at about 90%, suitably strengthens ventilation after three days, helps mycelia and climbs soil.
(5) management of producing mushroom
When the mushroom bacteria filament length when the soil layer surface is in the kink state, add forced ventilation, suppress mycelial growth, impel the mycelia kink to form original hase, after original hase forms, begin spray knot mushroom heavy water, spray every day 2～3 times, the light spray of diligent spray, on a small quantity repeatedly, fruiting field temperature is controlled at 10～20 ℃, and relative moisture is ventilated greatly after remaining on about 90% water sprays.After knot mushroom heavy water is transferred foot,, just there are large quantities of mushrooms to grow through about 4d.At this moment in time spray the mushroom heavy water. see mushroom water spray, local many sprays that mushroom is many, spray less in the place that mushroom is few, clear the old mushroom root that is retained in bed surface, dead mushroom after every batch of mushroom is gathered, and mend the lid fine earth that wets.
Output and quality
According to every square metre of output average out to of method of the present invention 11.5kg, the material biological transformation ratio reaches 56.4%.Product quality is accomplished the agaricus bisporus product from the organoleptic indicator, mushroom body white, mushroom shape rounding, full, not parachute-opening, and size is even, no bacterial plaque, foxiness.Agaricus bisporus special delicate fragrance, anacidity, peculiar smell, free from insect pests such as smelly, mould are arranged, water content 90%.Accomplish that from physical and chemical index the agaricus bisporus product quality meets NY5097-2002 " pollution-free food agaricus bisporus " physics and chemistry sanitary standard.
Claims (7)
1. the method for pig manure slag for cultivating mushroom, it is characterized in that: described cultivation method replaces the cow dung in traditional mushroom culture medium with the pig manure slag, mushroom is cultivated, and described cultivation step is: medium preparation → windrow prewets → primary fermentation → after fermentation → cooling cooling → sowing → send out bacterium earthing → management of producing mushroom → adopt mushroom → mushroom products; The technological process of production is: swine excrement → Separation of Solid and Liquid → pig manure slag+straw → windrow prewets → primary fermentation → after fermentation → cooling cooling → sowing → send out bacterium earthing → management of producing mushroom → adopt mushroom → mushroom products; Described after fermentation is indoor after fermentation, and step is as follows:
1) self-heating is cultivated: the composts or fertilisers of cultivating through primary fermentation is moved into the mushroom room rapidly, puts on the shelf while hot, piles the ridge type, expects thick 20-30cm, closes the doors and windows, and allows its self-heating heat up, and self-heating reaches 48-52 ℃, cultivates 2 days;
2) heating disinfection: self-heating is cultivated after 2 days gateway, the ventilating opening in mushroom room is closed, and feeds steam and heats up, and carries out pasteurization, and the room temperature in mushroom room rises to 58～60 ℃ and keeps 8～12h;
3) temperature control: after the pasteurization, carry out the ventilation of mushroom room short time, make material temperature drop to 50～52 ℃, control this range temperature subsequently and cultivate 3～4d, finish after fermentation;
Described culture medium prescription is to calculate with every 100m2: straw 1900kg, and pig manure separates slag 1250kg, urea 7.5kg, superphosphate 25kg, mushroom produces special-purpose land plaster 55kg, lime 50kg; Being prepared as of described medium: described raw material is mixed according to prescription.
2. the method for pig manure slag for cultivating mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described primary fermentation is outdoor primary fermentation; Step is as follows:
1) build heap: build the preceding 2～3d of heap, the excrement grass is prewetted, the wide 2m of stockpile, high 1.5m, every layer of forage 15～18cm is thick, pig manure slag 5cm, and the excrement grass is alternately spread, every layer height 25cm, number of plies 10-12 layer is piled stockpile up to more than the 1.5m always, has both required during the lay straw to loosen, tremble unrest, Zha Bianqie wall again, the stockpile limit should be vertical substantially, and the bedding muck requires on the limit many, and the inside is few, lower floor is few, the upper strata is many, evenly adds water and urea since the 3rd layer, and successively increases, top layer should keep the pig manure thick-layer to cover, the top piles turtleback shape, and stressor layer in the increase, moisture content are grasped has the low amounts of water outflow to be as the criterion after heap is good;
2) turning: should be upper and lower during turning, the innner and outer, raw material are relative with grog transposes, the excrement grass is fully shaken up, dried wet-mixing is closed evenly: turning for the first time is 3-5 days after building heap, still to water sufficient moisture during turning, and required urea and the superphosphate of layering adding, stockpile had a small amount of liquid dung to flow out all around after moisture was grasped turning; Turning for the second time is 3-5 days after the turning first time, and the heap temperature reaches 75-80 ℃, stockpile reduced width during turning, highly constant, contraction in length, and in stockpile, establish air vent, when turning, the excrement grass of should as far as possible shaking up, add the gypsum layering and be sprinkling upon on the excrement grass, help even fermentation, current turning is not watered, the local teeming low amounts of water of doing must prevent to water dilutional hyponatremia and cause the smelly putrefactive phenomenon of composts or fertilisers of cultivating acid; Turning for the third time is to carry out in 2-3 days after the turning second time, turning is highly constant, shortens length, the excrement grass is evenly mixed turn over, pulverized limestone and calcium carbonate are mixed the back layering are sprinkling upon on the excrement grass, wet before whole composting process stockpile moisture should be grasped, in do, principle that the back is adjusted;
3) composts or fertilisers of cultivating behind the described primary fermentation reaches: color is coffee-like, and degree of raw and cooked is moderate, flexible and don't easily break, and material is loose, and water content is 65-68%, and the pH value is at 7.5-8.5.
