CN101316105A - Multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver - Google Patents
Multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver Download PDFInfo
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- CN101316105A CN101316105A CNA2008101235812A CN200810123581A CN101316105A CN 101316105 A CN101316105 A CN 101316105A CN A2008101235812 A CNA2008101235812 A CN A2008101235812A CN 200810123581 A CN200810123581 A CN 200810123581A CN 101316105 A CN101316105 A CN 101316105A
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-standard multi-mode wireless transceiver, comprising an antenna, a radio-frequency receiver, a radio-frequency emitter, a frequency synchronizer, and a baseband processing circuit; the frequency synchronizer is used for generating at least two local oscillation signals required by modulation and demodulation and outputting the local oscillation signals to the radio-frequency receiver and the radio-frequency emitter; the antenna is a multi-frequency antenna which can respond toe a plurality of frequency signals; the radio-frequency receiver comprises a multi-frequency LNA which is connected with the antenna and used for responding to and increasing the radio-frequency signal intensity of a plurality of frequencies; the radio-frequency emitter comprises a multi-frequency PA which is connected with the antenna and used for responding to and amplifying the radio-frequency signal powers of a plurality of frequencies. The multi-standard multi-mode wireless transceiver is the wireless transceiver which can be applied to the worldwide range with a plurality of modes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wireless transceiver, especially a kind of multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver; The invention still further relates to a kind of receiver, especially a kind of multi-standard multi-module wireless receiver; The invention still further relates to a kind of reflector, especially a kind of multi-standard multi-module wireless reflector; The invention still further relates to a kind of frequency synthesizer, especially a kind of multi-standard multi-module wireless frequency synthesizer.
Background technology
The appearance of technology such as WLAN (wireless local area network), digital video broadcasting and third generation W-CDMA makes radio communication just become a research and development field that becomes more and more important.The fast development of mobile radio network has caused the needs of high-performance, low-power consumption and radio frequency integrated circuit design cheaply.Wireless standard is constantly evolution forward, different wireless standards, be operated in the different frequency ranges as WLAN, WiMAX, GPS, DVB and cellular system, table 1 has provided the radio band of mobile application and has distributed, as shown in table 1, general mobile wireless frequency range is (WLAN 802.1a) from UHF470～860MHz (DVB-H) to 5.725～5.825GHz.Development in future trend will be the integrated wireless communication terminal that can merge various modes, can possess simultaneously such as functions such as phone, TV, GPS global positioning system, explorer, audio/video player and digital cameras.By adopting digital signal processor to carry out different functions, software and radio technique provides reconfigurable ability for the multimode transceiver design.
| Application | The receiver frequency range | The transmitter frequency range |
| WLAN 802.11a | 5.15～5.35GHz， 5.725～5.825GHz | |
| WLAN 802.11b/g | 2.41～2462GHz | |
| Bluetooth | 2402～2495GHz | |
| GSM/CDMA/TDMA | RX 869～894 | TX 824-849MHz |
| GSM | RX 925～960 | TX 880-915MHz |
| GSM | RX 1805～1880 | TX 1710-1785GHz |
| GSM/CDMA/WCDMA/T DMA | RX 1930～1990 | TX 1850-1910MHz |
| WCDMA/CDMA2000 | RX 2110～2170 | TX 1920-1980MHz |
| WCDMA | RX 1900～1920 | TX 2010-2025MHz |
| DVB-T/H | UHF 470～860MHz | L 1670～1675MHz |
| CMMB | 2.635～2.66GHz | |
| T-DMB | 174～245MHz | L 1450～1492MHz |
| S-DMB | 2.63～2.655GHz | |
| ISDB-T | VHF 90～222MHz | UHF 470～770MHz |
| GPS | L1 1575.42MHz | L2 1227.60MHz |
The radio band that table 1. moves application distributes
On the other hand, radio multimedium is used growing demand, also constantly promoting future broadband wireless communication systems to more high reliability, farther distance, more the direction of high data rate develops.The MIMO radio communication system of signal processing can additionally not increase under the condition of bandwidth and power consumption during in conjunction with sky, improves message transmission rate and transmission range, strengthens the reliability of data link.
Therefore, the design of multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver has far-reaching scientific research value and commercial application value, but has also proposed the some challenges in the design simultaneously.Up to the present, the report to the wireless transceiver of supporting many standards did not also occur.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of wireless transceiver of the various modes collaborative work that can in worldwide, use.
To achieve the above object of the invention, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
First part according to invention that this patent is announced: a kind of multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver, comprise antenna, radio frequency receiver, radiofrequency launcher, frequency synthesizer, baseband processing circuitry, radio frequency receiver is used to receive from the radiofrequency signal of antenna and will obtains I/Q two-way baseband signal after its demodulation, baseband processing circuitry is used to receive above-mentioned two-way I/Q baseband signal, it is carried out A/D conversion and base band signal process, baseband processing circuitry also is used for producing I/Q two-way baseband signal and exporting them to described radiofrequency launcher through signal encoding and D/A conversion, radiofrequency launcher is modulated back output radiofrequency signal to antenna to baseband signal, frequency synthesizer is used to produce at least two kinds of required local oscillated signals of modulation and demodulation and exports radio frequency receiver to and radiofrequency launcher, antenna is a multiband aerial that can respond multiple frequency range radiofrequency signal, radio frequency receiver comprises the multiband LNA that is connected with antenna and is used to respond and increases the radio-frequency (RF) signal strength of a plurality of frequency ranges, and radiofrequency launcher comprises the multiband PA of a plurality of frequency range radiofrequency signal power that are connected with antenna and are used to respond and amplify.
