CN101317554A - Hybrid seeds preparation of Ruditapes philippinarum with radial rib as mark - Google Patents
Hybrid seeds preparation of Ruditapes philippinarum with radial rib as mark Download PDFInfo
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- CN101317554A CN101317554A CNA2008100117518A CN200810011751A CN101317554A CN 101317554 A CN101317554 A CN 101317554A CN A2008100117518 A CNA2008100117518 A CN A2008100117518A CN 200810011751 A CN200810011751 A CN 200810011751A CN 101317554 A CN101317554 A CN 101317554A
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- ruditapes philippinarum
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention provides a Philippine little-clam egg production process which takes radial rib as marks, which takes the quantity property of the radial rib which can be stably inherited as the marks, takes the Philippine little-clam with different shell types as material, and gains the breeding lines and hybrid lines by directive breeding, monomer hybridization and hybridization family establishing. Detailedly, the breeding line comprises shell flat-typed lines with quick growing speed and strong stress resistance; meanwhile, dual-line hybridization of the shell flat-type and shell wide-type lines is carried out so as to gain the middle lines with hybrid advantages; on the basis of the middle typed lines, the hybrid families of three shell typed lines are established, thus further proving that the middle typed lines have excellent properties. The breeding lines and hybrid lines gained by the invention have the advantages of quick growing speed and high survival rate and lays good foundation for improving the Philippine little-clam yield and the type improvement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to utilize this quantitative character of radial rib to be mark, the orderly improvement economic characters obtain the breeding line of merit and hybridize system by directive breeding, monomer hybridization, foundation hybridization family.Specifically, be a kind of effective ways by quantitative character orderly improvement economic characters, be particularly useful for the bigger shellfish of shell mould variance ratio.
Background technology
Shellfish shows the polymorphism of shell mould to a certain extent, and this polymorphism and growth indexes are the main contents of shellfish genetic breeding research as quantitative character.By shell mould and growth indexes correlation analysis, filter out the shell mould that is closely related with economic characters, significant in the shellfish genetic improvement.When biology is promptly being studied genetic variation in the difference in the heredity and with the relation of quantitative character, quantitative character is comprehensively analyzed comparison, studying the relation of morphological characters and genetic mutation and the difference between different groups with more actual parameter, is a hot fields of modern colony genetics research.
Because the shell mould of Ruditapes philippinarum (Ruditapes philippinarum) is very big with environmental change, shell look and shell face decorative pattern are different, and the systematist once was decided to be it many different kinds (Zhuan Qiqian, 2000).Liu Ren finds that along waiting (1999) to inquire into the relation of coastal area of china 6 Ruditapes philippinarum colonies morphological characters and genetic variation there is polymorphic existing property in different geographical population Ruditapes philippinarum shell moulds; Yan Xiwu etc. (2005) are finding that there are notable difference in Dalian colony and Putian colony to Ruditapes philippinarum Putian colony and Dalian Population Biology on shell mould in relatively; Zhang Yuehuan etc. (2006~2008) compare growing of the different shell mould Ruditapes philippinarums of Dalian colony, and carried out the diallel cross of two kinds of extreme shell mould strains, on this basis, set up different shell mould strain clam sons' hybridization family, and therefrom filtered out grow breeding line and hybridization system fast, strong stress resistance.The present invention inquires into the relation that different shell mould Ruditapes philippinarum parents and offspring grow jointly with shell mould and growth indexes, utilizes this quantitative character of radial rib to serve as a mark to the purpose that Ruditapes philippinarum grows, the economic quantities proterties is carried out orderly improvement thereby finally reach.
Summary of the invention
The difference of the radial rib quantity that shows according to the Ruditapes philippinarum shell is divided into two kinds of shell moulds with Ruditapes philippinarum, radial rib be 50~70 be the wide clam of shell, radial rib be 90~120 be the flat clam of shell.The present invention is divided into following three partial contents: the directive breeding of (1) two kind of shell mould Ruditapes philippinarum strain comprises the comparison of growing of the wide clam of shell, the flat clam of shell.Monomer hybridization between (2) two kinds of shell mould strains, the i.e. diallel cross of the flat clam of the wide clam * shell of shell.(3) 3 kinds of hybridization familys of shell mould strain are in twos set up in the first filial generation that obtains by monomer hybridization, comprise the hybridization of the wide clam * osculant of shell, the flat clam of osculant * shell, the flat clam of the wide clam * shell of shell.