3. the method for pig manure slag for cultivating mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described sowing step is: after after fermentation finishes, open ventilating opening, the cultivation and fermentation material is flattened, making the bed, it is tight to clap a little, the thickness of cultivation bed is at 18～20 centimetres, sowing when material temperature drop to 25 ℃ is noted not can smell the ammonia flavor in the mushroom room this moment, should strengthen ventilation if having, turn over and tremble windrow, dispersing ammonia could sow, otherwise mushroom is difficult to field planting in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, growth, the method for broadcasting sowing is adopted in sowing, the wheat kind is broadcasted sowing, particle easily disperses to form the many places growing point, spreads field planting everywhere fast, 1～1.5 bottle of every square metre of sowing quantity, compacting is tied, close the doors and windows, heat and moisture preserving promotes bacterial classification to sprout, and 2～3 days with regard to the field planting material feeding.
4. the method for pig manure slag for cultivating mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described bacterium earthing step is: after planting 5～6 days, mycelia begins to sprout material feeding, the temperature in mushroom room is controlled at 22～26 ℃ in the meantime, relative air humidity remains on 70～75%, mycelial growth was to the material end in after planting 18-20 days, earthing is selected the field soil at the bottom of the paddy field for use, its moisture retention is good, gas permeability is good, 0.5～1.2 centimetre of grogs size, grogs lime clear liquid spraying fine tuning, it is flat and not broken that the humidity of grogs is that hand is pinched grogs, there is not the white heart, tack-free, the thickness of overburden layer is grasped at 3～4 centimetres, takes the way of the diligent spray of light spray progressively to transfer to desired moisture level behind the earthing, and mushroom room relative moisture is controlled at 90%, suitably strengthen ventilation after three days, help mycelia and climb soil.
5. the method for pig manure slag for cultivating mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fruiting step is: when the mushroom bacteria filament length when the soil layer surface is in the kink state, add forced ventilation, suppress mycelial growth, impel the mycelia kink to form original hase, after original hase forms, begin spray knot mushroom heavy water, spray every day 2～3 times, the light spray of diligent spray, on a small quantity repeatedly, fruiting field temperature is controlled at 10～20 ℃, relative moisture is ventilated greatly after remaining on 90% water spray, after knot mushroom heavy water is transferred foot, through 4d, just there are large quantities of mushrooms to grow, at this moment in time spray the mushroom heavy water, see the mushroom water spray, local many sprays that mushroom is many, spray less in the place that mushroom is few, after every batch of mushroom is gathered, the old mushroom root that is retained in bed surface, dead mushroom is removed, and mends the wet fine earth of lid.
6. according to the method for claim 1,2,3,4 or 5 described pig manure slag for cultivating mushroom, it is characterized in that: the cultivating facility construction that described mushroom-cultivating is used is: adopt mao bamboon, plastic foil and straw to build booth, the mushroom canopy is the rectangle basal plane, rise 5m, the wide 10m of canopy, bedstead is arranged and is located in the middle of the mushroom canopy, the wide 1.4m of bedstead, interlamellar spacing 50cm, bottom apart from ground greater than 20cm, top layer is no less than 1.6m from ceiling, each bedstead is established 6 layers, covers whole mushroom canopy with plastic foil, and film adds straw screen or mat, ceiling is established and is pulled out tracheae, and both sides are equipped with louver(-vre).
7. according to the method for claim 1,2,3,4 or 5 described pig manure slag for cultivating mushroom, it is characterized in that: described mushroom is a kind of in agaricus bisporus, Agaricus blazei Murrill, dictyophora phalloidea or the woodear.
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| CN102948324A (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2013-03-06 | 唐人神集团股份有限公司 | Method for producing edible mushroom by used biological packing |
| CN102557800B (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2014-01-08 | 福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所 | Formula of special culture material capable of increasing content of each amino acid in grey mushroom fruiting body and culture method |
| CN103190284A (en) * | 2012-01-05 | 2013-07-10 | 魏生龙 | Uncultivated-area full-underground type ridge cultivation method for agaricus bisporus |
| CN102627489A (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-08-08 | 饶益强 | Cultivated formula for white Hypsizigus marmoreus and preparation method thereof |
| CN102742455A (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2012-10-24 | 江苏绿茵生物科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating mushrooms in greenhouse |
| CN103130579A (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2013-06-05 | 盐城中绿生物科技有限公司 | Production method for cultivating agaricus bisporus by using pleurotus eryngii dreg |
| CN104230398A (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2014-12-24 | 王镇 | Utilization of bamboo rat faeces as dictyophora indusiata cultivation material |
| CN103460992B (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2015-07-22 | 福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所 | Method for cultivating agaric by using pig feces bag |
| CN103988750B (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2015-09-30 | 桂林市农业科学院 | The method of Dual Mushroom mushroom is interplanted in a kind of vineyard |
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| CN105340572B (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2018-02-13 | 文山市滇珍菌业有限公司 | A kind of Agricus blazei industrial planting method |
| CN106069184A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-11-09 | 铜仁市侗菇菌业发展有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of Agaricus blazei Murrill |
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