Second part according to invention that this patent is announced: a kind of multi-standard multi-module wireless receiver, it comprises the multiband LNA that is connected with the reception antenna of prime and is used to respond and increases the radio-frequency (RF) signal strength of a plurality of frequency ranges, be connected with the output of multiband LNA and be used for the radiofrequency signal of multiband LNA output is downconverted to the down-conversion mixing unit of baseband signal, generation and output are used for the frequency synthesizer of at least two kinds of local oscillated signals of down-conversion to down-conversion mixing unit, and down-conversion mixing unit is integrated with Direct Conversion and two kinds of frequency conversion modes of superhet.
The 3rd part according to invention that this patent is announced: a kind of multi-standard multi-module wireless reflector, it comprises the up-conversion mixing unit that is used for the baseband signal of prime baseband processing circuitry output is upconverted to radiofrequency signal, be used to respond and amplify the multiband PA of the radiofrequency signal power of up-conversion mixing unit output, produce and export and be used for the frequency synthesizer of at least two kinds of local oscillated signals of up-conversion to up-conversion mixing unit, multiband PA is a PA that can respond multiple frequency band signals, the output of multiband PA is connected with transmitting antenna, and up-conversion mixing unit is integrated with Direct Conversion and two kinds of frequency conversion modes of superhet.
The 4th of the invention of announcing the part according to the present invention: a kind of multi-standard multi-module wireless frequency synthesizer, it is used to produce at least two kinds of required local oscillated signals of modulation and demodulation, comprise a fraction division frequency synthesizer, the fraction division frequency synthesizer comprises a mark accumulator that includes Δ ∑ noise shaping circuit.
Because the employing of technique scheme, the present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
First part according to invention that this paper announces: in a wireless transceiver, realized to receive and sending the function of multiple standards wireless signal;
Second part according to invention that this paper announces: in a wireless receiver, realized to receive the function of multiple standards wireless signal;
The 3rd part according to invention that this paper announces: in a transmitting set, realized to launch the function of multiple standards wireless signal;
The 4th part according to invention that this paper announces: the Frequency mixing processing that this frequency synthesizer can be embodied as the reflector that is used for the multiple standards wireless signal, receiver, transceiver provides the multiple function that satisfies the local oscillation signal of performance index.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of the multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver that the present invention announced, has provided to form each main modular of multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver and the annexation between them;
Fig. 2 is first embodiment of the multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver that the present invention announced, gives first embodiment of first embodiment of the multi-standard multi-module wireless receiver that the present invention announces, multi-standard multi-module wireless reflector that the present invention announced, first embodiment of multi-standard multi-module wireless frequency synthesizer that the present invention announced among the figure;
Fig. 3 is second embodiment of the multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver that the present invention announced, this embodiment provides superhet/Direct Conversion of a kind of integrated WLAN802.11a, DVB-H and GPS function to mix multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver mechanism, gives second embodiment of second embodiment of the multi-standard multi-module wireless receiver that the present invention announces, multi-standard multi-module wireless reflector that the present invention announced, second embodiment of multi-standard multi-module wireless frequency synthesizer that the present invention announced among the figure;
Fig. 4 is the 3rd embodiment of the multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver that the present invention announced, this execution mode provides a kind of integrated superhet of WLAN802,11b, GSM/CDMA, CMMB and GPS function/Direct Conversion to mix the multistandard wireless transceiver, gives the 3rd embodiment of the 3rd embodiment of the multi-standard multi-module wireless receiver that the present invention announces, multi-standard multi-module wireless reflector that the present invention announced, the 3rd embodiment of multi-standard multi-module wireless frequency synthesizer that the present invention announced among the figure;
Wherein:
1, antenna;
2, radio frequency receiver; 21, multiband LNA; 22, down-conversion mixing unit; 221, one-level down-conversion mixer; 222, secondary down-conversion mixer; 223, down-conversion mixer; 23, first gain controller; 24, second gain controller; 25, image-reject filter; 27, intermediate-frequency filter; 28, the 5th gain controller;
3, radiofrequency launcher; 31, multiband PA; 32, up-conversion mixing unit; 321, one-level up-conversion mixer; 322, secondary up-conversion mixer; 323, up-conversion mixer; 33, the 3rd gain controller; 34, the 4th gain controller; 35, mirror filter;
4, baseband processing circuitry;
5, frequency synthesizer; 51, Δ ∑ noise reshaper; 52, mark accumulator.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver that the present invention announced is described:
Multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver shown in Figure 1, it comprises can respond (send and receive) very antenna 1 of the radiofrequency signal of the interior various application of wide frequency ranges, radio frequency receiver 2, radiofrequency launcher 3, frequency synthesizer 5, baseband processing circuitry 4, radio frequency receiver 2 is used to receive from the radiofrequency signal of antenna 1 and will obtains I/Q two-way baseband signal after its demodulation, baseband processing circuitry 4 is used to receive above-mentioned two-way I/Q baseband signal, it is carried out A/D conversion and base band signal process, baseband processing circuitry 4 also is used to produce through the I/Q two-way baseband signal after signal encoding and the D/A conversion and with them and exports radiofrequency launcher 3 to, baseband processing circuitry 4 also is used for producing I/Q two-way baseband signal and exporting them to described radiofrequency launcher 3 through signal encoding and D/A conversion, and 3 pairs of baseband signals of radiofrequency launcher are modulated back output radiofrequency signal to antenna 1.
