CN101316524A - 香烟滤器 - Google Patents

香烟滤器 Download PDF

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CN101316524A
CN101316524A CNA200680044805XA CN200680044805A CN101316524A CN 101316524 A CN101316524 A CN 101316524A CN A200680044805X A CNA200680044805X A CN A200680044805XA CN 200680044805 A CN200680044805 A CN 200680044805A CN 101316524 A CN101316524 A CN 101316524A
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filter
sulfydryl
filter material
cigarette
described filter
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乔格·威克
戴维·伯恩哈德
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Wick Immunologische Diagnostik und Beratung KG
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/08—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/14—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as additive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • B01J20/262—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. obtained by polycondensation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
    • B01J20/3202—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the carrier, support or substrate used for impregnation or coating
    • B01J20/3206—Organic carriers, supports or substrates
    • B01J20/3208—Polymeric carriers, supports or substrates
    • B01J20/3212—Polymeric carriers, supports or substrates consisting of a polymer obtained by reactions otherwise than involving only carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
    • B01J20/3214—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the method for obtaining this coating or impregnating
    • B01J20/3217—Resulting in a chemical bond between the coating or impregnating layer and the carrier, support or substrate, e.g. a covalent bond
    • B01J20/3219—Resulting in a chemical bond between the coating or impregnating layer and the carrier, support or substrate, e.g. a covalent bond involving a particular spacer or linking group, e.g. for attaching an active group
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
    • B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
    • B01J20/3242—Layers with a functional group, e.g. an affinity material, a ligand, a reactant or a complexing group
    • B01J20/3244—Non-macromolecular compounds
    • B01J20/3246—Non-macromolecular compounds having a well defined chemical structure
    • B01J20/3248—Non-macromolecular compounds having a well defined chemical structure the functional group or the linking, spacer or anchoring group as a whole comprising at least one type of heteroatom selected from a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, these atoms not being part of the carrier as such
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
    • B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
    • B01J20/3242—Layers with a functional group, e.g. an affinity material, a ligand, a reactant or a complexing group
    • B01J20/3244—Non-macromolecular compounds
    • B01J20/3246—Non-macromolecular compounds having a well defined chemical structure
    • B01J20/3248—Non-macromolecular compounds having a well defined chemical structure the functional group or the linking, spacer or anchoring group as a whole comprising at least one type of heteroatom selected from a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, these atoms not being part of the carrier as such
    • B01J20/3251—Non-macromolecular compounds having a well defined chemical structure the functional group or the linking, spacer or anchoring group as a whole comprising at least one type of heteroatom selected from a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, these atoms not being part of the carrier as such comprising at least two different types of heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
    • B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
    • B01J20/3242—Layers with a functional group, e.g. an affinity material, a ligand, a reactant or a complexing group
    • B01J20/3244—Non-macromolecular compounds
    • B01J20/3246—Non-macromolecular compounds having a well defined chemical structure
    • B01J20/3248—Non-macromolecular compounds having a well defined chemical structure the functional group or the linking, spacer or anchoring group as a whole comprising at least one type of heteroatom selected from a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, these atoms not being part of the carrier as such
    • B01J20/3253—Non-macromolecular compounds having a well defined chemical structure the functional group or the linking, spacer or anchoring group as a whole comprising at least one type of heteroatom selected from a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, these atoms not being part of the carrier as such comprising a cyclic structure not containing any of the heteroatoms nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, e.g. aromatic structures

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供香烟滤器材料、滤器和包含该滤器的香烟、以及制备它们的方法，其特征在于所述滤器材料基本上是有机材料且包含共价结合的活性巯基，基本上不含络合剂。

