CN104007007B - A kind of fatigue analysis method based on magnesium alloy surface of test piece temperature profile - Google Patents

A kind of fatigue analysis method based on magnesium alloy surface of test piece temperature profile Download PDF

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CN104007007B
CN104007007B CN201410263559.3A CN201410263559A CN104007007B CN 104007007 B CN104007007 B CN 104007007B CN 201410263559 A CN201410263559 A CN 201410263559A CN 104007007 B CN104007007 B CN 104007007B
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fatigue
stress
test
temperature
test piece
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CN104007007A (en
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张红霞
郭少飞
王文先
闫志峰
郝俊丽
周亚国
陈鹏达
张虔铭
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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Abstract

A kind of fatigue analysis method based on magnesium alloy surface of test piece temperature profile, belong to the technical field of magnesium alloy materials mechanical property, it is characterized in that a kind of uneven for magnesium alloy test specimen internal stress distribution under fatigue loading effect, owing to plastoelastic deformation effect makes surface of test piece temperature change, obtain temperature and the local stress relation curve of surface of test piece; By analytic curve shape feature, determine the stressing conditions of fatigue sample, and then try to achieve the safe range of stress of magnesium alloy, tired inefficacy or the cycle that specifically circulates is there is in the method without the need to being loaded on by test specimen, only need the fatigue loading of 3 minutes just can determine relation between fatigue sample internal stress and the Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys limit fast, there is the advantages such as convenient, fast, accurate.

Description

A kind of fatigue analysis method based on magnesium alloy surface of test piece temperature profile
Technical field
A kind of fatigue analysis method based on magnesium alloy surface of test piece temperature profile of the present invention, belongs to the technical field of magnesium alloy materials mechanical property. It is specifically related to the technical scheme of the quick fatigue analysis method of a kind of Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys surface of test piece temperature profile.
Background technology
Fatigue and fracture is the main reason causing engineering structure to lose efficacy, and the inefficacy caused because of repeated stress failure accident in engineering structure accounts for more than the 80% of the sum that lost efficacy, once there is fatigue failure accident, brings calamitous loss often to the lives and properties of people. For many years, people have accumulated rich experience in the development etc. of the observation of fatigue phenomenon, the research of fatigue mechanism, the prediction of fatigue lifetime and Anti fatigue Design technology. Current tired research is main relies on research technique that the fatigue property of metallic substance is carried out analysis and resolution, but these fatigue test methods also exist deficiencies such as test period length, test specimen consumption are big, data discrete, these be all that the fatigue property of acquisition material brings certain difficulty.
Magnesium alloy, as novel structured material, often bears fatigue loading in military service process, and its fatigue property is mainly obtained by research technique at present. Traditional fatigue test method usually by fatigue sample 107Whether there is tired inefficacy as judgment criteria in circulation cycle, namely need to treat test block and carry out long-time CYCLIC LOADING, if there is tired inefficacy before reaching specific circulation cycle, illustrating that the load applied may higher than the safe range of stress of material; Otherwise, reach specific circulation cycle and tired inefficacy do not occur, illustrate that the load applied may lower than the safe range of stress of material; By the above testing data obtained is analyzed the safe range of stress that could obtain material; This kind of fatigue test method, just needs the longer test period on single root test specimen, and in order to obtain reliable testing data, it is necessary to carry out organizing test more, therefore, current test method not only at substantial time, and at substantial test materials.
Recently, a kind of system and method (application number: 201210549354.2) be suggested predicting magnesium alloy component safe range of stress based on infrared thermal imaging, the method utilizes the temperature variation of thermal infrared imager monitoring magnesium alloy surface of test piece in fatigue test process, the temperature rise value of surface of test piece under the different stress level of contrast, and then determine the safe range of stress of magnesium alloy. Compared with current fatigue test method, there is tired inefficacy without the need to being loaded on by test specimen or complete whole 10 in the method7Cycle CYCLIC LOADING, saves test period to a certain extent. But, the method only highlights the difference of surface of test piece temperature rise value under different stress level, accurately do not provide the concrete feature that magnesium alloy test specimen shows under particular stress level, it is necessary to carrying out the test of many groups and carry out contrasting and just can obtain safe range of stress, process of the test is easy not.