In first embodiment of multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver shown in Figure 2, radio frequency receiver 2 comprises the multiband LNA (low noise amplifier) 21 that is connected with antenna 1 and is used to respond and increases the radio-frequency (RF) signal strength of a plurality of frequency ranges, signal can at first come filtering to be positioned at the interference signal of other frequency ranges by a band pass filter, amplifies the intensity that increases useful frequency range weak signal by LNA then.Multiband LNA21 is made up of multichannel LNA, every road LNA correspondence be operated in a radio band, switch by the open/close state of the every road LNA of baseband processing circuitry 4 controls.In order to receive the 470 ~ 860MHz uhf band signal that is used for DVB-H/T, can adopt the broadband LNA that does not contain inductance, although it may introduce some noises (unwanted random signal) more.
The function of down-conversion mixing unit 22 is as a low-converter radiofrequency signal that receives to be down-converted to baseband signal.Down-conversion mixing unit 22 comprises two down-conversion mixers 223, be used to receive that two-way from described frequency synthesizer 5 differs is the local oscillation signals of 90 degree, setting this two-way local oscillation signal is LOIFI, LOIFQ, one of them down-conversion mixer 223 output I roadbed band signal is to baseband processing circuitry 4, and another down-conversion mixer 223 output Q roadbed band signals are to baseband processing circuitry 4.Wherein, I roadbed band signal be meant homophase (In-phase, I), and Q roadbed band signal be meant quadrature phase (Quadrate phase, Q).
Concrete, if the radiofrequency signal that receives is v
RF(t)=V
RFCos ω
RFT, (Localoscillator, signal indication LO) are v to local oscillator simultaneously
LO(t)=V
LOCos ω
LOT, then the output signal of frequency mixer can be expressed as:
Wherein, (Intermediate frequency IF) is expressed as ω to intermediate frequency
RF-ω
LOFor zero intermediate frequency (Zero-IF radio) structure, the frequency of local oscillator equals the centre frequency of radiofrequency signal.Therefore, the output of down-conversion mixing unit 22 is exactly baseband signal, comes the undesired out of band signal of further filtering by baseband filter again.
The two paths of signals of down-conversion mixer 223 outputs is respectively through second gain controller 24, here, second gain controller 24 can be used for adjusting the amplitude of baseband signal, make analog to digital converter (the Analog-to-Digital converters that is positioned at the baseband processing circuitry part, ADC) input reaches full width, thus the dynamic range of the ADC that is fully utilized.
In order to increase the dynamic range of receiver, present embodiment inserts one first gain controller 23 at the output of the multiband LNA21 of radio frequency receiver 2, this gain controller can refer to variable gain amplifier VGA (Variable Gain Amplifier) or automatic gain controller, first gain controller 23 can provide variable gain to handle different incoming signal levels, thereby makes that the amplitude range of the radio-frequency input signals enter frequency mixer transconductance stage (GmStage) is less relatively.
Radiofrequency launcher (Transmitter, Tx) 3 operation principle and radio frequency receiver 2 are similar, and just flow process is opposite:
Up-conversion mixing unit 32 comprises two up-conversion mixers 323 that are used for the baseband signal that baseband processing circuitry 4 produces is up-converted to radiofrequency signal, one of them up-conversion mixer 323 is used to receive the I roadbed band signal that baseband processing circuitry 4 produces, one road local oscillation signal LOIFI and the mixing of above-mentioned I roadbed band signal of frequency synthesizer 5 outputs, another up-conversion mixer 323 is used to receive the Q roadbed band signal that baseband processing circuitry 4 produces, another road local oscillation signal LOIFP and the mixing of above-mentioned Q roadbed band signal of frequency synthesizer 5 outputs, the phase difference of two-way local oscillation signal LOIFI and LOIFP are 90 degree.
Between two up-conversion mixers 323 and baseband processing circuitry 4, insert the 3rd gain controller 33 respectively, be used to adjust the amplitude of baseband signal.Usually the 3rd gain controller 33 of radiofrequency launcher 3 parts provides negative gain, and this is that (Digital-to-analog converters, amplitude output signal DAC) is relatively large for up-conversion mixing unit because of digital to analog converter.The I of base band, Q two-way output signal are adjusted through the 3rd gain controller 33 respectively after baseband filter filtering respectively again, upconvert to radiofrequency signal through two up-conversion mixing unit 32 respectively then.The radiofrequency signal of up-conversion mixing unit 32 outputs is passed through 34 back and the filtering of the 4th gain controller, after multiband PA31 amplifies, export then by antenna.
Figure 3 shows that second embodiment, integrated WLAN 802.11a, the multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver of DVB-H and three kinds of standards of GPS, showed the multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver architecture that comprises superhet and two kinds of mixing modes of Direct Conversion simultaneously, when WLAN 802.11a function, adopt the super-heterodyne architecture mode, and when realizing DVB-H and GPS function, adopt the Direct Conversion mode.This mixed structure allows different frequency ranges to share the VGA and the filter of intermediate frequency mixer and baseband portion.
