CN101320337A - Timer and its implementing method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a timer and an implement method that is used for a multi-task system. The timer comprises a setup unit, a timing unit, a counting unit and an execution unit. The setup unit is used for setting up the timing time and the time zero of multiple tasks. The timing unit is used for setting up a timing cycle according to the timing time of the multiple tasks. The counting unit is used for setting up maximum timing count based on the timing time and the timing cycle of the multiple tasks; counts numbers according to the time zero and sends out the information of task execution at the end of timing time. The execution unit is used for receiving the information of the task execution and executing the task corresponding to the task execution information by a preset method according to the task execution information. In the invention, only a timer can perform reasonable and orderly management for the multiple masks in the system, thus reducing system resource occupied by the timer, improving system execution efficiency and decreasing difficulty in testing and maintaining the timer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to computer realm, relates in particular to a kind of timer and its implementation.
Background technology
Timer, the important component part as in the computer system is widely used.By the fixed cycle operator of timer, thereby make the computer system can be accurately and carry out each task without any confusion.
Timer mainly comprises timing unit and counting unit two parts.
For timing unit, generally comprise figure place and be 8,16 or 32 s' timing unit, the designer selects the timing unit of corresponding figure place according to actual needs, sets the time of day duration simultaneously, i.e. timing cycle T.Timing cycle T is as the machine cycle of the instruction that adds up in the computer system, by the microcontroller (MCU in the computer system, Micro Control Unit) crystal oscillator frequency decision, existing a lot of microcontroller such as single-chip microcomputer etc. all have predetermined crystal oscillator frequency, but crystal oscillator frequency is higher than the actual operating frequency of computer system far away, therefore, need realize setting to timing cycle T by crystal oscillator frequency being carried out suitable frequency division, for example, crystal oscillator frequency is carried out 1/2 or 1/4 frequency division.
For counting unit, the designer is according to the maximum count frequency n of predetermined timing t design counting unit.After timer is activated, counter begins counting from initial value " 0 ", because 1 operation that adds each time in the counting process all needs to take a timing cycle T, therefore, when the rolling counters forward number of times reaches maximum timing frequency n time, when promptly predetermined timing t equals timing time n * T, trigger the task of interrupting carrying out at this time point.
In single-chip microcomputer, often adopt 8,16 or 32 s' register to design timer, overflow the realization timing function by register.That is to say that after timer was activated, its count value was constantly carried out from initial value " 0 " and added 1 operation, when the numerical value of accumulative total causes the storage unit of register to be overflowed, triggers the task of interrupting carrying out at this time point.For example, in 16 timer, when counting unit becomes binary number 0xFFFF, do not produce interruption this moment, and add 1 when finishing at counting next time, because this time counting adds 1 and cause the storage unit of timer to be overflowed, thereby trigger the task of interrupting carrying out at this time point.
In the prior art, usually in computer system, set a plurality of timers and come a plurality of task executions of control and management.For example, according to setting a plurality of timers in the computer system that do not coexist of task execution time point with different timing cycle and maximum timing number of times.This computer system, because the use of a plurality of timers has not only taken bigger system resource, and it is relatively low to carry out efficient, in addition, has increased timer in test with the difficulty aspect safeguarding.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of timer and its implementation, reach the purpose of a plurality of task executions in the system being carried out the rational and orderly management by a timer.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of timer, be applied to comprise the system of a plurality of tasks, having comprised:
Setup unit is used to set the timing and the time zero of described a plurality of tasks;
Timing unit is used for setting timing cycle according to described timing;
Counting unit is used for setting maximum timing number of times according to described timing and described timing cycle, and counts according to described time zero, and when described timing finished, the transmission task was carried out message;
Performance element is used to receive described task and carries out message, and carries out message according to described task and trigger execution and the corresponding task of described task execution message in a predefined manner.
According to a kind of feature of the present invention, described setup unit is set at described time zero with the initial time point.
According to another kind of feature of the present invention, described a plurality of tasks comprise current task and the last task adjacent with current task at least; Described setup unit is set at the triggered time point of the described last task adjacent with current task the described time zero of described current task.
According to another kind of feature of the present invention, described counting unit is calculated highest common factor according to the described timing of described a plurality of tasks, and described highest common factor is set at described timing cycle.
According to another kind of feature of the present invention, described predetermined way is the pointer mode.
According to a further aspect in the invention, provide a kind of implementation method of timer, be applied to comprise that the system of a plurality of tasks comprises:
Set the timing and the time zero of described a plurality of tasks;
Set timing cycle according to described timing;
Set maximum timing number of times according to described timing and described timing cycle, and count according to described time zero, when described timing finished, the transmission task was carried out message.