Wherein the concrete steps of the directive breeding of two kinds of shell mould Ruditapes philippinarum strains are as follows:
The first step, close shellfish source with choose: from wild population or cultured population, be mark, select radial rib and be the flat clam of shell that 50~70 wide clam of shell and radial rib be 90~120 as reproductive population with the radial rib.
Second step, lay eggs and hatch: when close shellfish gonad maturity, the young close shellfish of different shell mould clams is placed separately, process is dried in the shade, stimulation by running water, be put in the clear cement pit that fresh seawater arranged and lay eggs, in order to improve incubation rate, hatching density is 30~40/ml, under the condition of 20~24 ℃ of temperature, all hatches to D shape larva through 24~26h.
The 3rd step, larva are cultivated: with the net cage seed selection D shape larva of 300 mesh sieve tulles making, 6~8/ml of larva culture density, change water every day 2 times, quantity of exchanged water is 50%, and water temperature is 20.4~23.6 ℃, salinity is 24~28, bait is thrown something and fed 2 times every day, and be pavlova viridis early stage, and the later stage is that pavlova viridis mixes with 1: 1 ratio with chlorella and throws something and feeds, daily ration, feeding quantity is adjusted according to the larva situation of ingesting, and pavlova viridis can be replaced with Zhanjiang Isochrysis galbana.For preventing to mix between the young larva of different shell mould clams, change network of rivers packing list and solely use.In order to eliminate the influence of cultivation density,, regularly culture density is adjusted during this time according to the growing state of larva.
The 4th step, juvenile mollusk are cultivated: behind the larval metamorphosis, breeding condition is with the 3rd step, when juvenile mollusk grows to 60 ages in days, juvenile mollusk packed in the 60 purpose mesh bags, is transferred to outdoor ecological pool and carries out centre and breed, and guarantee every kind of shell mould clam son juvenile mollusk consistent in density;
Breed in the middle of the 5th step, the juvenile mollusk: adopt 60 order mesh bags in ecological pool, to carry out, regularly change mesh bag in proper order, eliminate the influence of mesh, simultaneously density is adjusted, make each repeat density and be consistent the juvenile mollusk growth by 60 orders, 40 orders, 20 purposes;
The 6th step, the above link of process, the clam son strain of two kinds of shell moulds of acquisition first filial generation, next year filial generation gonad maturity can be laid eggs, and second step~the five of repetition goes on foot, thus the acquisition second filial circulated for 3~6 generations, and shell mould is further purified.
Monomer hybridization between two kinds of shell mould strains, the concrete grammar of diallel cross that is the flat clam of the wide clam * shell of shell is as follows: close shellfish source is with the above-mentioned first step, when its close shellfish gonad maturity, by dry in the shade, stimulation by running water, the close shellfish row that begins to lay eggs is smart, the smart individuality of row grabs out with laying eggs, rinse well with running water, be put in the 2.0L Plastic Drum that fills fresh seawater, approximately through 5~15min, place separately to know from experience the row that continues to lay eggs smart.Choose 4 altogether, each one of the wide clam of shell, the flat clam male and female of shell adopt monomer hybridization mode, have set up the diallel cross of the flat clam of the wide clam * shell of shell.Check whether ovum is fertilized prefecundation, the individual ovum of being fertilized discards, and exchanges unfertilized individuality for and hybridizes, and the smart ovum that obtains is combined fertilization, mixes rapidly in the standby Plastic Drum of handling well in advance, stirs.With 150 mesh sieve tulle impurity screenings, change in the 100L bucket and hatch, adjust 4~5/ml of density, the inflation hatching.Each experimental group is strict isolates, and makes it not be subjected to the influence of external smart ovum.Other is with above-mentioned~the five step of the 3rd step.Can obtain the wide clam of the individual shell of selfing, the flat clam of shell and hybridization first filial generation osculant individuality.
Set up the hybrid combination between the shell mould strain in twos, its close shellfish derives from the first filial generation of monomer hybridization between two kinds of shell mould strains, when its close shellfish gonad maturity, with the wide clam of the individual shell of selfing, the flat clam of shell and the hybridization first filial generation osculant individuality that obtains, by dry in the shade, stimulation by running water, the close shellfish row that just begins to lay eggs is smart behind 2~4h, choose 12 altogether, young each 4 of 3 kinds of shell mould clams, thereby 3 hybrid combinations between the shell mould strain have in twos been obtained, i.e. the wide clam * osculant of shell, the flat clam of osculant * shell, the flat clam of the wide clam * shell of shell.Other is with above-mentioned~the five step of the 3rd step.