Set forth the difference of second embodiment and above-mentioned first embodiment below:
In the Direct Conversion frame mode, have only the intermediate frequency that can regard direct current (DC) as (Intermediate frequency, IF).Just because of this, this structure is also sometimes referred to as zero intermediate frequency (Zero-IF).The Direct Conversion transceiver has been saved by second area that frequency synthesizer and other parts caused and power consumption.Yet also there are some defectives in this mode, produces I, Q signal than producing much more difficult at intermediate frequency such as frequency synthesizer in higher frequency.
In super-heterodyne architecture, the output of multiband LNA21 at first is down-converted to intermediate frequency through one-level down-conversion mixer 221 then through image-reject filter 25 filtering.The ideal output of one-level down-conversion radio-frequency (RF) mixer 221 is differences of radiofrequency signal and local oscillation signal.Local frequency can be lower than rf frequency, or is higher than rf frequency.When local frequency was lower than rf frequency, intermediate frequency can be expressed as:
f
IF＝f
RF-f
LO
When local frequency was higher than rf frequency, intermediate frequency can be expressed as:
f
IF＝f
LO-f
RF
The frequency of frequency of image signal (Image signal) and our desired radiofrequency signal is in the both sides of local frequency respectively, and identical frequency difference is arranged with local oscillator. why being referred to as image signal is because the signal of this frequency will be in same intermediate frequency address with the signal that we want through after the mixing.Therefore image frequency is disturbed and can not be removed by the later filtering of mixing.An important process of image-reject filter 25 is exactly to eliminate image frequency to disturb before carrying out mixing.
In the present embodiment, down-conversion mixing unit 22 is integrated with Direct Conversion and two kinds of frequency conversion modes of superhet, it comprise the intermediate frequency that is connected with road LNA among the multiband LNA21 and will downconverts to from the radiofrequency signal on this road one-level down-conversion mixer 221, be used for intermediate-freuqncy signal and radiofrequency signal are downconverted to the secondary down-conversion mixer 222 of baseband signal, one-level down-conversion mixer 221 output intermediate-freuqncy signals are to secondary down-conversion mixer 222, and multiband LNA21 output radiofrequency signal is to secondary down-conversion mixer 222.
Radiofrequency signal is mixed to after the intermediate frequency through one-level down-conversion mixer 221, also will carry out filtering by intermediate-frequency filter 27 usually, and the undesired channel frequency of filtering only stays our desired channel frequency, and these channel frequencys are the center with the intermediate frequency.One the 5th gain controller 28 is set on the output channel of intermediate-frequency filter 27, and it is used for adjusting the amplitude of radiofrequency signal and intermediate-freuqncy signal, makes the amplitude of output always keep constant.
Down-conversion mixing unit 22 comprises two secondary down-conversion mixers 222 at least, two secondary down-conversion mixers 222 respectively the two-way of receive frequency synthesizer 5 outputs to differ be the local oscillation signals of 90 degree, setting this two-way local oscillation signal is LOIFI, LOIFQ, one of them secondary down-conversion mixer 222 output I roadbed band signal is to baseband processing circuitry 4, and another secondary down-conversion mixer 222 output Q roadbed band signals are to baseband processing circuitry 4.
It comprises the up-conversion mixing unit 32 that is used for the baseband signal of higher level's baseband processing circuitry output is upconverted to radiofrequency signal, and up-conversion mixing unit 32 adopts superhet frequency conversion mode.It also comprises the multiband PA31 that is used to respond and amplify the radiofrequency signal power of up-conversion mixing unit 32 outputs, multiband PA31 is a PA that can respond multiple frequency band signals, the output of multiband PA31 is connected with transmitting antenna 12, it is made up of a plurality of PA that cover different frequency range, every road PA correspondence be operated in a radio band, by baseband processing circuitry 4 switchings of the every road PA of control between open/close state.
Up-conversion mixing unit 32 comprises two one-level up-conversion mixers 321 that are used for the baseband signal that baseband processing circuitry 4 produces is upconverted to intermediate-freuqncy signal at least, one of them one-level up-conversion mixer 321 is used to receive the I roadbed band signal that baseband processing circuitry 4 produces, one road local oscillation signal LOIFI and the mixing of above-mentioned I roadbed band signal of frequency synthesizer 5 outputs, another one-level up-conversion mixer 321 is used to receive the Q roadbed band signal that baseband processing circuitry 4 produces, another road local oscillation signal LOIFP and the mixing of above-mentioned Q roadbed band signal of frequency synthesizer 5 outputs, the phase difference of two-way local oscillation signal LOIFI and LOIFP are 90 degree.
Up-conversion mixing unit 32 comprises that also one is connected with at least one road PA among the multiband PA31 and is used for the intermediate-freuqncy signal up-conversion of one-level up-conversion mixer (321) the output secondary up-conversion mixer 322 to radiofrequency signal, one road local oscillation signal LORF is to secondary up-conversion mixer 322 in frequency synthesizer 5 outputs, and the frequency of local oscillation signal LORF is the integral multiple of local oscillation signal LOIFI, LOIFP.