Receive described task and carry out message, and carry out message trigger according to described task and carry out and the corresponding task of described task execution message.
According to a kind of feature of the present invention, the time zero of a plurality of tasks of described setting is: the initial time point is set at described time zero.
According to another kind of feature of the present invention, described a plurality of tasks comprise current task and the last task adjacent with current task at least; The time zero of a plurality of tasks of described setting is: the described time zero that the triggered time point of the described last task adjacent with current task is set at described current task.
According to another kind of feature of the present invention, described timing according to a plurality of tasks is set timing cycle and is: the described timing according to described a plurality of tasks calculates highest common factor, and described highest common factor is set at described timing cycle.
According to another kind of feature of the present invention, described predetermined way is the pointer mode.
The described timer of the embodiment of the invention and its implementation, only with regard to realizing a plurality of task executions in the system are carried out the management of rational and orderly by a timer, reduced taking to system resource, improve system and carried out efficient, reduced the difficulty of timer being tested and safeguarded the aspect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of timer 1 in the present invention's first specific embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the implementation method of timer 1 in the present invention's first specific embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart of timer 3 in the present invention's second specific embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of the implementation method of timer 3 in the present invention's second specific embodiment.
Embodiment
Describe specific embodiments of the invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of timer 1 in the present invention's first specific embodiment.Among Fig. 1,
Timer 1 comprises: setup unit 101, timing unit 102, counting unit 103 and performance element 104, wherein,
| Task names | Timing | Time zero |
| First task | 50 milliseconds | The initial time point |
| Second task | 150 milliseconds | The initial time point |
| The 3rd task | 100 milliseconds | The initial time point |
| The 4th task | 200 milliseconds | The initial time point |
Table 1
Three important component parts in the table 1 are respectively task names, time zero and timing, are specifically described as follows:
Current system comprises four tasks: first task, second task, the 3rd task, the 4th task.These four tasks need trigger execution through different timings, specifically trigger implementation and are:
With the initial time point is time zero, every through behind 50 milliseconds the timing, triggers and carries out a first task;
With the initial time point is time zero, every through behind 150 milliseconds the timing, triggers one time second task of carrying out;
With the initial time point is time zero, every through behind 100 milliseconds the timing, triggers an order three tasks of carrying out;
With the initial time point is time zero, every through behind 200 milliseconds the timing, triggers an order four tasks of carrying out.
For example, because in the task scheduler that setup unit 101 is created, the timing of first task is 50 milliseconds, the timing of second task is 150 milliseconds, the timing of the 3rd task is 100 milliseconds, the timing of the 4th task is 200 milliseconds, therefore, and 50 milliseconds of timing cycles that are this timing unit 102 of the highest common factor of the timing of above-mentioned four tasks.
Usually, the designer sets the timing cycle of timer as required, in the present embodiment, only the timing cycle of timer need be set at 50 milliseconds, and promptly timer will trigger once the interruption to carry out corresponding task every 50 milliseconds.Certainly do not get rid of the designer yet and design timer according to the corresponding timing cycle of different timing selection of time of carrying out a plurality of required by task in the system.For example, when being respectively 50 milliseconds, 60 milliseconds, 70 milliseconds, 80 milliseconds for the timing of a plurality of tasks in the system, because 50 milliseconds, 60 milliseconds, 70 milliseconds, 80 milliseconds highest common factors are 10 milliseconds, therefore, it is 10 milliseconds timer that the designer then needs to select timing cycle.
For task executions, can adopt multiple mode, for example, when timer finishes at timing, trigger the interrupt notification processor in the mode of task pointer and carry out the task corresponding with this timing.
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the implementation method of timer 1 in the present invention's first specific embodiment, and concrete implementation step is as follows:
Step 201 is set the timing and the time zero of a plurality of tasks according to system's needs, enters step 202.
In this step, need in the management system every task carrying out by setting up task scheduler.This task scheduler comprises: task names, time zero and timing wherein, are set at the initial time point time zero of current task.
For example, current system comprises four tasks: first task, second task, the 3rd task, the 4th task.These four tasks need trigger execution through different timings, specifically trigger implementation and are:
With the initial time point is time zero, every through behind 50 milliseconds the timing, triggers and carries out a first task;
With the initial time point is time zero, every through behind 150 milliseconds the timing, triggers one time second task of carrying out;
With the initial time point is time zero, every through behind 100 milliseconds the timing, triggers an order three tasks of carrying out;
With the initial time point is time zero, every through behind 200 milliseconds the timing, triggers an order four tasks of carrying out.
