CN101334657B - Imaging interactive numerical control turning automatic programming method and system - Google Patents
Imaging interactive numerical control turning automatic programming method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an automatic graphical interaction-typed numerical control (NC) turning programming method and system used for improving programming efficiency and NC code quality, prompting quick product process realization (RPPR) and integrated product process development (IPPD). The technical proposal of the invention is that the automatic graphical interaction-typed numerical control turning programming method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of: reading in blank and part drawing, removing redundant information, and judging whether the graphics are exact; leading the graphics to have real-time interaction function and be capable of correcting the information of the part processing surface, including processing surface type, exact geometrical information and surface roughness; determining whether to execute the corresponding system function modules by carrying out automatic programming or auxiliary programming or mixed programming according to the selection of the user. The automatic graphical interaction-typed numerical control turning control system is characterized in that the automatic graphical interaction-typed NC turning control system comprises a CAD data reading-in module which is respectively connected with an automatic programming module, an auxiliary programming module and a mixed programming module which are respectively connected with an automatic track layout module which is connected with an NC code generation module.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to numerical control turning control system field, relate in particular to the imaging interactive numerical control turning automatic programming method and the system of flexible formulation numerical control processing technology and Cutting trajectory ability.
Background technology
Numerical control turning automatic programming is implemented on two proven technique paths, i.e. automatically programmed tools APT and computer-aided design (CAD) and manufacturing is the CAD/CAM technology.
At present based on develop on the APT basis towards processing, the small-sized programing system with certain scope of application comprises as the ADATP that is used for profile control of the U.S. and is used for an AUTOSPOT system of position control.Germany develops EXAPT (ExtendedAutomatically Programmed Tools)-1, EXAPT-2 and the small-sized automatic programming system of EXAPT-3 series towards a position processing, turning processing and Milling Process respectively, and programing systems such as the ZCK of the FAPT language system of Japan and China's development and SKG.The various small, dedicated numerical control Programming with Pascal Language system that derives by APT, when being used to numerical control turning or milling programming following three class shortcomings are arranged: (1) programming personnel need learn and grasp the numerical control language, (2) the part to be processed information translation need be become literal or numerical information, not only not directly perceived, and in transfer process the error rate height, (3) the batch processing form is still adopted in the numerical control Programming with Pascal Language at present, promptly use the part source program of numerical control language compilation, only carry out single treatment behind the input computing machine, and in processing procedure, can't carry out manual intervention, thereby can't make amendment the operation result of instruction code.
Computer aided programming is the important technology branch in CAD/CAM field, also is another technology path of design and realization numerical control turning automatic programming.Developed by Germany the eighties
Automatic programming system belongs to early stage typical graphic interactive automatic programming system, possesses preliminary picture editting and code systematic function; The Multi CAD/ of the Switzerland Cimalog company development nineties
Software systems have then possessed the three-dimensional objects of carrying out design function, according to the solid modelling of designing, can generate cutter path, cooperate technological parameter can generate the numerical control instruction, directly or by perforated tape job sequence are imported numerically-controlled machine then.The integrated software of CAD/CAM that adopts graphic interactive automated programming notion to develop, possess the numerical control programming function at present mainly contains the MASTER of U.S. CNC Software company development
Software, and develop by EDS company
System.Digital control processing functional module that these softwares are all integrated, can carry out the wire modeling design reaches based on the design of non-uniform rational B-spline surface modeling, Auto dimension, check of NC code and correction, and cross to cut to interfere and detect, by setting up general rearmounted processing of unified processing technology information management model and generation machine tool control system code, realized with no paper efficient automatic processing by Technology of NC Programming.
China goes out corresponding numerical control language system at the end of the seventies with reference to the mechanical development of APT.Such as the SKG language system of Nanjing space flight and aviation university development, the Taiyuan Heavy Machinery Plant development
Systems etc. all belong to the APT derivant.In recent years, personal computer (PC) and industrial computer (IPC) go up exploitation, also begin to take shape based on the various special-purpose programing system of APT, and developing into large-scale, an integrated computer software CADEMAS (Computer Aided Development, Engineering Manufacturingand Support), one of them pith is computing machine automatic numerical control programing system (NCG, APTX, APTX-GI).On the other hand, continuous propelling along with the CAD/CAM technology, China is also on the basis of introducing external advanced CAD/CAM technology, Primary Study and discussion have been carried out in the automatic programming and the emulation that how to realize nc program, assist/the semi-automatic programming system development comprising graphical numerically controlled lathe, but no matter be the NC Programming System of external or domestic-developed, for such as cross-platform characteristic, the CAD graph data is optimized, numerical control processing technology and cutter path are planned automatically, and still rest on theoretical analysis and methodology aspect based on the research of the three-dimensional machining process simulating of virtual reality.At this fast-developing industry cluster of homemade high-grade digital control system, graphic interactive, area of computer aided or the automatic process problem in turning programming resolved and concrete technology and software realization of system are not seen in supporting technology field such as technological procedure formulation.