Description

香烟滤器
本发明涉及香烟滤器(cigarette filter)和改良的滤器材料(filter material)。
香烟烟雾包含多种有害成分。在烟草烟雾中对吸烟者健康有害的一种重要的成分是焦油，其由许多种致癌成分组成。在可商购的香烟中，烟中的焦油含量通过滤器减少。通常，为此目的使用有机滤器材料如纤维素或改性纤维素(如乙酸纤维素)。在进一步的有毒和有害化合物中可发现许多金属和氧化剂。金属和氧化剂的组合能损害人体健康。烟草烟雾中的其它有害成分尤其是一氧化碳、氢氰酸、乙醛和甲醛、亚硝胺类、二氧化硫、酚类、汞、镍、铁、铜、铬、铝、钒、铅、钴、硅、钛、锰、锌、镉、钡、锶和砷化合物，通过通用滤器仅能吸附或吸收少量这些化合物。因此已研发了几种特殊滤器以减少香烟烟雾中这些化合物的浓度。
EP 0 351 252 A2公开了用于结合烟草烟雾中一氧化氮(NO)的滤器吸收剂。其中能络合NO的亚铁离子被含巯基的低分子量配体络合，然后其以水溶液浸渗在常规滤器材料(例如纤维素基滤器)上。
其它金属类香烟滤器由WO 2004/002247 A2已知。其中使用稀土元素、锆和锰的氧化物或氢氧化物的催化活性来消除毒性化合物如一氧化碳、NOx、亚硝胺类、醛类、芳族胺类、硫酸盐和磷磺酸盐(phosphor sulfonate)以及金属镉、镍和锌。
包含在血红蛋白中发现的卟啉环金属络合物的烟草烟雾滤器公开于EP0 720 434 B1。这些滤器能灭活香烟烟雾中的氧化自由基(oxidative radical)如O2 -、H2O2、NO和其它有机自由基(organic radical)如异戊二烯自由基、过氧化自由基、烷氧基自由基。
US 4,53,947描述了用巯基乙磺酸(″mesna″)浸渍滤器材料使滤器材料容纳化合物的程度受限，该滤器材料能将香烟烟雾中的甲醛、丙烯醛和氢氰酸的含量减少10至25％。
在US 2005/0133050 A1中公开了一种包含共价结合至无机分子筛基底(例如沸石)的硫代烷基甲硅烷基的无机滤器，以从香烟烟雾中吸收汞和镉。
香烟烟雾中的金属污染物以及氧化剂过氧化氢、过氧自由基、氧化氮等(和有时其组合)对人细胞产生破坏作用，导致细胞收缩、功能性缺损和细胞死亡。基于香烟烟雾成分的氧化性损伤是导致动脉粥样硬化、COPD(慢性阻塞性肺疾病)和癌症的主要因素。用香烟烟雾提取物处理的血管内皮细胞的培养物产生与动脉粥样硬化相关的典型症状，如细胞骨架分解、细胞间连接的破坏和坏死细胞死亡引起的低生存力(Bernhard等人，FASEB J(2003)17：2302-2304，在线文章10.1096/fj.03-0312fje)。特殊的还原化合物(reducingcompound)如阿托伐他汀和N-乙酰基半胱氨酸使细胞生存力提高到没有经有害香烟烟雾提取物处理的细胞的程度。
动脉粥样硬化由血管壁损伤引发，然后是通过单核细胞渗入内膜、形成泡沫细胞导致脂肪条纹、血管平滑肌层进行重排和脂质和细胞外基质的积聚。而且，炎性过程导致动脉粥样硬化形成且可在疾病的所有阶段观察到，尤其是在早期临床仍然无症状的(silent)阶段。这些过程的有害结果是动脉粥样硬化斑块形成、斑块破裂、血栓形成和动脉血流量的减少，最终导致缺氧和组织损伤。血管内皮最初的损伤是由许多因素引起，如物理剪切应力、化学损伤和氧化损伤(例如LDL氧化)和免疫应激(immunological stress)。这些作用的组合进一步加重该症状，例如氧化应激增加力或压力的敏感性。已发现吸烟是发生早期动脉粥样硬化病变的最重要的危险因素。香烟烟雾严重影响血小板和单核细胞粘连并增加内皮细胞的粘性从而导致动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成。
