CN117742242B - Dynamic regulation and control method and system for numerical control machine tool - Google Patents
Dynamic regulation and control method and system for numerical control machine tool Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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Abstract
A dynamic regulation and control method of a numerical control machine tool comprises the steps of designing drawings of machining parts and writing numerical control programs; loading a numerical control program to set machine tool parameters, installing a cutter and calibrating; setting a preset track, writing a preset track numerical control program, loading, and partially replacing a pre-processing travel track; starting processing, measuring a preset track measurement diagram before generation, and monitoring in real time and adjusting in real time; setting a preset track in a post-processing stroke and partially replacing the preset track to generate a post-preset track measurement diagram; the front and back preset track measurement graphs are subjected to comparison analysis, the numerical control machine tool is subjected to correction and adjustment and the like, dynamic regulation and control of the numerical control machine tool can be realized, dynamic regulation and control of multiple parameters in the machining process and the multi-component machining process can be fused, analysis and control are convenient, and efficiency is guaranteed while accuracy is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of control, in particular to a dynamic regulation and control method and system for a numerical control machine tool.
Background
The numerical control machine tool is a short name of a numerical control machine tool (Computer numerical control machine tools), and is an automatic machine tool provided with a program control system. The control system is able to logically process a program defined by control codes or other symbolic instructions, and to decode it, expressed in coded numbers, and input to the numerical control device via the information carrier. The numerical control device sends out various control signals to control the action of the machine tool through operation processing, and parts are automatically machined according to the shape and the size required by the drawing. The numerical control machine tool well solves the problems of complex, precise, small batch and multiple kinds of part processing, is a flexible and high-efficiency automatic machine tool, represents the development direction of the modern machine tool control technology, and is a typical electromechanical integrated product.
The numerical control machine tool should ensure the quality of the processed parts in the processing process and simultaneously give consideration to the efficiency. In the actual machining process, because the quality of the machined part is influenced by materials and shapes, and by combining machining processes, software, control modes and the like, the numerical control machine is not machined according to control expectations after being started up under the influence of the factors, such as deformation and abrasion of props, vibration and the like, and machining errors or machine tool damage can be caused.
In the existing numerical control machine tool regulation and control method, the method comprises the self-adaptive control of machine tool process parameters, for example, the invention patent with publication number of CN117250912A discloses a self-adaptive control method of machine tool process parameters based on multi-neural network fusion, which can realize the fusion of the inhibition of chatter in the self-adaptive control process of machine tool process parameters, avoid a complex chatter identification method, ensure the processing quality of parts while improving the processing efficiency, and meet the high-quality and high-efficiency processing requirements of parts with uneven processing allowance; the invention also discloses a high-precision numerical control machine tool based on artificial intelligence, for example, the invention patent with publication number of CN117226546A discloses a high-precision numerical control machine tool realized by artificial intelligence. In addition, in the existing numerical control machine tool regulation and control method, the feed is regulated in a track and coordinate mode, so that the machining quality is improved. However, the existing regulation and control mode still has the problems of single parameter monitoring, no fusion treatment of multiple parameters, no dynamic and systematic regulation and control, insufficient precision and lower efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a dynamic regulation and control method and a dynamic regulation and control system for a numerical control machine tool, which can realize dynamic regulation and control of the numerical control machine tool, can fuse multiple parameters to carry out dynamic regulation and control in the processing and the processing process of multiple parts, are convenient for analysis and control, improve the precision and ensure the efficiency.
The invention provides a dynamic regulation and control method of a numerical control machine tool, which comprises the following steps in sequence:
(1) Designing a drawing of the processing part based on the attribute parameters of the processing part, and writing a numerical control program according to the processing parameter requirements;
(2) Loading a numerical control program to a control system of a numerical control machine tool, and setting machine tool parameters based on attribute parameters and machining parameter requirements of a machined part; installing a cutter and calibrating the cutter based on coordinate axes;
(3) Setting a preset track in a processing front stroke of a processing part based on a calibration result and a processing path, writing a preset track numerical control program based on the preset track, and loading the program into a control system of a numerical control machine tool to partially replace the processing front stroke track;
(4) Starting a numerical control machine tool to start machining, measuring coordinate changes of a preset track travel and generating a pre-preset track measurement diagram; real-time monitoring the processing process of the numerical control machine tool, and real-time adjusting the numerical control machine tool based on a monitoring structure;
(5) After the processing of the processing part is completed, setting the preset track in the processing stroke of the processing part in the same way as in the step (3), and replacing the processing stroke track; measuring the coordinate change of a preset track stroke in the post-processing stroke, and generating a post-preset track measurement diagram based on the coordinate change;
(6) And comparing the front and rear preset track measurement graphs, analyzing the change degree of the front and rear preset tracks, and correcting and adjusting the numerical control machine based on the change degree and the flutter parameters.