Summary of the invention
In view of the present invention is based on above-mentioned environment; Therefore main target of the present invention provide can be flexibly, the formulation numerical control processing technology of system: or generate processing technology automatically according to the part manufacturing feature by system; Or export the technology chained list to the technologist after generating processing technology automatically by system, make amendment in conjunction with self technology experience by the technologist; Or specify processing technology by the technologist fully; Finally calculate cutter path according to the technology chained list that forms by system, and generation numerical control instruction code, realize the high-level efficiency programming of simple part or complex parts, can improve programming efficiency and NC code quality, promote quick product process to realize (RPPR) and integrated product exploitation (IPPD) process.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the imaging interactive numerical control turning autocontrol method is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
----reads in blank and part drawing, removes redundant information, and judges whether figure is accurate;
-----make figure have the real-time, interactive function can revise the information on part processing surface, comprises the finished surface type, geological information accurately, surfaceness;
------selects to determine to carry out automated programming, aided programming or hybrid programming according to the user;
------if the user selects automated programming, and then system enters automatic procedure planning, track and generates and program, enter automatic procedure planning, track generates and program after, set workpiece coordinate system, withdrawing face and safe distance at first respectively; Selected to carry out slightly by the user, smart still complete processing if select to carry out roughing, then is provided with one group of combination process tool, general surplus, general cutting-in, the general amount of feeding and cutting speed respectively by user interface; If only carry out finishing, then the finishing gang tool is set respectively, cutting-in, the amount of feeding and cutting speed by user interface; If the user selects to comprise thick, smart complete processing, need to be provided with respectively thick finishing information so; When these information all be provided with finish after, enter and carry out the trajectory planning program;
----auxiliary when entering/and semi-automatic procedure planning, track generate and program, by user interface workpiece coordinate system is set, withdrawing face and safe distance; The user sets required work step, when setting each work step, need choose the finished surface of current work step correspondence, cutter, and advance and retreat cutter mode is provided with spindle rotating direction; Finished surface is provided with process redundancy at the same time or separately, cutting depth, the amount of feeding, cutting speed after all work steps settings finish, enters and carries out the trajectory planning program;
-----after entering the hybrid programming program, at first enter automatic procedure planning, track generation and program, after finishing automatic procedure planning, track generation and program, system's output operation tabulation to auxiliary/semi-automatic procedure planning, track generates and program, system can directly implement trajectory planning by generating the cutter path program according to technologist's modification result, after the trajectory planning success, show the track of planning; The track that comes out according to planning generates the NC code that meets the lathe configuration requirement, and code is edited, and the NC code is carried out machining simulation.
Described automatic procedure planning, track generate and program specifically comprises the following steps: by loading cad data, identification, extraction, record and analysis part manufacturing feature, after obtaining the complete part machining profile,, finish turning promptly rough turn according to the processing mode that the user selects or thick finish turning generate corresponding manufacturing procedure respectively; (1) step of rough turn manufacturing procedure is, at first determines the rough turn profile of part outside surface, determines building up by welding scope in the rough turn profile, outermost layer external cutting profile and depression profile then respectively; On processing sequence, face work at first, afterwards cut profile to foreign round and carry out the cutter interference inspection, determine to implement rough turn monotone increasing excircle configuration, rough turn to implementing rough turn monotone increasing excircle configuration enforcement then, the car sunk part is mended rough turn to undressed intact part enforcement zone and back chipping in the depression profile more then, rough turn then outline groove and screw thread, boring, bore hole, groove and the screw thread in the profile in the processing at last; (2) job step of finish turning manufacturing procedure is, at first obtains outside surface finish turning profile, after carrying out cutter interference and checking, carries out outline finish turning, interior profile finish turning, finish turning groove, finish turning screw thread according to the order of sequence; (3) job step of complete manufacturing procedure is, determines the rough turn profile of part outside surface, determines building up by welding scope, outermost layer external cutting profile and depression profile in the rough turn profile then respectively; On processing sequence, face work at first, afterwards cut profile to foreign round and carry out the cutter interference inspection, determine to implement rough turn monotone increasing excircle configuration, rough turn to implementing rough turn monotone increasing excircle configuration enforcement then, first car sunk part is implemented the zone to the undressed intact part of depression profile again and back chipping is mended rough turn, and the finish turning outline, implement the back chipping finish turning then; Carry out profile groove in rough turn outline groove, finish turning outline groove, rough threading, finish turning screw thread, boring, bore hole, the car, the interior profile thread of car more according to the order of sequence; Obtaining profile,, when generating corresponding operation, each operation that generates is being stored in the Installed System Memory with the chain sheet form according to certain order; Each exportable catena in this technology chained list has write down corresponding surface to be machined, has implemented processing type, technological equipment, and the main technique information that comprises job operation, process redundancy, cutting line-spacing, the speed of mainshaft and turn to etc.
Described assisting/semi-automatic procedure planning, track generate and program specifically comprises the following steps: at first to obtain the starting point that the user specifies machining profile, it is the right endpoint of first machined surface, and the machining profile before this starting point of completion, then with this part machining profile, comprise first machined surface, be stored in the middle of the chained list; If the specified machining profile of user comprises that first machined surface, last machined surface and other machined surface between the two are continuous surface, then directly store machined surface information; If exist in following three kinds of situations any one promptly: (1) first machined surface and next machined surface are discontinuous; (2) last machined surface and previous machined surface are discontinuous; (3) (do not comprise first machined surface between first machined surface and last machined surface, last machined surface) there is discontinuous machined surface, parts profile feature before and after then algorithm at first obtains between the machined surface, new according to " local peak " disposable generation then, complete machining profile, at last with the machining profile after the new completion and machined surface information stores thereof in chained list, new continuous machining profile generates the back system will implement redundant points at new profile, local T1 Repeated Line Tl remove and obtain one still not continuous, and being occluding relation and system between the blank can discern, handle, and implement the complete machining profile of automatic orbit planning based on this.
Described automatically-whether the hybrid programming program of auxiliary phase combination specifically comprises the following steps: mainly to differentiate the current inside and outside profile of part consistent with the profile of the final part imported behind the system initialization, if it is inconsistent, then obtain undressed region contour automatically, and generate that the worker is added in this zone or back chipping is added worker's operation, after determining that part processing fully, system will import cutter and cutting parameter and system decision-making result in conjunction with the user, form complete operation chained list, and it is imported auxiliary edit routine.