The present invention need not complex technology importing foreign genes such as transgenosis, can not impact biological and Environmental security.As genetic marker,, make the continuous purifying of shell mould with radial rib, obtain breeding line by directive breeding; Hybridize on this basis, obtain to have the hybridization strain of heterotic outward appearance unanimity.Finally reach and utilize this quantitative character control growing of radial rib, survival proterties, thereby effectively improve economic characters.
Embodiment
Further specify the present invention by embodiment, but be not construed as limiting the invention.
The directive breeding of embodiment 1, two kind of shell mould Ruditapes philippinarum strain comprises the comparison of growing of the wide clam of shell, the flat clam of shell.Its concrete steps are as follows:
The first step, close shellfish source with choose: on May 18th, 2006, from wild population, be mark, select and be in just before giving birth the wide clam of shell of state (50~70 of radial ribs), each 20Kg of the flat clam of shell (90~120 of radial ribs) as reproductive population with the radial rib.
Second goes on foot, lays eggs and hatch: the young close shellfishes of two kinds of shell mould clams are placed separately, and process is dried in the shade, stimulation by running water, is put into the clear cement pit (30m that fresh seawater is arranged
3) in lay eggs.In order to improve incubation rate, hatching density is controlled at 30-40/ml.Under the condition of 20.4~21.2 ℃ of temperature, approximately all hatch to D shape larva through 26h.
The 3rd step, larva are cultivated: with the net cage seed selection D shape larva that 300 mesh sieve tulles are made, and larva culture density 6-8/ml, change water every day 2 times, quantity of exchanged water is 50%.Bait is thrown something and fed 2 times every day, and be pavlova viridis (Zhanjiang Isochrysis galbana) early stage, and the later stage is that pavlova viridis (Zhanjiang Isochrysis galbana) mixes with 1: 1 ratio with chlorella and throws something and feeds, and daily ration, feeding quantity is decided on the larva situation of ingesting.For preventing to mix between the young larva of different shell mould clams, change network of rivers packing list and solely use.During the larvae cultivation, water temperature is 20.4~23.6 ℃, and salinity is 24~28.In order to eliminate the influence of cultivation density, regularly density is adjusted in larval phase.
The 4th step, juvenile mollusk are cultivated: behind the larval metamorphosis, and normal the cultivation with the 3rd step.When juvenile mollusk grows to 60 ages in days, juvenile mollusk is packed in the 60 purpose mesh bags, be transferred to outdoor ecological pool and carry out the centre and breed, and guarantee the young juvenile mollusk consistent in density of every kind of shell mould clam.
Breed in the middle of the 5th step, the juvenile mollusk: in ecological pool, carry out the centre 7~October in 2006 and breed.Employing 60 order mesh bags are bred in the centre, and (40cm * 60cm), breed the stage in the middle of juvenile mollusk regularly changes mesh bag in proper order by 60 orders, 40 orders, 20 purposes, eliminates the influence of mesh to the juvenile mollusk growth; Simultaneously, density is adjusted, made each repeat density and be consistent.
The 6th step, through larva cultivate, link such as juvenile mollusk is cultivated, the centre is bred, obtained the first filial generation of two kinds of young strains of shell mould clam.Filial generation gonad maturity at the beginning of 6 months of 2007 can be laid eggs, thereby obtains second filial, and so circulation goes down to make that shell mould is further purified.Therefrom filter out the flat type strain of shell that growth is fast, survival rate is high (see Table 1, table 2).
The comparison of table 1, two kinds of shell mould strains of Ruditapes philippinarum larva, juvenile mollusk growth rate
Annotate: growth rate is average day growth (the μ m d of larva, juvenile mollusk, young shellfish
-1), down together.
The comparison of table 2, two kinds of shell mould strains of Ruditapes philippinarum larva, juvenile mollusk survival rate
Annotate: survival rate of larvae is a pelagic period foot veliger and the percentage of D shape larva quantity; Distortion ratio is for the percentage of secondary shell juvenile mollusk number and sufficient veliger occurring; Indoor culture phase juvenile mollusk survival rate is pond juvenile mollusk number and the percentage of just finishing abnormal juvenile mollusk number; The percentage of survival rate for the young shellfish quantity that obtains juvenile mollusk quantity when going out the pond is bred in the centre, down with.
