CN101315317B - Test method of material mesoscopic mechanics - Google Patents
Test method of material mesoscopic mechanics Download PDFInfo
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- CN101315317B CN101315317B CN2007100999684A CN200710099968A CN101315317B CN 101315317 B CN101315317 B CN 101315317B CN 2007100999684 A CN2007100999684 A CN 2007100999684A CN 200710099968 A CN200710099968 A CN 200710099968A CN 101315317 B CN101315317 B CN 101315317B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for testing mesoscopic mechanics of materials and belongs to the material testing field. The method comprises the following steps: a sample is clamped on a loading stage; the surface of the sampler is disposed below an inspection glass; a clamp-type displacement extensometer is installed on the sample; a computer collects and stores stress and strain dada in the testing process; mesoscopic images are collected in the deformation process; the images are analyzed and generalized. The method is conducive to analyzing and researching the mesoscopic behavior in the deformation and fracture process of materials, and provides a novel testing method for the research on metal.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the testing of materials field
Technical background
A few thing has been done at the mesoscopic mechanics measurement direction by Russia at present.Because the displacement extensometer is not installed, the dependent variable that does not have synchronous recording sample stand under load to cause can not obtain real ess-strain information of material and deformation spinor field.
Summary of the invention
Jie that purpose of the present invention is used for the distortion of research test metal material, plastic flow and cracking on meso-scale sees substructure and corresponding ess-strain behavior.Measure sample and load the stress-strain data in arbitrary moment, be situated between and see the dynamic profile image, and corresponding to each constantly, analyze strain equivalent amount field and deformation spinor field in the visual field.
Testing procedure of the present invention is as follows
The a sample holder is in the experimental machine loading bench;
B observes the surface with sample and places the sight glass observation place;
C pacifies the logarithmic strain amount of clamped displacement extensometer with record sample drawing process on sample;
D starts testing machine and loads, and writes down real-time load p-strain ξ-moment T (Millisecond) data;
E observes imaging system and receives each image (Millisecond) constantly of specimen surface Jie sight pattern in real time;
The f computer interface shows that simultaneously specimen surface be situated between to see graphic interface and (Millisecond), that scale is arranged constantly in real time, ess-strain and curve constantly, and gathers simultaneously and store;
G carries out X, Y side's components of strain " UExx ", " VEyy " and analyzes be situated between seeing the represented position of continuous picture with image analysis system; And the shearing strain of " Exy " X-Y direction, the shearing strain of " Eyx " Y-X direction are analyzed.
H with image analysis system to the represented position of continuous picture carry out deformation rotation amount " Omiga " rotation value, " Alpha " rotation amount field anglec of rotation is analyzed;
Deform in same pace strain field, the rotation amount field data of i output material deformation process;
J sees pattern in conjunction with specimen surface Jie and analyzes and conclude the deform in same pace strain field and the rotation amount field data of gained stress-strain data, material deformation process.
The object of material mesoscopic mechanics research is material mesoscopic agglomerate (between macro-scale and the micro-scale), under real-time load situation, is situated between and sees the deformation rule and the fracture behaviour of substructure (dynamic structure).The sight image that is situated between is the mesoscopic structure of material deformation, plastic flow and the cracking of metal material between macroscopic view and micro-scale, the observation of ess-strain behavior.Observation is seen agglomerate Jie under real-time load situation and is seen substructure between being situated between between macroscopic view and the micro-scale.
Advantage of the present invention, the method for testing according to mesoscopic mechanics can have deep understanding to the Jie sight behavior of material deformation in fracture process, and the information of the fracture rule of meso-scale is provided, for metal physics research provides a new method of testing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block scheme of method of testing of the present invention; 1, optical imaging system, 2, the ccd image receiving system, 3, power value sensor, 4 samples, 5, displacement transducer, 6, the two-way loading closed-loop system of constant speed.
Fig. 2 is an experiment material pulling experiment curve map.