The imaging interactive numerical control turning automatic programming system, it is characterized in that comprising that cad data reads in module, it provides engineering picture and text data-interface for the user, described cad data reads in module and comprises the cad data parsing module of being responsible for loading and resolving cad data, the user can be by information typing and figure correcting module typing accessory size, surfaceness, modification part geometry information, and cad data is responsible for the visual user's display module of cad data and is accepted; Described cad data reads in module and links to each other with automated programming module, aided programming module and hybrid programming module respectively, described automated programming module comprises machined parameters evoke module and cutting parameter evoke module, the machined parameters evoke module provides the user interface and the multiple formulation pattern of working out the numerical control processing technology scheme for the user, the user can use this module definition to comprise the machined parameters of parameters such as workpiece coordinate system, advance and retreat knife face, and the cutting parameter evoke module is cutting parameter thick, that the definition of finish turning processing technology comprises cutting data; Described aided programming module comprises work step scheme be ranked module and work step scheme editor module, the described work step scheme module that is ranked provides user interface for user's layout numerical control processing technology, and work step scheme editor module provides the user to be used to revise the user interface of above-mentioned processing technology; Described hybrid programming module comprises machined parameters evoke module, cutting parameter evoke module and work step scheme editor module, the user is provided with machined parameters by the machined parameters evoke module, the interface that provides according to the cutting parameter evoke module, be thick, finish turning operation definition cutting parameter, it is complete work step tabulation that system exports each work step of arranging by processing sequence automatically, and work step scheme editor module is provided for revising the user interface of above-mentioned work step tabulation; Automated programming module, aided programming module and hybrid programming module link to each other with the automatic orbit module respectively, the automatic orbit planning module is the corn module that technology realizes, generate the optimization tool feeding route of bringing the withdrawing track into according to working out process program, described automatic orbit planning module comprises that track resolves and optimal module, track display module, described track resolves with optimal module and implements trajectory planning automatically according to the work step scheme that part manufacturing feature or user are ranked, and the result of trajectory planning exports the image displaying area territory to by the track display module; The automatic orbit planning module links to each other with the NC code generation module, the NC code generation module comprises G, M code generation module and rearmounted processing module, the track chained list that described G, M code generation module promptly export according to the result of trajectory planning, cutting parameter in conjunction with user's appointment generates G, the M code that meets ISO6983 automatically, and the code of generation is sent into rearmounted processing module and is converted into the code that the configuration of appointment lathe can be discerned, be met to machine tool controller; The NC code generation module links to each other with the turning process emulation module, the turning process emulation module comprises environment construction module and virtual emulation module, the turning emulation module carries out the emulation verification to the NC code that generates, the environment construction module is played up environmental structure, and the virtual emulation module provides the user with 2D or 3D pattern process to be carried out visual interface.
Effect of the present invention is: first of the present invention is the employed development technique of cross-platform imaging interactive numerical control turning automatic programming system.It is supported and can also can make its off-line NC Programming System as independent operating on different platform with the imaging interactive numerical control turning automatic programming system integration in the digital control system of moving.Based on QT, OpenGL, the master routine and the dynamic link library of ANSI C++ exploitation can be at Window 98/2000/NT/XP, Linux, operation on the RT Linux.
Second portion of the present invention is the support method of graphical, interactive numerical control processing technology fast planning.It is used to support the numerical control processing technology that comprises various modes to work out, and provide data-interface to the user, by on screen, showing the CAD drawing, adopt the hot-zone response to support that the user selects machined surface and processing sequence, adopt the forms mode record and support that the user makes amendment to the technology chained list, the numerical control processing technology that forms a whole set of innovation is worked out flow process.The step that this method comprises: by user's preference pattern, this pattern has determined the mode that numerical control processing technology is worked out and programmed; System is according to the model selection information that the user provides, and offers the corresponding graphical user interface of user, parameter is provided with option and inputting interface, again by the user according to system suggestion and the interface that provides implement numerical control processing technology planning.
Third part of the present invention is the supporting method for planning track according to described second portion of the present invention.This method comprises the processing to the part geometry positional information, and the roughing profile calculates, the calculating of outermost layer cutting profile and system trajectory planing method etc.The processing of part geometry positional information can be carried out useful cad data identification, comprises and can discern the rotary type figure that has complete information, and complete information refers to comprise center line on part drawing, mark, reference field, tolerance, roughness, profile, profile line etc.Can remove interference, the profile in the identification full graphics, and further identification reality mark and roughness, final research extracts the size and the roughness of each face correspondence; At present, the outline of " minimum clamp horn cupping counterclockwise " identification part is adopted in the processing of part geometry positional information, before this method of use, the processing of part geometry positional information also comprises reading in the pre-service of part data, promptly remove the outer out of Memory of profile, and discern the part whether each pel belongs to parts profile figure, reject roughness and other interfering line; In addition, the processing of part geometry positional information also comprises the ordering to each pel that parts profile comprised that extracts.It is to reserve certain surplus on machined surface that the roughing profile calculates the main method that is adopted, and when specifically finding the solution the roughing profile, obtains its intersection point by per two parts profile entities, these intersection points is coupled together according to certain rule form continuous machining profile.What the roughing profile calculated is the final roughing track of whole part, the final track that it normally obtains through a plurality of roughing operations.For modal form processing, often carry out Dayu amount external cutting earlier.So, on the basis of roughing outline, also need obtain outermost layer cutting profile by the computing method that outermost layer cuts profile, sunk part is discerned and skipped to this method at the part outer rim sunk part that can't process in the big surplus cutting, for the sunk part of skipping, system will note to treat that follow-up automatic enforcement zone adds the worker.Method for planning track is applicable to slightly, finishing, and this method is mainly resolved the intersection point of each cutting position and above-mentioned cutting profile, after system determines which entity and cutting position have intersection point, obtains required each antinode, and the line of each antinode is Cutting trajectory.