In this case, if local frequency is lower than rf frequency, then multiplying each other or the mixing function of frequency mixer normally is used for suing for peace rather than asking poor, and therefore, for the situation that is lower than rf frequency when local frequency, radiofrequency signal can be expressed as:
f
RF＝f
LO+f
IF
If local frequency is higher than rf frequency, then radiofrequency signal can be expressed as:
f
RF＝f
LO-f
IF
Signal increases intensity by multiband PA31 again after secondary up-conversion mixer 322 upconverts to radio frequency, and launches by antenna 1.The intensity of signal must be enough strong, to satisfy the transmitting power requirement of communication standards regulation.
Fig. 4 has provided the 3rd embodiment of invention that this paper announces, this is a kind of integrated WLAN 802.11b, GSM/CDMA, many standards Direct Conversion wireless transceiver of CMMB and GPS function.This structure all is to adopt the Direct Conversion technology to three frequency ranges.WLAN 802.11b, bluetooth (Bluetooth) and China Mobile's media broadcast (CMMB) can be integrated in the monolithic receiver channel, frequency range covers 2.4 to 2.66GHz, and GSM/CDMA (1.8 to 1.99GHz) and GPS (1.58GHz), consider their different demands, adopt two extra receiver channels to design at aspects such as frequency, susceptibility and dynamic ranges.Three the shared down-conversion mixing of frequency range unit, base band VGA and filters.Reflector also comprises two paths: wherein one is used for WLAN and Bluetooth (2.4 to 2.66GHz), and another is used for GSM/CDMA (1.8 to1.99GHz).These two frequency range shared baseband filters, VGA and up-conversion mixing unit.For fear of power amplifier injection locking (inject-locking) voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), VCO is operated in 2/3 frequency place of radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator.As shown in Figure 4,1/3fRF and 2/3fRF frequency are carried out mixing, produce final orthogonal radio frequency local oscillation signal by frequency mixer.
Introduce the key points in design of frequency synthesizer 5 below:
In the present embodiment, frequency synthesizer 5 is the vital parts of radio-frequency devices, must be able to meet every requirement of many standard application.The performance index of frequency synthesizer 5 mainly comprise:
1) tuning range: frequency synthesizer must be able to cover necessary all frequencies of each correlated channels down-conversion; 2) purity of output spectrum: in general, except the ideal frequency that we want, have some our undesired frequency content attached to around the ideal frequency.In frequency domain, the power spectrum diffusion that the surrounding target frequency occurs is referred to as " phase noise " usually, and in time domain, this can be counted as phase jitter (in the variation of any given time waveform phase); 3) the essential burr of eliminating of output waveform: the designer is undesired often for burr (Spur) or alias composition (Spurious frequency component).The index of frequency synthesizer needs the amplitude of burr to hang down certain decibel (dB) than the amplitude of needed carrier wave at least usually; 4) amplitude: the amplitude that is transported to the waveform of frequency mixer must be enough to drive frequency mixer.This is that comparison difficulty, especially frequency mixer and frequency synthesizer are spaced apart by transmission line on the sheet usually under the operating rate more than the GHz; 5) step size: the adjacent programmable frequency of synthesizer must be only separated by the channel spacing of radio frequency; 6) change-over time: synthesizer must can be in particular time interval from a frequency translation to another frequency, otherwise data will be lost; 7) pull-in time: open after the frequency synthesizer, his frequency must forward the frequency that is programmed in particular time interval; 8) I, Q signal coupling: the phase difference between I, the Q signal must remain on desirable 90 °, if departed from this value, then possibly can't solve correct data from I, Q signal; 9) power consumption: in general, all circuit of frequency synthesizer must consume electric current and the power that is less than some; 10) synthesizer is warbled: when peripheral circuit opens or cuts out, cause that sometimes the output frequency of frequency synthesizer changed in moment.This defective is called as warble (Chirp), and the maximum of this frequency change must be controlled in the certain limit, and must return to correct frequency output valve in the regular hour.
Different communication systems is different to the performance index requirement of frequency synthesizer.Such as, GSM has very strict requirement to noise objective, so frequency synthesizer must have very low phase noise.And Bluetooth system is therefore looser to the requirement of noise objective owing to be a kind of short distance, low-power consumption, system cheaply.Therefore tdma system needs relatively stricter switching speed and pull-in time owing to need switch between transmission and receive frequency.
Use for multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver involved in the present invention, it is often relatively more difficult that the Integer N type frequency synthesizer (Integer-N frequency synthesizer) that is subject to reference frequency with a step size covers multiband.In integer frequency synthesizer design, in order to realize that better step size to cover the multiband channel frequency, must reduce reference frequency, (Phase lockloop, high score PLL) is phase noise in rate and higher band and this will cause phase-locked loop.
Contrast, fractional N-type frequency synthesizer (fractional-N synthesizer) allows PLL with higher reference frequency work, can realize meticulousr step size by constantly change loop frequency-dividing ratio between integer simultaneously, therefore the frequency dividing ratio here is a mark.
The fraction division frequency synthesizer can reach meticulousr frequency interval and the lower interior phase noise of band, and shortcoming is owing to adopt periodically variable frequency dividing ratio, the fractional spurious frequencies clutter can occur.If it is enough big to compare the loop filtering bandwidth from nearest clutter, the frequency division clutter can remove by the high-order loop filter.From the step size decision of the frequency interval of the nearest burr of carrier wave by frequency synthesizer.(Low-pass filter, bandwidth LPF) can't be come the filtering burr with this filter if the step size of a frequency synthesizer is less than loop low pass filter.Will increase locking time if the reduction loop bandwidth resists the burr of fractional-type, and increase VCO noise causes the outer phase place noise of band.