Embodiment
Sample design and preparation: sample cross can be square or rectangular; In order to match with the experimental machine support, bare terminal end can be an Any shape; Can use band machine work breach or the tensile sample of precrack, the indentation, there maximum stress can be estimated from the product of nominal stress and fatiguestrength reduction factor KT; Can be with reference to the sample of tension test defined among the GB/T228;
The testing machine loading system: test is adopted and is drawn, the two-way loading closed-loop experiment of pressure system, and type of belt drive is same through-drive; The loading form is stretching, compression, crooked three kinds of forms; Force measurement scope 0-2500N, gradable; The speed of experiment stepless change, velocity range 0.01-20mm/min; The force measurement precision is ± 1%, each grade precision reaches ± and 1%,
Stress, strain measurement and data acquisition system (DAS): by power value sensor sensing output electric signal, treated input computer is edited.The force measurement precision is ± 1%, each grade precision reaches ± and 1%; By microminiature great-scale displacement signal extensometer inductive displacement and export electric signal, the input computer carries out Editorial Services; The strain measurement precision is ± 0.5%, and measuring original gauge length is 5mm; Original gauge length is: 5mm, and the strain measurement range is 0-5mm, is equivalent to 100% dependent variable; With displacement signal and the overall treatment of power value signal is displacement-Li value curve-(be accurate to person of outstanding talent's second level) constantly tables of data; Seeing Table (1) displacement-Li value-moment data can store, can edit, can show that curve can be regulated range automatically by curve form.
Be situated between and see image capturing system: light path or the imaging of alternate manner imaging system; Ccd image receives; Adopt auspicious speed and be single auspicious collection or how auspicious continuous acquisition; Acquisition rate be 7-15 auspicious/second; Picture record is accurate to Millisecond constantly; According to mathematical algorithms such as morphological image, computer graphicss, institute's images acquired is proofreaied and correct, restored and processing such as identification, measurement; Computer stored, interface display editor; Image enlargement factor 2-200 doubly.
Establishment relevant calculation machine program: be situated between sight observation image and ess-strain signal are carried out in real time, received simultaneously and store to computer system; With the ess-strain signal; Editor is stored as data file; Show (Millisecond), that scale is arranged constantly in real time, ess-strain and curve constantly in the zone of the about 70 * 70mm in the lower right corner that be situated between to see graphic interface.
Image vector analytic system: the represented sample site of continuous picture is carried out X, the strain of Y side's components of strain " UExx " directions X, the strain analysis of " VEyy " Y direction; To the represented sample site of continuous picture carry out the shearing strain of " Exy " X-Y direction, the shearing strain of " Eyx " Y-X direction is analyzed; To the represented sample site of continuous picture carry out deformation rotation amount field " Omiga " rotation value, " Alpha " rotation amount field anglec of rotation is analyzed; The deform in same pace of output material deformation process; Equivalent cloud atlas of strain and data file; Deformation spinor field cloud atlas and data file see Table (2);
Test procedure: sample holder is in the experimental machine loading bench; Sample is observed the surface place the sight glass observation place; Pacify the logarithmic strain amount of clamped displacement extensometer with record sample drawing process; Start testing machine and loading, write down the moment (Millisecond) data of real-time load-strain; Observe imaging system and receive each image (Millisecond) constantly of specimen surface Jie sight pattern in real time; Computer interface shows that simultaneously specimen surface be situated between to see graphic interface and (Millisecond), that scale is arranged constantly in real time, ess-strain and curve constantly, and gathers simultaneously and store; With image analysis system X, Y side's components of strain and deformation rotation amount field " Omiga " rotation value, " Alpha " rotation amount field anglec of rotation being carried out in the represented position of the continuous picture of sight that is situated between analyzes;
Result treatment and evaluation: with the nickel-bass alloy material example to the material research that experimentizes, when material carries out stretching experiment, the motion conditions of nickel-base alloy crystal grain group in loading procedure of taking in real time; From Fig. 2 of correspondence, can observe increase along with load, crystal grain itself has the trend of prolonging the variation of drawing stress direction, elongation or load is crossed material yield point after, be accompanied by intercrystalline rotation, the rotation direction and the rotation flow direction can observations from real-time follow-up is taken pictures; Strain and deformation vector are analyzed yardstick and can be required to change with the experimenter, mate with image resolution ratio.Sample integral body is taken in real time and analyzed, the deformational behavior of material monolithic can be provided, strain, shearing strain equal-value map and synchronous dynamic deformation spinor field.Thereby the failure procedure that material carries to the fracture process is given comprehensively to understand and observation analysis, provide the test suggestion.