本发明的目的是，从污染空气，尤其是香烟烟雾中通过针对灭活或吸收有害的氧化性化合物的滤器从而清除这类化合物，例如预防动脉粥样硬化。
因此，本发明提供滤器材料，其特征在于所述滤器材料基本上由有机材料组成，且包含共价结合的活性巯基，基本上不含络合剂。优选该滤器材料在香烟(烟雾)滤器中使用。该有机滤器材料能去除香烟烟雾中的有害金属成分(最主要的为镉，但也有Cu、Cr、Ni、Pb、Hg、V、Al)且还能减少有害氧化剂如过氧化氢、过氧自由基和氧化氮。先前已表明，仅防止一种因素(group)，例如通过金属吸附，不足以提供内皮细胞中的氧化保护(Bernhard等人，FASEB J(2005)19，1096-1107)。因此根据本发明的滤器材料提供的组合保护作用提供了本质上的改进，例如预防吸烟者的动脉粥样硬化。
因此本发明还提供改进的吸烟用滤器，其特征为含有另外引入的巯基(thiol group)。与其它更复杂的滤器(如公开于EP 0 720 434 B1或US2005/0133050 A1中的滤器)不同，本发明的滤器可通过现有技术已知的标准硫醇化技术引入巯基，从而由标准(香烟)滤器材料容易的制备。
巯基与-SH或硫氢基同义。根据本发明证实，这些基团出人意料地是用于在香烟烟雾中特异过滤和去毒作用的活性(或功能活性)基团。这种活性能使有害氧化性化合物的氧化还原失活，并能吸附存在于烟雾中的有害金属，如汞、镉、铜、镍、铅、钒或铝。香烟中的氧化剂能氧化细胞蛋白(Bernhard等人(2005)，同上)。通过与滤器材料中的巯基接触和反应，所述氧化剂被中和、还原或失去其有害活性。巯基易于络合金属离子，尤其是元素周期表中的高原子序数金属(high order metal)。为保证巯基本身不减少其活性，它们优选基本上不含这类金属，但少量金属杂质在新的滤器中是容许的，不会产生严重影响。例如Cd在每支香烟的香烟烟雾中的含量为0.5至1.5μg。为保持过滤能力，因此滤器材料中的杂质的量基本上小于该量的10％。最好是每支烟杂质的量是从检测不到至0.005μg。当然，优选是在用作滤器之前在滤器材料中没有络合剂或没有可检测到的络合剂的高纯度。所述滤器材料基本上由有机材料，优选有机纤维材料组成。在本说明书中，无机杂质仍可能由制备过程产生，该杂质是常规(有机)滤器中存在的杂质范围内的杂质。然而，最优选该滤器不含无机杂质。优选该滤器材料用于过滤气体或主要是过滤气体物质，或为香烟滤器，或也用于从气体中过滤固体粉尘。
在一个优选的应用中，根据本发明的滤器材料是用于吸烟草或药草产品的滤器。然而，根据本发明的滤器材料也可在大规格滤器中使用，例如空调或通风系统(venting systems)。尤其是在汽车中使用时这些滤器提供了座舱空气质量的实质性改进，因为存在于汽车排气的粉尘中的有害物质和金属可被清除或去毒化。该滤器可容易地改装以使其结合或去毒化能力维持许多周或几个月。
在一个优选的实施方案中，该滤器材料的巯基是氧化还原活性的。该活性确保有害氧化剂的还原和香烟烟雾的去毒化。
在本发明一个优选的实施方案中，所述滤器材料为基于琼脂糖、纤维素或改性纤维素，优选乙酰基纤维素或硝基纤维素的滤器。这些有机材料是巯基或硫氢基(sulfhydryl groups)的优良载体。所述有机材料可通过常用化学技术处理以共价结合官能巯基(Feist等人，Biochemistry(1981)20(15)，4243-4246)。
优选，所述巯基通过连接分子连接至有机滤器材料上。在合成期间，所述连接分子可单独或与巯基一起加入，例如通过使用包含两种特征的试剂，例如巯基烷基成分。使用这种连接部分(linker moiety)确保巯基具有更好的灵活性(flexibility)和反应性，从而优化滤器的氧化还原活性。