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a workflow diagram of the present invention, represents the design effort flow process of imaging interactive numerical control turning automatic programming method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the algorithmic descriptions of automatic procedure planning shown in Fig. 1, track generation and programmed method;
Fig. 3 is auxiliary/semi-automatic procedure planning shown in Fig. 1, track generates and the algorithmic descriptions of programmed method;
Fig. 4 is the algorithmic descriptions of the hybrid programming method of automatic-auxiliary phase combination shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is a structured flowchart of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a systems function diagram, shows the embodiment of imaging interactive numerical control turning automatic programming of the present invention system;
Fig. 7 shows the example that is included in the immediate data of CAD shown in Fig. 5 interface;
Fig. 8 shows and is included in the example that defines cooked mode, machined parameters and cutting parameter shown in Fig. 5;
Fig. 9 shows and uses automatic procedure planning, track generates and the example of programmed method generation machining locus;
Figure 10 shows and is included in the example of working out the numerical control processing technology scheme shown in Fig. 5;
Figure 11 shows the example that is included in the tooling step of definition shown in Fig. 9;
Figure 12 shows and uses aided process planning, track generates and the example of programmed method generation machining locus;
Figure 13 shows automatically-the hybrid programming method of auxiliary phase combination in, system extracts and shows to the user example of work step tabulation automatically;
Figure 14 shows by user's modification and is included in work step tabulation among Figure 12, plans the example of new processing technology;
Figure 15 shows the example that the hybrid programming method of using automatic-auxiliary phase combination generates machining locus;
Figure 16 shows the example of editor NC code;
Figure 17 shows the example of code emulation;
Figure 18 shows the operation mechanism of the external hardware environment of system.
Embodiment
Embodiment partly is divided into two parts, the specific algorithm that system adopted when the hybrid programming method that first illustrates designed system structural representation of the present invention and workflow, procedure planning, track generation and programmed method, auxiliary/semi-automatic procedure planning, track generation and programmed method and automatically-auxiliary phase combination was automatically implemented.Second portion is that concrete interface of the present invention is introduced.
First:
Fig. 1 shows the overview flow chart of imaging interactive numerical control turning autocontrol method of the present invention.Represented as Fig. 1, at first enter system, in step 1, lathe and cutter parameters are carried out the initialization setting, read in blank and part drawing by step 2, by (1) cad data storage specification; (2) judgement of the geometry symmetry of CAD picture and text and closure principle and removal comprise size marking information, roughness etc. and the irrelevant all kinds of redundant informations of profile, and judge by how much topological relations between each pel in the CAD image, text and data whether picture and text are accurate: in CAD part picture and text, exist between any two pels and occur simultaneously, then have breakpoint between this two pel; If do not have common factor between any two pels, then do not have breakpoint in the CAD parts pattern; In CAD part picture and text, if intersect between adjacent two pels but discontinuous, then existence is crossed the border between two pels; If do not have above-mentioned discontinuous situation between any two adjacent graphical elements, then do not exist in the CAD parts pattern and cross the border; If the no above-mentioned breakpoint and the situation of crossing the border in the CAD part picture and text, then CAD part picture and text are correct.Step 3 makes figure have the real-time, interactive function by adopting figure hot-zone response technology, can revise the information on part processing surface, comprises the finished surface type, geological information accurately, surfaceness etc.Auto-programming 4, auxiliary routine 5 and hybrid programming unit 6 are shared and are provided with top.Next, determine to carry out automated programming, aided programming or hybrid programming by the user according to application scenario and processing request.If the user selects automated programming, then system enters automatic procedure planning, track generates and programming unit 4.Certainly the user also can select to enter auxiliary/semi-automatic procedure planning, track generates and programming unit 5.After entering automatic procedure planning, track generation and programming unit 4, at first in Unit 7,8,9, set workpiece coordinate system, withdrawing face and safe distance respectively.Select to carry out slightly smart still complete processing by 10 by the user.If select to carry out roughing, then one group of combination process tool, general surplus, general cutting-in, the general amount of feeding and cutting speed are set respectively by user interface 11,12,13,14,15.If only carry out finishing, then the finishing gang tool is set, cutting-in, the amount of feeding and cutting speed respectively by user interface 16,17,18,19.If the user selects to comprise thick, smart complete processing, need to be provided with respectively thick finishing information so.When these information all be provided with finish after, enter 20 and carry out trajectory planning.Auxiliary when entering/semi-automatic procedure planning, track generates and programming unit 5, also needs by user interface 7,8, and 9 are provided with workpiece coordinate system, withdrawing face and safe distance.Generate with automatic procedure planning, track and programming unit 4 different, the processing sequence here, job operation all by the technologist by user interface 21 decisions, can machining shape complicated more, the part that type is abundant more.The user sets required work step, when setting each work step, need choose the finished surface of current work step correspondence, cutter, and advance and retreat cutter mode is provided with spindle rotating direction; Finished surface is provided with process redundancy, cutting depth, the amount of feeding, cutting speed etc. at the same time or separately.After all work steps settings finish, enter 20 and carry out trajectory planning.Hybrid programming pattern 6 times, system user at first enters automatic procedure planning, track generates and programming unit 4, after the work of finishing unit 4, system's output operation tabulation to auxiliary/semi-automatic procedure planning, track generates and programming unit 5, the user can carry out auxiliary process planning as masterplate and promptly make amendment at each work step and processing technology information in the work step tabulation, and system can directly implement trajectory planning by unit 20 according to technologist's modification result.It is that automatic unit 4 and auxiliary unit 5 are shared that unit 20 reaches with the lower part, and particular content is: unit 20 is for generating cutter path, unit 22 for NC programmes, unit 23 is unit emulation for track demonstration, unit 24 for code editor, unit 25.After the trajectory planning success, demonstrate the track of planning by unit 23.Before this, unit 22 generates the NC code that meets the lathe configuration requirement according to the track that planning is come out, and the user can edit by the 24 pairs of codes in unit.Carry out machining simulation by 25 pairs of NC codes at last.