Table (1) material pulling experiment stress-strain data table
Pulling force (N) strain 1 (%) moment T (time,
Minute, second, millisecond)
28.56404387 0?0.151553905?10-42-0-625
14.21450563 0?0.145237185?10-42-12-109
1.001561857 0?0.130007858?10-42-19-218
11.05504849 0?0.119583113?10-42-24-906
0.710079454 0?0.123943066?10-42-29-171
10.98717472 0?0.118016683?10-42-46-250
21.26955337 0?0.11929854 10-42-49-78
41.44822994 0?0.114544237?10-42-50-515
58.70889902 0?0.095756451?10-42-51-921
70.41351483 0?0.090217653?10-42-54-781
82.3143959 0?0.075699074?10-42-56-203
96.51286165 0?0.063621272?10-42-59-46
107.9620161 0?0.038583144?10-43-7-593
97.41280864 0?0.064399156?10-43-9-46
108.7152596 0?0.046195136?10-43-11-906
97.03323563 0?0.005913141?10-44-47-406
108.3278999 0?0.028492822?10-44-51-671
97.83674819 0?0.016771676?10-45-0-203
108.1500069 0?0.009094866?10-45-25-890
118.3032143 0?0.000625338?10-46-18-609
106.1723662 0?0.006575172?10-46-36-109
118.4817171 0?0.007626013?10-46-40-484
128.9230754 0?0.003057572?10-47-0-953
139.9925532 0?0.028448623?10-47-3-796
157.0637468 0?0.044404776?10-47-6-656
168.4211071 0?0.041618582?10-47-8-78
188.2258068 0?0.060417989?10-47-10-921
199.9128797 0?0.08118266 10-47-12-343
210.1929671 0?0.101274385?10-47-15-187
225.084712 0?0.102393316?10-47-16-609
246.3523614 0?0.141137884?10-47-19-453
258.7555308 0?0.152115234?10-47-20-875
277.3017718 0?0.174452493?10-47-23-734
291.3774064 0?0.180808829?10-47-25-156
305.7337526 0?0.214284551?10-47-28-0
317.902333 0?0.252362299?10-47-30-843
328.7315998 0?0.269201476?10-47-32-265
345.9552347 0?0.297221851?10-47-35-109
357.0522374 0?0.324540537?10-47-36-531
375.9103857 0?0.367888921?10-47-40-828
392.3238373 0?0.387343756?10-47-42-265
415.9990365 0?0.450790631?10-47-46-703
........... ......?...........?...........
1067.877076 0?7.609277208?10-52-39-265
1092.628682 0?7.646079498?10-52-40-687
1042.739415 0?7.778106145?10-52-43-531
1074.521082 0?7.7880563 10-52-44-968
1091.319003 0?7.817280853?10-52-46-390
1103.253433 0?7.978812003?10-52-52-78
1085.48018 0?8.114158284?10-52-56-343
1101.133107 0?8.150797536?10-52-57-781
1112.818558 0?8.171911492?10-52-59-203
1082.386961 0?8.367289552?10-53-4-906
1109.192843 0?8.401344038?10-53-6-312
1088.922282 0?8.824717513?10-53-19-171
1116.07978 0?8.838408022?10-53-20-593
1093.811237 0?9.070209803?10-53-27-718
1127.084245 0?9.099896433?10-53-29-140
1138.455447 0?9.119105616?10-53-30-562
1127.820256 0?9.233357028?10-53-33-406
1104.89902 0?9.433880759?10-53-39-109
1118.827433 0?9.465976391?10-53-40-531
1133.384928 0?9.540035095?10-53-43-359
1121.31635 0?9.597623673?10-53-44-781
1111.281559 0?9.6899857 10-53-47-640
1121.502206 0?9.722415363?10-53-49-62
1145.479069 0?9.752845609?10-53-50-484
1131.65417 0?9.891885322?10-53-54-750
1146.893237 0?10.02120791?10-53-59-31
1113.243248 0?10.27267697?10-54-6-140
1136.756103 0?10.29685765?10-54-7-562
1115.524747 0?10.35140257?10-54-8-984
1145.916539 0?10.41218989?10-54-11-828
1120.421799 0?10.58657091?10-54-16-93
1138.706475 0?10.59756451?10-54-17-515
1120.930392 0?10.67165742?10-54-18-953
1148.304283 0?10.68324353?10-54-20-375
1132.743357 0?10.79200092?10-54-23-218
1150.704809 0?10.79702491?10-54-24-656
1160.769454 0?10.94319778?10-54-28-921
1135.166712 0?10.99416777?10-54-30-343
1154.845069 0?11.03621117?10-54-31-765