优选，根据本发明的滤器材料的巯基用于从烟雾中去除有害物质。所述巯基也导致滤器材料吸附或吸收特性改变，从而导致从烟雾中更好地去除有害成分如金属。
在另一个优选实施方案中，所述滤器材料的巯基由一种残基(residue)或残基的组合提供，该残基选自半胱氨酸、N-乙酰基半胱氨酸、巯基C1-8-烷基、巯基C1-8-链烯基、巯基C1-8-炔基(alkinyl)、巯基C1-8-烷氧基和巯基苯基。这些残基可通过有机化学领域中已知的常用方法连接至原来的有机滤器材料(raw organic filter material)上。而且，这些基团在吸烟条件下的有机滤器材料中是热稳定的。
本发明另一方面是包含上述滤器材料的烟雾滤器。例如该滤器可以以不同密度仅包含上述滤器材料，该密度可由技术熟练人员针对每种具体使用而调整。滤器也可包含不同的滤器材料，例如一部分普通的烟雾滤器和一部分本发明的滤器材料。
根据本发明优选的滤器包含水分供应成分(moisture supplyingcomponent)。该水分供应成分改善巯基的过滤特性。水分增加巯基的反应性，从而提高过滤质量。尤其优选湿滤器或滤器材料。
优选所述水分供应成分是包含含水液体的可破裂胶囊。所述胶囊能通过轻微压力破碎，例如直接由使用者施加，该胶囊可附着在滤器上或滤器内。一旦破裂，该滤器材料被所述液体浸湿以改善过滤效率。
本发明还提供包含上述滤器的香烟。
另一方面，例如，所述滤器也可用作烟嘴(cigarette holder)的一部分，以重复使用。
本发明另一方面是制备上述滤器材料的方法，包括将含巯基的小分子共价结合至有机材料的步骤。同样，该巯基可通过通常的化学技术转移至有机材料上。
此外，本发明制备滤器的方法包括将滤器材料加入原滤器(raw filter)中的步骤。当然，只要该滤器材料用在滤器中，该滤器材料也可被成形或压成所需形式以用作滤器。
本发明还提供制备香烟的方法，包括将本发明的滤器以如下方式功能性地连接至可以点燃抽吸的(smokeable)产品上的步骤，该方式使在吸烟时烟雾能通过滤器。
此外还提供制备烟嘴的方法，包括将本发明的滤器加入常规烟嘴的步骤。常规烟嘴可以是任何成形的材料，优选中空的，其可夹持香烟并使香烟烟雾流通过夹持器(holder)。
如上所述，本发明的滤器材料的去毒化作用除了例如吸烟用的烟雾滤器外也可用在其它滤器中。本发明的滤器材料的一种优选的用途为用于通风系统中，优选用在汽车通风系统中，例如作为常规滤器的实质部分。所有给予上述烟雾滤器的选项，如浸湿以给予更好的效率，也可用于通风系统。
本发明进一步通过下述附图和实施例进行说明，并非将其限制于此。
图1：滤器的示意图，该滤器中部为具有巯基的材料，两侧部分是常规滤器。大箭头表示气流。
图2：用香烟烟雾：琼脂糖：对照，巯基丙基琼脂糖(Thiopropylsepharose)：SH-滤过的烟雾处理后的细胞生存力的图示。
实施例：细胞生存力
将常规香烟滤器分成两半。将琼脂糖珠(对照)或巯基丙基-琼脂糖珠(活性巯基)置于两半之间，如图1所示。将香烟烟雾推过滤器，其压力和速度相当于人通常吸烟的水平(35ml/2秒，然后是28秒的停顿)。滤过的烟雾通过在37℃鼓泡通过细胞生长培养基而收集为提取液，然后将其用于处理人内皮细胞(HUVEC)。将细胞用该提取液培养24小时。之后，根据制造商说明书通过XTT试验(Proliferation Kit II，XTT；Roche Diagnostics GmbH，Vienna，Austria)检测细胞生存力。该试验检测四唑鎓盐XTT至甲
Figure A20068004480500081
染料的裂解，该裂解仅在代谢活性的细胞中发生。结果以图2的图示给出，其表明用不含巯基的滤器(琼脂糖对照)处理的细胞生存力低，而用通过有机巯基滤器的烟雾处理的细胞的生存力高。