Step 202 is set timing cycle according to the timing of a plurality of tasks, enters step 203.
For example, because in the task scheduler of step 201, the timing of first task is 50 milliseconds, the timing of second task is 150 milliseconds, the timing of the 3rd task is 100 milliseconds, the timing of the 4th task is 200 milliseconds, and therefore, the highest common factor of the timing of above-mentioned four tasks is timing cycle for 50 milliseconds.
Usually, the designer sets the timing cycle of timer as required, in the present embodiment, only the timing cycle of timer need be set at 50 milliseconds, and promptly timer will trigger once the interruption to carry out corresponding task every 50 milliseconds.Certainly do not get rid of the designer yet and design timer according to the corresponding timing cycle of different timing selection of time of carrying out a plurality of required by task in the system.For example, when being respectively 50 milliseconds, 60 milliseconds, 70 milliseconds, 80 milliseconds for the timing of a plurality of tasks in the system, because 50 milliseconds, 60 milliseconds, 70 milliseconds, 80 milliseconds highest common factors are 10 milliseconds, therefore, it is 10 milliseconds timer that the designer then needs to select timing cycle.
Step 203, set maximum timing number of times and count according to the timing of a plurality of tasks and timing cycle, when timing finishes, promptly when counts reaches maximum timing number of times according to the time zero of setting, the transmission task is carried out message, enters step 204.
For example, for four tasks of said system, wherein,
With the triggered time point of carrying out the 4th task serves as that the counting starting point is counted, and when counts reaches 4, promptly through after 200 milliseconds, sends first task and carries out message;
With the triggered time point of carrying out first task serves as that the counting starting point is counted, and when counts reached 1, promptly through after 50 milliseconds, second task that sends was carried out message;
With the triggered time point of carrying out second task serves as that the counting starting point is counted, and when counts reached 3, promptly through after 150 milliseconds, the 3rd task that sends was carried out message;
With the triggered time point of carrying out the 3rd task serves as that the counting starting point is counted, and when counts reached 2, promptly through after 100 milliseconds, the 4th task that sends was carried out message.
Step 204, the reception task is carried out message, carries out message trigger according to this task and carries out and the corresponding task of this task execution message.For example,
Carry out message trigger according to first task and carry out first task;
Carry out message trigger according to second task and carry out second task;
Carry out message trigger according to the 3rd task and carry out the 3rd task;
Carry out message trigger according to the 4th task and carry out the 4th task.
Though the technical scheme of first embodiment of the invention has only been described the system that comprises four different tasks, 50 milliseconds timing cycle, time span are respectively 50 milliseconds, 150 milliseconds, 100 milliseconds, 200 milliseconds timing, but do not mean that the present invention only limits to this, the designer can be according to the technical scheme of first embodiment of the invention, at the system that comprises a plurality of different tasks, according to system's needs, timer is set, thereby a plurality of task executions in the system are managed by a timer.
Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart of timer 3 in the present invention's second specific embodiment.Among Fig. 3,
Timer 3 comprises: setup unit 301, timing unit 302, counting unit 303 and performance element 304, wherein,
Wherein, a plurality of tasks in the system comprise current task and the last task adjacent with current task at least; Setup unit 301 will be adjacent with current task the triggered time point of last task be set at the time zero of current task.
| Task names | Timing | Time zero |
| First task | 200 milliseconds | The triggered time point of the 4th task |
| Second task | 50 milliseconds | The triggered time point of first task |
| The 3rd task | 150 milliseconds | The triggered time point of second task |
| The 4th task | 100 milliseconds | The triggered time point of the 3rd task |
Table 2
Three important component parts in the table 2 are respectively task names, time zero and timing, are specifically described as follows:
Current system comprises four tasks: first task, second task, the 3rd task, the 4th task.These four tasks need trigger execution through different timings, specifically trigger implementation and are:
For first task, when just starting, be time zero with the initial time point in system; After four tasks in system all are performed once, be time zero then, behind 200 milliseconds timing, trigger and carry out first task with the time point that triggers the 4th task of execution.
For second task, be time zero to trigger the time point of carrying out first task, behind 50 milliseconds timing, trigger second task of execution;
For the 3rd task, be time zero with the time point that triggers second task of execution, behind 150 milliseconds timing, trigger the 3rd task of execution;
For the 4th task, be time zero with the time point that triggers the 3rd task of execution, behind 100 milliseconds timing, trigger the 4th task of execution.
System moves in circles in the manner described above and carries out above-mentioned four tasks.