Summary of the invention
A kind of fatigue analysis method based on magnesium alloy surface of test piece temperature profile of the present invention, its object is to is the situation for background technology, by means of thermal infrared imager, a kind of fatigue test method being only loaded within the scope of plastoelastic deformation to single test specimen is provided, only need the fatigue loading of 3 minutes just can determine the fatigue analysis method of relation between fatigue sample internal stress and the Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys limit fast for magnesium alloy test specimen
A kind of fatigue analysis method based on magnesium alloy surface of test piece temperature profile of the present invention, it is characterized in that a kind of by means of thermal infrared imager, only single magnesium alloy test specimen is loaded within the scope of plastoelastic deformation, only needing the fatigue loading of 3 minutes just can determine the fatigue analysis method of relation between fatigue sample internal stress and the Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys limit fast, the concrete steps of the method are as follows:
The chemical substance material used is: magnesium alloy plate, ethanol, black matte paint and sand paper, and it is as follows that it prepares consumption: taking millimeter, milliliter as measure unit
Magnesium alloy plate: AZ31B320mm �� 100mm �� 10mm4 block
Black matte paint 500mL �� 10mL
Ethanol: C2H5OH500mL��10mL
Sand paper: SiC800 order 276mm �� 0.5mm �� 230mm2 opens
Sand paper: SiC1000 order 276mm �� 0.5mm �� 230mm2 opens
Sand paper: SiC1500 order 276mm �� 0.5mm �� 230mm2 opens
1) test specimen processing and preparation
1. adopt wire cutting method that magnesium alloy plate is processed as the fatigue sample of variable cross-section so that specimen equidistance line marking internal stress increases with sectional area and reduces in fatigue loading process, in uneven distribution;
2. use sand papering fatigue sample, make surface of test piece and linear cutter face smooth, it is desired to the roughness in test specimen pros and cons and linear cutter face reaches Ra0.32-0.63 ��m;
3. clean fatigue sample with ethanol, make surface of test piece clean;
4. it is coated with one layer of black matte paint in fatigue sample temperature measuring gauge face, to increase heat reflectivity;
2) load test specimen and survey temperature and prepare
Adjust fatigue test parameter, cycle specificity coefficient is 0.1, resonant frequency is 100Hz, start to be carried on protracted test machine by fatigue sample, thermal infrared imager is placed in distance 800mm place, test specimen temperature measuring gauge face simultaneously, regulate thermal infrared imager focal length, ensure the temperature clear picture recorded in fatigue test process;
3) fatigue test
Treat test block and carry out CYCLIC LOADING under different stress level, use thermal infrared imager surface of test piece temperature to be monitored simultaneously, gather surface of test piece temperature profile data, and store the tired thermal imagery figure of magnesium alloy surface of test piece;
4) data processing and inversion
1. analyze the test-results that records of thermal infrared imager, extract the Temperature-time relation data of test specimen under fatigue loading effect, hygrogram picture;
2. calculate the stress distribution in fatigue test piece scale distance, try to achieve stress gradient curve according to stress distribution; 1. Extracting temperature data on the thermal imagery figure obtained in step along stress gradient curve, obtain temperature and the local stress relation curve of surface of test piece;
3. according to the shape of the surface of test piece temperature obtained under different stress level with local stress relation curve, it is determined that the pass of test specimen internal stress and the Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys limit is all be greater than safe range of stress, be partly greater than safe range of stress or be all less than safe range of stress;
Step 2. in the temperature of surface of test piece that obtains under different stress level, present three kinds of different shapeies from local stress relation curve: a. curve is a single straight line, temperature linearly increases with the increase of internal stress, and now test specimen internal stress is all greater than safe range of stress; B. there is significantly turnover in curve, and now test specimen internal stress part is greater than safe range of stress; C. curve presents irregular fluctuation, and now test specimen internal stress is all less than safe range of stress;
4. when test specimen internal stress part is greater than safe range of stress, step 2. in the temperature of surface of test piece that obtains and local stress relation curve there will be obvious turnover; Carrying out matching to two sections that the curve transferred occur by method of least squares respectively and obtain two straight lines, the stress value that its intersection point is corresponding is the safe range of stress of this magnesium alloy.
Above-mentioned a kind of fatigue analysis method based on magnesium alloy surface of test piece temperature profile, it is characterized in that, described Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys test carries out on Infrared Test System, its Infrared Test System is by protracted test machine (1), thermal infrared imager (4) and Controlling System (6) composition, tired Infrared Test System is vertical, the surface that is installed on the jig (2) of protracted test machine (1) scribbles the Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys test specimen (3) of black matte paint, thermal infrared imager (4) is placed before the fatigue sample scribbling dumb light lacquer painting, regulation and control system (6) starts fatigue loading, fatigue test receipt is obtained by Controlling System (6), thermal infrared imager (4) obtains temperature information and the hygrogram picture of Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys surface of test piece, temperature in the fatigue process obtained and stress information are processed by data handling system (5).