Monomer hybridization between embodiment 2, two kind of shell mould strain, the i.e. diallel cross of the flat clam of the wide clam * shell of shell.Its close shellfish source is with the first step among the embodiment 1, when its close shellfish gonad maturity, by dry in the shade, stimulation by running water, it is smart that the parent opens shellfish beginning row of laying eggs, the smart individuality of row of laying eggs is grabbed out, rinse well, be put in the 2.0L Plastic Drum that fills fresh seawater with running water, approximately through 5~15min, place separately to know from experience the row that continues to lay eggs smart.Choose 4 altogether, each one of the wide clam of shell, the flat clam male and female of shell adopt monomer hybridization mode, have set up the diallel cross of the flat clam of the wide clam * shell of shell.Check whether ovum is fertilized prefecundation, the individual ovum of being fertilized discards, and exchanges unfertilized individuality for and hybridizes, and the smart ovum that obtains is combined fertilization, mixes rapidly in the standby Plastic Drum of handling well in advance, stirs.With 150 mesh sieve tulle impurity screenings, change in the 100L Plastic Drum and hatch, adjust 4~5/ml of density, the inflation hatching.Each experimental group is strict isolates, and makes it not be subjected to the influence of external smart ovum.Other is with~the five step of the step of the 3rd among the embodiment 1.The growth of two kinds of shell mould strain clam sons' diallel cross experimental design (table 3) and selfing group, hybridization group, survival proterties see Table 4, table 5, find that the hybridization group has higher growth, survival advantage, and PW>WP.
The experimental design of table 3, two kinds of young diallel crosses of shell mould clam
The growth rate of two kinds of shell mould strains of table 4 Ruditapes philippinarum selfing group and hybridization group relatively
The survival rate of table 5, two kinds of shell mould strains of Ruditapes philippinarum selfing group and hybridization group relatively
Embodiment 3, by the first filial generation that embodiment 2 monomers hybridization obtains, set up 3 kinds of hybridization familys of shell mould strain in twos, comprise the hybridization of the wide clam * osculant of shell, the flat clam of osculant * shell, the flat clam of the wide clam * shell of shell.
In September, 2007, during first filial generation gonad maturity among the embodiment 2, hybridization be will obtain and the wide type clam of shell young W (50~70 of radial ribs), osculant M (70~90 of radial ribs), the flat type P of shell (90~120 of radial ribs) obtained, by dry in the shade, stimulation by running water, the close shellfish row that just begins to lay eggs is smart behind 2~4h, choose 12 altogether, young each 4 of 3 kinds of shell mould clams, thereby 3 hybrid combinations between the shell mould strain in twos (PW, WM, PM) have been obtained, each hybrid combination is made up of 4 hybridization familys, has set up 12 hybridization familys (table 6) altogether.Other is with~the five step of the step of the 3rd among the embodiment 1.The larva of each hybrid combination, the growth of juvenile mollusk, survival are as table 7, table 8.With embodiment 2, PW hybrid combination shows higher growth and survival advantage, especially shows more significantly on survival rate of larvae and distortion ratio.