The preset track comprises a limited random track and a standard path track, wherein the end point of the limited random track is connected with the starting point of the standard path track.
Wherein, the attribute parameters in the step (1) include materials, shapes and sizes, and the processing parameters include path track, speed and depth.
Wherein the machine tool parameters include a speed parameter and a tool parameter.
Wherein, the step (3) specifically comprises the following steps:
(3.1) setting a preset track comprising a limited random track and a standard path track, wherein the end point of the limited random track is connected with the starting point of the standard path track, and the standard path track is the preset track;
(3.2) writing a preset track numerical control program based on the preset track, and loading the preset track numerical control program to a control system of the numerical control machine tool;
(3.3) replacing the machining front path track of the machining part with the preset track portion.
Wherein, the partial replacement of the pre-set track in the step (3.3) is to set the starting point of the random track at a base point in the pre-processing track, and set the end point of the standard track at the base point.
Wherein, the step (4) specifically comprises the following steps:
(4.1) collecting processing path parameters and vibration parameters according to a preset time period, wherein the processing path parameters comprise path position parameters and speed parameters, and the vibration parameters comprise vibration times and amplitude;
(4.2) respectively drawing a time-path position diagram and a time-flutter amplitude diagram by taking time as a reference;
(4.3) comparing the time-path position diagram with a processing track correspondingly set by the numerical control program according to a time period, and calculating a path error value;
(4.4) comparing the time-vibration amplitude graph with a preset time-vibration amplitude threshold curve, and calculating the number of vibration amplitudes exceeding the corresponding vibration amplitude threshold on a time axis in the time-vibration amplitude graph; the preset time-flutter amplitude threshold curve is preset based on the attribute parameters and the processing requirement parameters of the numerical control machine tool previously;
(4.5) determining whether to adjust based on the path error value and the number of chatter amplitude thresholds in the time period.
In step (4.5), whether to adjust is specifically determined by determining whether the magnitude of the error value and the number of the vibration amplitude thresholds exceed the thresholds at the same time.
Wherein, the step (5) specifically comprises the following steps:
(5.1) after the processing of the processing part is completed, setting a preset track at the same position as the preset track set by the processing front stroke in the processing rear stroke of the processing part;
And (5.2) setting the original end point of the standard path track at a base point in the processed path track, and setting the original start point of the random track at the base point, wherein the original start point of the standard path track is connected with the original end point of the limited random track.
The invention also provides a dynamic regulation and control system of the numerical control machine tool, which is realized by using the dynamic regulation and control method of the numerical control machine tool.
The method and the system for dynamically regulating and controlling the numerical control machine tool can realize the following steps:
1) The fusion of multiple parameters is timely adjusted in the processing process of processing the parts and in the processing process of batch parts, so that the precision is improved to dynamically regulate and control, analysis and control are convenient, and the efficiency is ensured while the precision is improved;
2) In the front and back strokes of processing, a preset track mode is added, and the combination of the random track mode and the preset track mode enables the dynamic efficiency of processing to be higher, and the data is convenient to analyze and process; meanwhile, in the processing process of the parts, the time line is used for monitoring and processing multiple parameters, so that the adjustment precision and the processing precision are effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a dynamic control method of a numerical control machine.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention is provided for the purpose of further illustrating the invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, as numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention as described above will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a dynamic regulation and control method and a dynamic regulation and control system of a numerical control machine tool, wherein the flow of the dynamic regulation and control method of the numerical control machine tool is shown in figure 1. As shown in fig. 1, the flow of the dynamic regulation and control method of the numerical control machine tool is specifically described below.
The invention provides a dynamic regulation and control method of a numerical control machine tool, which comprises the following steps in sequence:
Firstly, designing a drawing of a processing part based on attribute parameters of the processing part, and writing a numerical control program according to the processing parameter requirements; wherein, for attribute parameters, including the material, shape and size of the processing component, the processing parameters include path track, speed and depth of the numerical control machine tool, etc. The programming of the numerical control program can be performed according to the parameter requirements of the numerical control machine tool, and the adaptive program is correspondingly programmed.
Secondly, loading a numerical control program to a control system of the numerical control machine tool, and setting machine tool parameters based on the attribute parameters and the machining parameter requirements of the machined parts. Wherein the machine tool parameters include speed parameters, tool parameters, etc., and the property parameters may include material, size, performance parameters, etc. of the tool.
Then, the tool is mounted and calibrated based on the coordinate axes. The mounting mode of the cutter can adopt a manual or automatic mode, the mounting position of the cutter is noticed during manual mounting, and the mounting is strictly carried out according to the standard, so that errors and damages caused by improper manual operation are prevented, and the corresponding cutter is selected from a preset cutter rest for mounting during automatic mounting.