To sum up, can also keep meticulous step size simultaneously in order to eliminate the fractional spurious frequencies clutter, best solution is to adopt a Δ ∑ noise reshaper 51 (Noise shaper) in mark accumulator 52 (Fractional accumulator).Yet different application standards needs the Δ ∑ noise reshaper of different rank and the mark accumulator of different sizes.In the design of this multi-channel frequency synthesizer, can select programmable Δ ∑ fractional N-type structure for use.
Because wireless communications market is highstrung to cost, must reach low cost and low-power consumption if radio-frequency devices wants to have competitiveness.Because area and power consumption that frequency synthesizer takies are all bigger, therefore this influence must be restricted to minimum, this can realize by selecting rational transceiver configuration.The superhet radio-frequency devices needs two frequency synthesizers, but has higher performance.Compare with direct conversion receiver, the frequency difference of their inherences has reduced the pull-up effect (Pulling effect) of DC maladjustment and voltage controlled oscillator (VCO).Although comparatively speaking, directly changing receiver only needs a local oscillator, be to use the structure of repeatedly mixing to come region class will cause frequency synthesizer complicated more like frequency.
A kind of compromise proposal between above two kinds of measures is to adopt the trip if architectures, and in this structure, the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator frequency is 2M times (when M=2) of intermediate frequency local oscillator.Therefore, these two local oscillators can both obtain (having made full use of some advantages of direct down-conversion) from single frequency synthesizer, but have kept the performance advantage of superhet radio frequency.
The fraction division synthesizer has low phase noise and meticulousr frequency interval.Synthetic rf frequency and IF-FRE can be expressed as:
Wherein C is coarse tuning frequency word (Coarse tune frequency word), such as the integer part of divisor), R is that K is the input of mark accumulator with reference to frequency dividing ratio (Reference divider ratio), F is the size of mark accumulator.Here, the step size of fractional N-type frequency synthesizer equals (FREF/R)/F.A kind of good scheme is to use larger accumulator to use higher reference frequency simultaneously, can realize phase noise in the lower band like this.In this wlan system, the value of M is chosen as 2, also is that rf frequency is four times of IF-FRE.
This multiband design is based on the assumed condition that the trip if architectures can be stood by system.Therefore, the intermediate-frequency filter here needs higher bandwidth.Such system can use the fractional N-type structure to produce rf frequency, and then produces the intermediate-freuqncy signal of quadrature with removing 4, thereby realizes a kind of unifrequency synthesizer structure that is used for the superhet transceiver.This frequency synthesizer that we propose can utilize and remove the intermediate-freuqncy signal that 4 circuit produce quadrature, and it is narrower to have abandoned the bandwidth that is used to produce orthogonal signalling, easily produces loss, and the leggy network (polyphase network) that is difficult to realize at high band.Therefore, the structure that the present invention proposes has realized littler chip area, sheet upper-part still less, thereby reaches phase noise performance in the better band.
Said frequencies synthesizer 5 is applicable to above-mentioned first, second, third embodiment.
Claims (30)
1, a kind of multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver, comprise antenna (1), radio frequency receiver (2), radiofrequency launcher (3), frequency synthesizer (5), baseband processing circuitry (4), described radio frequency receiver (2) is used for receiving from the radiofrequency signal of described antenna (1) and will obtains I/Q two-way baseband signal after its demodulation, described baseband processing circuitry (4) is used to receive above-mentioned two-way I/Q baseband signal, it is carried out A/D conversion and base band signal process, described baseband processing circuitry (4) also is used for producing I/Q two-way baseband signal and exporting them to described radiofrequency launcher (3) through signal encoding and D/A conversion, described radiofrequency launcher (3) is modulated back output radiofrequency signal to described antenna (1) to baseband signal, it is characterized in that:
Described frequency synthesizer (5) is used to produce at least two kinds of required local oscillated signals of modulation and demodulation and exports described radio frequency receiver (2) to and described radiofrequency launcher (3), described antenna (1) is a multiband aerial that can respond a plurality of frequency range radiofrequency signals, described radio frequency receiver (2) comprises the multiband LNA (21) that is connected with described antenna (1) and is used to respond and increases the radio-frequency (RF) signal strength of a plurality of frequency ranges, and described radiofrequency launcher (3) comprises the multiband PA (31) of a plurality of frequency range radiofrequency signal power that are connected with described antenna (1) and are used to respond and amplify.
2, multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described antenna (1) comprises a plurality of sub antennas, and each described sub antenna is used to transmit and receive the radio frequency signal of a frequency range.
3, multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described antenna (1) is a multiband aerial, is used to transmit and receive the radio frequency signal of a plurality of frequency ranges.
4, multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described multiband LNA (21) is made up of multichannel LNA, every road LNA correspondence be operated in a radio band, switch by the open/close state of the every road LNA of described baseband processing circuitry (4) control.
5, multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described radio frequency receiver (2) also comprises the down-conversion mixing unit (22) that is connected with the output of described multiband LNA (21) and is used for the radiofrequency signal of described multiband LNA (21) output is downconverted to baseband signal, and described down-conversion mixing unit (22) is integrated with Direct Conversion and two kinds of frequency conversion modes of superhet.
6, multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described down-conversion mixing unit (22) comprises the one-level down-conversion mixer (221) of the intermediate frequency that is connected with at least one road LNA among the described multiband LNA (21) and will downconverts to from the radiofrequency signal on this road, be used for the intermediate-freuqncy signal of described one-level down-conversion mixer (221) output is downconverted to the secondary down-conversion mixer (222) of baseband signal, described secondary down-conversion mixer (222) also is used for the radiofrequency signal of described multiband LNA (21) output is directly downconverted to baseband signal.
7, multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described down-conversion mixing unit (22) comprises two described secondary down-conversion mixers (222) at least, it is the local oscillation signals of 90 degree that the two-way that two described secondary down-conversion mixers (222) receive described frequency synthesizer (5) output respectively differs, setting this two-way local oscillation signal is LOIFI, LOIFQ, one of them described secondary down-conversion mixer (222) output I roadbed band signal is to described baseband processing circuitry (4), and another described secondary down-conversion mixer (222) output Q roadbed band signal is to described baseband processing circuitry (4).
8, multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described frequency synthesizer (5) is also exported one road local oscillation signal LORF to described one-level down-conversion mixer (221), and the frequency of local oscillation signal LORF is the integral multiple of the frequency of local oscillation signal LOIFI, LOIFQ.
9, multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described radiofrequency launcher (3) also comprises the up-conversion mixing unit (32) that is connected with described multiband PA (31) and is used for the baseband signal of described baseband processing circuitry (4) output is upconverted to radiofrequency signal, described multiband PA (31) is made up of the multichannel PA that covers different frequency range, every road PA correspondence be operated in a radio band, by the switching between the open/close state of the every road PA of described baseband processing circuitry (4) control, described up-conversion mixing unit (32) is integrated with Direct Conversion and two kinds of frequency conversion modes of superhet.
10, multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: described up-conversion mixing unit (32) comprises two one-level up-conversion mixers (321) that are used for the baseband signal that described baseband processing circuitry (4) produces is upconverted to intermediate-freuqncy signal at least, one of them described one-level up-conversion mixer (321) is used to receive the I roadbed band signal that described baseband processing circuitry (4) produces, one road local oscillation signal LOIFI and the mixing of above-mentioned I roadbed band signal of described frequency synthesizer (5) output, another described one-level up-conversion mixer (321) is used to receive the Q roadbed band signal that described baseband processing circuitry (4) produces, another road local oscillation signal LOIFP and the mixing of above-mentioned Q roadbed band signal of described frequency synthesizer (5) output, the phase difference of described local oscillation signal LOIFI of two-way and LOIFP are 90 degree.
11, multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver according to claim 10, it is characterized in that: described up-conversion mixing unit (32) comprises that also one is connected with at least one road PA among the described multiband PA (31) and is used for the intermediate-freuqncy signal up-conversion of described one-level up-conversion mixer (321) the output secondary up-conversion mixer (322) to radiofrequency signal, one road local oscillation signal LORF is to described secondary up-conversion mixer (322) in described frequency synthesizer (5) output, and the frequency of local oscillation signal LORF is the integral multiple of local oscillation signal LOIFI, LOIFP.
12, multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver according to claim 10 is characterized in that: two described one-level up-conversion mixers (321) also are used for the baseband signal that described baseband processing circuitry (4) produces is directly upconverted to radiofrequency signal.
13, multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described frequency synthesizer (5) comprises a fraction division frequency synthesizer, and described fraction division frequency synthesizer comprises a mark accumulator (52) that includes Δ ∑ noise shaping circuit.
14, multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver according to claim 13, it is characterized in that: described fraction division frequency synthesizer output radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal LORF, intermediate frequency local oscillator signal LOIFI and LOIFP are obtained divided by a fixing divisor by described radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal.
15, a kind of multi-standard multi-module wireless receiver, it is characterized in that: it comprises the multiband LNA (21) that is connected with the reception antenna (11) of prime and is used to respond and increases the radio-frequency (RF) signal strength of a plurality of frequency ranges, be connected with the output of described multiband LNA (21) and be used for the radiofrequency signal of described multiband LNA (21) output is downconverted to the down-conversion mixing unit (22) of baseband signal, generation and output are used for the frequency synthesizer (5) of at least two kinds of local oscillated signals of down-conversion to described down-conversion mixing unit (22), and described down-conversion mixing unit (22) is integrated with Direct Conversion and two kinds of frequency conversion modes of superhet.
16, multi-standard multi-module wireless receiver according to claim 15, it is characterized in that: described multiband LNA (21) is made up of multichannel LNA, every road LNA correspondence be operated in a radio band, by the switching between the open/close state of the every road LNA of described baseband processing circuitry (4) control.
17, multi-standard multi-module wireless receiver according to claim 16, it is characterized in that: described down-conversion mixing unit (22) comprises the one-level down-conversion mixer (221) of the intermediate frequency that is connected with road LNA among the described multiband LNA (21) and will downconverts to from the radiofrequency signal on this road, be used for intermediate-freuqncy signal and radiofrequency signal are downconverted to the secondary down-conversion mixer (222) of baseband signal, described one-level down-conversion mixer (221) output intermediate-freuqncy signal is to described secondary down-conversion mixer (222), and described multiband LNA (21) output radiofrequency signal is to described secondary down-conversion mixer (222).