Fig. 2 shows the algorithmic descriptions of unit 4 is adopted among Fig. 1 automatic procedure planning, track generation and programmed method.In the diagram algorithm, system is by loading cad data, identification, extraction, record and analysis part manufacturing feature, after obtaining the complete part machining profile,, finish turning promptly rough turn according to the processing mode that the user selects or thick finish turning generate corresponding manufacturing procedure respectively: the first, and the main thought of the customized algorithm of rough turn manufacturing procedure is, at first determine the rough turn profile of part outside surface, determine building up by welding scope in the rough turn profile, outermost layer external cutting profile and depression profile then respectively; On processing sequence, face work at first, afterwards cut profile to foreign round and carry out the cutter interference inspection, determine to implement rough turn monotone increasing excircle configuration, rough turn to implementing rough turn monotone increasing excircle configuration enforcement then, the car sunk part is mended rough turn to undressed intact part enforcement zone and back chipping in the depression profile more then, rough turn then outline groove and screw thread, boring, bore hole, groove and the screw thread in the profile in the processing at last; The second, the main thought of the customized algorithm of finish turning manufacturing procedure is, at first obtains outside surface finish turning profile, after carrying out cutter interference and checking, carries out outline finish turning, interior profile finish turning, finish turning groove, finish turning screw thread according to the order of sequence; The 3rd, the main thought of the customized algorithm of complete manufacturing procedure is to determine the rough turn profile of part outside surface, building up by welding scope, outermost layer external cutting profile and depression profile in definite respectively then rough turn profile; On processing sequence, face work at first, afterwards cut profile to foreign round and carry out the cutter interference inspection, determine to implement rough turn monotone increasing excircle configuration, rough turn to implementing rough turn monotone increasing excircle configuration enforcement then, first car sunk part is implemented the zone to the undressed intact part of depression profile again and back chipping is mended rough turn, and the finish turning outline, implement the back chipping finish turning then; Carry out profile groove in rough turn outline groove, finish turning outline groove, rough threading, finish turning screw thread, boring, bore hole, the car, the interior profile thread of car more according to the order of sequence.When " obtain profile, according to numerical control turning typical process process sequence, generate corresponding operation ", each operation that system will generate is stored in the Installed System Memory with the chain sheet form; Each exportable catena in this technology chained list has write down corresponding surface to be machined, has implemented processing type, technological equipment, and the main technique information that comprises job operation, process redundancy, cutting line-spacing, the speed of mainshaft and turn to etc.Automatic procedure planning shown in Figure 2, track generate and programming scheme can be realized the automatic tool changer that corresponding work step switches.The notion of " the cutter combination " of innovation is to implement the prerequisite of above-mentioned automatic tool changer, be system initialization and load cad data after, (cutter table is made up of data line by the built-in cutter table of user's using system, the record tool type, information such as tool geometrical parameter and cutter seat number) determine required all cutters of processing and fill in the cutter seat number; After finishing " obtaining profile; " according to certain order; generate corresponding operation, before generating machining locus and NC code, system is the built-in cutter table of major key Ergodic Theory with the cutter seat number, by information such as each data line write down in the cutter table relatively tool type, tool geometrical parameters, and processing type, processing mode and the geological information of machined surface in corresponding operation of each catena or the work step, for each catena correspondence operation or work step in the technology chained list are determined suitable cutter, and the result of decision is recorded in the corresponding catena.
Fig. 3 shows the algorithmic descriptions of unit 5 is adopted among Fig. 1 aided process planning, track generation and programmed method.This algorithm at first obtains the machining profile starting point, it is the right endpoint of first machined surface, and ask by first machined surface and right side and to hand over the profile resolve before the starting point, or by asking for the local peak in zone (containing first machined surface right endpoint) between first machined surface right endpoint and the right side earlier, connect first machined surface extended line and part right side intersection point by half rectangle bridge crossover track then, local peak, and local peak, first machined surface right endpoint, form the preceding machining profile of starting point, then machining profile before the starting point (comprising first machined surface) is stored in the middle of the chained list.(annotate: the part right side is numbered 1 to parts profile between further then selected last machined surface right endpoint of analysis user, the first machined surface left end point, numbering is preface with the counter clockwise direction), and the position of judging each adjacent entities in this profile concerns, if adjacent entities is all continuous, then directly store last machined surface right endpoint parts profile information before; If it is discontinuous, then at discontinuous machined surface, seek the corresponding current parts profile in intermediate blank zone, and by analysis to this part profile geometric position information, find the solution corresponding local peak, connect terminal point, the peak of right side machined surface in the discontinuous machined surface respectively by half rectangle bridge crossover track, and the starting point of peak, left side machined surface, thereby make up all machining profiles before last machined surface right endpoint.At this moment, new machining profile range spans is specified the parts profile before the first machined surface right endpoint in the machining profile, continuous surface or discontinuous (comprising the first and last machined surface certainly) in the appointment machining profile between first machined surface left end point and last the machined surface right endpoint, therefore, according to the circulation of diagram algorithm, after system enters a left side and promptly obtains whole machining profile terminal point, it is the left end point of last machined surface of selecting of user, and the left end point of last machined surface of completion is to the machining profile between the blank, the preceding machining profile of last and aforementioned starting point, the common composition of all machining profiles before last machined surface right endpoint is new, complete machining profile, this machining profile and all machined surfaces will be stored in the Installed System Memory with the chain sheet form.As Fig. 3, new continuous machining profile generates that the back system will implement redundant points at new profile, local T1 Repeated Line Tl is removed and obtains being occluding relation between the still not continuous and blank and system can discern, handle, and implements complete, the correct machining profile of automatic orbit planning based on this.