Above-mentioned a kind of fatigue analysis method based on magnesium alloy surface of test piece temperature profile, it is characterized in that, described Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys test specimen adopts gauge length to be the fatigue sample of variable cross-section so that in fatigue loading process, specimen equidistance line marking internal stress increases with sectional area and reduces, in uneven distribution.
A kind of fatigue analysis method based on magnesium alloy surface of test piece temperature profile of the present invention, its advantage is: based on the inherent feature of magnesium alloy thermogenesis mechanism under fatigue loading, surface of test piece temperature profile under fatigue loading is extracted, makes it to show intuitively in the form of images; Relation between fatigue sample internal stress and measured material safe range of stress is determined on the basis analyzing these temperature profiles, and then determines the safe range of stress of magnesium alloy; Utilize thermal infrared imager, only need the time of 3 minutes, just complete collection can comprise the thermal imagery diagram data of plastoelastic deformation stage surface of test piece temperature profile, thus without the need to being loaded on by test specimen, tired lost efficacy or whole 10 occurs7Circulation cycle, saves test period to a great extent; The temperature profile simultaneously obtained under different fatigue load by the method has salient feature, it is not necessary to carries out contrasting the fatigue property that just can determine magnesium alloy to the data obtained under different stress level, simplifies test process of the test to a certain extent; Compared with prior art, it is simple that the method has process of the test, and the test period is short, and the required test specimen quantity of test waits advanced less, it is possible to be widely used in engineering practice.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys specimen size
Fig. 2 Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys Infrared Test System
Fig. 3 Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys test specimen infrared thermal imagery figure
Fig. 4 Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys test specimen internal stress computation model
Fig. 5 Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys test specimen medial temperature and internal stress relation curve (a) 115MPa;(b) 110MPa; (c) 105MPa; (d) 100MPa.
Shown in figure, list of numerals is as follows:
1. protracted test machine; 2. jig; 3. Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys test; 4. thermal infrared imager; 5. data handling system; 6. Controlling System; 7. fatigue sample cross section A; 8. higher than safe range of stress part; 9. lower than safe range of stress part; 10. higher than the fitting a straight line of safe range of stress part; 11. lower than the fitting a straight line of safe range of stress part.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Material of the present invention is the commercial thick extruded AZ31B magnesium alloy of 10mm, and sample dimensions as shown in Figure 1, adopts wire cutting method to process along being perpendicular to the direction of extrusion; After machining, adopting 800 orders, 1000 orders and 1500 object abrasive paper for metallograph surface of test piece to be polished successively, make surface and linear cutter face smooth, roughness reaches Ra0.32-0.63 ��m; Surface of test piece is coated with the dumb light paint of last layer black, to increase heat reflectivity.
Fatigue experiment equipment is high frequency repeated tension and compression test machine. Fatigue loading is La-La load, and cycle specificity coefficient is 0.1, and vibrational frequency is 100Hz; With infrared temperature measurement system, the temperature of surface of test piece temperature being carried out record in experimentation, the sensitivity of thermal infrared imager record temperature is 0.08K, and Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys Infrared Test System is as shown in Figure 2.
Magnesium alloy is when being subject to fatigue loading, and the outside mechanical work applied can be converted into the interior energy of its inside, thus causes test specimen temperature to raise; When temperature is higher than envrionment temperature, the heat of its inside can to around scattering and disappearing, and the speed that the more big heat of temperature head scatters and disappears is more fast, so, the temperature of magnesium alloy can not raise under fatigue loading always; When the heat of test specimen inside generation in the unit time is equal with the heat being lost to surrounding environment, the temperature of magnesium alloy will reach the running balance of heat production and heat radiation.
The thermal imagery figure choosing the running balance moment temperature distribution on fatigue sample surface is analyzed (the running balance moment refer to surface of test piece temperature stop rise moment, it is no more than 3 minutes at the conditions of the experiments described above), surface temperature now can represent the distribution of the heat source strength in test specimen comparatively accurately; Taking test specimen center as co-ordinate zero point, the horizontal center line of fatigue sample is X-axis, and vertical center line is that Y-axis sets up rectangular coordinate system, as shown in Figure 3.