Claims (18)

1.滤器材料，其特征在于所述滤器材料基本上由有机材料组成，且包含共价结合的活性巯基，基本上不含络合剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滤器材料，其中所述滤器材料适合于在吸烟草或吸药草产品时所用的滤器。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的滤器材料，其特征在于所述巯基是氧化还原活性的。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的滤器材料，其特征在于所述滤器是琼脂糖、纤维素或改性纤维素、优选乙酰基纤维素或硝基纤维素滤器。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的滤器材料，其特征在于巯基通过连接分子连接至有机材料。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的滤器材料，其特征在于所述巯基用于从烟雾中去除有害物质。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的滤器材料，其特征在于所述巯基由一种残基或残基的组合提供，该残基选自半胱氨酸、N-乙酰基半胱氨酸、巯基C1-8-烷基、巯基C1-8-链烯基、巯基C1-8-炔基、巯基C1-8-烷氧基和巯基苯基。
8.烟雾滤器，其特征在于其包含根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的滤器材料。
9.根据权利要求8所述的滤器，其特征在于其包含水分供应成分。
10.根据权利要求9所述的滤器，其特征在于该水分供应成分的水分改善巯基的过滤特性。
11.根据权利要求10所述的滤器，其特征在于该水分供应成分是含水液体的可破裂胶囊。
12.香烟，其特征在于其包含根据权利要求8-11任一项所述的滤器。
13.烟嘴，其特征在于其包含根据权利要求8-11任一项所述的滤器。
14.制备权利要求1-7所述的滤器材料的方法，其包括将含巯基的小分子共价结合至有机材料的步骤。
15.制备权利要求8-11任一项所述的滤器的方法，其包括将权利要求1-7所述的滤器材料加入原滤器中的步骤。
16.制备权利要求12所述的香烟的方法，其包含将权利要求8-11任一项所述的滤器以如下方式功能性地连接至可以点燃抽吸的产品上的步骤，该方式使在吸烟时烟雾能通过滤器。
17.制备权利要求13所述的烟嘴的方法，其包含将权利要求8-11任一项所述的滤器加入常规烟嘴中的步骤。
18.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的滤器材料在通风系统中，优选在汽车通风系统中的用途。
CNA200680044805XA 2005-11-29 2006-11-29 香烟滤器 Pending CN101316524A (zh)

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ZA200901679B (en) 2009-03-09 2015-08-26 Tobacco Res And Development Institute (Pty) Ltd Apparatus for introducing objects into filter rod material
ZA201008663B (en) 2010-12-01 2014-08-27 Tobacco Res And Dev Inst (Pty) Ltd Feed mechanism
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US3255761A (en) * 1963-03-18 1966-06-14 Reske Gunter Filter for tobacco smoke
GB8313044D0 (en) * 1983-05-12 1983-06-15 Caseley J R Reducing toxic effects of tobacco
BR8903470A (pt) * 1988-07-15 1990-03-06 Mo Tabachnaya Fabrika Yava Composicao e processo para absorcao de oxido de nitrogenio da fumaca de tabaco,filtro para purificar a fumaca de tabaco do oxido de nitrogenio e processo de impregnacao da base de um filtro
EP0720434B1 (en) * 1994-06-27 2002-01-23 Golden Filter SA Removal of noxious oxidants and carcinogenic volatile nitrosocompounds from cigarette smoke using biological substances
US7610920B2 (en) * 2003-12-22 2009-11-03 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Thiol-functionalized sorbent for smoking articles and filters for the removal of heavy metals from mainstream smoke

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