Fig. 4 shows the algorithmic descriptions of the hybrid programming method of automatic-auxiliary phase combination that unit 6 is adopted among Fig. 1.In this algorithm, whether " process fully " is the geological information of each pel by the CAD image, text and data that travels through, compares current inside and outside profile of part and final part mainly, whether with system initialization after the profile of the final part imported consistent: if type (straight line, circular arc still be other equation curve) and the equal unanimity of geometric parameter (starting point, terminal point, radian etc.), then the profile unanimity of each corresponding pel in each pel of the current inside and outside profile of part and the final part if differentiating the current inside and outside profile of part; Otherwise then illustrate inconsistently,, then can obtain undressed region contour and form automatically, and generate that the worker is added in corresponding this zone or back chipping is added worker's operation according to above-mentioned comparison result if inconsistent.After determining that part processing fully, system will import (cutter and cutting parameter) and system decision-making result (automatic tool selection) in conjunction with the user, form complete operation chained list, and it is imported auxiliary editor module.
Second portion is specific embodiments of the invention, and reference secondary Fig. 6-18 subsequently makes an explanation, and number designation all belongs to Fig. 6-18 among the figure:
Fig. 6 has provided a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 6, comprises graphic presentation part 1 according to this preference graphic interactive turning automatic programming system, and it provides visual user interface for cad data, process planning and trajectory planning.Graphic interactive turning automatic programming system also comprises provides direct cad data interface 5 in the programming tool part 2,2, it is responsible for reading part blank and net shape drawing; Process planning user interface 6 is used for realizing that automatic procedure planning, track generate and the processing and the cutting parameter setting of programmed method; Automatic orbit planning interface 7 is responsible for the cutter path planning in the automatic procedure planning of realization, track generation and the programmed method; Work step compiles user interface 8, the responsible numerical control processing technology planning that realizes in aided process planning, track generation and the programmed method comprises work step formulation and ordering, cutting parameter is customized etc.; Code generates user interface 9, is responsible for generating the NC code according to cutter spacing data source file and lathe configuration information; 10 editor's work procedure interfaces provide the user to revise the function of specifying the NC code; Send into after 11 track emulation interfaces are responsible for knowing and are specified the NC code segment to resolve and play up passage, carry out the emulation and the verification of code.Graphic interactive turning automatic programming system also comprises cartesian coordinate system part 3, information indicating window portion 4.12 interfaces are responsible for finishing current process, and the Installed System Memory of release busy, are retracted into operating system master interface.
On the system tool hurdle 17 of Fig. 7, shown the more specific location information of certain machined surface in the CAD part (with the red line mark).Housing shown in the graphic presentation part 1 is a blank drawing, and this blank drawing loads by reading blank interface 13; The inside casing that has marked surperficial serial number in the graphic presentation part 1 is a part drawing, loads by reading part interface 14; Input field 18 and other similar input fields are responsible for customer incident response and recording user input, and system imports shown figure in the refresh graphics display part 1 according to the user; 15 of data correction parts are responsible for revising information such as straight line in the parts, arc section, surfaceness, and item such as double thread is provided with.Be responsible for active user interface rollback to interface shown in Figure 6 for 18 backward.
Enabling of process planning user interface 6 will make system enter the interface shown in Fig. 8 .a among Fig. 6.Global parameter user interface 19 is provided among Fig. 8 .a, the rough turn user interface 20 that is provided with, finish turning is provided with user interface 21 and system tool hurdle 23.Withdrawing from 22 is responsible for active user interface rollback to interface shown in Figure 6.Wherein system tool hurdle 23 is according to user's switch instances between 19,20,21, new toolbar self content more, provide different next stage user interfaces: switch at 19 o'clock, see that Fig. 8 .b programming tool part 2 goes to and comprise that workpiece coordinate system 24, advance and retreat knife face 25, safe distance 26, gang tool 27 are at inner boundary.System tool hurdle 29 is current to be shown as the state of workpiece coordinate system 24 interfaces when being activated, the user interface that the content on system tool hurdle 29 promptly provides is according to user's switch instances between 24,25,26,27, the next stage user interface that automatic update system toolbar 29 can provide.Withdrawing from 28 is responsible for active user interface rollback to interface shown in Fig. 8 .a; Switch at 20 o'clock
In the foregoing, system tool hurdle 17 is noted as 23,29,38,46 again, and the representative system toolbar is provided with interface at following different machined parameters that can provide of different situations.
Fig. 9 shows automatic procedure planning, track generates and the example of programmed method generation machining locus.Complete cutter path is presented in the graphic presentation part 1.Part 14 backs are enabled and read blank 13, read to picture material in the graphic presentation part 1 by System Cleaning the user.
Enabling of cad data interface 5 loaded blank and final part drawing among Fig. 6, after having loaded cad data, enables work step compiles user interface 8, and system will be provided for realizing the user interface of process planning in aided process planning, track generation and the programmed method.As Figure 10, graphic presentation part 1 is replaced by technology chained list list 47, this list has comprised the default list item after by system initialization, this the default list item shows with highlighted (blue region), increasing operation interface 48 will insert new the default list item to list 47, that deletion operation interface 49 will delete that the user clicks by mouse in the list 47, with the list items of highlighted demonstration; 50 editor's operation interfaces are called in the shown interface of Figure 11; Track preview interface 51 is responsible for realizing generation, the demonstration of machining locus in aided process planning, track generation and the programmed method.Withdrawing from 52 is responsible for active user interface rollback to the interface shown in Figure 11 .c.