Fatigue sample is subject to axial loading on protracted test machine, and Impact direction is consistent with Y-axis direction, and the stress therefore can thought on each cross section of test specimen is uniform, and its size equals the ratio of thrust load and this place's cross-sectional area being applied on test specimen. As shown in Figure 4, the stress �� at fatigue sample cross section A (7) placeA=F/SA, wherein F is the load being applied to test specimen axially, SAFor the area of fatigue sample cross section A (7); The increase along with cross-sectional area along Y-axis direction of local stress in fatigue sample, is reduced to two ends gradually by centre.
The internal stress of fatigue sample each cross-section under specific load is calculated by above-mentioned model, utilize corresponding thermal imagery figure to calculate the medial temperature on each cross section simultaneously, thus obtain the corresponding relation of the single fatigue sample medial temperature on each cross section and internal stress under specific load.
Fig. 5 represents the corresponding relation of medial temperature and internal stress on Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys test specimen under different loads. Owing to fatigue sample shape has symmetry, so only test specimen X-axis being discussed with lower part.Wherein 115MPa, 110MPa, 105MPa, 100MPa represent under respective loads, the internal stress at the minimum place of cross section in fatigue sample.
When the cyclic loading applied is greater than the safe range of stress of metallic substance, material internal generation viscous deformation also produces a large amount of heat, and the more big heat production of load is more many; When the cyclic loading applied is less than the safe range of stress of metallic substance, material only produces the heat of minimal amount by viscous effect.
When fatigue sample is subject to bigger load (115MPa), its internal stress is all greater than safe range of stress, at this moment owing to the heat production of each part of material internal is all produced by viscous deformation, belong to same temperature rise mechanism, therefore medial temperature and internal stress relation curve are a single straight line, temperature linearly increases with the increase of internal stress, as shown in Fig. 5 (a).
When fatigue sample be subject to relatively side crops industry time (100MPa), its internal stress is all less than safe range of stress. The inner overall quantity of heat production of fatigue sample is less, the uneven stress causing local of magnesium alloy interior tissue is concentrated, the heat production at these stress places of concentrating can be greater than other parts, causes the irregular fluctuation of medial temperature and internal stress relation curve, as shown in Fig. 5 (d).
When stress level is 110MPa and 105MPa, as Fig. 5 (b, c) shown in, only there is the safe range of stress of part internal stress higher than magnesium alloy Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys test specimen inside, the heat that these parts produce obviously is greater than the part lower than safe range of stress, causing medial temperature and internal stress relation curve and significantly turnover occur, the stress value corresponding to this weight break point can be counted as being the safe range of stress of magnesium alloy. Then the position of weight break point by curve two portions are carried out least square fitting respectively, can ask the mode of two portions fitting a straight line intersection point to obtain.
The Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys limit recorded in this test is respectively 103.70MPa and 104.84MPa, error is respectively 3.29% and 4.43% compared with the Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys limit (100.39MPa) that existing standard test method (GB/T3075-2008 metallic substance fatigue test axial stress control method) is tried to achieve, and has higher accuracy. The result recorded for twice is also very close, illustrates that the method has good stability.
As seen from the above analysis, there is corresponding shape under specific stress level in the medial temperature obtained by the method proposed in the present invention and internal stress relation curve. By analytic curve shape feature, just can judge the stressing conditions of fatigue sample accurately, and then try to achieve the safe range of stress of magnesium alloy. The fatigue behavior rapid analysis method adopting the present invention to propose does not need other simultaneous tests, therefore saves test period and test materials to a great extent, has obvious advance.