In the process of machining, the machining part is usually machined by a cutter through a certain stroke, and in the existing mode, a preset track calibration with high precision is not available. Therefore, after the tool is installed, a preset track is set in the processing front stroke of the processing part based on the calibration result and the processing path, wherein the preset track comprises a limited random track and a standard stroke track, the end point of the limited random track is connected with the starting point of the standard stroke track, the generation of the limited random track can be generated by a random generator, but it is required to explain that the limited random track is not completely random, the limited random track is randomly generated in a certain parameter setting range, and the parameter setting range is based on parameters of a numerical control machine tool, such as the processing range and the like. The standard path track is a preset track, and can be preset after being selected according to actual conditions, so that the standard path track can be accurately and effectively connected with the processing path. Because the standard path track is a preset track and the path is controllable, the standard path track is arranged at the rear end, so that the action track can be effectively controlled, and the processing part is not influenced. The random track and the standard path track are both arranged in the travel before machining and in the machining range of the numerical control machine tool, and the track space of the random track and the standard path track is arranged in the space before the numerical control machine tool starts the cutter to the machined part, so that the machined part is not affected.
And writing a preset track numerical control program based on the preset track, and loading the preset track numerical control program to a control system of the numerical control machine tool to partially replace the machining front-stroke track of the machining part. In a preferred manner, the preset track portion replaces the processing front track by setting the start point of the random track at a base point in the processing front track, and setting the end point of the standard track at the base point. At this time, the preset track is executed from the base point, and the preset track returns to the base point after the preset track is finished, and the track of the pre-processing travel of the part to be processed is increased by a preset track travel. It should be noted that, by adding the preset track to the track of the pre-processing stroke, the invention can form a contrast analysis of the front-back change, and can also be used as verification and correction of the track (the post-processing track is introduced later). Therefore, the accuracy of the processing track can be dynamically determined and regulated, and the processing track can be timely regulated when the next processing part is repeatedly processed, so that the accuracy is improved.
Next, starting the numerical control machine tool to start machining, measuring the coordinate change of the preset track, and generating a pre-preset track measurement map based on the coordinate change. The method comprises the steps of monitoring the machining process of the numerical control machine tool in real time, and collecting machining path parameters and vibration parameters according to a preset time period, wherein the machining path parameters comprise path position parameters and speed parameters, and the vibration parameters comprise vibration times and amplitude. And respectively drawing a time-path position diagram and a time-vibration amplitude diagram by taking time as a reference, comparing the time-path position diagram with a processing track corresponding to a numerical control program according to a time period, calculating a path error value, simultaneously comparing the time-vibration amplitude diagram with a preset time-vibration amplitude threshold curve, and calculating the number of vibration amplitude exceeding a corresponding vibration amplitude threshold value on a time axis in the time-vibration amplitude diagram, wherein the preset time-vibration amplitude threshold curve is preset based on the attribute parameters and the processing requirement parameters of the numerical control machine tool in advance, the processing track can be selected according to actual conditions, and the time period is formed after the actual uniform segmentation based on the length of the time axis. Based on the path error value and the number of the vibration amplitude thresholds in the time period, whether to adjust is determined, and specifically whether the magnitude of the error value and the number of the vibration amplitude thresholds exceed the thresholds at the same time can be determined.
Finally, after the processing of the processing part is completed, the cutter can be reset after a certain back stroke. Therefore, after the cutter finishes processing, the preset track is arranged at the same position as the preset track arranged in the processing front stroke in the processing rear stroke of the processing part, and the processing rear stroke track of the processing part is replaced by the same part, namely the same preset track is arranged in the processing rear stroke of the processing part in the same way as the preset track arranged in the processing rear stroke of the processing part. At this time, the front and rear track strokes are opposite, the corresponding limited random track and standard track are arranged in the form of the reverse original track, but the original track return path is changed in a flourishing way due to the deviation generated after processing, so that the numerical control machine tool can be effectively corrected by adjusting based on the change. In a preferred mode, the preset track part replaces the post-processing travel track, namely, the original end point of the standard track is arranged at a base point in the post-processing travel track, meanwhile, the original starting point of the random track is also arranged at the base point, and the original starting point of the standard track is connected with the original end point of the limited random track.