Figure 11 .a shows the example that is included in the tooling step of definition shown in Figure 10.The tooling step that is defined is existing the default list item after list 47 is initialised among Figure 10.The user can be not that current work step clicks machined surface by mouse unless the Vehicle Processing center does not support mouse to click, and as graphic presentation part 1 among Figure 11, selected machined surface sequence number is 2,3,4, with the highlighted demonstration of redness; If the Vehicle Processing center do not support external units such as mouse, then machined surface and mode user interface 54 enables updating system toolbar 62 and is provided for importing the input frame of machined surface sequence number; The input frame that is used to import chipping allowance and cutting line-spacing among the form of input frame and Figure 11 in system tool hurdle 62 displaying contents is consistent; Content behind surplus and the cutting-in interface 55 is enabled for the user in current system tool hurdle 62 among Figure 11; The interface that the content on system tool hurdle 62 promptly provides switches between machined surface and mode interface 54, surplus and cutting-in interface 55, amount of feeding interface 56, feeding multiplying power 57 able to programme, spindle rotating direction interface 58, cutting speed interface 59, fast advance and retreat cutter interface 60 with the user provides different next stage user interfaces.Be responsible for active user interface rollback to the interface shown in Figure 11 .b for 61 backward.Graphic presentation part 1 has shown that emphatically system is at existing work step in aided process planning, track generation and the programmed method
Implement the result of trajectory planning,, this display mode can be defined as display mode A for the ease of distinguishing; The complete processing technology of a part of definition need define a plurality of work steps usually, implements trajectory planning then.Be different from Figure 11, list 47 is one and has comprised 5 lists that form item is the similar number work step among Figure 12, and this list is repeatedly to enable by the user to increase the complete process chained list lists that operation interface 48, editor's operation interface 50 backs generate; Be different from mode A, the user activates and jumps out an active window 63 that is used to show track by enabling track track preview interface 51, and this window can be by determining that 64 close.Among Figure 12, the machining locus that active window 63 shows does not process whole parts, this is to carry out the cutter interference inspection because the tool type that the user selects can not satisfy the requirement-system of processing complete part according to cutter and parameter thereof that the user selects, the decision machining area; For undressed part, similarly, the user can increase operation interface 48 by enabling, and selects the corresponding machined surface in undressed zone, in list 47, add and define new form item by enabling editor's operation interface 50, finally realize the complete processing of part at undressed zone.
Fig. 9 shows and uses automatic procedure planning, track generates and the machining locus of programmed method generation.Enable work step edition interface 8, the corresponding processing technology of this machining locus exports technology chained list list 64 to.The user can enable among deletion operation interface 49 deletion Figure 13 with the list items of highlighted demonstration, then enables to add operation interface 48 and add new work steps and form new technology chained list list 65.New work step is that new form item is with highlighted demonstration.Enable 50 definition of editor's operation interface with the form item of highlighted demonstration and form final technology chained list list 66.Enable track preview interface 51, can activate active window 63 and show new machining locus, as Figure 15.
Figure 16 shows the example of editor NC code.Code viewing area 67 shows the NC code content, shown code segment is selected by file interface 68, edition interface 69, searches interface 70, searches next interface 71, grammer detects and renumber excuse 72 functions such as user's edit code, positioning address word and grammer detection are provided; Withdraw from 73 and be responsible for withdrawing from the active user interface.
Figure 17 shows the example of code emulation.Emulation zone 74 shows simulation process, and 85 of word columns show the code segment title of current emulation.Enabling continuation mode interface 75 or single segment mode interface 76 decision code emulation is multistage continuation mode or single segment mode.Test beginning interface 77 and test stop interface 78 and are responsible for the emulation start-stop.The speed of feed that G00 speed of feed interface 79 is regulated virtual cutter in the simulation process.Duration interface 81 shows current simulation time, positional interface shows three-dimensional positional information in the emulation, 84 NC program segment interfaces show current simulated program section and back two line program section contents, feeding interface 86 provides current speed of feed with the progress bar form, picture material control group 83 the is integrated instrument of control emulation zone 74 displaying contents.
In the above-described embodiments, the hardware environment of graphic interactive turning automatic control system, as shown in figure 18, comprise external unit mouse 87, external unit keyboard 88, floppy disk 89, CD drive 90, processor 91, core buffer 92, hard disk 93, CNC controller 94, they all are connected on the system bus 95.Directly the cad data that reads from cad data interface 5 is provided by floppy disk 89 or CD drive 90; All interbehaviors of user and system are finished by external unit mouse 87 or external unit keyboard 88; Cad data, user input data and user's decision-making are preserved such as hard disk 93 by the NC program segment printing medium that processor generates; Digital control system can be real-time the NC program segment is called in core buffer 92 from hard disk 93, program segment is sent to CNC controller 94 by system bus 95 again, implements the interpolation and the motion control of multi-coordinate.
Claims (4)
1. imaging interactive numerical control turning automatic programming method is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
----reads in blank and part drawing, removes redundant information, and judges whether figure is accurate;
-----make figure have the real-time, interactive function can revise the information on part processing surface, comprises the finished surface type, geological information accurately, surfaceness;
------selects to determine to carry out automated programming, aided programming or hybrid programming according to the user;
------if the user selects automated programming, and then system enters automatic procedure planning, track and generates and program, enter automatic procedure planning, track generates and program after, set workpiece coordinate system, withdrawing face and safe distance at first respectively; Selected to carry out slightly by the user, smart still complete processing if select to carry out roughing, then is provided with one group of combination process tool, general surplus, general cutting-in, the general amount of feeding and cutting speed respectively by user interface; If only carry out finishing, then the finishing gang tool is set respectively, cutting-in, the amount of feeding and cutting speed by user interface; If the user selects to comprise thick, smart complete processing, need to be provided with respectively thick finishing information so; When these information all be provided with finish after, enter and carry out the trajectory planning program;
----is provided with workpiece coordinate system when entering aided programming by user interface, withdrawing face and safe distance; The user sets required work step, when setting each work step, need choose the finished surface of current work step correspondence, cutter, and advance and retreat cutter mode is provided with spindle rotating direction; Finished surface is provided with process redundancy at the same time or separately, cutting depth, the amount of feeding, cutting speed after all work steps settings finish, enters and carries out the trajectory planning program;
-----after entering the hybrid programming program, at first enter automatic procedure planning, track generation and program, after finishing automatic procedure planning, track generation and program, system's output operation tabulation to auxiliary/semi-automatic procedure planning, track generates and program, system can directly implement trajectory planning by generating the cutter path program according to technologist's modification result, after the trajectory planning success, show the track of planning; The track that comes out according to planning generates the NC code that meets the lathe configuration requirement, and code is edited, and the NC code is carried out machining simulation.