For example, because in above-mentioned task scheduler, triggering the timing of carrying out first task is 200 milliseconds, the timing that triggers second task of execution is 50 milliseconds, the timing that triggers the 3rd task of execution is 150 milliseconds, the timing that triggers the 4th task of execution is 100 milliseconds, therefore, and 50 milliseconds of timing cycles that are this timing unit 302 of the highest common factor of the timing of above-mentioned four tasks.
Usually, the designer sets the timing cycle of timer as required, in the present embodiment, only the timing cycle of timer need be set at 50 milliseconds, and promptly timer will trigger once the interruption to carry out corresponding task every 50 milliseconds.Certainly do not get rid of the designer yet and design timer according to the corresponding timing cycle of different timing selection of time of carrying out a plurality of required by task in the system.For example, when being respectively 50 milliseconds, 60 milliseconds, 70 milliseconds, 80 milliseconds for the timing of a plurality of tasks in the system, because 50 milliseconds, 60 milliseconds, 70 milliseconds, 80 milliseconds highest common factors are 10 milliseconds, therefore, it is 10 milliseconds timer that the designer then needs to select timing cycle.
Counting unit 303, be used for setting maximum timing number of times and counting according to the time zero of setting according to the timing of a plurality of tasks and timing cycle, when timing finished, promptly when counts reached maximum timing number of times, the transmission task was carried out message and counts is carried out zero clearing.
Counting unit 303 draws the maximum timing number of times of a plurality of tasks according to the task scheduler of setup unit 301 foundation and the timing cycle of timing unit 302 settings.
For example, for four tasks of said system, wherein,
The maximum timing number of times of first task is that the maximum timing number of times of 4, the second tasks is that the maximum timing number of times of 1, the three task is that the maximum timing number of times of 3, the four tasks is 2.
Counting unit 303 serves as that the counting starting point is counted with the triggered time point of carrying out the 4th task, when counts reaches 4, promptly through after 200 milliseconds, sends first task and carries out message;
Counting unit 303 serves as that the counting starting point is counted with the triggered time point of carrying out first task, and when counts reached 1, promptly through after 50 milliseconds, second task that sends was carried out message;
Counting unit 303 serves as that the counting starting point is counted with the triggered time point of carrying out second task, and when counts reached 3, promptly through after 150 milliseconds, the 3rd task that sends was carried out message;
Counting unit 303 serves as that the counting starting point is counted with the triggered time point of carrying out the 3rd task, and when counts reached 2, promptly through after 100 milliseconds, the 4th task that sends was carried out message.
For the execution of each task in the said system, can adopt multiple mode, for example, when timer finishes at timing, trigger the interrupt notification processor in the mode of task pointer and carry out the task corresponding with this timing.In practical work process, every task all is a function, and all corresponding entry address of each function, by designing in an array with the respectively a plurality of one to one entry addresses of the multi-task, when timer when timing finishes, timer finds the entry address that needs to trigger carrying out of task by the pointer redirect, carries out the task corresponding with this entry address according to entry address pointer triggering terminal notification processor.
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of the implementation method of timer 3 in the present invention's second specific embodiment, and concrete implementation step is as follows:
Step 401 is set the timing and the time zero of a plurality of tasks according to system's needs, enters step 402.
In this step, need in the management system every task carrying out by setting up task scheduler.This task scheduler comprises: task names, timing and time zero, and wherein, a plurality of tasks in the system comprise current task and the last task adjacent with current task at least; The triggered time point of last task that will be adjacent with current task is set at the time zero of current task.
Current system comprises four tasks: first task, second task, the 3rd task, the 4th task.These four tasks need trigger execution through different timings, specifically trigger implementation and are:
For first task, when just starting, be time zero with the initial time point in system; After four tasks in system all are performed once, be time zero then, behind 200 milliseconds timing, trigger and carry out first task with the time point that triggers the 4th task of execution.
For second task, be time zero to trigger the time point of carrying out first task, behind 50 milliseconds timing, trigger second task of execution;
For the 3rd task, be time zero with the time point that triggers second task of execution, behind 150 milliseconds timing, trigger the 3rd task of execution;
For the 4th task, be time zero with the time point that triggers the 3rd task of execution, behind 100 milliseconds timing, trigger the 4th task of execution.
System moves in circles in the manner described above and carries out above-mentioned four tasks.
Step 402 is set timing cycle according to the timing of a plurality of tasks, enters step 403.
For example, because in the task scheduler in step 401, triggering the timing of carrying out first task is 200 milliseconds, the timing that triggers second task of execution is 50 milliseconds, the timing that triggers the 3rd task of execution is 150 milliseconds, the timing that triggers the 4th task of execution is 100 milliseconds, and therefore, the highest common factor of the timing of above-mentioned four tasks is a timing cycle for 50 milliseconds.