And measuring the coordinate change of a preset track stroke in the post-processing stroke, and generating a post-preset track measurement diagram based on the coordinate change. And comparing the front and rear preset track measurement graphs, analyzing the change degree of the front and rear preset tracks, and correcting and adjusting the numerical control machine based on the change degree and the flutter parameters. It should be noted that the vibration parameters include vibration times and amplitude, the more the times are, the worse the stability is, the larger the amplitude deviation is, the higher the deviation degree is, therefore, after comparing the front and back preset track measurement graphs, the invention combines the vibration parameters, and the two are combined to integrally process the digital control machine tool in the unprocessed stage, so that the vibration times and amplitude are reduced in the subsequent processing process, thereby dynamically realizing adjustment, achieving stable balance, finally realizing high-precision dynamic regulation, preparing the next processing component for mass production, and improving the precision and efficiency.
Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions, and the like, can be made in the form and detail without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as disclosed in the accompanying claims, all such modifications are intended to be within the scope of the invention as disclosed in the accompanying claims, and the various steps of the invention in the various departments and methods of the claimed product can be combined together in any combination. Therefore, the description of the embodiments disclosed in the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but is used to describe the present invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is not limited by the above embodiments, but is defined by the claims or equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. The dynamic control method of the numerical control machine tool is characterized by comprising the following steps sequentially carried out:
(1) Designing a drawing of the processing part based on the attribute parameters of the processing part, and writing a numerical control program according to the processing parameter requirements;
(2) Loading a numerical control program to a control system of a numerical control machine tool, and setting machine tool parameters based on attribute parameters and machining parameter requirements of a machined part; installing a cutter and calibrating the cutter based on coordinate axes;
(3) Setting a preset track in a processing front stroke of a processing part based on a calibration result and a processing path, writing a preset track numerical control program based on the preset track, and loading the program into a control system of a numerical control machine tool to partially replace the processing front stroke track;
(4) Starting a numerical control machine tool to start machining, measuring coordinate changes of a preset track travel and generating a pre-preset track measurement diagram; real-time monitoring the processing process of the numerical control machine tool, and real-time adjusting the numerical control machine tool based on a monitoring structure;
(5) After the processing of the processing part is completed, setting the preset track in the processing stroke of the processing part in the same way as in the step (3), and partially replacing the processing stroke track; measuring the coordinate change of a preset track stroke in the post-processing stroke, and generating a post-preset track measurement diagram based on the coordinate change;
(6) Comparing the front and rear preset track measurement graphs, analyzing the change degree of the front and rear preset tracks, and correcting and adjusting the numerical control machine based on the change degree and the flutter parameters;
wherein, the step (3) specifically comprises the following steps:
(3.1) setting a preset track comprising a limited random track and a standard path track, wherein the end point of the limited random track is connected with the starting point of the standard path track, and the standard path track is the preset track;
(3.2) writing a preset track numerical control program based on the preset track, and loading the preset track numerical control program to a control system of the numerical control machine tool;
(3.3) replacing the machining front path track of the machining part with the preset track portion;
The step (3.3) of replacing the pre-processing travel track by the preset track part is to set the starting point of the random track at a base point in the pre-processing travel track, and simultaneously set the end point of the standard travel track at the base point;
the step (4) specifically comprises the following steps:
(4.1) collecting processing path parameters and vibration parameters according to a preset time period, wherein the processing path parameters comprise path position parameters and speed parameters, and the vibration parameters comprise vibration times and amplitude;
(4.2) respectively drawing a time-path position diagram and a time-flutter amplitude diagram by taking time as a reference;
(4.3) comparing the time-path position diagram with a processing track correspondingly set by the numerical control program according to a time period, and calculating a path error value;
(4.4) comparing the time-vibration amplitude graph with a preset time-vibration amplitude threshold curve, and calculating the number of vibration amplitudes exceeding the corresponding vibration amplitude threshold on a time axis in the time-vibration amplitude graph; the preset time-flutter amplitude threshold curve is preset based on the attribute parameters and the processing requirement parameters of the numerical control machine tool previously;
(4.5) determining whether to adjust based on the path error value and the number of chatter amplitude thresholds in the time period;
In the step (4.5), whether to adjust is specifically determined by judging whether the magnitude of the error value and the number of the vibration amplitude thresholds exceed the thresholds at the same time.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the preset track comprises a limited random track and a standard path track, wherein the end point of the limited random track is connected with the starting point of the standard path track.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the attribute parameters in the step (1) include materials, shapes and sizes, and the processing parameters include path track, speed and depth.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: machine tool parameters include speed parameters and tool parameters.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein: the step (5) specifically comprises the following steps:
(5.1) after the processing of the processing part is completed, setting a preset track at the same position as the preset track set by the processing front stroke in the processing rear stroke of the processing part;
And (5.2) setting the original end point of the standard path track at a base point in the processed path track, and setting the original start point of the random track at the base point, wherein the original start point of the standard path track is connected with the original end point of the limited random track.
6. A numerical control machine dynamic regulation and control system is characterized in that: the system is realized by the dynamic regulation and control method of the numerical control machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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