1137.927731 0?11.15988226?10-54-34-609
1152.827183 0?11.19702097?10-54-36-46
1139.729028 0?11.29015843?10-54-38-890
1159.318017 0?11.31686741?10-54-40-312
1134.069622 0?11.50712445?10-54-46-15
1153.00104 0?11.53733201?10-54-47-437
1175.375633 0?11.63808617?10-54-51-718
1148.427505 0?11.70215337?10-54-53-140
1169.048315 0?11.76940579?10-54-55-984
1146.522792 0?11.8303641 10-54-57-406
1163.336421 0?11.86773186?10-54-58-828
1146.060151 0?11.95215985?10-55-1-687
1173.294918 0?11.97805204?10-55-3-109
1158.907376 0?12.16087371?10-55-8-812
1175.961789 0?12.21321482?10-55-10-234
1160.464766 0?12.27697422?10-55-11-656
1125.806176 0?12.38869257?10-55-14-515
1144.992037 0?12.40800593?10-55-15-937
1172.738812 0?12.45760162?10-55-17-359
1159.579386 0?12.6019413 10-55-21-640
1142.420289 0?12.66486483?10-55-23-62
1164.499463 0?12.70074376?10-55-24-500
1176.78268 0?12.77312913?10-55-27-343
1144.47759 0?13.06539216?10-55-35-906
1154.852093 0?13.09425246?10-55-37-328
1173.518434 0?13.12825764?10-55-38-750
1153.148554 0?13.28854174?10-55-43-62
1171.673429 0?13.32409061?10-55-44-484
1157.303156 0?13.38617668?10-55-45-921
1182.23857 0?13.40884309?10-55-47-328
1159.042402 0?13.47976906?10-55-48-750
1173.609654 0?13.52046361?10-55-50-187
1149.868893 0?13.80088125?10-55-58-734
1172.09168 0?13.8158888 10-56-0-156
1184.771195 0?13.89966861?10-56-3-15
1168.993387 0?14.00526861?10-56-5-859
1189.183654 0?14.08451514?10-56-8-703
1166.95638 0?14.21868277?10-56-12-984
1180.106732 0?14.36623869?10-56-17-265
1155.153561 0?14.44491736?10-56-18-687
1165.369721 0?14.50579535?10-56-21-531
1176.456918 0?14.66398778?10-56-25-812
1165.456064 0?14.75138785?10-56-28-656
1150.249582 0?15.02805162?10-56-37-218
1165.580066 0?15.0811435 10-56-38-640
1125.067237 0?15.21590762?10-56-41-500
1141.411103 0?15.24770262?10-56-42-921
1166.588374 0?15.26675513?10-56-44-343
1155.931134 0?15.37144688?10-56-47-203
1142.799417 0?15.42374186?10-56-48-625
1153.403875 0?15.47075119?10-56-50-46
1139.394583 0?15.52406099?10-56-51-468
1150.715443 0?15.54758156?10-56-52-890
1139.061798 0?15.65567725?10-56-55-734
1125.337973 0?15.87954977?10-57-2-859
1109.616557 0?15.96131903?10-57-4-281
1137.714947 0?16.00031161?10-57-5-703
1123.332088 0?16.04000884?10-57-7-140
1107.160714 0 16.2491808?10-57-12-828
19.99218737 0?28.66663823?10-57-14-250
Table (2) material deformation displacement vector data
TITLE＝″PIV?Result?1″
VARIABLES＝″X(mm)″″Y(mm)″″Z(mm)″″U(m/s)″″V(m/s)″″W(m/s)″″Speed(m/s)″″Vorticity″″U-std″″V-std″″W-std″″Speed-std″″Vorticity-std″
ZONE?T＝″ZONE?001″
I＝23，J＝14，K＝1，F＝POINT
DT＝(DOUBLE?DOUBLE?DOUBLE?DOUBLE?DOUBLE?DOUBLE?DOUBLE?DOUBLE)
0.089082 0.680844 0.000000 -0.625000 -4.062500 0.000000 4.110296
0.106484 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.129420 0.683702 0.000000 -0.456250 -2.350000 0.000000 2.393880
0.106484 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.169614 0.686174 0.000000 -0.373171 -0.868445 0.000000 0.945227
0.031042 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.209802 0.686915 0.000000 -0.293750 -0.425000 0.000000 0.516637
0.017969 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.251173 0.687436 0.000000 -0.506250 -0.112500 0.000000 0.518599
0.017057 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.291239 0.687759 0.000000 -0.500000 0.081250 0.000000 0.506559