Usually, the designer sets the timing cycle of timer as required, in the present embodiment, only the timing cycle of timer need be set at 50 milliseconds, and promptly timer will trigger once the interruption to carry out corresponding task every 50 milliseconds.Certainly do not get rid of the designer yet and design timer according to the corresponding timing cycle of different timing selection of time of carrying out a plurality of required by task in the system.For example, when being respectively 50 milliseconds, 60 milliseconds, 70 milliseconds, 80 milliseconds for the timing of a plurality of tasks in the system, because 50 milliseconds, 60 milliseconds, 70 milliseconds, 80 milliseconds highest common factors are 10 milliseconds, therefore, it is 10 milliseconds timer that the designer then needs to select timing cycle.
Carry out message trigger according to first task and carry out first task;
Carry out message trigger according to second task and carry out second task;
Carry out message trigger according to the 3rd task and carry out the 3rd task;
Carry out message trigger according to the 4th task and carry out the 4th task.
Though the technical scheme of the present invention's second specific embodiment has only been described the system that comprises four different tasks, 50 milliseconds timing cycle, time span are respectively 50 milliseconds, 150 milliseconds, 100 milliseconds, 200 milliseconds timing, but do not mean that the present invention only limits to this, the designer can be according to the technical scheme of second embodiment of the invention, at the system that comprises a plurality of different tasks, according to system's needs, timer is set, thereby a plurality of task executions in the system are managed by a timer.
Counting unit in first, second specific embodiment of the present invention is by setting the maximum count number of times, whether reach the maximum count number of times and come the transmission task to carry out message to add 1 operation judges, can certainly subtract 1 operation judges counts and whether reduced to 0 and come the transmission task to carry out message by setting the maximum count number of times, adopting.
Timer in the embodiment of the invention not only can be that the timer of example, in hardware can also be the timer of form of software, the function of timer and type can design as required, as linear timer with thread function, cycle timer with circulatory function has the condition timer of condition triggering function etc.
The described timer of the embodiment of the invention and its implementation, only realize a plurality of task executions in the system are carried out the management of rational and orderly by a timer, minimizing takies system resource, and the raising system carries out efficient, has reduced the difficulty of timer being tested and safeguarded the aspect.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is in order to restriction the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of being done, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. timer is applied to comprise it is characterized in that the system of a plurality of tasks, comprising:
Setup unit is used to set the timing and the time zero of described a plurality of tasks;
Timing unit is used for setting timing cycle according to described timing;
Counting unit is used for setting maximum timing number of times according to described timing and described timing cycle, and counts according to described time zero, and when described timing finished, the transmission task was carried out message;
Performance element is used to receive described task and carries out message, and carries out message according to described task and trigger execution and the corresponding task of described task execution message in a predefined manner.
2. timer according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described setup unit is set at described time zero with the initial time point.
3. timer according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described a plurality of task comprises current task and the last task adjacent with current task at least;
Described setup unit is set at the triggered time point of the described last task adjacent with current task the described time zero of described current task.
4. timer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described counting unit is calculated highest common factor according to the described timing of described a plurality of tasks, and described highest common factor is set at described timing cycle.
5. timer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described predetermined way is the pointer mode, wherein, described performance element finds the entry address of carrying out the corresponding task of message with described task by the pointer redirect, triggers according to the entry address pointer and interrupts carrying out the task corresponding with this entry address.
6. the implementation method of a timer is applied to comprise it is characterized in that the system of a plurality of tasks, comprising:
Set the timing and the time zero of described a plurality of tasks;
Set timing cycle according to described timing;
Set maximum timing number of times according to described timing and described timing cycle, and count according to described time zero, when described timing finished, the transmission task was carried out message;
Receive described task and carry out message, and carry out message trigger according to described task and carry out and the corresponding task of described task execution message.
7. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that,
The time zero of a plurality of tasks of described setting is: the initial time point is set at described time zero.
8. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that,
Described a plurality of task comprises current task and the last task adjacent with current task at least;
The time zero of a plurality of tasks of described setting is: the described time zero that the triggered time point of the described last task adjacent with current task is set at described current task.
9. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that,
Described timing according to a plurality of tasks is set timing cycle and is: the described timing according to described a plurality of tasks calculates highest common factor, and described highest common factor is set at described timing cycle.
10. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described predetermined way is the pointer mode,
Wherein, find the entry address of carrying out the corresponding task of message with described task, trigger according to the entry address pointer and interrupt carrying out the task corresponding with this entry address by the pointer redirect.
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2008
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