Should be understood that, for those of ordinary skills, it is possible to improved according to the above description or convert, and all these improve and convert the protection domain that all should belong to claims of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. the fatigue analysis method based on magnesium alloy surface of test piece temperature profile, it is characterized in that a kind of by means of thermal infrared imager, only single magnesium alloy test specimen is loaded within the scope of plastoelastic deformation, only needing the fatigue loading of 3 minutes just can determine the fatigue analysis method of relation between fatigue sample internal stress and the Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys limit fast, the concrete steps of the method are as follows:
The chemical substance material used is: magnesium alloy plate, ethanol, black matte paint, sand paper, and it is as follows that it prepares consumption: taking millimeter, milliliter as measure unit;
Magnesium alloy plate: AZ31B320mm �� 100mm �� 10mm4 block;
Black matte paint: 500mL �� 10mL;
Ethanol: C2H5OH500mL �� 10mL;
Sand paper: SiC800 order 276mm �� 0.5mm �� 230mm2 opens;
Sand paper: SiC1000 order 276mm �� 0.5mm �� 230mm2 opens;
Sand paper: SiC1500 order 276mm �� 0.5mm �� 230mm2 opens;
1) test specimen processing and preparation
1. adopt wire cutting method that magnesium alloy plate is processed as the fatigue sample of variable cross-section so that specimen equidistance line marking internal stress increases with sectional area and reduces in fatigue loading process, in uneven distribution, reduces gradually to two ends by centre;
2. use sand papering fatigue sample, make surface of test piece and linear cutter face smooth, it is desired to the roughness in test specimen pros and cons and linear cutter face reaches Ra0.32-0.63 ��m;
3. clean fatigue sample with ethanol, make surface of test piece clean;
4. it is coated with one layer of black matte paint in fatigue sample temperature measuring gauge face, to increase heat reflectivity;
2) load test specimen and survey temperature and prepare
Adjust fatigue test parameter, cycle specificity coefficient is 0.1, resonant frequency is 100Hz, start to be carried on protracted test machine by fatigue sample, thermal infrared imager is placed in distance 800mm place, test specimen temperature measuring gauge face simultaneously, regulate thermal infrared imager focal length, ensure the temperature clear picture recorded in fatigue test process;
3) fatigue test
Treat test block and carry out CYCLIC LOADING under different stress level, use thermal infrared imager surface of test piece temperature to be monitored simultaneously, gather surface of test piece temperature profile data and image;
4) data processing and inversion
1. the test-results that thermal infrared imager records is analyzed, the temperature distribution on fatigue sample surface is analyzed by the thermal imagery figure choosing the running balance moment, the running balance moment refers to that surface of test piece temperature stops the moment rising, and extracts the Temperature-time relation data of test specimen under fatigue loading effect, hygrogram picture;
2. the stress distribution in fatigue test piece scale distance, the stress �� of fatigue sample cross-section is calculatedA=F/SA, wherein F is the load being applied to test specimen axially, SAFor the area of fatigue sample cross section A; Stress gradient curve is tried to achieve according to stress distribution; 1. Extracting temperature data on the thermal imagery figure obtained in step along stress gradient curve, obtain temperature and the local stress relation curve of surface of test piece;
3. according to the shape of the surface of test piece temperature obtained under different stress level with local stress relation curve, it is determined that the pass of test specimen internal stress and the Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys limit is all be greater than safe range of stress, be partly greater than safe range of stress or be all less than safe range of stress; Step 2. in the temperature of surface of test piece that obtains under different stress level, present three kinds of different shapeies from local stress relation curve: a. curve is a single straight line, temperature linearly increases with the increase of internal stress, and now test specimen internal stress is all greater than safe range of stress; B. there is significantly turnover in curve, and now test specimen internal stress part is greater than safe range of stress; C. curve presents irregular fluctuation, and now test specimen internal stress is all less than safe range of stress;
4. when test specimen internal stress part is greater than safe range of stress, step 2. in the temperature of surface of test piece that obtains and local stress relation curve there will be obvious turnover; Carrying out matching to two sections that the curve transferred occur by method of least squares respectively and obtain two straight lines, the stress value that its intersection point is corresponding is the safe range of stress of this magnesium alloy.
2. a kind of fatigue analysis method based on magnesium alloy surface of test piece temperature profile as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys test carries out on Infrared Test System, its Infrared Test System is by protracted test machine (1), thermal infrared imager (4) and Controlling System (6) composition, tired Infrared Test System is vertical, the surface that is installed on the jig (2) of protracted test machine (1) scribbles the Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys test specimen (3) of black matte paint, thermal infrared imager (4) is placed before the fatigue sample scribbling dumb light lacquer painting, regulation and control system (6) starts fatigue loading, fatigue test receipt is obtained by Controlling System (6), thermal infrared imager (4) obtains temperature information and the hygrogram picture of Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys surface of test piece, temperature in the fatigue process obtained and stress information are processed by data handling system (5).
3. a kind of fatigue analysis method based on magnesium alloy surface of test piece temperature profile as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys test specimen adopts gauge length to be the fatigue sample of variable cross-section, specimen equidistance line marking internal stress in fatigue loading process is made to increase with sectional area and reduce, in uneven distribution.
CN201410263559.3A 2014-06-13 2014-06-13 A kind of fatigue analysis method based on magnesium alloy surface of test piece temperature profile Expired - Fee Related CN104007007B (en)

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