18, multi-standard multi-module wireless receiver according to claim 17, it is characterized in that: described down-conversion mixing unit (22) comprises two described secondary down-conversion mixers (222) at least, it is the local oscillation signals of 90 degree that the two-way that two described secondary down-conversion mixers (222) receive described frequency synthesizer (5) output respectively differs, setting this two-way local oscillation signal is LOIFI, LOIFQ, one of them described secondary down-conversion mixer (222) output I roadbed band signal is to described baseband processing circuitry (4), and another described secondary down-conversion mixer (222) output Q roadbed band signal is to described baseband processing circuitry (4).
19, multi-standard multi-module wireless receiver according to claim 18, it is characterized in that: described frequency synthesizer (5) is also exported one road local oscillation signal LORF to described one-level down-conversion mixer (221), and the frequency of local oscillation signal LORF is the integral multiple of the frequency of local oscillation signal LOIFI, LOIFQ.
20, multi-standard multi-module wireless receiver according to claim 15, it is characterized in that: described frequency synthesizer (5) comprises a fraction division frequency synthesizer, and described fraction division frequency synthesizer comprises a mark accumulator (52) that includes Δ ∑ noise shaping circuit.
21, multi-standard multi-module wireless receiver according to claim 20, it is characterized in that: described fraction division frequency synthesizer output radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal LORF, intermediate frequency local oscillator signal LOIFI and LOIFP are obtained divided by a fixing divisor by described radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal.
22, a kind of multi-standard multi-module wireless reflector, it is characterized in that: it comprises the up-conversion mixing unit (32) that is used for the baseband signal of prime baseband processing circuitry output is upconverted to radiofrequency signal, be used for responding and amplifying the multiband PA (31) of the radiofrequency signal power of described up-conversion mixing unit (32) output, generation and output are used for the frequency synthesizer (5) of at least two kinds of local oscillated signals of up-conversion to described up-conversion mixing unit (32), described multiband PA (31) is a PA that can respond multiple frequency band signals, the output of described multiband PA (31) is connected with transmitting antenna (12), and described up-conversion mixing unit (32) is integrated with Direct Conversion and two kinds of frequency conversion modes of superhet.
23, multi-standard multi-module wireless reflector according to claim 22, it is characterized in that: described multiband PA (31) is made up of a plurality of PA that cover different frequency range, every road PA correspondence be operated in a radio band, be used to control the switching of every road PA between open/close state by described baseband processing circuitry (4).
24, multi-standard multi-module wireless reflector according to claim 22, it is characterized in that: described up-conversion mixing unit (32) comprises two one-level up-conversion mixers (321) that are used for the baseband signal that described baseband processing circuitry (4) produces is upconverted to intermediate-freuqncy signal at least, one of them described one-level up-conversion mixer (321) is used to receive the I roadbed band signal that described baseband processing circuitry (4) produces, one road local oscillation signal LOIFI and the mixing of above-mentioned I roadbed band signal of described frequency synthesizer (5) output, another described one-level up-conversion mixer (321) is used to receive the Q roadbed band signal that described baseband processing circuitry (4) produces, another road local oscillation signal LOIFP and the mixing of above-mentioned Q roadbed band signal of described frequency synthesizer (5) output, the phase difference of described local oscillation signal LOIFI of two-way and LOIFP are 90 degree.
25, multi-standard multi-module wireless reflector according to claim 24, it is characterized in that: described up-conversion mixing unit (32) comprises that also one is connected with at least one road PA among the described multiband PA (31) and is used for the intermediate-freuqncy signal up-conversion of described one-level up-conversion mixer (321) the output secondary up-conversion mixer (322) to radiofrequency signal, one road local oscillation signal LORF is to described secondary up-conversion mixer (322) in described frequency synthesizer (5) output, and the frequency of local oscillation signal LORF is the integral multiple of local oscillation signal LOIFI, LOIFP.
26, multi-standard multi-module wireless reflector according to claim 24 is characterized in that: two described one-level up-conversion mixers (321) also are used for the baseband signal that described baseband processing circuitry (4) produces is directly upconverted to radiofrequency signal.
27, multi-standard multi-module wireless reflector according to claim 22, it is characterized in that: described frequency synthesizer (5) comprises a fraction division frequency synthesizer, and described fraction division frequency synthesizer comprises a mark accumulator (52) that includes Δ ∑ noise shaping circuit.
28, multi-standard multi-module wireless reflector according to claim 27, it is characterized in that: described fraction division frequency synthesizer output radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal LORF, intermediate frequency local oscillator signal LOIFI and LOIFP are obtained divided by a fixing divisor by described radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal.
29, a kind of frequency synthesizer, be used for multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver as claimed in claim 1, multi-standard multi-module wireless receiver as claimed in claim 15, multi-standard multi-module wireless reflector as claimed in claim 20, it is characterized in that: it is used to produce at least two kinds of required local oscillated signals of modulation and demodulation, comprise a fraction division frequency synthesizer, described fraction division frequency synthesizer comprises a mark accumulator (52) that includes Δ ∑ noise shaping circuit.
30, frequency synthesizer according to claim 25, it is characterized in that: described fraction division frequency synthesizer output radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal RF local oscillation signal LORF, intermediate frequency local oscillator signal LOIFI and LOIFP are obtained divided by a fixing divisor by described radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal.
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| CNA2008101235812A CN101316105A (en) | 2008-06-11 | 2008-06-11 | Multi-standard multi-module wireless transceiver |
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