0.004557 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.331347 0.687812 0.000000 -0.468750 0.112500 0.000000 0.482061
-0.001432 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.371799 0.687801 0.000000 -0.231250 0.106250 0.000000 0.254491
0.000911 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.113192 -0.004123 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.737558 0.161965 0.000000 -0.081250 0.043750 0.000000 0.092280
0.001693 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.777530 0.161882 0.000000 -0.131250 -0.006250 0.000000 0.131399
-0.013672 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.816351 0.160438 0.000000 -0.871189 -0.871037 0.000000 1.231940
-0.075998 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.856091 0.158752 0.000000 -2.060417 -1.881250 0.000000 2.790057
-0.096962 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.895660 0.158596 0.000000 -2.352083 -1.975000 0.000000 3.071306
-0.047266 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.938247 0.160515 0.000000 -0.835417 -0.825000 0.000000 1.174115
-0.018707 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.981533 0.161433 0.000000 0.100000 -0.275000 0.000000 0.292617
-0.018707 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
Coefficient：A B
0.001669 0.000000
0.001669 0.000000
1.000000 0.000000
1.000000 0.000000
1.000000 0.000000
1.000000 0.000000
1.000000 0.000000
1.000000 0.000000
Source File:F: sample picture data-ni nibenji004.bmp
PIV?Calculate?Information：
Search?Widnow：x＝64.y＝64
Calculate?Step：x＝24，y＝24
Claims (1)
1. the method for testing of a material mesoscopic mechanics is characterized in that taking following steps:
Sample holder is on the experimental machine loading bench, sample is observed the surface place the sight glass observation place, the clamped displacement extensometer of peace is with the logarithmic strain amount of record sample drawing process on sample, start experimental machine and loading, write down real-time load p-strain ξ-moment T Millisecond data, the observation imaging system receives specimen surface Jie sight pattern in real time, and each is accurate to Millisecond image constantly, computer interface shows the specimen surface Jie sight graphic interface and the real-time moment that is accurate to Millisecond simultaneously, the ess-strain and the curve constantly of scale are arranged, and gather simultaneously and store; Carry out X, the Y direction components of strain " UExx ", " VEyy " and analyze be situated between seeing the represented position of continuous picture with image analysis system; And X-Y direction shearing strain " Exy ", Y-X direction shearing strain " Eyx " are analyzed; With image analysis system to the represented position of continuous picture carry out deformation rotation amount " Omiga " rotation value, " Alpha " rotation amount anglec of rotation is analyzed; Deform in same pace strain field, the rotation amount field data of output material deformation process; To the deform in same pace strain field and the rotation amount field data of gained stress-strain data, material deformation process, see pattern in conjunction with specimen surface Jie and analyze and conclude.
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