2. imaging interactive numerical control turning automatic programming method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described automatic procedure planning, track generate and program specifically comprises the following steps: by loading cad data, identification, extraction, record and analysis part manufacturing feature, after obtaining the complete part machining profile,, finish turning promptly rough turn according to the processing mode that the user selects or thick finish turning generate corresponding manufacturing procedure respectively; (1) step of rough turn manufacturing procedure is, at first determines the rough turn profile of part outside surface, determines building up by welding scope in the rough turn profile, outermost layer external cutting profile and depression profile then respectively; On processing sequence, face work at first, afterwards cut profile to foreign round and carry out the cutter interference inspection, determine to implement rough turn monotone increasing excircle configuration, rough turn to implementing rough turn monotone increasing excircle configuration enforcement then, the car sunk part is mended rough turn to undressed intact part enforcement zone and back chipping in the depression profile more then, rough turn then outline groove and screw thread, boring, bore hole, groove and the screw thread in the profile in the processing at last; (2) job step of finish turning manufacturing procedure is, at first obtains outside surface finish turning profile, after carrying out cutter interference and checking, carries out outline finish turning, interior profile finish turning, finish turning groove, finish turning screw thread according to the order of sequence; (3) job step of complete manufacturing procedure is, determines the rough turn profile of part outside surface, determines building up by welding scope, outermost layer external cutting profile and depression profile in the rough turn profile then respectively; On processing sequence, face work at first, afterwards cut profile to foreign round and carry out the cutter interference inspection, determine to implement rough turn monotone increasing excircle configuration, rough turn to implementing rough turn monotone increasing excircle configuration enforcement then, first car sunk part is implemented the zone to the undressed intact part of depression profile again and back chipping is mended rough turn, and the finish turning outline, implement the back chipping finish turning then; Carry out profile groove in rough turn outline groove, finish turning outline groove, rough threading, finish turning screw thread, boring, bore hole, the car, the interior profile thread of car more according to the order of sequence; Obtaining profile,, when generating corresponding operation, each operation that generates is being stored in the Installed System Memory with the chain sheet form according to certain order; The exportable catena of in this chained list each has write down corresponding surface to be machined, has implemented processing type, technological equipment, and the main technique information that comprises job operation, process redundancy, cutting line-spacing, the speed of mainshaft and turn to etc.
3. imaging interactive numerical control turning automatic programming method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described hybrid programming program specifically comprise the following steps: mainly to differentiate part current in, whether outline is consistent with the profile of the final part imported behind the system initialization, if it is inconsistent, then obtain undressed region contour automatically, and generate that the worker is added in this zone or back chipping is added worker's operation, after determining that part processing fully, system will import cutter and cutting parameter and system decision-making result in conjunction with the user, form complete operation chained list, and it is imported aided programming.
4. imaging interactive numerical control turning automatic control system, it is characterized in that comprising that cad data reads in module, it provides engineering picture and text data-interface for the user, described cad data reads in module and comprises the cad data parsing module of being responsible for loading and resolving cad data, the user can be by information typing and figure correcting module typing accessory size, surfaceness, modification part geometry information, and cad data is responsible for the visual user's display module of cad data and is accepted; Described cad data reads in module and links to each other with automated programming module, aided programming module and hybrid programming module respectively, described automated programming module comprises one group of machined parameters evoke module and cutting parameter evoke module, the machined parameters evoke module provides the user interface and the multiple formulation pattern of working out the numerical control processing technology scheme for the user, the user can use this module definition to comprise the machined parameters of parameters such as workpiece coordinate system, advance and retreat knife face, and the cutting parameter evoke module is cutting parameter thick, that the definition of finish turning processing technology comprises cutting data; Described aided programming module comprises aided programming work step scheme be ranked module and aided programming work step scheme editor module, the described aided programming work step scheme module that is ranked provides user interface for the preliminary layout numerical control processing technology of user, and aided programming work step scheme editor module provides the user to be used to revise the user interface of above-mentioned processing technology; Described hybrid programming module comprises another group machined parameters evoke module
With cutting parameter evoke module and hybrid programming work step scheme editor module, the user is provided with machined parameters by the machined parameters evoke module, the interface that provides according to the cutting parameter evoke module, be thick, finish turning operation definition cutting parameter, it is complete work step tabulation that system exports each work step of arranging by processing sequence automatically, and hybrid programming work step scheme editor module is provided for revising the user interface of above-mentioned work step tabulation; Automatic orbit planning module, aided programming module and hybrid programming module link to each other with the automatic orbit planning module respectively, the automatic orbit planning module is the corn module that technology realizes, generate the optimization tool feeding route of bringing the withdrawing track into according to working out process program, described automatic orbit planning module comprises that track resolves and optimal module, track display module, described track resolves with optimal module and implements trajectory planning automatically according to the work step scheme that part manufacturing feature or user are ranked, and the result of trajectory planning exports the image displaying area territory to by the track display module; The automatic orbit planning module links to each other with the NC code generation module, the NC code generation module comprises G, M code generation module and rearmounted processing module, described G, M code generation module are according to the result of trajectory planning, cutting parameter in conjunction with user's appointment generates G, the M code that meets ISO6983 automatically, and the code of generation is sent into rearmounted processing module and is converted into the code that the configuration of appointment lathe can be discerned, be met to machine tool controller; The NC code generation module links to each other with the turning process emulation module, the turning process emulation module comprises environment construction module and virtual emulation module, the turning process emulation module carries out the emulation verification to the NC code that generates, the environment construction module is played up environmental structure, and the virtual emulation module provides the user with 2D or 3D pattern process to be carried out visual interface.
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| CN116611272B (en) * | 2023-07-20 | 2023-11-03 | 山东豪迈机械科技股份有限公司 | Tire mold part manufacturing method, system, electronic device, and storage medium |
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