The experimental design that table 6, the young hybridization of different shell mould clam family are set up
The comparison of table 7, each hybrid combination larva, juvenile mollusk growth rate
The comparison of table 8, each hybrid combination larva, juvenile mollusk survival rate
Claims (6)
1, be the Ruditapes philippinarum production of hybrid seeds technology of mark with the radial rib, it is characterized in that the directive breeding of two kinds of shell mould Ruditapes philippinarum strains, concrete steps are as follows:
The first step, close shellfish source with choose: from wild population, be mark, select radial rib and be the flat clam of shell that 50~70 wide clam of shell and radial rib be 90~120 as reproductive population with the radial rib;
Second step, lay eggs and hatch: when close shellfish gonad maturity, the young close shellfish of different shell mould clams is placed separately, process is dried in the shade, stimulation by running water, be put in the clear cement pit that fresh seawater arranged and lay eggs, hatching density is 30~40/ml, under the condition of 20~24 ℃ of temperature, all hatch to D shape larva through 24~26h;
The 3rd step, larva are cultivated: with the net cage seed selection D shape larva of 300 mesh sieve tulles making, 6~8/ml of larva culture density, change water every day 2 times, quantity of exchanged water is 50%, and water temperature is 20.4~23.6 ℃, salinity is 20~32, bait is thrown something and fed 2 times every day, and be pavlova viridis early stage, and the later stage is that pavlova viridis mixes with 1: 1 ratio with chlorella and throws something and feeds, daily ration, feeding quantity is adjusted according to the larva situation of ingesting, during regularly culture density is adjusted;
The 4th step, juvenile mollusk are cultivated: behind the larval metamorphosis, breeding condition is with the 3rd step, when juvenile mollusk grows to 60 ages in days, juvenile mollusk packed in the 60 purpose mesh bags, is transferred to outdoor ecological pool and carries out centre and breed, and guarantee every kind of shell mould clam son juvenile mollusk consistent in density;
Breed in the middle of the 5th step, the juvenile mollusk: adopt 60 order mesh bags in ecological pool, to carry out, regularly change mesh bag in proper order, eliminate the influence of mesh, simultaneously density is adjusted, make each repeat density and be consistent the juvenile mollusk growth by 60 orders, 40 orders, 20 purposes;
The 6th step, the above link of process, the clam son strain of two kinds of shell moulds of acquisition first filial generation, next year, the filial generation gonad maturity can be laid eggs, and second step~the five of repetition goes on foot, thus the acquisition second filial circulated for 3~6 generations, and shell mould is further purified.
2, according to claim 1 is the Ruditapes philippinarum production of hybrid seeds technology of mark with the radial rib, it is characterized in that the directive breeding of two kinds of shell mould Ruditapes philippinarum strains, and close Becquerel is chosen from cultured population.
3, according to claim 1 is the Ruditapes philippinarum production of hybrid seeds technology of mark with the radial rib, it is characterized in that the directive breeding of two kinds of shell mould Ruditapes philippinarum strains, and the bait pavlova viridis can be replaced with Zhanjiang Isochrysis galbana.
4, according to claim 1 is the Ruditapes philippinarum production of hybrid seeds technology of mark with the radial rib, it is characterized in that the directive breeding of two kinds of shell mould Ruditapes philippinarum strains, and between the larva culture period, the network of rivers packing list that changes of the young larva of different shell mould clams solely uses.
5, according to claim 1 is the Ruditapes philippinarum production of hybrid seeds technology of mark with the radial rib, it is characterized in that adopting monomer hybridization mode, set up the diallel cross of the flat clam of the wide clam * shell of shell, when close shellfish gonad maturity, by drying in the shade, stimulation by running water parent shellfish lays eggs and arranges essence, therefrom choose the wide clam of shell, each one of the flat clam male and female of shell are rinsed well with running water, are put in the 2.0L Plastic Drum that fills fresh seawater, through 5~15min, the smart ovum that obtains is combined fertilization, mix rapidly, stir, with 150 mesh sieve tulle impurity screenings, change in the 100L bucket and hatch, adjust 4~5/ml of density, the inflation hatching.
6, according to claim 1 is the Ruditapes philippinarum production of hybrid seeds technology of mark with the radial rib, it is characterized in that, when the gonad maturity of the first filial generation of the diallel cross of the flat clam of the wide clam * shell of shell, by dry in the shade, its row of laying eggs is smart for stimulation by running water, choose the wide clam of the individual shell of selfing, the flat clam of shell and individual each 4 the close shellfish of conduct of hybridization first filial generation osculant respectively, thereby obtain 3 hybrid combinations between the shell mould strain in twos, i.e. the wide clam * osculant of shell, the flat clam of osculant * shell, the flat clam of the wide clam * shell of shell.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103947588A (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2014-07-30 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Breeding method for Crassostrea sikamea by taking left shell radial ridge number as mark |
CN113678767A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-23 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Breeding method for prawn disease resistance character |
-
2008
- 2008-06-11 CN CN2008100117518A patent/CN101317554B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103947588A (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2014-07-30 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Breeding method for Crassostrea sikamea by taking left shell radial ridge number as mark |
CN103947588B (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2015-09-02 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | A kind of is the Kumamoto oyster producing method for seed marked with left shell radiation ridge number |
CN113678767A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-23 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Breeding method for prawn disease resistance character |
CN113678767B (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2022-08-23 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Breeding method for prawn disease resistance character |
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